-#LyX 1.5.5svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 276
+#LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 413
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass scrartcl
% the documentation team
% email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
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-% link all cross references and URLs
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% Folgendes Problem lösen:
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% increase link area for cross-references and autoname them,
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% don't load packages twice
% see first footnote in sec. 9.3
% the pages of the TOC are numbered roman
% and a PDF-bookmark for the TOC is added
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% insert additional vertical space of 1.5 mm between footnotes,
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% provides caption formatting
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-% used in Kap. 22.4
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-
-% used in Kap. 22.6
+% used in sec. 23.6
\usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
-% enables calculation of values,
+% enables calculation of values
\usepackage{calc}
-% for multiple table row and column cells
-\usepackage{multirow}
+% for multiple columns used in sec. 23.7
\usepackage{multicol}
-% needed for diagrams
-\usepackage{amscd}
-
% needed in sec. 19.4
\usepackage{remreset}
-% center multirows (e.g. in sec. 13.3)
-\renewcommand{\multirowsetup}{\centering}
+% for the Fourier transformation symbol
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% define a color, used in sec.9.3
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-% redefine the greyed out note
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% check for package eurosym
% used for the Euro symbol
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-% needed in sec. 22.4
% check for package braket
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{\usepackage{braket}
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-% needed in sec. 22.10
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+\pdf_title "LyX's Math Manual"
+\pdf_author "LyX Team, Uwe Stöhr"
+\pdf_subject "LyX-documentation about math"
+\pdf_keywords "LyX, Mathed"
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\noindent
If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta
tion mailing list:
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author: Uwe Stöhr
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and
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The latest PDF-version of this document can be found here:
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http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/DocumentationDevelopment#Math
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Introduction
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The explanations are designed for the usage of commands.
It is therefore required that you have read the section
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Formulas
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of the User's Guide.
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Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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Options
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The option
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To create an inline formula
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status collapsed
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In LyX there are three
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-bp = 1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+big point (72
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+bp = 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
in)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
dd
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Didot (1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Didot (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
dd
\begin_inset Formula $\approx$
\end_inset
- 0.376\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+ 0.376
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
mm)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
cc
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Cicero (1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-cc = 12\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-dd)
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Cicero (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cc = 12
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+dd)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
ex
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Height of letter
\emph on
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
em
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
width of letter
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
mu
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-math unit (1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-mu =
-\begin_inset Formula $\nicefrac{1}{18}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+math unit (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-em)
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-textfrac
-\series default
- is explained in sec.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Self-defined-Fractions"
-
+mu =
+\begin_inset Formula $\nicefrac{1}{18}$
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-
+em)
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
-\newpage
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Exponents
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Exponents"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Exponents
+\end_layout
\end_inset
and Indices
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Indices"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Indices
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Superscripts|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Exponents
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Subscripts|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+Indices
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Superscripts|see{Exponents}"
+}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Subscripts|see{Indices}"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
B_V
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $B_{V}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
B^V
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}B^{V}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
B^
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}B^{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Depending on the used keyboard settings this can also happen for other character
s than vowels.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Fractions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Fractions"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Fractions"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Fractions
+\end_layout
\end_inset
frac
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! F ! \\textbackslash frac"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! F !
+\backslash
+frac
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\backslash
dfrac
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! D ! \\textbackslash dfrac"
+\series default
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! D !
+\backslash
+dfrac
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\series default
a fraction can be created that has in any case the size of a display style
formula.
With
\backslash
tfrac
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! T ! \\textbackslash tfrac"
+\series default
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! T !
+\backslash
+tfrac
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\series default
the fraction appears always with the size of an inline formula.
An example:
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
frac
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\frac{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dfrac
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\dfrac{A}{B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dfrac
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{8mm}{}\dfrac{e^{\frac{1}{2}}}{3}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\newpage
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
For nested fractions the command
\series bold
cfrac
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! C ! \\textbackslash cfrac"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! C !
+\backslash
+cfrac
+\end_layout
\end_inset
can be used.
- Here an example:
+ Here is an example:
\begin_inset VSpace -3mm
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align*}
\textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash frac}} & & \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash cfrac}}\\
-\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}\end{align*}
+\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
\series bold
\backslash
-cfrac{A
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
+cfrac
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-{B+
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+B+
\backslash
-cfrac{C+
+cfrac
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
\backslash
-cfrac{E
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+spce
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+C+
+\backslash
+cfrac
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-{F
-\begin_inset Formula $\to\to$
+spce
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+E
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-{D
+F
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+D
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
sets the fraction always in the size of a displayed formula, also when
it is part of another fraction.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is possible to specify the alignment of the numerator.
+ The command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cfracleft
+\series default
+ is used to left align it, the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cfracright
+\series default
+ to right-align it.
\series bold
\backslash
cfrac
\series default
- has the following command scheme:
+ centers the numerator.
+ These fractions demonstrate the different alignments:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac[l]{A}{B+C}$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac{A}{B+C}$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac[r]{A}{B+C}$
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-\backslash
-cfrac[numerator position]{numerator}{denominator}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The numerator position can be
-\emph on
-l
-\emph default
- ,
-\emph on
-c
-\emph default
-, or
-\emph on
-r
-\emph default
- .
- l or r aligns the numerator to the left or right, resp.\InsetSpace ~
-with the fraction
- stroke.
- When
-\emph on
-c
-\emph default
- or no position is given, the numerator appears centered.
- These fractions demonstrate the different alignments:
-\newline
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+
\series bold
-\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac[l]{A}{B+C}$
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+cfracleft
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac{A}{B+C}$
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+cfracright
+\series default
+ are no real LaTeX commands but represent the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cfrac[alignment]{numerator}{denominator}
+\series default
+ .
+ Therefore you cannot use them in TeX code.
+\end_layout
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac[r]{A}{B+C}$
\end_inset
frac
\series default
:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
nicefrac
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! N ! \\textbackslash nicefrac"
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! N !
+\backslash
+nicefrac
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $\nicefrac{5}{31}$
\end_inset
+ or
+\series bold
+\backslash
+unitfrac
\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! U !
+\backslash
+unitfrac
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
:
-\begin_inset Formula $\nicefrac{5}{31}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\unitfrac{5}{31}$
+\end_inset
+
+ There is furthermore the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+unitfracthree
+\series default
+ that offers to write a fraction in combination with a number:
+\begin_inset Formula $\unitfrac[2]{1}{3}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+unitfracthree
+\series default
+ is not a real LaTeX command but the command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+unitfrac[number]{numerator}{denominator}
+\series default
+ .
+ Therefore you cannot use it in TeX code.
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
How to define own fractions where the fraction stroke can be changed, is
explained in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Self-defined-Fractions"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Roots
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Roots"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Roots
+\end_layout
\end_inset
sqrt
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! S ! \\textbackslash sqrt"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\end_layout
\end_inset
root
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! R ! \\textbackslash root"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! R !
+\backslash
+root
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
sqrt
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqrt{A-B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
root
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqrt[3]{A-B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
The
\begin_inset Formula $\beta$
\end_inset
leftroot
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! L ! \\textbackslash leftroot"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! L !
+\backslash
+leftroot
+\end_layout
\end_inset
uproot
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! U ! \\textbackslash uproot"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! U !
+\backslash
+uproot
+\end_layout
\end_inset
), that the index should be moved to the left or top, resp..
The commands are written to the index.
This way the command
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
\series bold
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
B
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
\series default
produces a correct typeset formula:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Binomial coefficients
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Binomial coefficient s"
+Binomial Coefficients
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Binomial coefficients
+\end_layout
\end_inset
binom
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! B ! \\textbackslash binom"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! B !
+\backslash
+binom
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
+.
+ Analog to fractions (
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+frac
+\series default
+) there are besides
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+binom
+\series default
+ the commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+dbinom
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! D !
+\backslash
+dbinom
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+tbinom
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! T !
+\backslash
+tbinom
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ For other brackets around binomial coeficients there are the commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+brace
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! B !
+\backslash
+brace
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+brack
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! B !
+\backslash
+brack
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
binom
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\binom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-dbinom{A
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
+dbinom
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-{B
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dbinom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
-\end_inset
+A
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dbinom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Analog to fractions (
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-frac
-\series default
-) there are besides
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-binom
-\series default
- the commands
-\series bold
+tbinom
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-dbinom
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! D ! \\textbackslash dbinom"
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+A
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\tbinom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-tbinom
-\series default
+brack
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! T ! \\textbackslash tbinom"
+\end_inset
+A
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
\end_inset
- with the following command scheme:
+B
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}{A \brack B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-dbinom{numerator}{denominator}
-\series default
- and
-\newline
+brace
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-tbinom{numerator}{denominator}
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}{A \brace B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
+Case Differentiations
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Case differentiations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Case differentiations "
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
cases
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
B>0
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! C ! \\textbackslash cases"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! C !
+\backslash
+cases
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{cases}
A & B>0\end{cases}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
cases
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-Ctrl-Enter
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{cases}
A & \textrm{for }x>0\\
-B & \textrm{for }x=0\end{cases}$
+B & \textrm{for }x=0
+\end{cases}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
you can create new lines with the shortcut
-\family sans
-Ctrl-Return
-\family default
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
or the table toolbar button
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
\begin_layout Subsection
Negations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Negations"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Negations
+\end_layout
\end_inset
not
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! N ! \\textbackslash not"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! N !
+\backslash
+not
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
not=
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\not=$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
not
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\not\le$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
not
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\not\parallel$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The last example shows, that not all negations look good.
Therefore there are for some negations special commands (see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Mathematical-Symbols"
\end_inset
and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Relations"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Placeholders
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Placeholders"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Placeholders"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Placeholders
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Chemical characters ! Isotopes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Isotopes|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+Chemical characters
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Chemical characters ! Isotopes"
+}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Isotopes|see{Chemical characters}"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When displaying e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
+When displaying e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
isotopes
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-More about chemical symbols is written in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typesetting isotopes and chemical symbols is described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and"
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Indices created with sub- and superscripts:
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $_{9}^{19}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
correct indices:
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $_{\phantom{1}9}^{19}\mathrm{F}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
phantom
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! P ! \\textbackslash phantom"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! P !
+\backslash
+phantom
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+ or the math toolbar button
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
- or the math toolbar button\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
can be found in the submenu of the toolbar button
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math/space.png
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
^19
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{}_{\phantom{1}9}^{19}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
^235
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{}_{\phantom{23}9}^{235}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Lambda^
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\Lambda_{MMt}^{\phantom{ii}t}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
vphantom
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! V ! \\textbackslash vphantom"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! V !
+\backslash
+vphantom
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- (toolbar button \InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math/vphantom.png
hphantom
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! H ! \\textbackslash hphantom"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! H !
+\backslash
+hphantom
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- (toolbar button \InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math/hphantom.png
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
The command
\series bold
int
\series default
creates an integral sign, see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Big-Operators"
\end_inset
because this is the larger character.
An example application is in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Multiline-Brackets"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Placeholders can also be used for text when it is inserted via the menu
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Phantom
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a sentence.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom Phantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is a sentence.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Lines
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Lines"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lines
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! underlined"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! underlined
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
overline
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
A+B
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! O ! \\textbackslash overline"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! O !
+\backslash
+overline
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\overline{A+B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
underline
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
A+B
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! U ! \\textbackslash underline"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! U !
+\backslash
+underline
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\underline{A+B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
overline
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\overline{\underline{A+B}}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To double underline e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+To double underline e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
g.
- results, one uses
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+results, one uses
\series bold
\backslash
It is possible to place up to 6 lines above or below characters.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+Custom lines can be created using the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rule
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! R !
+\backslash
+rule
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ which has the following scheme:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rule[vertical offset]{length}{thickness}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The optional vertical offset shifts the line upwards (or downwards, when
+ the value is negative).
+ The units listed in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "tab:Available-units"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can be used for the values.
+ Here are two example lines created with the commands
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rule[-2ex]{3cm}{2pt}
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rule{2cm}{1pt}
+\series default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a sentence
+\begin_inset Formula $\rule[-2ex]{3cm}{2pt}\rule{2cm}{1pt}$
+\end_inset
+
+ with two lines.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rule
+\series default
+ can also be used for text when a line is inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Horizontal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a sentence
+\begin_inset CommandInset line
+LatexCommand rule
+offset "0.5ex"
+width "3cm"
+height "1pt"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with one line.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Ellipses
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Ellipses"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Ellipses"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ellipses
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
In the math toolbar in the submenu of the button
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math/ldots.png
ldots
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! L ! \\textbackslash ldots"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! L !
+\backslash
+ldots
+\end_layout
\end_inset
cdots
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! C ! \\textbackslash cdots"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! C !
+\backslash
+cdots
+\end_layout
\end_inset
dots
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! D ! \\textbackslash dots"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! D !
+\backslash
+dots
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
A_1
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A_{1},\dots,A_{n}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
A_1
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A_{1}+\dots+A_{n}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
A_1
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A_{1},\ldots,A_{n}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
A_1
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A_{1}+\cdots+A_{n}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
vdots
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\vdots$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ddots
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\ddots$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-3×3\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+iddots
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\iddots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3×3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
matrix with the different dots
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc}
A_{11} & \cdots & A_{1m}\\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\
-A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm}\end{array}$
+A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm}
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
The ellipses available in menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special\InsetSpace ~
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Character
\family default
are
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
+To use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+iddots
+\series default
+, one of the options
+\family sans
+Use mathdots package (automatically)
+\family default
+ must be set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Using the option
+\family sans
+Use mathdots package
+\family default
+ will improve the appearance of all dots in the documents if their font
+ style or size is not the default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
Specially for matrices there are ellipses that span over several columns.
They are created with the command
\series bold
hdotsfor
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! H ! \\textbackslash hdotsfor"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! H !
+\backslash
+hdotsfor
+\end_layout
\end_inset
dots
\series default
:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
\left(\begin{array}{cccc}
A & B & C & D\\
\hdotsfor[2]{4}\\
-q & w & e & r\end{array}\right)\]
+q & w & e & r
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
dotfill
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! D ! \\textbackslash dotfill"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! D !
+\backslash
+dotfill
+\end_layout
\end_inset
hfill
\series default
, see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Variable-Space"
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
hrulefill
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! H ! \\textbackslash hrulefill"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! H !
+\backslash
+hrulefill
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Matrices
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sec:Matrices"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Matrices"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Matrices
+\end_layout
\end_inset
Matrix
\family default
.
- You will be asked for the number of matrix columns and rows, and the alignment.
+ In the matrix dialog you can specify the number of columns and rows, the
+ alignment and the decoration.
The vertical alignment is hereby only of importance for matrices in inline
formulas:
\end_layout
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[t]{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
-C & F & I & L\end{array}$
+C & F & I & L
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
, the second middle
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
-C & F & I & L\end{array}$
+C & F & I & L
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
-, and the third bottom
+ and the third bottom
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[b]{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
-C & F & I & L\end{array}$
+C & F & I & L
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
aligned.
\emph on
c
\emph default
- centered, and
+ centered and
\emph on
r
\emph default
\series bold
×
\series default
-4\InsetSpace ~
+4
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
matrix where the first column is left aligned, the second and third are
- centered, and the last one is right aligned, one enters for the horizontal
+ centered and the last one is right aligned, one enters for the horizontal
alignment
\series bold
lccr
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{lll}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
-C & F & 10000\end{array}$
+C & F & 10000
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
-C & F & 10000\end{array}$
+C & F & 10000
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{rrr}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
-C & F & 10000\end{array}$
+C & F & 10000
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-, etc.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+, etc.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
, or the menu
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\family default
can be used.
New rows can also be created with
-\family sans
-Ctrl-Return
-\family default
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
.
\end_layout
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-Parentheses around a matrix can can either be created with the commands
+The
+\family sans
+Decoration
+\family default
+ adds parentheses in the selected style around the matrix.
+ Alternatively, parentheses can can either be created with the commands
\series bold
left
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! L ! \\textbackslash left"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! L !
+\backslash
+left
+\end_layout
\end_inset
right
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! R ! \\textbackslash right"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! R !
+\backslash
+right
+\end_layout
\end_inset
(shortcut
\family sans
-Alt-m\InsetSpace ~
-parenthesis
+Alt+M
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Parenthesis
\family default
), see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bmatrix
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\series bold
×
\series default
-2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
matrix
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Bmatrix
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\series bold
×
\series default
-2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
matrix
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
pmatrix
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\series bold
×
\series default
-2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
matrix
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
vmatrix
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\series bold
×
\series default
-2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
matrix
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Vmatrix
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\series bold
×
\series default
-2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
matrix
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
matrix
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\series bold
×
\series default
-2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
matrix
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-When e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
+When e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
\series bold
\series default
is inserted, a blue box appears between two vertical lines where the matrix
is inserted.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Note that decorated matrices ignore the vertical alignment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ LaTeX limits the number of matrix columns with decorations to 10.
+ If you need more than 10
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+columns, you have to add this line to the document preamble:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{number}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+where
+\emph on
+number
+\emph default
+ is the number of columns between 11 and 99.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
arraycolsep
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! A ! \\textbackslash arraycolsep"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! A !
+\backslash
+arraycolsep
+\end_layout
\end_inset
that is described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Column-Separation"
\end_inset
arraystretch
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! A ! \\textbackslash arraystretch"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! A !
+\backslash
+arraystretch
+\end_layout
\end_inset
renewcommand{
\backslash
arraystretch}{stretch factor}
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! R ! \\textbackslash renewcommand"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! R !
+\backslash
+renewcommand
+\end_layout
\end_inset
arraystretch
\series default
.
- To double e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
+ To double e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
the row separation, use the factor 2.
This is then used for all following matrices.
To go back to the original separation, assign the factor 1 to
smallmatrix
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! S ! \\textbackslash smallmatrix"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+smallmatrix
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
This is a matrix
\begin_inset Formula $\left(\begin{smallmatrix}A & B\\
-C & D\end{smallmatrix}\right)$
+C & D
+\end{smallmatrix}\right)$
\end_inset
in a text line.
\begin_layout Section
Brackets and Delimiters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Brackets"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Brackets
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Delimiters"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Delimiters
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Vertical Brackets and Delimiters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Brackets ! vertical"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Brackets ! vertical
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
(
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $($
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
{
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\{$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
[
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $[$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
langle
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\langle$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
lceil
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\lceil$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
lfloor
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\lfloor$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
/
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $/$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $|$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
)
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $)$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
]
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $]$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
rangle
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\rangle$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
rceil
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\rceil$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
rfloor
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\rfloor$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\backslash$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
|
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\|$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
Note:
textbackslash
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! T ! \\textbackslash textbackslash"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! T !
+\backslash
+textbackslash
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Manual Bracket Size
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Manual-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Bracket size ! manual"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bracket size ! manual
+\end_layout
\end_inset
big
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! B ! \\textbackslash big"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! B !
+\backslash
+big
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\backslash
bigg
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
\backslash
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
all brackets in the same size:
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $((A+B)(A-B))^{C}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
this looks better:
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Big((A+B)(A-B)\Big)^{C}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\newpage
Besides the
\series bold
bigm
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! B ! \\textbackslash bigm"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! B !
+\backslash
+bigm
+\end_layout
\end_inset
bigr
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! B ! \\textbackslash bigl - \\textbackslash bigr"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! B !
+\backslash
+bigl -
+\backslash
+bigr
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Bigm(
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Bigm(\bigm(\ln(3x)\bigm)^{2}\Bigm)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Big(
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Big(\big(\ln(3x)\big)^{2}\Big)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Bigl(
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Bigl(\bigl(\ln(3x)\bigr)^{2}\Bigr)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigl)
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\bigl)\ln(3x)\bigr(\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Automatic Bracket Size
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Bracket size ! automatic"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bracket size ! automatic
+\end_layout
\end_inset
left
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! L ! \\textbackslash left"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! L !
+\backslash
+left
+\end_layout
\end_inset
right
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! R ! \\textbackslash right"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! R !
+\backslash
+right
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
)
\series default
creates
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln(\frac{A}{C})\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\ln(\frac{A}{C})
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
right)
\series default
creates
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
the shortcut
\family sans
-Alt-m\InsetSpace ~
-bracket
+Alt+M
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bracket
\family default
can be used.
This has the advantage that you can see in LyX immediately the real bracket
size and that the matching right bracket will be created too.
-\newline
-The command
- for the last example would then be:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The command for the last example would then be:
\series bold
\backslash
-ln Alt-m
+ln Alt+M
\series default
\series bold
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
creates:
\series bold
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} \]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\}
+\]
\end_inset
middle
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! M ! \\textbackslash middle"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! M !
+\backslash
+middle
+\end_layout
\end_inset
is additionally available for all brackets and limits.
With this command the height of the following character is adapted to the
- one of the surrounding brackets, what is e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
+ one of the surrounding brackets, what is e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
needed for physical vectors:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle
+\]
\end_inset
For physical vectors there is a special LaTeX-package, described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Physical-Vectors"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Brackets
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Brackets ! horizontal"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Brackets ! horizontal
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! O ! \\textbackslash overbrace"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! O !
+\backslash
+overbrace
+\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\overbrace{A+B}^{3}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! U ! \\textbackslash underbrace"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! U !
+\backslash
+underbrace
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\underbrace{A+B}_{5}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
overbrace
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\overbrace{\underbrace{A+B_{w}}_{7}}^{C}$
\end_inset
When brackets are needed that overlap each other, multiline formulas, as
described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas"
\end_inset
, must be used:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\\
- & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s}\end{eqnarray*}
+ & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s}
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Space commands are explained in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Predefined-Space"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
because a bracket is not handled as character, see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Binary-Operators"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
more about
\series bold
hphantom
\series default
see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Placeholders"
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
& & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\overbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}^{s}\\
-A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\end{eqnarray*}
+A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX-bug #1505"
+target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1505"
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-href{http://bugzilla.lyx.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1505}{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-LyX-bug #1505
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+.
+ As solution for the problem, the global formula row separation
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+jot
+\series default
-.
- As solution for the problem, the global formula row separation
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! J !
\backslash
jot
-\series default
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! J ! \\textbackslash jot"
+\end_inset
+ must be changed to -6
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
- must be changed to -6\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
pt before the formula with the command
\series bold
\backslash
jot
\series default
- is set back after the formula to the standard value of 3\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pt using the same
- command.
+ is set back after the formula to the standard value of 3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt using the same command.
More about the row separation in formulas is explained in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Line-Separation"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Arrows
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Arrows"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Arrows
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Arrows
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Arrows ! horizontal"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Arrows ! horizontal
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
gets
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Leftarrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Leftarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
longleftarrow
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\longleftarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Longleftarrow
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Longleftarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
leftharpoonup
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\leftharpoonup$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
leftharpoondown
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\leftharpoondown$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
hookleftarrow
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\hookleftarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
to
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Rightarrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Rightarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
longrightarrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\longrightarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Longrightarrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Longrightarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
rightharpoonup
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\rightharpoonup$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
rightharpoondown
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\rightharpoondown$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
hookrightarrow
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\hookrightarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
leftrightarrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\leftrightarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Leftrightarrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Leftrightarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
longleftrightarrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\longleftrightarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Longleftrightarrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Longleftrightarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
rightleftharpoons
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\rightleftharpoons$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 25pt
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-hspace{25pt}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-\hfill
-
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mapsto
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\mapsto$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
longmapsto
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\longmapsto$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
leadsto
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\leadsto$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dasharrow
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\dasharrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-Arrows used as accent like e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
+Arrows used as accent like e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
vector arrows are listed in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Accents"
\end_inset
\end_inset
Furthermore there are the labeled arrows
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Arrows ! labeled"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Arrows ! labeled
+\end_layout
\end_inset
xleftarrow
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! X ! \\textbackslash xleftarrow"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! X !
+\backslash
+xleftarrow
+\end_layout
\end_inset
xrightarrow
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! X ! \\textbackslash xrightarrow\\vspace{4mm}"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! X !
+\backslash
+xrightarrow
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
F(a)
\backslash
xleftarrow
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
F(x)
\backslash
xrightarrow
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Vertical and diagonal Arrows
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Arrows ! diagonal"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Arrows ! diagonal
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Arrows ! vertical"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Arrows ! vertical
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
uparrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\uparrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Uparrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Uparrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
updownarrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\updownarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Updownarrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Updownarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Downarrow
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Downarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
downarrow
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
nearrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\nearrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
searrow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\searrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
swarrow
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\swarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
nwarrow
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\nwarrow$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
Vertical arrows can be used also as delimiter together with the commands
described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Manual-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\newpage
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
Accents
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sec:Accents"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Accents"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Accents
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
accents in text see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Accents-in-Text"
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}{}
\end_layout
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
\backslash
-texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
+texorpdfstring
+\series default
+ is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
More about
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-texorpdfstring is in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+texorpdfstring
+\series default
+ is in section
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Accents-for-one"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Accents ! for one character"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Accents ! for one character
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dot
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dot{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ddot
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddot{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dddot
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dddot{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ddddot
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-ddddot{A
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddddot{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
vec
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
A
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Vectors"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Vectors
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\vec{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bar
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\bar{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathring
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\mathring{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
tilde
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\tilde{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
hat
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\hat{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
check
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\check{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
acute
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\acute{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
grave
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\grave{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
breve
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\breve{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-To create umlauts
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Umlauts"
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can directly insert accents like é to formulas.
+ LyX will transform them to the corresponding accent command.
+ For umlauts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Umlauts
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- in formulas, a quotation mark is inserted before the vowel.
+ it is better to insert a quotation mark before the vowel.
These two characters are then treated by LaTeX as
\emph on
one
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
raisebox
\series default
- is only used as spacer.
+ and the 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt space are only used as spacer.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\lang ngerman
\begin_inset Quotes grd
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 0pt
+\end_inset
+
\lang ngerman
+
\begin_inset Formula $"i$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ddot
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddot{i}$
\end_inset
.
To convert an accented character to mathematical text, only the character
under the accent may be converted.
- This applies also for all other conversions, e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
+ This applies also for all other conversions, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
to italic or bold.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Accents for Operators
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Accents ! for operators"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Accents ! for operators
+\end_layout
\end_inset
overset
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! O ! \\textbackslash overset"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! O !
+\backslash
+overset
+\end_layout
\end_inset
underset
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! U ! \\textbackslash underset"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! U !
+\backslash
+underset
+\end_layout
\end_inset
sideset
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! S ! \\textbackslash sideset"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+sideset
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
n
\series default
produces:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
a
\series default
produces:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\overset{a}{\maltese}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\overset{a}{\maltese}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Accents for several Characters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Accents-for-several"
-
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Accents ! for several characters"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Accents ! for several characters
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
overleftarrow
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overleftarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
underleftarrow
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underleftarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
overleftrightarrow
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overleftrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
underleftrightarrow
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underleftrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
overrightarrow
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
underrightarrow
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
widetilde
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\widetilde{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
widehat
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\widehat{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\series default
will only be set in the output with a length of three characters, as shown
in the following example:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\widetilde{A+B=C-D}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\widetilde{A+B=C-D}
+\]
\end_inset
overset
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! O ! \\textbackslash overset"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! O !
+\backslash
+overset
+\end_layout
\end_inset
underset
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! U ! \\textbackslash underset"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! U !
+\backslash
+underset
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
***
\series default
creates:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\underset{***}{A=B}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\underset{***}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Space
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Space"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Space ! horizontal"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Space ! horizontal
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Predefined Space
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Predefined-Space"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Space ! horizontal ! predefined"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Space ! horizontal ! predefined
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Sometimes it is necessary to insert horizontal space to a formula.
This is done by inserting a protected space (shortcut
-\family sans
-Ctrl-Space
-\family default
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "space-insert protected"
+\end_inset
+
).
- A blue
+ A
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\series bold
\color blue
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-\series default
\color inherit
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="7">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" leftline="true" width="6.8cm">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="6.8cm">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
,
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
:
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
;
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
quad
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
qquad
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
!
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Number of
\family sans
Space
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
0
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
2
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
3
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
4
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
5
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A\, B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A\: B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A\; B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A\quad B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A\qquad B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A\! B$
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" leftline="true" width="6.8cm">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="6.8cm">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
negmedspace
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
negthickspace
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Number of
\family sans
Space
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
6
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
7
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A\negmedspace B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A\negthickspace B$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Negative spaces can lead to characters overlapping each other.
- Thus they can be used to enforce ligatures, what is e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
-useful for summation
- operators:
+ Thus they can be used to enforce ligatures, what is e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+useful for summation operators:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
sum
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sum\sum f_{kl}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
sum
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sum\negmedspace\sum f_{kl}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
normal equation
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A=B$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A{=}B$
\end_inset
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Thin\InsetSpace ~
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Space
\family default
(shortcut
-\family sans
-Ctrl-Shift-Space
-\family default
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "space-insert thin"
+\end_inset
+
).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
24 kW
\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
space between value and unit
\end_layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-24\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
kW
\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
smallest space between value and unit
\end_layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
for vertical space in formulas see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Line-Separation"
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}{}
\end_layout
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
More about
\backslash
texorpdfstring is in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Variable-Space"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Space ! horizontal ! variable"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Space ! horizontal ! variable
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Space with a defined length can be inserted in LyX with the command
-\newline
-
+Space with a defined length can be inserted with the command
\series bold
\backslash
-hspace{length}
+hspace
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! H ! \\textbackslash hspace"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! H !
+\backslash
+hspace
+\end_layout
\end_inset
.
- For the length all units listed in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "tab:Used-units"
+ Then a long
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\color blue
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+\color inherit
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- are allowed, except of the unit
+ appears.
+ The length can be specified by left-clicking on the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-mu
+
+\color blue
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\color inherit
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
hfill
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! H ! \\textbackslash hfill"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! H !
+\backslash
+hfill
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command (
+\backslash
+hspace length)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
A=B
\backslash
-hspace{3cm
+hspace
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
A
\backslash
-not=C
+not=C (3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cm)
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A=B\hspace{3cm}A\not=C$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
A
\backslash
-hspace{-1mm
+hspace
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
A
\backslash
-not=A
+not=A (-1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+mm)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A\hspace{-1mm}A\not=A$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
A=A
\backslash
hfill
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $A=A\hfill B=B$
\end_inset
\backslash
hfill
\series default
- has only an effect on displayed formulas when the formula style
+ only has an effect on displayed formulas when the formula style
\series bold
Indented
\series default
is used.
(Formula styles are explained in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The commands
+Besides
\series bold
\backslash
-hspace
+hfill
\series default
- and
+, there are the commands
\series bold
\backslash
-hfill
+dotfill
\series default
- can also be inserted in TeX-mode to use them for text:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a line with
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+ and
+\series bold
\backslash
-hspace{2cm}
-\end_layout
+hrulefill
+\series default
+ that fill the space with a pattern, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Ellipses"
\end_inset
-2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-cm space.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a line with
-\hfill
-maximum space.
+ for an example.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the last example
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-hfill
-\series default
- was inserted via the menu
+For text, variable space can be inserted via the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Horizontal\InsetSpace ~
-Fill
+Horizontal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
\family default
-, what is not possible in formulas.
- This has the advantage that one can directly see in LyX that this is a
- stretch space.
+:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When the commands are at the begin of a text line but not at the beginning
- of a paragraph, they will be ignored by LaTeX.
- To avoid that, the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-hspace*
-\series default
- is used instead of
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-hspace
-\series default
-.
- To get the same with
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-hfill
-\series default
-, a line break and an empty placeholder
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-for placeholders see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Placeholders"
-
+This is a line with
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 2cm
\end_inset
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+cm space.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a line with
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-
-\series default
- is inserted in TeX-mode with the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-vphantom{}
-\series default
-before
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-hfill
-\series default
-.
-
+maximum space.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Space besides inline Formulas
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Space ! besides inline formulas"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Space ! besides inline formulas
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\backslash
mathsurround
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! M ! \\textbackslash mathsurround"
+\series default
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! M !
+\backslash
+mathsurround
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\series default
.
The value of a length is set with the command
\series bold
\backslash
setlength
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! S ! \\textbackslash setlength"
+\series default
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+setlength
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\series default
that has the following scheme:
\end_layout
\backslash
mathsurround
\series default
- to the value 5\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+ to the value 5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
mm, the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
is inserted in TeX-mode.
- 5\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+ 5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
mm space will now be set around all inline formulas:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset Formula $A=B$
\end_inset
- with 5\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+ with 5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
mm surrounding space.
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\backslash
mathsurround
\series default
- is set to the value 0\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+ is set to the value 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
pt.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Boxes and Frames
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Boxes"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Boxes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Frames | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Boxes
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Frames | see {Boxes}"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\family default
in the
\family typewriter
-Embedded\InsetSpace ~
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Objects
\family default
manual.
\begin_layout Subsection
Boxes with Frame
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Boxes-with-Frame"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Boxes ! with frame"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Boxes ! with frame
+\end_layout
\end_inset
fbox
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! F ! \\textbackslash fbox"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! F !
+\backslash
+fbox
+\end_layout
\end_inset
boxed
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! B ! \\textbackslash boxed"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! B !
+\backslash
+boxed
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\series default
an additional formula has to be created by
\family sans
-Ctrl-m
-\family default
- within this box
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Due to a bug in LyX it is not possible to create a new formula with
-\family sans
-Ctrl-m
+Ctrl+M
\family default
-, see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-href{http://bugzilla.lyx.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1435}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-LyX-bug #1435
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-, because the box content will otherwise be treated as mathematical text.
+ within this box, because the box content will otherwise be treated as mathemati
+cal text.
When
\series bold
\backslash
fbox
\series default
- is not suitable to frame displayed formulas, because the formula will always
+ is not suitable to frame displayed formulas because the formula will always
be set in the size of the text.
\series bold
framebox
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! F ! \\textbackslash framebox"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! F !
+\backslash
+framebox
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\emph default
right aligns the formula in the box.
When no position is given, the formula will be centered.
-\newline
-Is no width given,
- also no position can be given.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Is no width given, also no position can be given.
In this case the frame width is adjusted to the box content like for
\series bold
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The table has been set into a minipage to make the footnote appearing.
- Otherwise the footnote text would not be displayed.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Box Frameless
-position "c"
-hor_pos "c"
-has_inner_box 1
-inner_pos "c"
-use_parbox 0
-width "100col%"
-special "none"
-height "1in"
-height_special "totalheight"
-status open
-
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Due to a bug in LyX it is not possible to create a new formula with
-\family sans
-Ctrl-m
-\family default
-, see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-href{http://bugzilla.lyx.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1435}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-LyX-bug #1435
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
fbox
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\family sans
-Ctrl-m
+Ctrl+M
\family default
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \raisebox{6mm}{}\fbox{$\int A=B$}\raisebox{-4mm}{}
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fbox{\ensuremath{\int A=B}}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
boxed
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{8.5mm}{}\boxed{\int A=B}\raisebox{-6.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
A+
\backslash
fbox
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}A+\fbox{B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
framebox
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\family sans
-Ctrl-m
+Ctrl+M
\family default
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\framebox[20mm]{$\frac{A}{B}$}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\framebox[20mm][]{\ensuremath{\frac{A}{B}}}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boxed{A+B=C}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\boxed{A+B=C}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_layout Subsection
Boxes without Frame
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Boxes-without-Frame"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Boxes ! without frame"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Boxes ! without frame
+\end_layout
\end_inset
mbox
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! M ! \\textbackslash mbox"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! M !
+\backslash
+mbox
+\end_layout
\end_inset
makebox
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! M ! \\textbackslash makebox"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! M !
+\backslash
+makebox
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-, and
+ and
\series bold
\backslash
raisebox
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! R ! \\textbackslash raisebox"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! R !
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\end_layout
\end_inset
fbox
\series default
.
+
+\series medium
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ For
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ this extra formula is created by pressing
+\family sans
+Ctrl+M
+\family default
+ twice instead of once because LyX doesn't yet support
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ directly.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
H
\backslash
raisebox{2mm
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $H\raisebox{2mm}{al}lo$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
H
\backslash
raisebox{-2mm
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $H\raisebox{-2mm}{al}lo$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
A=
\backslash
raisebox{-2mm
\backslash
{
\family sans
-Ctrl-m
+Ctrl+M
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+Ctrl+M
\family default
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-$A=
-\backslash
-raisebox{-2mm}{$
-\backslash
-sqrt{B}$}$
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A=\raisebox{-2mm}{\mbox{\ensuremath{\sqrt{B}}}}$
+\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The last formula can currently only be created using TeX-mode because LyX
- inserts a box instead of the needed extra formula.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-href{http://bugzilla.lyx.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1435}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-LyX-bug #1435
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Subsection
Colored Boxes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Colored-Boxes"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Boxes ! colored"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Boxes ! colored
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
The LaTeX-package
\series bold
color
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! color"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! color
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
When text is colored somewhere in the document with a predefined color,
LyX loads the LaTeX-package
\series bold
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
To avoid that the package is loaded twice, a macro was inserted to the LaTeX-pre
amble.
\end_layout
colorbox
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! C ! \\textbackslash colorbox"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! C !
+\backslash
+colorbox
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\series default
can also be part of another box (see the 2nd and 3rd example).
When the box should contain a formula, an extra formula has to be created,
- the same as for
+ the same way as for
\series bold
\backslash
-fbox
+raisebox
\series default
.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
This also applies for the command
\series bold
\backslash
fcolorbox
\series default
-.
- Thereby note
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-href{http://bugzilla.lyx.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1435}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-LyX-bug #1435
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
.
\end_layout
\series bold
white
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
yellow
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
colorbox{yellow
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\colorbox{yellow}{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
colorbox{green
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\colorbox{green}{\fbox{A=B}}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
fbox
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\backslash
-{A=B
+{
+\family sans
+Ctrl+M
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+Ctrl+M
+\family default
+
+\backslash
+int
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C=D
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fbox{\colorbox{green}{A=B}}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\fbox{\colorbox{green}{\mbox{\ensuremath{\int C=D}}}}\raisebox{-5mm}{}$
\end_inset
To color all characters, the whole formula is highlighted and the wanted
color is chosen in the
\family sans
-Text\InsetSpace ~
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Style
\family default
dialog.
or the menu
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\InsetSpace ~
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Customized
\family default
\begin_layout Standard
\color red
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A=B\label{eq:red}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\int A=B\label{eq:red}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\color green
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Formula
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:red"
\end_inset
is completely colored red.
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
Formula
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:redgreen"
\end_inset
fcolorbox
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! F ! \\textbackslash fcolorbox"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! F !
+\backslash
+fcolorbox
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_layout Standard
This formula was created with the command
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
\series bold
0.5}
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! D ! \\textbackslash definecolor"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! D !
+\backslash
+definecolor
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\series bold
yellow
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
black
\series default
.
The four comma separated numbers are the portion factor for the corresponding
colors of the color space.
- The factors can be in the range of 0\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
--\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+ The factors can be in the range of 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
1.
Instead of
\series bold
\series bold
green
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
blue
\series default
yellow
\series default
:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
textcolor
\series default
:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Text ! colored"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Text ! colored
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
textcolor
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! T ! \\textbackslash textcolor"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! T !
+\backslash
+textcolor
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Paragraph Boxes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Paragraph-Boxes"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Boxes ! as paragraph"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Boxes ! as paragraph
+\end_layout
\end_inset
has_inner_box 1
inner_pos "t"
use_parbox 1
+use_makebox 0
width "5cm"
special "none"
height "1in"
height_special "totalheight"
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
This is a paragraph box.
- It is exactly 5\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+ It is exactly 5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
cm long and can also contain formulas:
\begin_inset Formula $\int A\,\mathrm{d}s=C$
\end_inset
\emph on
Width
\emph default
-: 5\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+: 5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
cm,
\emph on
Vertical Box Alignment
parbox
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! P ! \\textbackslash parbox"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! P !
+\backslash
+parbox
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\emph default
of the
\emph on
-Embedded\InsetSpace ~
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Objects
\emph default
manual for examples.
\backslash
linewidth
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! L ! \\textbackslash linewidth"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\series default
- is hereby the line width set for the document.
- Because the frame is outside the parbox, 2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-times the frame separation and
- the frame thickness must be subtracted from the line width.
- As this is not automatically done by LyX due to a bug
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! L !
\backslash
-href{http://bugzilla.lyx.org/show_bug.cgi?id=4483}{
+linewidth
\end_layout
\end_inset
-LyX-bug #4483
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+ is hereby the line width set for the document.
+ Because the frame is outside the parbox, 2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+times the frame separation and the frame thickness must be subtracted from
+ the line width.
+ As this is not automatically done by LyX due to a bug
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-}
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX-bug #4483"
+target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/4483"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
calc
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! calc"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! calc
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}}
\end_layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
tag
\series default
see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:User-defined-Numbering"
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}}
\backslash
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
When the formula style
\series bold
Indented
\series default
.
(formula styles see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- Then the description follows as normal text, and finally
+ Then the description follows as normal text and finally
\series bold
}}
\backslash
\end_inset
using the mathematical textmode:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Operators
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Operators"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Operators
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Big Operators
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Big-Operators"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Operators ! big"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Operators ! big
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Sums"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Sums
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Integrals"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Integrals
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\family default
must be set in the document settings under
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Options
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-sum
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! S ! \\textbackslash sum"
+int
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! I !
+\backslash
+int
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\int$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-int
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! I ! \\textbackslash int"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+oint
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\int$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\oint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-intop
+ointctrclockwise
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\intop$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\ointctrclockwise$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-oint
+ointclockwise
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\oint$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\ointclockwise$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-ointop
+sqint
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\ointop$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-ointctrclockwise
+fint
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\ointctrclockwise$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\fint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-ointclockwise
+landupint
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\ointclockwise$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\landupint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-sqint
+landdownint
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqint$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\landdownint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigcap
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\bigcap$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigcup
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\bigcup$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+sum
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+sum
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+prod
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! P !
\backslash
prod
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! P ! \\textbackslash prod"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\prod$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
coprod
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\coprod$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigodot
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\bigodot$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigotimes
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\bigotimes$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigoplus
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\bigoplus$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigwedge
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\bigwedge$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigvee
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\bigvee$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigsqcup
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\bigsqcup$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
biguplus
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\biguplus$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The operators
+For all integral operators there is a second version available, ending on
+
+\series bold
+op
+\series default
+:
\series bold
\backslash
intop
\series default
- and
+,
\series bold
\backslash
ointop
\series default
- are different from
+ etc..
+ These operators are different from
\series bold
\backslash
int
\series default
- and
-\series bold
+ etc.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-oint
-\series default
-, resp.\InsetSpace ~
in the style the operator limits are displayed, see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Operator-Limits"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Advices for Integrals
+Advice for Integrals
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
d
\emph default
and using the keyboard shortcut
-\family sans
-Alt-c\InsetSpace ~
-r
-\family default
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-roman"
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Font styles
\series bold
\series default
see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Font-Styles"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\newline
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
-\backslash
-hphantom{in}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+in
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
iint
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
oiint
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\oiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
sqiint
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
iiint
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
iiiint
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iiiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dotsint
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\dotsint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Operator Limits
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Operator-Limits"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Operators ! Limits"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Operators ! Limits
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
prod^
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\prod_{0}^{\infty}A(x)\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Limits of inline formulas are set right beside the operator.
Limits in displayed formulas are set above or below the operator, except
- of integral limits.
+ for integral limits.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family default
\series default
(shortcut
-\family sans
-Alt-m\InsetSpace ~
-l
-\family default
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-limits"
+\end_inset
+
).
An example:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The default limits type is this:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\family default
\series default
:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
-For integrals, except of
+For integrals, except those ending with
+\series bold
+op
+\series default
+ like
\series bold
\backslash
intop
\series default
- and
+,
\series bold
\backslash
ointop
\series default
-, the limits are by default set beside the operator.
+ etc., the limits are by default set beside the operator.
But for multiple integrals the limits are often set below the operator.
In the following example the limits type was therefore set to
\series bold
Display
\series default
and so set below the integrals:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
subarray
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! S ! \\textbackslash subarray"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+subarray
+\end_layout
\end_inset
substack
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! S ! \\textbackslash substack"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+substack
+\end_layout
\end_inset
are used.
To create for example this expression
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
\sum_{\begin{subarray}{c}
0<k<1000\\
-\\k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}\end{equation}
+\\
+k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
+\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
the following has to be done:
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
First the command
\series bold
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
The blue box is now within a purple box and now several lines can be written
among each other.
A new line is created by inserting a line break (
-\family sans
-Ctrl-Return
-\family default
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
).
When now
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
\series bold
-0<k<1000 Ctrl-Return
-\newline
+0<k<1000 Ctrl+Return
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
\series default
is typed in, a new box appears below for the new line.
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
Like in formula
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:substack"
\end_inset
hss #1
\backslash
hss}}
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
\backslash
def
mathpalette
\backslash
mathclapinternal}
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
\backslash
def
mathclap
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! M ! \\textbackslash mathclap"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! M !
+\backslash
+mathclap
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+ that sets the width of the limit to 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
- that sets the width of the limit to 0\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
pt.
The command scheme is
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Applied on formula
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:substack"
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-0<k<1000 Ctrl-Enter
+0<k<1000 Ctrl+Return
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
to create the lower limit.
The summand is now directly behind the summation operator:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
\sum_{\mathclap{\substack{0<k<1000\\
-\\k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}}
-}}^{n}k^{-2}\]
+\\
+k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
+}
+}}^{n}k^{-2}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
How to use one limit for several operators is described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Self-defined-Operators"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Binary Operators
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Binary-Operators"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Operators ! binary"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Operators ! binary
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $+$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $-$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
pm
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\pm$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mp
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\mp$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
cdot
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
times
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\times$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
div
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\div$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $*$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
star
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\star$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
circ
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\circ$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
diamond
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\diamond$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bullet
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\bullet$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
nabla
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\nabla$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigtriangledown
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\bigtriangledown$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigtriangleup
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\bigtriangleup$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Box
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Box$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
cap
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\cap$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
cup
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\cup$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dagger
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\dagger$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ddagger
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\ddagger$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
wr
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\wr$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigcirc
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\bigcirc$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
wedge
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\wedge$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
vee
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\vee$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
oplus
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\oplus$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ominus
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\ominus$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
otimes
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\otimes$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
oslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\oslash$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
odot
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\odot$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
amalg
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\amalg$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
uplus
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\uplus$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
setminus
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\setminus$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
sqcap
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\sqcap$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
sqcup
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\sqcup$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
triangleleft
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\triangleleft$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
triangleright
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\triangleright$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Self-defined Operators
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Self-defined-Operators"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Operators ! self-defined"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Operators ! self-defined
+\end_layout
\end_inset
DeclareMathOperator
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! D ! \\textbackslash dbinom@\\textbackslash DeclareMathOperator"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! D !
+\backslash
+dbinom@
+\backslash
+DeclareMathOperator
+\end_layout
\end_inset
in the output.
To define a big operator a * is set behind the command.
All self-defined big operators can have limits as described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Operator-Limits"
\end_inset
Lozenge
\series default
, that inserts a big operator consisting of the lozenge symbol from
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Miscellaneous-Symbols"
\end_inset
:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}
+\]
\end_inset
mathop
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! M ! \\textbackslash mathop"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! M !
+\backslash
+mathop
+\end_layout
\end_inset
mathbin
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! M ! \\textbackslash mathbin"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! M !
+\backslash
+mathbin
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\backslash
mathop
\series default
- can e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
+ can e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
be used to use one limit for several operators:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The command for the formula above is:
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
\series bold
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_layout Section
Fonts
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Fonts"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Fonts
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Font Styles
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Font-Styles"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Font ! style"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font ! style
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
shortcut
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathbb
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\mathbb{ABC}$
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Alt-c c
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-noun"
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathbf
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{AbC}$
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Alt-c b
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-bold"
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
boldsymbol
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\boldsymbol{AbC}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
--
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-boldsymbol"
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathcal
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{ABC}$
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Alt-c e
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-emph"
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathfrak
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{AbC}$
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+mathscr
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+AbC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{AbC}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
shortcut
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathit
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{AbC}$
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathrm
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{AbC}$
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Alt-c r
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-roman"
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathsf
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{AbC}$
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Alt-c s
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-sans"
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathtt
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{AbC}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Alt-c p
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-typewriter"
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
Note:
\begin_layout Standard
The style commands work also for letters in mathematical constructs:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-href{http://bugzilla.lyx.org/show_bug.cgi?id=4091}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-LyX-bug #4091
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX-bug #4629"
+target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/4629"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Bold Formulas
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Bold-Formulas"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! bold"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! bold
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}
+\]
\end_inset
boldsymbol
\series default
is used:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
boldmath
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! B ! \\textbackslash boldmath"
+\series default
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! B !
+\backslash
+boldmath
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\series default
in TeX-mode.
To end the environment, the command
\series bold
\backslash
unboldmath
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! U ! \\textbackslash unboldmath"
+\series default
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! U !
+\backslash
+unboldmath
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\series default
is inserted in TeX-mode.
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Font Sizes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Font-Sizes"
-
-\end_inset
-
+Colored Formulas
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Font ! size"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! colored
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For characters in formulas there are, analog to characters in text, the
- following size commands:
+Formulas can be colored like normal text: Highlight a formula or a formula
+ part and use the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ Here is a formula in magenta:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+You can also define your own colors as described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Colored-Boxes"
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-Huge
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-huge
-\series default
-,
+.
+ They can be used with the TeX code command
\series bold
\backslash
-LARGE
+textcolor
\series default
-,
-\series bold
-\backslash
-Large
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! T !
\backslash
-large
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
+textcolor
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-normalsize
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-small
-\series default
-,
-\newline
+ in the scheme
+\end_layout
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-footnotesize
-\series default
-,
\series bold
\backslash
-scriptsize
-\series default
-, and
-\series bold
+textcolor{color}{characters or formula}
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-tiny
+\begin_layout Standard
+The following example was colored completely dark green and partly red:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The size produced by the commands depends on the document font size, that
- corresponds with the command
-\series bold
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-normalsize
-\series default
-.
- The other commands produce smaller or larger sizes than
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-normalsize
-\series default
-.
- The font size can however not exceed a certain value.
- Is for example the document font size 12\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pt, the command
-\series bold
\backslash
-Huge
-\series default
- switches to the same size as
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-huge
-\series default
-.
-
+textcolor{darkgreen}{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A size command is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula and sets the size
- for all following formula and text characters.
- To switch back to the initial size, the command
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-normalsize
-\series default
- is inserted behind the formula in TeX-mode.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Within a formula the size can only be changed for symbols or letters in
- mathematical text.
- To do this, the size command is inserted in mathematical text.
- All following characters until the end of the mathematical text or until
- another size command will have the selected size.
- Two examples:
-\begin_inset VSpace -2mm
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\]
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-huge
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese\]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Due to a bug in LyX only complete formulas can be colored with self-defined
+ colors.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX-bug #5269"
+target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/5269"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\]
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Font Sizes
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Font-Sizes"
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-normalsize
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font ! size
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
+For characters in formulas there are, analog to characters in text, the
+ following size commands:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
-Before both formulas the command
\series bold
\backslash
-huge
+Huge
\series default
- was inserted.
- The command for the second formula is:
-\newline
-
+,
\series bold
\backslash
-maltese
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+huge
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
+\backslash
+LARGE
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+\backslash
+Large
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+large
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+normalsize
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
-A Alt-m m
\backslash
-Large
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+small
+\series default
+,
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
+footnotesize
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+\backslash
+scriptsize
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
\backslash
-maltese
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+tiny
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+The size produced by the commands depends on the document font size, that
+ corresponds with the command
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+normalsize
+\series default
+.
+ The other commands produce smaller or larger sizes than
+\series bold
+\backslash
+normalsize
+\series default
+.
+ The font size can however not exceed a certain value.
+ Is for example the document font size 12
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+pt, the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Huge
+\series default
+ switches to the same size as
+\series bold
\backslash
-textit
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+huge
+\series default
+.
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+A size command is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula and sets the size
+ for all following formula and text characters.
+ To switch back to the initial size, the command
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
+normalsize
+\series default
+ is inserted behind the formula in TeX-mode.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands:
+\end_layout
-A
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\newline
-
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
\backslash
-hspace*{1cm}
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Alt-m
-\series default
-
-\series bold
-m
-\backslash
-tiny
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-maltese
-\begin_inset ERT
+displaystyle
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! D !
\backslash
-spce
+displaystyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\backslash
-textit
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6.5mm}{}{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-5.5mm}{}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-A
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If a symbol cannot be displayed in different sizes, it will always be displayed
- in the default size.
+\backslash
+textstyle
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Greek Letters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Greek letters"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\textstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-All Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/alpha.png
- scale 85
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Small Letters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Small-Letters"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Greek letters ! small"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\hfill
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
-\end_layout
-
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-alpha
+scriptstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\scriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-3.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-beta
+scriptscriptstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\beta$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\scriptscriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-3.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-gamma
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+After entering these commands, a blue box appears in which the formula parts
+ are inserted.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\gamma$
+There is a further method to change the font size, that though only works
+ for symbols or letters in mathematical text.
+ To use it, one of the above text size commands is inserted in mathematical
+ text.
+ All following characters until the end of the mathematical text or until
+ another size command will have the selected size.
+ Two examples:
+\begin_inset VSpace -2mm
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-delta
+huge
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\delta$
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese
+\]
+
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}
+\]
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-epsilon
+normalsize
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
-\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Before both formulas the command
+\series bold
\backslash
-varepsilon
-\end_layout
-
+huge
+\series default
+ was inserted.
+ The command for the second formula is:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\varepsilon$
-\end_inset
+\series bold
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+maltese
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
-zeta
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\zeta$
-\end_inset
+A Alt+M M
+\backslash
+Large
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
-eta
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+maltese
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\eta$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
-theta
+textit
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\theta$
+A
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{}
+\length 1cm
+\end_inset
+
+Alt+M
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+M
\backslash
-vartheta
+tiny
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\vartheta$
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+maltese
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+textit
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\hfill
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+A
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Result
+If a symbol cannot be displayed in different sizes, it will always be displayed
+ in the default size.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Greek Letters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Greek letters
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/alpha.png
+ scale 85
-\backslash
-iota
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math
+ have to be typeset italic/slanted.
+ In some languages, like French or Russian, they are nevertheless sometimes
+ typeset upright.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Small Letters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Greek letters ! small
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\iota$
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-kappa
+alpha
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\kappa$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-varkappa
+beta
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\varkappa$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\beta$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-lambda
+gamma
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\gamma$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-mu
+delta
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mu$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\delta$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-nu
+epsilon
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\nu$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-xi
+varepsilon
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\xi$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\varepsilon$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-o
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+zeta
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $o$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\zeta$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-pi
+eta
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\eta$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-varpi
+theta
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\varpi$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\theta$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-rho
+vartheta
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\rho$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\vartheta$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-varrho
+iota
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\varrho$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\iota$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-sigma
+kappa
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\kappa$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-varsigma
+varkappa
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\varsigma$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\varkappa$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-tau
+lambda
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\tau$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-upsilon
+mu
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\upsilon$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mu$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-phi
+nu
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\phi$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\nu$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-varphi
+xi
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\varphi$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\xi$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-chi
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+o
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\chi$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $o$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-psi
+pi
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\psi$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-omega
+varpi
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\omega$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\varpi$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\hfill
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+rho
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-How to create upright Greek letters is explained in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek"
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\rho$
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Big Letters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Greek letters ! big"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Gamma
+varrho
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Gamma$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\varrho$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Delta
+sigma
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Delta$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Theta
+varsigma
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Theta$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\varsigma$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Lambda
+tau
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Lambda$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\tau$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Xi
+upsilon
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Xi$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\upsilon$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Pi
+phi
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Pi$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\phi$
\end_inset
-\hfill
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Sigma
+varphi
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Sigma$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\varphi$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Upsilon
+chi
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Upsilon$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\chi$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Phi
+psi
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Phi$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\psi$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Psi
+omega
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Psi$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\omega$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-Omega
-\end_layout
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Omega$
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-\hfill
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-That the big Greek letters appear upright is caused by a design bug when
- TeX was developed.
- To get correct italic big letters, begin every command with
-\series bold
-var
-\series default
-.
- For example the command
-\series bold
+How to create special upright Greek letters is explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek"
-\backslash
-varGamma
-\series default
- produces:
-\begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$
\end_inset
-
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Bold Letters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Greek letters ! bold"
+Big Letters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Greek letters ! big
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Greek letters cannot be set with different font styles like Latin letters.
- They can only be made bold with the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-boldsymbol
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! B ! \\textbackslash boldsymbol"
-
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Upsilon
-\backslash
-boldsymbol
-\backslash
-Upsilon
+Gamma
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Upsilon\boldsymbol{\Upsilon}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Gamma$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-theta
-\backslash
-boldsymbol
-\backslash
-theta
+Delta
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\theta\boldsymbol{\theta}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Delta$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Symbols
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-texorpdfstring{
+Theta
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Theta$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-A list with all symbols of most of the LaTeX-packages can be found in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "Symbole"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+Lambda
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Lambda$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-}{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
+Xi
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-More about
-\backslash
-texorpdfstring is in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Xi$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Symbols"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+Pi
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Many of the symbols listed in this section can also be inserted via the
- toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/nabla.png
- scale 85
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- and
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/digamma.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Pi$
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Mathematical Symbols
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Mathematical-Symbols"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Symbols ! mathematical"
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-neg
+Sigma
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\neg$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Sigma$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Im
+Upsilon
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Im$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Upsilon$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Re
+Phi
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Re$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Phi$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-aleph
+Psi
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\aleph$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Psi$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-partial
+Omega
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\partial$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Omega$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-infty
-\end_layout
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\infty$
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+That the big Greek letters appear upright is caused by a design bug when
+ TeX was developed.
+ To get correct italic big letters, begin every command with
+\series bold
+var
+\series default
+.
+ For example the command
+\series bold
\backslash
-wp
-\end_layout
-
+varGamma
+\series default
+ produces
+\begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\wp$
-\end_inset
+.
+ Another way is to load the package
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+ is part of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+was
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! was
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
-imath
+vspace{4mm}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\imath$
-\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-jmath
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\jmath$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! fixmath
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-\end_inset
+ with the LaTeX-preamble line
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\hfill
+\series bold
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\backslash
+usepackage{fixmath}
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+Then all big Greek letters in a document will automatically be typeset italic.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bold Letters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Greek letters ! bold
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Greek letters cannot be set with different font styles like Latin letters.
+ They can only be made bold with the command
\series bold
\backslash
-raisebox
+boldsymbol
\series default
- is only used as spacer.
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! B !
+\backslash
+boldsymbol
\end_layout
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-forall
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\forall$
-\end_inset
-
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-exists
+Upsilon
+\backslash
+boldsymbol
+\backslash
+Upsilon
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\exists$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Upsilon\boldsymbol{\Upsilon}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-nexists
+theta
+\backslash
+boldsymbol
+\backslash
+theta
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\nexists$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\theta\boldsymbol{\theta}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-emptyset
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\emptyset$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-varnothing
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\varnothing$
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Section
+Symbols
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
-dag
+texorpdfstring{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\dag$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A list with all symbols of most of the LaTeX-packages can be found in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Symbols"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-ddag
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\ddag$
-\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-complement
+}{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-raisebox{-0.8mm}{
+texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+More about
+\backslash
+texorpdfstring is in section
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
+
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\complement$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Symbols
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Many of the symbols listed in this section can also be inserted via the
+ toolbar buttons
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/nabla.png
+ scale 85
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ and
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/digamma.png
+ scale 85
-\backslash
-Bbbk
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Mathematical Symbols
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Mathematical-Symbols"
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Bbbk$
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Symbols ! mathematical
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-prime
+neg
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\prime$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\neg$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-backprime
+Im
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\backprime$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Im$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-mho
+Re
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mho$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Re$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-triangle
+aleph
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\triangle$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\aleph$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-angle
+partial
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\angle$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\partial$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-measuredangle
+infty
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\measuredangle$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\infty$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-sphericalangle
+wp
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\sphericalangle$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\wp$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-top
+imath
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\top$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\imath$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-bot
+jmath
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\bot$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\jmath$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\hfill
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\newpage
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Miscellaneous Symbols
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Miscellaneous-Symbols"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Symbols ! miscellaneous"
-
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-flat
+forall
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\flat$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\forall$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-natural
+exists
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\natural$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\exists$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-sharp
+nexists
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\sharp$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\nexists$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-surd
+emptyset
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\surd$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\emptyset$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-checkmark
+varnothing
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\checkmark$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\varnothing$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-yen
+dag
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\yen$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\dag$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-pounds
+ddag
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\pounds$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\ddag$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+complement
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\$$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+raisebox{-0.8mm}{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\complement$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-§
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+Bbbk
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $§$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Bbbk$
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-hbar
+prime
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\hbar$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\prime$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-hslash
+backprime
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\hslash$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\backprime$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-clubsuit
+mho
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\clubsuit$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mho$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-spadesuit
+triangle
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\spadesuit$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\triangle$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-bigstar
+angle
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\bigstar$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\angle$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-blacklozenge
+measuredangle
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\blacklozenge$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\measuredangle$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-blacktriangle
+sphericalangle
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\blacktriangle$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\sphericalangle$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-blacktiangledown
+top
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\blacktriangledown$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\top$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-bullet
+bot
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\bullet$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\bot$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Miscellaneous Symbols
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Miscellaneous-Symbols"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Symbols ! miscellaneous
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-diamondsuit
+flat
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\diamondsuit$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\flat$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Diamond
+natural
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\Diamond$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\natural$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-heartsuit
+sharp
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\heartsuit$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\sharp$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-P
+surd
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\P$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\surd$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-copyright
+checkmark
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\copyright$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\checkmark$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-circledR
+yen
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\circledR$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\yen$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-maltese
+pounds
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\maltese$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\pounds$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-diagup
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+$
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\diagup$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\$$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-diagdown
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+§
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\diagdown$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $§$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-More symbols are listed in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Miscellaneous-Special-Characters"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some symbols can be displayed in different sizes, see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Sizes"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+hbar
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-The Euro-Symbol €
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Symbols ! Euro-symbol"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\hbar$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "\\textcent@\\officialeuro"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+hslash
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To use the Euro symbol in formulas, the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-eurosym
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! eurosym"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\hslash$
\end_inset
- must be installed and loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-usepackage[gennarrow]{eurosym}
+clubsuit
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The Euro symbol can now be inserted with the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-euro
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! E ! \\textbackslash euro"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\clubsuit$
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The Euro symbol can directly be inserted with the € key in mathematical
- text, without having
-\series bold
-eurosym
-\series default
- installed.
- When
-\series bold
-eurosym
-\series default
- is installed,
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-euro
-\series default
- can also be inserted in TeX-mode.
- The official currency symbol can then be inserted with the command
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-officialeuro
-\series default
+spadesuit
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! O ! \\textbackslash officialeuro"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\spadesuit$
\end_inset
-, that is only available in TeX-mode.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-ifeurosym
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-eurosym
-\series default
- is installed.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-An overview about the different Euro symbols:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+bigstar
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\bigstar$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-formula
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-euro
+blacklozenge
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\euro$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\blacklozenge$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-mathematical text
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-€
+\backslash
+blacktriangle
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{€}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\blacktriangle$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-TeX-mode
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-officialeuro
+blacktiangledown
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-officialeuro
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\blacktriangledown$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-else
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-eurosym
-\series default
- is not installed:
+bullet
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You need to install the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-eurosym
-\series default
- to see the rest of this subsection in the output.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-fi
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\bullet$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Relations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Relations"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Relations"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Comparisons|see{Relations}"
-
\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-All relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/leq.png
- scale 85
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\hfill
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-<
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+diamondsuit
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $<$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\diamondsuit$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-le
+Diamond
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\le$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Diamond$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-ll
+heartsuit
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\ll$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\heartsuit$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-prec
+P
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\prec$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\P$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-preceq
+copyright
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\preceq$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\copyright$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-subset
+circledR
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\subset$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\circledR$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-subseteq
+maltese
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\subseteq$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\maltese$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-sqsubseteq
+diagup
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqsubseteq$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\diagup$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-in
+diagdown
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\in$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\diagdown$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-vdash
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+More symbols are listed in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\vdash$
+Some symbols can be displayed in different sizes, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Font-Sizes"
+
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Euro-Symbol €
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Symbols ! Euro-symbol
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-smile
+@
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+officialeuro
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\smile$
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use the Euro symbol in formulas, the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+eurosym
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! eurosym
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+ must be installed and loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-lhd
+usepackage[gennarrow]{eurosym}
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\lhd$
-\end_inset
+The Euro symbol can now be inserted with the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+euro
+\series default
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! E !
+\backslash
+euro
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The Euro symbol can directly be inserted with the € key in mathematical
+ text, without having
+\series bold
+eurosym
+\series default
+ installed.
+ When
+\series bold
+eurosym
+\series default
+ is installed,
+\series bold
\backslash
-unlhd
+euro
+\series default
+ can also be inserted in TeX-mode.
+ The official currency symbol can then be inserted with the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+officialeuro
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! O !
+\backslash
+officialeuro
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+, that is only available in TeX-mode.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\unlhd$
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+ifeurosym
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+eurosym
+\series default
+ is installed.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+An overview about the different Euro symbols:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-gtrless
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\gtrless$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+formula
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-mid
+euro
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mid$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\euro$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mathematical text
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-nmid
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+€
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\nmid$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{€}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\hfill
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+TeX-mode
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+officialeuro
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-=
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+officialeuro
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $=$
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+else
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+eurosym
+\series default
+ is not installed:
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You need to install the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+eurosym
+\series default
+ to see the rest of this subsection in the output.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-not=
+fi
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\not=$
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Relations
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Relations"
+
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Relations
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-equiv
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Comparisons|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+Relations
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\equiv$
+All relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/leq.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-sim
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\sim$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $<$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-simeq
+le
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\simeq$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\le$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-approx
+ll
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\approx$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\ll$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-cong
+prec
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\cong$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\prec$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-bowtie
+preceq
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\bowtie$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\preceq$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-notin
+subset
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\notin$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\subset$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-perp
+subseteq
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\perp$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\subseteq$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-propto
+sqsubseteq
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\propto$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqsubseteq$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-asymp
+in
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\asymp$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\in$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-doteq
+vdash
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\doteq$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\vdash$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-circeq
+smile
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\circeq$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\smile$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-models
+lhd
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\models$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\lhd$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-widehat=
+unlhd
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\widehat{=}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\unlhd$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\hfill
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+gtrless
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\gtrless$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
->
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+mid
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $>$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mid$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-ge
+nmid
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\ge$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\nmid$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-gg
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+=
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\gg$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $=$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-succ
+not=
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\succ$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\not=$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-succeq
+equiv
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\succeq$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\equiv$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
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\backslash
-supset
+sim
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\supset$
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+\begin_inset Formula $\sim$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
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\backslash
-supseteq
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\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\supseteq$
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+\begin_inset Formula $\simeq$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
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\backslash
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+approx
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqsupseteq$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
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+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-ni
+cong
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\ni$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\cong$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-dashv
+bowtie
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\dashv$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\bowtie$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-frown
+notin
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\frown$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\notin$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-rhd
+perp
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\rhd$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\perp$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-unrhd
+propto
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\unrhd$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\propto$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-lessgtr
+asymp
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\lessgtr$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\asymp$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-parallel
+doteq
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\parallel$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\doteq$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
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+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
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\backslash
-nparallel
+circeq
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\nparallel$
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+\begin_inset Formula $\circeq$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+models
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\models$
+\end_inset
-\hfill
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-The characters
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-lhd
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
+widehat=
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-rhd
-\series default
- are bigger than the equal looking operators
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-triangleleft
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\widehat{=}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-triangleright
-\series default
-, respectively.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Relations are, in contrary to symbols, always surrounded by space.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Relations with labels can be created with the command
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-\backslash
-stackrel
-\series default
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! S ! \\textbackslash stackrel"
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
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-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+>
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-A(r)
-\backslash
-stackrel
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $>$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-r
-\backslash
-to
-\backslash
-infty
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-spce
+ge
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
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\end_inset
-\backslash
-approx
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
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+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
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\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-B
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\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}A(r)\stackrel{r\to\infty}{\approx}B$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\gg$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Section
-Functions
+\backslash
+succ
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Predefined Functions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Predefined-Functions"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Functions ! predefined"
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\succ$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
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-\emph on
-italic
-\emph default
- in mathematical expressions, but not function names, because
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-\end_inset
-
- could be misunderstood as
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\end_inset
-
-.
- Therefore there are predefined functions, that are additionally a bit separated
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-\begin_layout Standard
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-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
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+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
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+
+\backslash
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\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
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+\begin_inset Formula $\succeq$
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+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
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+\backslash
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\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\supset$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Asin(x)+B
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+supseteq
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $Asin(x)+B$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-A
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
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\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $A\sin(x)+B$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqsupseteq$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-pagebreak
+ni
\end_layout
\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following functions are predefined:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace -2mm
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\ni$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="4">
-<features>
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-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+dashv
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\dashv$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+frown
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\frown$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-sin
+rhd
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-sinh
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-arcsin
+unrhd
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\unrhd$
+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-sup
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-cos
+lessgtr
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\lessgtr$
+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-cosh
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-arccos
+parallel
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\parallel$
+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-inf
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-tan
+nparallel
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-tanh
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\nparallel$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-arctan
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-lim
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-cot
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+The characters
+\series bold
\backslash
-coth
-\end_layout
+lhd
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\backslash
+rhd
+\series default
+ are bigger than the equal looking operators
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
+\backslash
+triangleleft
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
\backslash
-arg
+triangleright
+\series default
+, respectively.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+Relations are, in contrary to symbols, always surrounded by space.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Relations with labels can be created with the command
+\series bold
\backslash
-liminf
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+stackrel
+\series default
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
\backslash
-sec
+stackrel
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+:
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-min
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
\backslash
-deg
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-limsup
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A(r)
\backslash
-csc
-\end_layout
+stackrel
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
-max
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+r
\backslash
-det
-\end_layout
+to
+\backslash
+infty
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
-Pr
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-ln
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
-exp
-\end_layout
+approx
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
-dim
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-hom
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
-lg
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-log
+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}A(r)\stackrel{r\to\infty}{\approx}B$
+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-ker
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-gcd
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-They can also be inserted with the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/functions.png
- scale 85
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
+\begin_layout Section
+Functions
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Self-defined Functions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Functions ! self-defined"
+Predefined Functions
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Predefined-Functions"
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To use a function that is not predefined, like for example the sign function
- sgn(x), there are two possibilities:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Define the function by inserting the following line to the LaTeX-preamble
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-For more about
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-DeclareMathOperator
-\series default
- see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Self-defined-Operators"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Functions ! predefined
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\newline
-
-\begin_inset VSpace -3mm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\newline
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-DeclareMathOperator{
-\backslash
-sgn}{sgn}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! D ! \\textbackslash dbinom@\\textbackslash DeclareMathOperator"
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In general, variables are set
+\emph on
+italic
+\emph default
+ in mathematical expressions, but not function names, because
+\begin_inset Formula $sin$
\end_inset
-
-\newline
-
-\begin_inset VSpace -2mm
+ could be misunderstood as
+\begin_inset Formula $s\cdot i\cdot n$
\end_inset
-
-\newline
-Now the new defined function can be called with the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sgn
-\series default
.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Write the the formula as usual, mark the formula name, in our example the
- letters
-\emph on
-sgn
-\emph default
-, and change it to mathematical text.
- At last a space is inserted between prefactor and function.
+ Therefore there are predefined functions, that are additionally a bit separated
+ from prefactors.
+ They are inserted as commands starting with a backslash before their name.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The result is the same with both methods as with a predefined function
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="4">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-In LyX self-defined functions are displayed red, predefined ones black.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-A
-\backslash
-sgn(x)+B
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Asin(x)+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $A\sgn(x)+B$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $Asin(x)+B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
A
\backslash
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $\underbrace{\textrm{sgn}}_{\textrm{Alt-m}\,\textrm{m}}$
-\end_inset
-
-(x)+B
+sin(x)+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $A\,\textrm{sgn}(x)+B$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\sin(x)+B$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The first method is more suitable when the self-defined function should
- be used several times.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Limits
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Limits"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+The following functions are predefined:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For limits there are defined besides
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-lim
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! L ! \\textbackslash lim"
-
+\begin_inset VSpace -2mm
\end_inset
-,
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-liminf
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
-\backslash
-limsup
-\series default
- furthermore the following functions:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="4">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-varliminf
+sin
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\varliminf$
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+sinh
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-varlimsup
+arcsin
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\varlimsup$
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+sup
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-varprojlim
+cos
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\varprojlim$
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+cosh
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-varinjlim
+arccos
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\varinjlim$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+inf
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-The limit is created by inserting a subscript.
- It is set right beside the function in an inline formula:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+tan
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-hspace{1cm}
+tanh
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-hspace
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- are used here as spacer.
+arctan
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+lim
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-lim_x
-\backslash
-to
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-spce
+cot
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-A
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-x=B
+coth
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\hspace{1cm}\raisebox{5mm}{}\lim_{x\to A}x=B$
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+arg
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lim_{x\to A}x=B\]
-
-\end_inset
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+liminf
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Modulo-Functions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Functions ! modulo-"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+sec
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The modulo-function is special, because it exists in four variants.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The variants in a displayed formula:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
-\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\mod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\bmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b\end{align*}
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+min
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In an inline formula less space is set before the function names for all
- variants.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Special Characters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Special characters"
-
\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Special Characters in Mathematical Text
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in TeX-mode:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\hfill
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+deg
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+limsup
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-oe
+csc
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\oe}$
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+max
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-OE
+det
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\OE}$
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+Pr
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-ae
+ln
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\ae}$
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+exp
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-AE
+dim
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\AE}$
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+hom
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-aa
+lg
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\aa}$
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+log
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-AA
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "\\@\\textrm{\\AA}"
+ker
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+gcd
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\AA}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+They can also be inserted with the math toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/functions.png
+ scale 85
-\backslash
-i
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Self-defined Functions
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Functions ! self-defined
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\i}$
-\end_inset
+To use a function that is not predefined, like for example the sign function
+ sgn(x), there are two possibilities:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Define the function by inserting the following line to the LaTeX-preamble
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For more about
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+DeclareMathOperator
+\series default
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Self-defined-Operators"
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset VSpace -3mm
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-command
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
\backslash
-hspace{0mm}
+DeclareMathOperator{
+\backslash
+sgn}{sgn}
\series default
- is used for separation, because otherwise the output will be ¡ and ¿ respective
-ly.
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! D !
+\backslash
+dbinom@
+\backslash
+DeclareMathOperator
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset VSpace -2mm
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Now the new defined function can be called with the command
+\series bold
\backslash
-o
+sgn
+\series default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Write the formula as usual, mark the formula name, in our example the letters
+
+\emph on
+sgn
+\emph default
+, and change it to mathematical text.
+ At last a space is inserted between prefactor and function.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\o}$
-\end_inset
-
+The result is the same with both methods as with a predefined function
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In LyX self-defined functions are displayed red, predefined ones black.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+:
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-O
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\O}$
-\end_inset
-
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
\backslash
-l
+sgn(x)+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\l}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\sgn(x)+B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
\backslash
-L
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $\underbrace{\textrm{sgn}}_{\textrm{Alt+M}\,\textrm{M}}$
+\end_inset
+
+(x)+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\L}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\,\textrm{sgn}(x)+B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-!
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The first method is more suitable when the self-defined function should
+ be used several times.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Limits
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-hspace{0mm}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Limits
\end_layout
\end_inset
-`
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+For limits there are defined besides
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+lim
+\series default
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! L !
\backslash
-spce
+lim
\end_layout
\end_inset
+,
+\series bold
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+liminf
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\backslash
+limsup
+\series default
+ furthermore the following functions:
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{!`}$
-\end_inset
-
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-?
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
\backslash
-hspace{0mm}
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-`
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+varliminf
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{?`}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\varliminf$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-j
+varlimsup
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\j}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\varlimsup$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\hfill
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+varprojlim
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The characters
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\textrm{Å}}$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- and
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\textrm{Ø}}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\varprojlim$
\end_inset
- can also be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/digamma.png
- scale 85
-
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-An exception are the commands
-\series bold
-!
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-hspace{0mm}
+varinjlim
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-`
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
-?
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\varinjlim$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-hspace{0mm}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
-`
-\series default
-, because they can be inserted in LyX directly to text.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Accents in Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Accents-in-Text"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Accents ! in text"
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-With the following commands all letters can be accented.
- The commands must be inserted in TeX-mode.
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+The limit is created by inserting a subscript.
+ It is set right beside the function in an inline formula:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\hfill
-
+\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 1cm
+\end_inset
+
Result
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The space and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ are used here as spacer.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
+lim_x
+\backslash
+to
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset Quotes grd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-e
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+A
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-"e
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+x=B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\hspace{1cm}\raisebox{5mm}{}\lim_{x\to A}x=B$
+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-`e
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\lim_{x\to A}x=B
+\]
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-`e
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Modulo-Functions
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Functions ! modulo-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+The modulo-function is special, because it exists in four variants.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The variants in a displayed formula:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align*}
+\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\mod b\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pmod b\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\bmod b\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b
+\end{align*}
-\backslash
-^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+In an inline formula less space is set before the function names for all
+ variants.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Special Characters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-spce
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Special characters
\end_layout
\end_inset
-e
+
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Special Characters in Mathematical Text
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in TeX-mode:
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-^e
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-=e
+oe
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-=e
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{œ}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-u
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-spce
+OE
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Œ}$
+\end_inset
+
-e
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-u e
+ae
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{æ}$
+\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-b
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-spce
+AE
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Æ}$
+\end_inset
+
-e
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-b e
+aa
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\aa}$
+\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-t
+AA
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+@
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-spce
+textrm{
+\backslash
+AA}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-ee
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Å}$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-t ee
+i
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ı}$
+\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+command
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The space of 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+mm is used for separation, because otherwise the output will be ¡ and ¿
+ respectively.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-H
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-e
+o
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-H e
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ø}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-'e
+O
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-'e
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Ø}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-~e
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Tilde"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+l
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-~e
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ł}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-.e
+L
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-.e
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Ł}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+!
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 0mm
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-v
+`
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-e
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-v e
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{!`}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+?
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 0mm
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-d
+`
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-e
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{?`}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-d e
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+j
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ȷ}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-c
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-e
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-c e
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The characters
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\textrm{Å}}$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+ and
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\textrm{Ø}}$
\end_inset
+ can also be inserted via the math toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/digamma.png
+ scale 85
-\hfill
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-With the command
+An exception are the commands
\series bold
+!
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 0mm
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-t
+`
\series default
- also two different characters can be accented.
- The command
+ and
\series bold
+?
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 0mm
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-t
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
+`
+\series default
+, because they can be inserted in LyX directly to text.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Accents in Text
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Accents-in-Text"
-sz
-\series default
- creates:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-t sz
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Accents ! in text
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The accents
-\series bold
-`
-\series default
- ,
-\series bold
-'
-\series default
- , and
-\series bold
-^
-\series default
- can in combination with vowels directly be inserted with the keyboard without
- using TeX-mode.
- The same applies for the tilde
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This only applies for keyboards where the tilde is defined as accent.
+With the following commands all letters can be accented.
+ The commands must be inserted in TeX-mode.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-
-\series bold
-~
-\series default
- in combination with
-\emph on
-a
-\emph default
- ,
-\emph on
-n
-\emph default
- , or
-\emph on
-o
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The commands
-\series bold
-\backslash
-b
-\series default
- ,
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-c
-\series default
- ,
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-d
-\series default
- ,
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-H
-\series default
- ,
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-t
-\series default
- ,
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-u
-\series default
- ,
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-v
-\series default
-, and accents inserted directly with the keyboard are also available in
- mathematical text.
- For the other accents there are special math commands to be used in formulas,
- see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Accents-for-one"
+\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
-.
+e
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Furthermore, with the command
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-textcircled
-\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! T ! \\textbackslash textcircled"
+\backslash
+"e
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- all numbers and letters can be set into a circle, quasi accented with a
- circle, similar to the the copyright symbol.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+`e
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
+`e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-textcircled{w}
+^
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+e
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-textcircled{w}
+^e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Large
-\backslash
-textcircled{
-\backslash
-normalsize
-\backslash
-protect
-\backslash
-raisebox{-1.5pt}{W}}
+=e
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Large
-\backslash
-textcircled{
-\backslash
-normalsize
-\backslash
-protect
-\backslash
-raisebox{-1.5pt}W}
+=e
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+u
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-One has to take care that the character fits in the circle.
-
-\series bold
\backslash
-Large
-\series default
+spce
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Foot
+\end_inset
+
+e
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Sizes"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+u e
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- specifies thereby the size of the circle.
- With the help of
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Foot
+b
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Boxes-without-Frame"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
- the character can be centered.
+e
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Minuscule Numbers
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Minuscule numbers"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Minuscule numbers are created with the command
-\series bold
\backslash
-oldstylenums
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! O ! \\textbackslash oldstylenums"
+b e
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
- The command can be used in formulas and in TeX-mode.
- The command scheme is:
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-oldstylenums{number}
-\end_layout
+t
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The command
-\series bold
\backslash
-oldstylenums{0123456789
-\series default
- produces:
-\begin_inset Formula $\oldstylenums{0123456789}$
-\end_inset
+spce
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+ee
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Miscellaneous Special Characters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Miscellaneous-Special-Characters"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Special characters ! miscellaneous"
+
+\backslash
+t ee
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following characters can only be inserted to formulas by using commands:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-^
+H
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-
+e
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathcircumflex$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+H e
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-_
+'e
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\_$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+'e
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-^
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+~e
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tilde
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-spce
+~e
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\backslash
-circ
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "°"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+.e
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $^{\circ}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+.e
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The degree sign ° can nevertheless be directly inserted if the LaTeX-preamble
- contains the following line
-\begin_inset Foot
+\backslash
+v
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-More about this is described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Text-Characters-in"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_inset
-.
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-DeclareInputtext{176}{
-\backslash
-ifmmode^
-\backslash
-circ
-\backslash
-else
-\backslash
-textdegree
-\backslash
-f\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
-i}
+e
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-The tilde
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Tilde"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- is designed as accent, thus is looks alone a bit misplaced: ~
-\newline
-But for web
- addresses (URLs) sometimes a single tilde is needed.
- In this case the relation sign
-\series bold
\backslash
-sim
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Relations"
+v e
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\series default
- is used in a formula.
- As a formula cannot be created in an URL-box (menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-URL
-\family default
-), the URL is inserted as normal text with the font style '
-\family typewriter
-typewriter
-\family default
-'.
- Should the URL be a hyperlink in the DVI- or PDF-output, the command
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-href
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Foot
+d
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-href
-\series default
- can only be used together with the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-hyperref
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! hyperref"
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
- More about
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-href
-\series default
- is written in the section
-\family typewriter
-URL
-\family default
- in the
-\family typewriter
-Embedded\InsetSpace ~
-Objects
-\family default
- manual.
+e
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! H ! \\textbackslash href"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- is used.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-As example an URL with a tilde:
+\backslash
+d e
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-as text:
-\family typewriter
-http://www.lyx.org/
-\begin_inset Formula $\sim$
\end_inset
-mustermann
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-with
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-href
-\series default
-:
+c
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-href{http://www.lyx.org/~mustermann}{
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-http://www.lyx.org/
-\begin_inset Formula $\sim$
+e
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-mustermann
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
+
+\backslash
+c e
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Formula Styles
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Formula-Styles"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! styles"
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-There are two different alignment styles:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-Centered is the predefined standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-Indented for this the option
+With the command
\series bold
-fleqn
-\series default
- must be inserted in the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- under
-\family sans
-Document\InsetSpace ~
-Class
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-When
-\series bold
-Indented
+\backslash
+t
\series default
- is used, the indentation can be adjusted with the length
+ also two different characters can be accented.
+ The command
\series bold
\backslash
-mathindent
-\series default
+t
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! M ! \\textbackslash mathindent"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_inset
-.
- Should the distance be 15\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-mm, the following command line is inserted in
- the LaTeX-preamble
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+
+sz
+\series default
+ creates:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-setlength{
-\backslash
-mathindent}{15mm}
+t sz
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-When no length is specified, the predefined value of 30\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pt will be used.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-And two different numbering styles:
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-Right is the predefined standard
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Left for this the option
+\begin_layout Standard
+The accents
\series bold
-leqno
+`
\series default
- must be inserted in the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- under
-\family sans
-Document\InsetSpace ~
-Class
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+ ,
\series bold
-fleqn
+'
\series default
and
\series bold
-leqno
+^
\series default
- can also be used together.
- In this case both options are inserted, separated by a comma.
-\end_layout
+ can in combination with vowels directly be inserted with the keyboard without
+ using TeX-mode.
+ The same applies for the tilde
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-The chosen styles are used for all displayed formulas of the document.
- When both, centered and indented formulas should be created in a document,
- the style
-\series bold
-Centered
-\series default
- is used.
- The indented formulas are then set in a flalign environment, see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Flalign-Environment"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This only applies for keyboards where the tilde is defined as accent.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\series bold
+~
+\series default
+ in combination with
+\emph on
+a
+\emph default
+ ,
+\emph on
+n
+\emph default
+ , or
+\emph on
+o
+\emph default
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Multiline Formulas
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Multiline-Formulas"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! multiline"
+\begin_layout Standard
+The commands
+\series bold
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+b
+\series default
+ ,
+\series bold
+\backslash
+c
+\series default
+ ,
+\series bold
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+d
+\series default
+ ,
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Subsection
-General
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+H
+\series default
+ ,
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-In LyX multiline formulas are created by pressing
-\family sans
+\backslash
+t
+\series default
+ ,
\series bold
-Ctrl-Return
-\family default
+
+\backslash
+u
\series default
- inside a formula.
- This creates an
+ ,
\series bold
-align environment
+
+\backslash
+v
\series default
- that is described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Standard-align-Environment"
+ and accents that are inserted directly with the keyboard are also available
+ in mathematical text.
+ For the other accents there are special math commands to be used in formulas,
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Accents-for-one"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are other multiline formula environments that can be created via the
- menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math
-\family default
-.
- These environments are described in the following sections.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-In all multiline formula environments a new line is created by pressing
-
-\family sans
-Ctrl-Return
-\family default
-.
- To add or delete lines, the math toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
- scale 85
+Furthermore, with the command
+\series bold
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+textcircled
+\series default
- or
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png
- scale 85
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! T !
+\backslash
+textcircled
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-, respectively, or the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Rows & Columns
-\family default
- can be used.
+ all numbers and letters can be set into a circle, quasi accented with a
+ circle, similar to the copyright symbol.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Line Separation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Line-Separation"
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! multiline ! Line separation"
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There is sometimes not enough space in multiline formulas between the lines:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
-B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\
-4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*}
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+textcircled{w}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In LaTeX additional line space is specified as optional argument of the
- new line command.
- This is not yet possible in LyX
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-see
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-href{http://bugzilla.lyx.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1505}{
+textcircled{w}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-LyX-bug #1505
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+Large
+\backslash
+textcircled{
+\backslash
+normalsize
+\backslash
+protect
+\backslash
+raisebox{-1.5pt}{W}}
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-, therefore the whole formula must be inserted in TeX-mode.
- To add in our example space, the command
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-\backslash
-[3mm]
-\series default
- is inserted at the end of the first line.
- One gets:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-begin{eqnarray*}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD &
- = &
+Large
\backslash
-textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}
+textcircled{
\backslash
-
+normalsize
\backslash
-[3mm]
+protect
+\backslash
+raisebox{-1.5pt}W}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-4x^{2}
-\backslash
-left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}
-\backslash
-right)+4x_{0}x
-\backslash
-left(D-B^{2}
-\backslash
-right)+B^{2}
-\backslash
-left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}
-\backslash
-right) & = & 0
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-end{eqnarray*}
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-To set the the line separation for all lines in a formula, the length
+One has to take care that the character fits in the circle.
+
\series bold
\backslash
-jot
+Large
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! J ! \\textbackslash jot"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Font-Sizes"
- is changed.
- The definition is:
-\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{line separation}=\mathrm{6\, pt+\backslash jot}$
\end_inset
-.
- Predefined for
-\series bold
-\backslash
-jot
-\series default
- is the value 3\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pt.
- To create 3\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-mm additional line separation as in the previous example, the
- command
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+ specifies thereby the size of the circle.
+ With the help of
\series bold
\backslash
-setlength{
-\backslash
-jot}{3mm+3pt}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula.
- This requires that the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-calc
+raisebox
\series default
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Boxes-without-Frame"
+
+\end_inset
+
-\series bold
-calc
-\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
+ the character can be centered.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Minuscule Numbers
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! calc"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Minuscule numbers
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- was loaded in LaTeX-preamble with the line
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+Minuscule numbers are created with the command
\series bold
\backslash
-usepackage{calc}
-\end_layout
+oldstylenums
+\series default
-\begin_layout Standard
-One gets:
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-setlength{
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! O !
\backslash
-jot}{3mm+3pt}
+oldstylenums
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
-B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\
-4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*}
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+.
+ The command can be used in formulas and in TeX-mode.
+ The command scheme is:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
\backslash
-setlength{
-\backslash
-jot}{3pt}
+oldstylenums{number}
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
- To get back to the predefined distance,
+\begin_layout Standard
+The command
\series bold
\backslash
-jot
+oldstylenums{0123456789
\series default
- is set to the value 3\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pt.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Column Separation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Column-Separation"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! multiline ! Column separation"
-
+ produces:
+\begin_inset Formula $\oldstylenums{0123456789}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Multiline formulas form a matrix.
- A formula in the eqnarray environment is for example a matrix with three
- columns.
- By changing the column separation in this environment, the space beside
- the relation sign can be changed.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The column separation is specified with the length
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-arraycolsep
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! A ! \\textbackslash arraycolsep"
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Miscellaneous special Characters
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters"
\end_inset
- according to:
-\newline
-column separation = 2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-
-\series bold
-\backslash
-arraycolsep
-\series default
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\newline
-Thus, the command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Special characters ! miscellaneous
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-\backslash
-setlength{
-\backslash
-arraycolsep}{1cm}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-inserted in TeX-mode, sets for all following formulas a column separation
- of 2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-cm.
- To get back to the predefined distance,
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-arraycolsep
-\series default
- is set to 5\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pt.
+The following characters can only be inserted to formulas by using commands:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A formula with 2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-cm column separation:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-setlength{
-\backslash
-arraycolsep}{1cm}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
-A & = & B\\
-C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-A formula with the predefined column separation for matrices of 10\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pt:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+^
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-setlength{
-\backslash
-arraycolsep}{5pt}
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
-A & = & B\\
-C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*}
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Long Formulas
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! long"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathcircumflex$
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Long formulas can be typeset using these methods:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-When one side of the equation is much shorther than the line width, this
- one is chosen for the left side and the right side is typeset over two
- lines:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-medskip
+_
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
-H & = & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\nonumber \\
- & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:kurzlang}\end{eqnarray}
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\_$
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+^
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-smallskip
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\newline
-The minus sign at the beginning of the second line does normally not appear
- as operator because it is the first character of the line.
- Thus it would not be surrounded by space and could not be distinguished
- from the fraction bar.
- To avoid this, space was inserted behind the minus sign with the command
-
-\series bold
-
\backslash
-hspace{3pt}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Foot
+circ
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-more about
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-hspace
-\series default
- see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Variable-Space"
+@°
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! H ! \\textbackslash hspace"
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $^{\circ}$
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-When both sides of the equation are too long, the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-lefteqn
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! L ! \\textbackslash lefteqn"
-
-\end_inset
-
- is used.
- It is inserted to the first column of the first line and effects that all
- further insertions overwrite the following columns:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-medskip
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
-\lefteqn{4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}}\nonumber \\
- & & -\hspace{3pt}B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\nonumber \\
- & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn}\end{eqnarray}
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The degree sign ° can nevertheless be directly inserted if the LaTeX-preamble
+ contains the following line
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+More about this is described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Text-Characters-in"
-\backslash
-smallskip
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
-\newline
-After the insertion of
\series bold
\backslash
-lefteqn
-\series default
-, the cursor is in a purple box that is a bit shifted to the left from the
- blue one.
- In this the formula is inserted.
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+DeclareInputtext{176}{
+\backslash
+ifmmode^
+\backslash
+circ
+\backslash
+else
+\backslash
+textdegree
+\backslash
+fi}
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-medskip
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Formula Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Formula-Styles"
+
\end_inset
-\newline
-The content of the further lines is inserted to the second or another formula
- column.
- The greater the column number where it was inserted, the larger the indentation.
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-medskip
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! styles
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\newline
-
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note the following when using
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Itemize
+There are two different alignment styles:
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-lefteqn
-\series default
-:
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Centered is the predefined standard
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The formula doesn't use the full page width.
- When e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
-the term
-\begin_inset Formula $-B^{2}$
+\begin_layout Description
+Indented for this the option
+\series bold
+fleqn
+\series default
+ must be inserted in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ under
+\family sans
+Document
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- is added to the first line in the above example, it would have been outside
- the page margin.
- To better use the width, negative space can be inserted at the beginning
- of the first line.
+Class
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Due to a bug in LyX the cursor cannot be set with the mouse into the first
- line.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+When
+\series bold
+Indented
+\series default
+ is used, the indentation can be adjusted with the length
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
+\backslash
+mathindent
+\series default
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! M !
\backslash
-href{http://bugzilla.lyx.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1429}{
+mathindent
\end_layout
\end_inset
-LyX-bug #1429
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+.
+ Should the distance be 15
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+mm, the following command line is inserted in the LaTeX-preamble
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-}
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+mathindent}{15mm}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+When no length is specified, the predefined value of 30
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-
+pt will be used.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+And two different numbering styles:
+\end_layout
- One can only set the cursor at the beginning of the line and move it with
- the arrow keys.
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Right is the predefined standard
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Left for this the option
+\series bold
+leqno
+\series default
+ must be inserted in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ under
+\family sans
+Document
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+Class
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Other methods to set long formulas are offered by the environments described
- in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Multline-Environment"
-
-\end_inset
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+fleqn
+\series default
and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts"
+\series bold
+leqno
+\series default
+ can also be used together.
+ In this case both options are inserted, separated by a comma.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The chosen styles are used for all displayed formulas of the document.
+ When both, centered and indented formulas should be created in a document,
+ the style
+\series bold
+Centered
+\series default
+ is used.
+ The indented formulas are then set in a flalign environment, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Flalign-Environment"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Multiline Brackets
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Multiline-Brackets"
+\begin_layout Section
+Multiline Formulas
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Multiline-Formulas"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Brackets ! for multiline expressions"
-
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! multiline
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-For brackets spanning multiple lines the following problem occurs:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
-A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\
- & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*}
-
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The closing bracket is smaller than the opening bracket because brackets
- with variable size may not span multiple lines.
+\begin_layout Subsection
+General
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To set the bracket size for the second line correctly, the first line is
- ended with
+In LyX multiline formulas are created by pressing
\series bold
-\backslash
-right.
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! R ! \\textbackslash right"
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
\end_inset
- and the second line with
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-left.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-for more about
-\series bold
-\backslash
-left
\series default
- and
+ inside a formula.
+ This creates either an
\series bold
-
-\backslash
-right
+eqnarray environment
\series default
- see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+ that is described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Eqnarray-Environment"
\end_inset
-
+ or, when the option
+\family sans
+Use AMS math package
+\family default
+ in the document settings is selected, an
+\series bold
+align environment
+\series default
+ that is described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Standard-align-Environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are other multiline formula environments that can be created via the
+ menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math
+\family default
+.
+ These environments are described in the following sections.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In all multiline formula environments a new line is created by pressing
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
\end_inset
+.
+ To add or delete lines, the math toolbar buttons
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
+ scale 85
-\series default
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! L ! \\textbackslash left"
+ or
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png
+ scale 85
\end_inset
-.
- After
-\series bold
+, respectively, or the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Rows & Columns
+\family default
+ can be used.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-left.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Line Separation
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Line-Separation"
-\series default
- the command
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-vphantom
-\series default
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! multiline ! Line separation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is sometimes not enough space in multiline formulas between the lines:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\
+4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0
+\end{eqnarray*}
+
\end_inset
-\series bold
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-prod
-\series default
-^
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_layout Standard
+In LaTeX additional line space is specified as optional argument of the
+ new line command.
+ This is not yet possible in LyX
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+see
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX-bug #1505"
+target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1505"
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+, therefore the whole formula must be inserted in TeX-mode.
+ To add in our example space, the command
\series bold
\backslash
-infty
-\series default
+\backslash
+[3mm]
+\series default
+ is inserted at the end of the first line.
+ One gets:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-spce
+begin{eqnarray*}
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
-\end_inset
-
-_R=1}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! V ! \\textbackslash vphantom"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_inset
+B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD &
+ = &
+\backslash
+textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}
+\backslash
- is inserted, because the multiplication operator with its limits is the
- largest symbol in the first line and this should be the size for the bracket
- in the second line.
+\backslash
+[3mm]
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The result is this:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
-A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\
- & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_inset
+4x^{2}
+\backslash
+left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}
+\backslash
+right)+4x_{0}x
+\backslash
+left(D-B^{2}
+\backslash
+right)+B^{2}
+\backslash
+left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}
+\backslash
+right) & = & 0
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Align Environments
+\backslash
+end{eqnarray*}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Align environments can be used for every kind of multiline formulas.
- They are specially useful to set several formulas side by side.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Align environments consist of columns.
- The odd columns are right aligned, the even ones left aligned.
- Every line in an Align environment can be numbered.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Align environments are created via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math
-\family default
-.
- With the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Change Formula Type
-\family default
- already existing formulas can be converted to Align environments.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To add or delete columns, the math toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-column.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-column.png
- scale 85
+To set the line separation for all lines in a formula, the length
+\series bold
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+jot
+\series default
-, respectively, or the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Rows & Columns
-\family default
- can be used.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Standard align Environment
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Standard-align-Environment"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! J !
+\backslash
+jot
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+ is changed.
+ The definition is:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{line separation}=\mathrm{6\, pt+\backslash jot}$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! multiline ! align environment"
+.
+ Predefined for
+\series bold
+\backslash
+jot
+\series default
+ is the value 3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+pt.
+ To create 3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+mm additional line separation as in the previous example, the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This Align environment is created by presssing
-\family sans
-Ctrl-Return
-\family default
- in a formula or by the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-AMS align Environment
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-An example for two formulas set side by side, that are created with a four
- column align environment:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
-A & =\sin(B) & C & =D\\
-C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{align*}
+\series bold
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+jot}{3mm+3pt}
+\end_layout
-As it can be seen, the formulas in this environment are placed so as if
- there would be a
+\begin_layout Standard
+is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula.
+ This requires that the LaTeX-package
\series bold
+calc
+\series default
-\backslash
-hfill
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-more about
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-hfill
+\series bold
+calc
\series default
- see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Variable-Space"
+ is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! calc
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
- before the first and after every even column.
- When the formula style
-\series bold
-Indented
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+ was loaded in LaTeX-preamble with the line
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-formula styles see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
-
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+\backslash
+usepackage{calc}
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+One gets:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series default
- is used, the formula is set without the
-\series bold
\backslash
-hfill
-\series default
- before the first column.
+setlength{
+\backslash
+jot}{3mm+3pt}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Alignat Environment
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! multiline ! alignat environment"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\
+4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The alignat environment has no predefined column separation.
- It can be inserted manually with the spaces that are described
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Space"
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-.
+
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+jot}{3pt}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The above example in the alignat environment where 1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-cm space was inserted
- at the beginning of the second formula:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{alignat*}{2}
-A & =\sin(B) & \hspace{1cm}C & =D\\
-C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{alignat*}
+\end_inset
+
+ To get back to the predefined distance,
+\series bold
+\backslash
+jot
+\series default
+ is set to the value 3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-Because the column separation can be set separately for every column, this
- environment is especially suitable to set three and more formulas side
- by side.
+pt.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Flalign Environment
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Flalign-Environment"
+Column Separation
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Column-Separation"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! multiline ! flalign environment"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! multiline ! Column separation
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In this environment the first two columns are always set as much as possible
- to the left and the last two ones to the right.
- An example:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign*}
-A & =1 & B & =2 & C & =3\\
-X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4\end{flalign*}
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+Multiline formulas form a matrix.
+ A formula in the eqnarray environment is for example a matrix with three
+ columns.
+ By changing the column separation in this environment, the space beside
+ the relation sign can be changed.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-By creating a flalign environment with an odd number of columns where an
- empty TeX-brace is inserted to the last column, several formulas in a document
- can be set to the left, although the formula style
+The column separation is specified with the length
\series bold
-Centered
-\series default
- is used.
- As example the indented formula
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:VolInt"
-
-\end_inset
-:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
-\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign}
+\backslash
+arraycolsep
+\series default
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-The first two columns contain the formula.
- To indent it as with the formula style
-\series bold
-Indented
-\series default
-, 30\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pt space was inserted at the beginning of the first column.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! A !
+\backslash
+arraycolsep
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Eqnarray Environment
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! multiline ! eqnarray environment"
-
\end_inset
+ according to:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When this environment has been created, three blue boxes appear.
- The content of the first box is right aligned, the content of the last
- one left aligned.
- The content of the middle box appears centered and a bit smaller, because
- it is designed to insert there only relation characters.
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
-\frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D}\\
-AB & AB & AB\\
-A & = & A\end{eqnarray*}
-
+column separation = 2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Gather Environment
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! multiline ! gather environment"
+\backslash
+arraycolsep
+\series default
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-
+Thus, the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This environment consists of only one centered column.
- Every line can be numbered.
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{gather}
-A=1\\
-X=\textrm{-}1\end{gather}
-
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+arraycolsep}{1cm}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Multline Environment
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Multline-Environment"
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+inserted in TeX-mode, sets for all following formulas a column separation
+ of 2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+cm.
+ To get back to the predefined distance,
+\series bold
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! multiline ! multline environment"
-
+\backslash
+arraycolsep
+\series default
+ is set to 5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-
+pt.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The multline environment consists, like the gather environment, of only
- one column.
- But the first line is left aligned, the last one right aligned.
- All other lines are centered.
- Therefore this environment is suitable for long formulas.
- As example formula
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:lefteqn"
-
+A formula with 2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
- in the multline environment:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline}
-4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\
--B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\\
-=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline}
+cm column separation:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+arraycolsep}{1cm}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the output only the last (first) line of a multline environment appears
- numbered when the document numbering is right (left).
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-numbering styles see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
-
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+A & = & B\\
+C & \ne & A
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
- This is also the case when there is a formula number displayed after every
- line in LyX.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+A formula with the predefined column separation for matrices of 10
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is
+pt:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-href{http://bugzilla.lyx.org/show_bug.cgi?id=518}{
+setlength{
+\backslash
+arraycolsep}{5pt}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-LyX-bug #518
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+A & = & B\\
+C & \ne & A
+\end{eqnarray*}
+
+\end_inset
+
-}
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Long Formulas
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! long
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-With the commands
-\series bold
+Long formulas can be typeset using these methods:
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-shoveright
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! S ! \\textbackslash shoveright"
+\begin_layout Itemize
+When one side of the equation is much shorther than the line width, this
+ one is chosen for the left side and the right side is typeset over two
+ lines:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+H & = & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\nonumber \\
+ & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
+The minus sign at the beginning of the second line does normally not appear
+ as operator because it is the first character of the line.
+ Thus it would not be surrounded by space and could not be distinguished
+ from the fraction bar.
+ To avoid this, 3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt space was inserted behind the minus sign with the command
+\series bold
+\backslash
+hspace
\series default
- and
+.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+more about
\series bold
\backslash
-shoveleft
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! S ! \\textbackslash shoveleft"
+hspace
+\series default
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Variable-Space"
\end_inset
-\series default
- a centered line can be right or left aligned, respectively.
- The commands are used as follows:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-\backslash
-shoveright{line content}
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! H !
\backslash
-shoveleft{line content}
+hspace
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-The length
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+When both sides of the equation are too long, the command
\series bold
\backslash
-multlinegap
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! M ! \\textbackslash multlinegap"
-
-\end_inset
+lefteqn
+\series default
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\series default
- specifies the distance of the first line from the left page margin.
- Predefined is the length 0\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pt.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! L !
+\backslash
+lefteqn
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-As example the above formula where the command
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+ is used.
+ It is inserted to the first column of the first line and effects that all
+ further insertions overwrite the following columns:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\lefteqn{4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}}\nonumber \\
+ & & -\hspace{3pt}B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\nonumber \\
+ & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn}
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\end_inset
+After the insertion of
\series bold
\backslash
-setlength{
-\backslash
-multlinegap}{2cm}
-\end_layout
+lefteqn
+\series default
+, the cursor is in a purple box that is a bit shifted to the left from the
+ blue one.
+ In this the formula is inserted.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-was inserted in TeX-mode before:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+The content of the further lines is inserted to the second or another formula
+ column.
+ The greater the column number where it was inserted, the larger the indentation.
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note the following when using
+\series bold
\backslash
-setlength{
-\backslash
-multlinegap}{2cm}
+lefteqn
+\series default
+:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The formula doesn't use the full page width.
+ When e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline}
-4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\
-\shoveleft{-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}\\
-=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline}
-
+the term
+\begin_inset Formula $-B^{2}$
\end_inset
+ is added to the first line in the above example, it would have been outside
+ the page margin.
+ To better use the width, negative space can be inserted at the beginning
+ of the first line.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Due to a bug in LyX the cursor cannot be set with the mouse into the first
+ line.
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX-bug #1429"
+target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1429"
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-setlength{
-\backslash
-multlinegap}{0pt}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-The second line was left aligned using
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-shoveleft
-\series default
-.
+ One can only set the cursor at the beginning of the line and move it with
+ the arrow keys.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Multiline Formula Parts
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts"
-
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! multiline ! formula parts"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Other methods to set long formulas are offered by the environments described
+ in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Multline-Environment"
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts"
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-To display only parts of a formula with multiple lines, one of the following
- environments are used:
-\series bold
-aligned
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-alignedat
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-gathered
-\series default
- or
-\series bold
-split
-\series default
.
- They can be inserted via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math
-\family default
- or by using the commands described in this section.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The first three have the same properties as the corresponding multiline
- formula environments, but it is possible to set further formula parts beside
- them.
- An example:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\
-\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\end{aligned}
-\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}\]
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Multiline Brackets
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Multiline-Brackets"
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To get this formula, a displayed formula is created where the command
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-aligned
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! A ! \\textbackslash aligned"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Brackets ! for multiline expressions
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\series default
- is inserted.
- A purple box appears around the blue formula box where now columns and
- lines can be added.
- Outside the multiline environment other formula parts can be set, like
- the brace.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The aligned environment is also suitable for long formulas whose lines are
- horizontally aligned.
- Using aligned in a displayed formula has the advantage that the formula
- number is vertically centered behind the lines.
- As example formula
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:kurzlang"
+For brackets spanning multiple lines the following problem occurs:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\
+ & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right]
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
- in the aligned environment:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\begin{aligned}H=\; & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\\
- & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\end{aligned}
-\end{equation}
-
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The closing bracket is smaller than the opening bracket because brackets
+ with variable size may not span multiple lines.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use the environments
-\series bold
-alignedat
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-gathered
-\series default
-, or
-\series bold
-split
-\series default
-, the command
+To set the bracket size for the second line correctly, the first line is
+ ended with
\series bold
\backslash
-alignedat
+right.
\series default
-,
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! A ! \\textbackslash alignedat"
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! R !
+\backslash
+right
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+ and the second line with
\series bold
\backslash
-gathered
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! G ! \\textbackslash gathered"
-
-\end_inset
+left.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-, or
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+for more about
\series bold
\backslash
-split
+left
\series default
+ and
+\series bold
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! S ! \\textbackslash split"
+\backslash
+right
+\series default
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
- are inserted, respectively.
- The split environment has the same properties as the aligned environment
- but it can only have two columns.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Text in multiline Formulas
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Text-in-multiline"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Text ! in formulas"
-
-\end_inset
+\series default
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! multiline ! text"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! L !
+\backslash
+left
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+.
+ After
+\series bold
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+left.
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the Align environments, and the multline and gather environment, text
- can be inserted that will appear in a separate line and doesn't affect
- the column alignment.
- To do this, the command
+\series default
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
-intertext
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! I ! \\textbackslash intertext"
+vphantom
+\series default
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series default
- is used in the following scheme:
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+
\series bold
\backslash
-intertext{text}
+prod
+\series default
+^
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The text should not be longer than a line because it cannot be hyphenated.
- As LyX doesn't yet support
+\end_inset
+
+
\series bold
\backslash
-intertext
+infty
\series default
- directly, the text is written as mathematical text.
-
-\series bold
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-intertext
-\series default
- must hereby be at the beginning of a line and appears in the output above
- this line.
- An example where the text was inserted at the beginning of the second line:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{align}
-I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\
-\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to $\phi=\pi$, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\end{align}
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Section
-Formula Numbering
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula numbering"
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+_R=1}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! V !
+\backslash
+vphantom
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+ is inserted, because the multiplication operator with its limits is the
+ largest symbol in the first line and this should be the size for the bracket
+ in the second line.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! numbering|see{Formula numbering}"
+\begin_layout Standard
+The result is this:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\
+ & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right]
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-General
+Align Environments
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Numbered formulas can be created with the menu
+Align environments can be used for every kind of multiline formulas.
+ They are specially useful to set several formulas side by side.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Align environments consist of columns.
+ The odd columns are right aligned, the even ones left aligned.
+ Every line in an Align environment can be numbered.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Align environments are created via the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Numbered\InsetSpace ~
-Formula
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\family sans
-Ctrl-Alt\InsetSpace ~
-n
+Math
\family default
-).
- Existing formulas can be numbered with the menu
+.
+ With the menu
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Toggle\InsetSpace ~
-Numbering
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\family sans
-Alt-m\InsetSpace ~
-n
+Change Formula Type
\family default
-).
- The formula number is displayed in LyX behind the formula as number sign
- in parentheses.
- The number sign is replaced in the output by the formula number.
+ already existing formulas can be converted to Align environments.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When numbering is turned on in multiline formulas, all lines will be numbered.
- But the numbering can be controlled with the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Toggle\InsetSpace ~
-Numbering\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-Line
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\family sans
-Alt-m\InsetSpace ~
-N
-\family default
-) for every line.
-\end_layout
+To add or delete columns, the math toolbar buttons
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-column.png
+ scale 85
-\begin_layout Standard
-Except of inline formulas, all formulas can be numbered with two different
- styles, see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-column.png
+ scale 85
\end_inset
-.
+, respectively, or the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Rows & Columns
+\family default
+ can be used.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Cross-References
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Cross-References"
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Standard align Environment
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Standard-align-Environment"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Cross-references ! to formulas"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! multiline ! align environment
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-All labeled formulas can be cross-referenced.
- A label is added by the menu
+This Align environment is created by presssing
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ in a formula or by the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Label
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+AMS align Environment
\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/label-insert.png
- scale 85
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An example for two formulas set side by side, that are created with a four
+ column align environment:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align*}
+A & =\sin(B) & C & =D\\
+C & \ne A & B & \ne D
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
-.
- The cursor must hereby be inside a displayed formula.
- A dialog pops up displaying the prefix
+As it can be seen, the formulas in this environment are placed so as if
+ there would be a
\series bold
-eq:
+
+\backslash
+hfill
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+more about
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+hfill
\series default
- in a text field.
- The label is inserted there behind the prefix.
- The predefined prefix means
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Variable-Space"
-equation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and makes it easier to find labels in large documents because it marks
- it as formula label to divide it from e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
-section labels.
- To change a label, the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Label
-\family default
- is used again.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The name of the label is displayed in LyX within two parentheses behind
- formula.
- A formula with a label is always numbered.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Cross-references are inserted via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
- or with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
- scale 85
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ before the first and after every even column.
+ When the formula style
+\series bold
+Indented
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+formula styles see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
\end_inset
-.
- A formula cross-reference appears in the output as formula number.
- When in the cross-reference dialog window the format
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ is used, the formula is set without the
\series bold
-(<reference>)
+
+\backslash
+hfill
\series default
- is chosen, the cross-reference appears in the output as formula number
- in parentheses.
-\newline
-By right-clicking on a cross-reference in LyX, one jumps
- to the formula that is referenced.
+ before the first column.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here are as examples cross-references to formulas of the following subsections:
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Alignat Environment
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note the different cross-reference types.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! multiline ! alignat environment
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The equations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:tag"
-
-\end_inset
+The alignat environment has no predefined column separation.
+ It can be inserted manually with the spaces that are described
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The above example in the alignat environment where 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cm space was inserted at the beginning of the second formula:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{alignat*}{2}
+A & =\sin(B) & \hspace{1cm}C & =D\\
+C & \ne A & B & \ne D
+\end{alignat*}
+
+\end_inset
+
+Because the column separation can be set separately for every column, this
+ environment is especially suitable to set three and more formulas side
+ by side.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Flalign Environment
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Flalign-Environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! multiline ! flalign environment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In this environment the first two columns are always set as much as possible
+ to the left and the last two ones to the right.
+ An example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{flalign*}
+A & =1 & B & =2 & C & =3\\
+X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4
+\end{flalign*}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By creating a flalign environment with an odd number of columns where an
+ empty TeX-brace is inserted to the last column, several formulas in a document
+ can be set to the left, although the formula style
+\series bold
+Centered
+\series default
+ is used.
+ As example the indented formula
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:VolInt"
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{flalign}
+\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}
+\end{flalign}
+
+\end_inset
+
+The first two columns contain the formula.
+ To indent it as with the formula style
+\series bold
+Indented
+\series default
+, 30
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt space was inserted at the beginning of the first column.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Eqnarray Environment
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Eqnarray-Environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! multiline ! eqnarray environment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When this environment has been created, three blue boxes appear.
+ The content of the first box is right aligned, the content of the last
+ one left aligned.
+ The content of the middle box appears centered and a bit smaller, because
+ it is designed to insert there only relation characters.
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+\frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D}\\
+AB & AB & AB\\
+A & = & A
+\end{eqnarray*}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Gather Environment
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! multiline ! gather environment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This environment consists of only one centered column.
+ Every line can be numbered.
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{gather}
+A=1\\
+X=\textrm{-}1
+\end{gather}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Multline Environment
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Multline-Environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! multiline ! multline environment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The multline environment consists, like the gather environment, of only
+ one column.
+ But the first line is left aligned, the last one right aligned.
+ All other lines are centered.
+ Therefore this environment is suitable for long formulas.
+ As example formula
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:lefteqn"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the multline environment:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{multline}
+4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\
+-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\\
+=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}
+\end{multline}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the output only the last (first) line of a multline environment appears
+ numbered when the document numbering is right (left).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+numbering styles see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+shoveright
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+shoveright
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:c"
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+shoveleft
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+shoveleft
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- are equivalent.
- In (
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "eq:Lat"
+ a centered line can be right or left aligned, respectively.
+ The commands are used as follows:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+shoveright{line content}
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+shoveleft{line content}
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-) big Latin letters are used for the numbering in contrary to (
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "eq:Rom"
+The length
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+multlinegap
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! M !
+\backslash
+multlinegap
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ specifies the distance of the first line from the left page margin.
+ Predefined is the length 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As example the above formula where the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+multlinegap}{2cm}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+was inserted in TeX-mode before:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+multlinegap}{2cm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{multline}
+4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\
+\shoveleft{-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}\\
+=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}
+\end{multline}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+multlinegap}{0pt}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+The second line was left aligned using
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+shoveleft
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Multiline Formula Parts
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! multiline ! formula parts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To display only parts of a formula with multiple lines, one of the following
+ environments are used:
+\series bold
+aligned
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+alignedat
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+gathered
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+split
+\series default
+.
+ They can be inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math
+\family default
+ or by using the commands described in this section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The first three have the same properties as the corresponding multiline
+ formula environments, but it is possible to set further formula parts beside
+ them.
+ An example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\
+\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}
+\end{aligned}
+\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To get this formula, a displayed formula is created where the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+aligned
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! A !
+\backslash
+aligned
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is inserted.
+ A purple box appears around the blue formula box where now columns and
+ lines can be added.
+ Outside the multiline environment other formula parts can be set, like
+ the brace.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The aligned environment is also suitable for long formulas whose lines are
+ horizontally aligned.
+ Using aligned in a displayed formula has the advantage that the formula
+ number is vertically centered behind the lines.
+ As example formula
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:shortlong"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the aligned environment:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\begin{aligned}H=\; & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\\
+ & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}
+\end{aligned}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use the environments
+\series bold
+alignedat
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+gathered
+\series default
+, or
+\series bold
+split
+\series default
+, the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+alignedat
+\series default
+,
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! A !
+\backslash
+alignedat
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+gathered
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! G !
+\backslash
+gathered
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, or
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+split
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+split
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are inserted, respectively.
+ The split environment has the same properties as the aligned environment
+ but it can only have two columns.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Text in multiline Formulas
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Text-in-multiline"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Text ! in formulas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! multiline ! text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the Align environments, and the multline and gather environment, text
+ can be inserted that will appear in a separate line and doesn't affect
+ the column alignment.
+ To do this, the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+intertext
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! I !
+\backslash
+intertext
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is used in the following scheme:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+intertext{text}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The text should not be longer than a line because it cannot be hyphenated.
+ As LyX doesn't yet support
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+intertext
+\series default
+ directly, the text is written as mathematical text.
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+intertext
+\series default
+ must hereby be at the beginning of a line and appears in the output above
+ this line.
+ An example where the text was inserted at the beginning of the second line:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align}
+I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\
+\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{align}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Formula Numbering
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula numbering
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! numbering|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Formula numbering
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+General
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Numbered formulas can be created with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Numbered
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formula
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\family sans
+Ctrl+Alt
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+N
+\family default
+).
+ Existing formulas can be numbered with the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Toggle
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Numbering
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-toggle"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The formula number is displayed in LyX behind the formula as number sign
+ in parentheses.
+ The number sign is replaced in the output by the formula number.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When numbering is turned on in multiline formulas, all lines will be numbered.
+ But the numbering can be controlled with the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Toggle
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Numbering
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-line-toggle"
+\end_inset
+
+) for every line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Except for inline formulas, all formulas can be numbered with two different
+ styles, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Cross-References
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Cross-references ! to formulas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All labeled formulas can be cross-referenced.
+ A label is added by the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/label-insert.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The cursor must hereby be inside a displayed formula.
+ A dialog pops up displaying the prefix
+\series bold
+eq:
+\series default
+ in a text field.
+ The label is inserted there behind the prefix.
+ The predefined prefix means
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+equation
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and makes it easier to find labels in large documents because it marks
+ it as formula label to divide it from e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+section labels.
+ To change a label, the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ is used again.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The name of the label is displayed in LyX within two parentheses behind
+ formula.
+ A formula with a label is always numbered.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Cross-references are inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\family default
+ or with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A formula cross-reference appears in the output as formula number.
+ When in the cross-reference dialog window the format
+\series bold
+(<reference>)
+\series default
+ is chosen, the cross-reference appears in the output as formula number
+ in parentheses.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+By right-clicking on a cross-reference in LyX, one jumps to the formula
+ that is referenced.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here are as examples cross-references to formulas of the following subsections:
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note the different cross-reference types.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The equations
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:tag"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:c"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are equivalent.
+ In (
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "eq:Lat"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) big Latin letters are used for the numbering in contrary to (
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "eq:Rom"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+When the argument of
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+tag
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+tag
+\series default
+ is described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:User-defined-Numbering"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ contains a box like in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Paragraph-Boxes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, the formula cannot be referenced.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Subnumbering
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula numbering ! subnumbering
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the help of the commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+begin{subequations}
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+end{subequations}
+\series default
+ formulas can be subnumbered.
+ Both commands are inserted in TeX-mode.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+A=C-B\label{eq:a}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+addtocounter{equation}{-1}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+begin{subequations}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset VSpace -5mm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+B=C-A\label{eq:b}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+C=A+B\label{eq:c}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+end{subequations}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To create the example, the following is done:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+first formula is inserted
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+addtocounter{equation}{-1}
+\backslash
+begin{subequations}
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! A !
+\backslash
+addtocounter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+is inserted after the first formula
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+second formula is inserted
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+third formula is inserted
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+end{subequations}
+\series default
+ is inserted after the third formula
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Every formula between the commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+begin
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+end
+\series default
+ is subnumbered as a, b,
+\begin_inset Newline linebreak
+\end_inset
+
+c, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+ For multiline formulas every line will be subnumbered.
+ All subnumbered formulas are treated as
+\emph on
+one
+\emph default
+ numbered formula.
+ But as every numbered formula increases the counter
+\series bold
+equation
+\series default
+ by one, the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+addtocounter
+\series default
+ is needed to decrease it.
+ Otherwise the formulas
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:a"
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:b"
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:c"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ would be numbered as
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:a"
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:d"
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:f"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By inserting the commands in TeX-mode, a space is created between the first
+ two formulas.
+ To revert this -5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+mm vertical space is inserted after the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+begin{subequations}
+\series default
+.
+ When the formula style
+\series bold
+Indented
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+formula styles see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ is used, -7
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+mm space is inserted instead.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example for a multiline formula where the numbering was turned
+ off for the second line:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+begin{subequations}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+A & = & (B-Z)^{2}=(B-Z)(B-Z)\label{eq:d}\\
+ & = & B^{2}-ZB-BZ+Z^{2}\nonumber \\
+ & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f}
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+end{subequations}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+User-defined Numbering
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:User-defined-Numbering"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula numbering ! user-defined
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula numbering ! self-defined delimiters
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+With the standard numbering parentheses are set around the formula number.
+ To replace the parentheses for example by vertical bars, the following
+ line is added to the LaTeX-preamble:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+def
+\backslash
+tagform@#1{
+\backslash
+maketag@@@{|#1|}}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This macro is already declared in the LaTeX-preamble for testing.
+ To activate it, remove the percent sign at the beginning.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use other characters, the vertical bars besides the
+\series bold
+#1
+\series default
+ are replaced by one ore more characters.
+ To get only the formula number the vertical bars are omitted.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+When there should be an expression of your choice instead of the consecutive
+ formula number in parentheses behind the formula, the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+tag
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! T !
+\backslash
+tag
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is used:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+In this example the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+tag
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+something
+\series default
+ was inserted to the formula.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+tag*
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+something
+\series default
+ is inserted instead, the star prevents the parentheses around the expression:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+A+B=C\tag*{something}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+To restart the formula numbering with new document parts or sections, the
+ following command is used:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+@addtoreset{equation}{part}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands !
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+"
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+@
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+"
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ !
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+"
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+@
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+"
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+addtoreset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+resp.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+@addtoreset{equation}{section}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To be able to use these commands in TeX-mode, the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+@
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ character has to be made
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+active
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ for LaTeX using the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+makeatletter.
+
+\series default
+ The command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+makeatother
+\series default
+ reverts this.
+ So the command sequence in TeX-mode is:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+makeatletter
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+@addtoreset{equation}{section}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+makeatother
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the LaTeX-preamble
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+makeatletter
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+makeatother
+\series default
+ can be omitted as they are automatically internally inserted by LyX.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To revert
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+@addtoreset
+\series default
+, the file
+\series bold
+remreset.sty
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+remreset
+\series default
+ is part of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+carlisle
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! carlisle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ that is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! remreset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ has to be loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{remreset}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Then the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+@removefromreset
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands !
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+"
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+@
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+"
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ !
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+"
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+@
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+"
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+removefromreset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can be used with the same scheme as
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+@addtoreset
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+Sometimes formulas should be numbered in the following form:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+(section number.formula number)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The formula number should start with every section with
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+1
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For this case there is the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+numberwithin
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! N !
+\backslash
+numberwithin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, which is used with the following scheme:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+numberwithin{counter}{sectioning}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Counter denotes what kind of numbering is affected, sectioning denotes what
+ number is before the dot.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Thus in our case the following LaTeX-preamble or TeX-Code line is used:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+numberwithin{equation}{section}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is the result:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+numberwithin{equation}{section}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+A+B=C
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To number e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+tables so that the number of the part is the sectioning,
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+numberwithin{table}{part}
+\series default
+ is used.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To go back to the standard numbering or to prevent this kind of numbering
+ when it is defined by the document class, the following command is inserted
+ as TeX-Code or to the LaTeX-preamble:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+arabic{equation}}
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! A !
+\backslash
+arabic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+arabic{equation}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+or
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+thetable}{
+\backslash
+arabic{table}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+numberwithin
+\series default
+ uses internally the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+@addtoreset
+\series default
+, described above, that also needs to be reverted.
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+makeatletter
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+@removefromreset{equation}{section}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+makeatother
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Numbering with Roman Numbers and Letters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula numbering ! with letters
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula numbering ! with Roman numbers
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Formulas can also be numbered with Roman numbers and Latin letters.
+ To number for example with small Roman numbers, the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+roman{equation}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+is inserted before the formula in TeX-mode.
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! R !
+\backslash
+renewcommand
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ redefines the predefined command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+theequation
+\series default
+ to the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+roman{equation}
+\series default
+.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand
+\series default
+ has the same scheme like the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+ that is described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:The-Command-newcommand"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+equation
+\series default
+ is the formula counter.
+ When the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+the
+\series default
+ is used as prefix for a counter, the value of the counter is output as
+ Arabic number.
+ When a formula is numbered, LaTeX sets internally the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+theequation
+\series default
+ behind the formula.
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+roman{equation}
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! R !
+\backslash
+roman
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ outputs the counter as small Roman number.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All formulas behind the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renew
+\series default
+c
+\series bold
+ommand
+\series default
+ are now numbered Roman.
+ To switch to numbering with big Roman numbers, the command is inserted
+ again, but
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+roman
+\series default
+ is replaced by
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Roman
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! R !
+\backslash
+roman@
+\backslash
+Roman
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ To
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+number
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ with small Latin letters there is the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+alph
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! A !
+\backslash
+alph
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, for big ones there is the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Alph
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! A !
+\backslash
+alph@
+\backslash
+Alph
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Only maximal 26 formulas can be numbered with Latin letters in one document.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+roman{equation}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+A=\textrm{small roman}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+Roman{equation}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+alph{equation}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+C=\textrm{small Latin}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+Alph{equation}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To switch back to the default numbering, insert the command:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+arabic{equation}}
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! A !
+\backslash
+arabic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+arabic{equation}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+E=\textrm{Arabic}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+As you see, formulas are numbered serially independent from the numbering
+ style.
+ When then numbering should start with
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+1
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ when the style is changed, new equation counters have to be defined.
+ A description about this can be found in the file
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Formula-numbering.lyx"
+target "run:Formula-numbering.lyx"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Chemical Symbols and Equations
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Chemical characters ! Symbols
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Chemical equations
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Symbols ! chemical
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An example text from chemistry:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+The
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{SO_{4}^{2-}}$
+\end_inset
+
+-ion reacts with two
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Na^{+}}$
+\end_inset
+
+-ions to sodium sulfate
+\begin_inset Formula $\left(\mathrm{Na_{2}SO_{4}}\right)$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The chemical equation for this is:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This chemical equation can directly be created as formula.
+ To avoid that the symbols appear italic, everything is highlighted and
+ changed by the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-roman"
+\end_inset
+
+ to the upright font style.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+font styles
+\series bold
+
+\series default
+see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Font-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A more convenient way to typeset chemical formulas is to use the command
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! C !
+\backslash
+ce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ that is available when the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mhchem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is installed.
+ After inserting
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ to a formula a new blue box appears where chemical formulas can be inserted
+ in an intuitive way.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+H2CO3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{H2CO3}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+SO4^2-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{SO4^{2-}}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+(NH4)2S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{(NH4)2S}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+KCr(SO4)2.12H2O
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A-B
+\backslash
+dbond
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\backslash
+tbond
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{A-B\dbond C\tbond D}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+^227
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+_90
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+Th+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{_{90}^{227}Th+}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+CO2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+<=>
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2CO
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+CO2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-).
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-When the argument of
-\series bold
-
+->[
\backslash
-tag
-\begin_inset Foot
+alpha][
+\backslash
+beta]
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-tag
-\series default
- is described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:User-defined-Numbering"
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+2CO}
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\series default
- contains a box like in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Paragraph-Boxes"
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
-, the formula cannot be referenced.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Subnumbering
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula numbering ! subnumbering"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-With the help of the commands
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Inserting a formula to a
\series bold
\backslash
-begin{subequations}
+ce
\series default
- and
+ box will lead to LaTeX errors.
+ In this case TeX code has to be used like for
\series bold
\backslash
-end{subequations}
+ce{$
+\backslash
+mu
+\backslash
+hyphen$Cl}
\series default
- formulas can be subnumbered.
- Both commands are inserted in TeX-mode.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-An example:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=C-B\label{eq:a}\end{equation}
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-addtocounter{equation}{-1}
+ce{$
+\backslash
+mu
+\backslash
+hyphen$Cl}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-begin{subequations}
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset VSpace -5mm
-\end_inset
-
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=C-A\label{eq:b}\end{equation}
+\begin_layout Standard
+Using
+\series bold
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ the command for equation
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=A+B\label{eq:c}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:chem-reaction"
\end_inset
+ is:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-end{subequations}
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
+2Na+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To create the example, the following is done:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-first formula is inserted
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-addtocounter{equation}{-1}
-\backslash
-begin{subequations}
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! A ! \\textbackslash addtocounter"
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\newline
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series default
-is inserted after the first formula
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-second formula is inserted
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-third formula is inserted
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+SO4^2-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-end{subequations}
-\series default
- is inserted after the third formula
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Every formula between the commands
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-begin
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
-\backslash
-end
-\series default
- is subnumbered as a, b,
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-linebreak
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-c, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
- For multiline formulas every line will be subnumbered.
- All subnumbered formulas are treated as
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- numbered formula.
- But as every numbered formula increases the counter
-\series bold
-equation
-\series default
- by one, the command
-\series bold
+->
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-addtocounter
-\series default
- is needed to decrease it.
- Otherwise the formulas
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:a"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:b"
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:c"
+Na2SO4
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To create multiline chemical equations first a multiline formula is created
+ as described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas"
\end_inset
- would be numbered as
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:a"
+.
+ Afterwards the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ is used in every small blue box of the formula.
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:TEOS-reaction-1"
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:d"
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:TEOS-reaction-2"
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:f"
+ are an example of a multi-stage chemical reaction where every equation
+ has its own number.
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\ce{TEOS + 4O} & \ce{->} & \ce{Si(OH)4 + 4C2H4O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-1}\\
+\ce{Si(OH)4} & \ce{->} & \ce{SiO2 + 2H2O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-2}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-By inserting the commands in TeX-mode, a space is created between the first
- two formulas.
- To revert this -5\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-mm vertical space is inserted after the command
+Besides
\series bold
\backslash
-begin{subequations}
+ce
\series default
-.
- When the formula style
+ the
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+ package provides the command
\series bold
-Indented
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-formula styles see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\backslash
+cf
\series default
- is used, -7\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-mm space is inserted instead.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example for a multiline formula where the numbering was turned
- off for the second line:
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! C !
\backslash
-begin{subequations}
+cf
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
-A & = & (B-Z)^{2}=(B-Z)(B-Z)\label{eq:d}\\
- & = & B^{2}-ZB-BZ+Z^{²}\nonumber \\
- & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f}\end{eqnarray}
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+ that has to be used for special cases.
+ For more information about
+\series bold
\backslash
-end{subequations}
-\end_layout
+cf
+\series default
+ and more examples have a look at the documentation of
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "mhchem"
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Diagrams
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX supports two types of commutative diagrams:
+\series bold
+amscd
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+xymatrix
+\series default
+ that are explained in the following.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-User-defined Numbering
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:User-defined-Numbering"
-
-\end_inset
-
+Amscd Diagrams
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula numbering ! user-defined"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagrams ! amscd
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula numbering ! self-defined delimiters"
+Diagrams of this type visualize relations by vertical and horizontal lines
+ or arrows:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
+@AAA@.@VVV\\
+F@<<<E@<<<D
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
-With the standard numbering parentheses are set around the formula number.
- To replace the parentheses for example by vertical bars, the following
- line is added to the LaTeX-preamble:
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+To get them, the command
\series bold
\backslash
-def
-\backslash
-tagform@#1{
-\backslash
-maketag@@@{|#1|}}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
+CD
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-This macro is already declared in the LaTeX-preamble for testing.
- To activate it, remove the percent sign at the beginning.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! C !
+\backslash
+CD
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\series default
+ is inserted to a formula.
+ A blue box appears with two dashed lines where further commands can be
+ inserted.
+ With
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ a new line is created.
+ Horizontal relations are inserted in odd, vertical in even formula lines.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use other characters, the vertical bars besides the
-\series bold
-#1
-\series default
- are replaced by one ore more characters.
- To get only the formula number the vertical bars are omitted.
+To create the relations there are the following commands:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
-When there should be an expression of your choice instead of the consecutive
- formula number in parentheses behind the formula, the command
\series bold
-
-\backslash
-tag
+@<<<
\series default
+ creates a left arrow,
+\series bold
+@>>>
+\series default
+ a right arrow and
+\series bold
+@=
+\series default
+ a long equal sign
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! T ! \\textbackslash tag"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
- is used:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}\end{equation}
+\series bold
+@AAA
+\series default
+ creates an up arrow,
+\series bold
+@VVV
+\series default
+ an down arrow and
+\series bold
+@|
+\series default
+ a vertical equal sign
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
-In this example the command
\series bold
+@.
-\backslash
-tag
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\series default
+ is a placeholder for non-existent relations
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+All arrows can be labeled as follows:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Is text inserted between the first and second < or >, resp., it is placed
+ above the arrow.
+ When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears under
+ the arrow.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-spce
+\begin_layout Itemize
+When text for vertical arrows is inserted between the first and second A
+ or V, resp., it is placed left beside the arrow.
+ When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears right
+ beside the arrow.
+ If the text contains an A or V, these letters must be set into a TeX-brace.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As example a diagram with all possible relations:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
+@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
+D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
+\end{CD}
+\]
+
\end_inset
-something
-\series default
- was inserted to the formula.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When the command
+The command for this is:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
\series bold
\backslash
-tag*
+CD
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-something
-\series default
- is inserted instead, the star prevents the parentheses around the expression:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-A+B=C\tag*{something}\]
-
+A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Return
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-To restart the formula numbering with new document parts or sections, the
- following command is used:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
-@addtoreset{equation}{part}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! \"@\" ! \\textbackslash \"@\"addtoreset"
-
-\end_inset
-
+CD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\newline
-resp.
-\newline
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-@addtoreset{equation}{section}
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To be able to use these commands in TeX-mode, the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-@
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- character has to be made
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-active
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- for LaTeX using the command
-\series bold
-
+@AmAA@.@VV
\backslash
-makeatletter.
-
+{V
\series default
- The command
-\series bold
-\backslash
-makeatother
-\series default
- reverts this.
- So the command sequence in TeX-mode is:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
+V@| Ctrl+Return
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-makeatletter
-\newline
-
-\backslash
-@addtoreset{equation}{section}
-\newline
-
-\backslash
-makeatother
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the LaTeX-preamble
-\series bold
-\backslash
-makeatletter
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
-\backslash
-makeatother
-\series default
- can be omitted as they are automatically internally inserted by LyX.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To revert
\series bold
\backslash
-@addtoreset
-\series default
-, the file
-\series bold
-remreset.sty
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Foot
+CD
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-remreset
-\series default
- is part of the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-carlisle
-\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! carlisle"
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- that is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
+D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! remreset"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Xymatrix Diagrams
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
- has to be loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagrams ! xymatrix
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-\backslash
-usepackage{remreset}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Then the command
+To be able to use xymatrices, the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+xypic
+\series default
+ must be installed.
+ A xymatrix is created by inserting the command
\series bold
\backslash
-@removefromreset
+xymatrix
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! \"@\" ! \\textbackslash \"@\"removefromreset"
+ in a formula.
+ Then you are able to add new matrix columns and rows like for normal matrices,
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Matrices"
\end_inset
- can be used with the same scheme as
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-@addtoreset
-\series default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+In contrary to amscd diagrams, xymatrices supports diagonal and curved arrows,
+ and much more.
+ All possibilities to create commutative diagrams and decorations are explained
+ in detail in the
+\emph on
+XY-pic manual
+\emph default
+ that you find in the menu
+\family sans
+Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Specific
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Sometimes formulas should be numbered in the following form:
+Manuals
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Subsection
-\family typewriter
-(section number.formula number)
+\noun on
+Feynman
+\noun default
+ Diagrams
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagrams ! Feynman
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The formula number should start with every section with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-1
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For this case there is the command
+To be able to use
+\noun on
+Feynman
+\noun default
+-diagrams, the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+feyn
+\series default
+ must be installed.
+ A
+\noun on
+Feynman
+\noun default
+-diagram is created by inserting the command
\series bold
\backslash
-numberwithin
+Diagram
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! N ! \\textbackslash numberwithin"
+ in a formula.
+ Then you are able to add new matrix columns and rows like for normal matrices,
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Matrices"
\end_inset
-, which is used with the following scheme:
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Examples how to create
+\noun on
+Feynman-
+\noun default
+diagrams in LyX is given in the
+\emph on
+Feynman-diagram manual
+\emph default
+ that you find in the menu
+\family sans
+Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Specific
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-numberwithin{counter}{sectioning}
+Manuals
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Counter denotes what kind of numbering is affected, sectioning denotes what
- number is before the dot.
+\begin_layout Section
+User-defined Commands
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+User-defined commands
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Thus in our case the following LaTeX-preamble or ERT line is used:
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ The names of user-defined commands and macros may only consist of Latin
+ letters.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-numberwithin{equation}{section}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is the result:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Command
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:The-Command-newcommand"
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+User-defined commands !
\backslash
-numberwithin{equation}{section}
+newcommand
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! N !
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To number e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
-tables so that the number of the part is the sectioning,
-\newline
-
+Many LaTeX-commands are too long to be used frequently.
+ But it is possible to define with the command
\series bold
\backslash
-numberwithin{table}{part}
+newcommand
\series default
- is used.
+ new shorter commands.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To go back to the standard numbering or to prevent this kind of numbering
- when it is defined by the document class, the following command is inserted
- as ERT or to the LaTeX-preamble:
+The command scheme of
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+ is:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
-\backslash
-arabic{equation}}
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! A ! \\textbackslash arabic"
-
+newcommand{new command name}[number of arguments][optional
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+value]
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
-\backslash
-arabic{equation}}
+newcommand
\end_layout
\end_inset
+{command definition}
+\end_layout
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\newline
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Note:
\series default
-or
+ Assure that the name of the new command is not already used in your document
+ or by LaTeX-packages that you use.
+ When you for example define the command
\series bold
-\newline
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-thetable}{
\backslash
-arabic{table}}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+le
+\series default
+ for
\series bold
\backslash
-numberwithin
+Leftarrow
\series default
- uses internally the command
+, you get an error message because
\series bold
\backslash
-@addtoreset
+le
\series default
-, described above, that also needs to be reverted.
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-makeatletter
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-@removefromreset{equation}{section}
-\end_layout
+ is already defined as command for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula $\le$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-makeatother
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Numbering with Roman Numbers and Letters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Numbering-with-Roman"
-
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula numbering ! with letters"
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The number of arguments is an integer in the range 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula numbering ! with Roman numbers"
-
+-
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-
+9 and specifies how many arguments the new command should have.
+ With the optional value a value for an optional argument can be predefined.
+ When this is done, the
+\emph on
+first
+\emph default
+
+\emph on
+a
+\emph default
+rgument of the new command is automatically an optional one.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Formulas can also be numbered with Roman numbers and Latin letters.
- To number for example with small Roman numbers, the command
+Here are some examples:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Itemize
+To define the command
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
-\backslash
-roman{equation}}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-is inserted before the formula in TeX-mode.
-
+gr
+\series default
+ for
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand
+Longrightarrow
\series default
+, the LaTeX-preamble line is:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! R ! \\textbackslash renewcommand"
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- redefines the predefined command
-\series bold
-\backslash
-theequation
-\series default
- to the command
\series bold
\backslash
-roman{equation}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+gr}{
+\backslash
+Longrightarrow}
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The command
+\begin_layout Itemize
+To define the command
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand
+us
\series default
- has the same scheme like the command
+ for
\series bold
\backslash
-newcommand
+underline
\series default
- that is described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:User-defined-commands"
-
+, the argument (that should be underlined) must be taken into account.
+ For this the preamble line is:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-.
-
-\series bold
-equation
-\series default
- is the formula counter.
- When the command
-\series bold
-\backslash
-the
-\series default
- is used as prefix for a counter, the value of the counter is output as
- Arabic number.
- When a formula is numbered, LaTeX sets internally the command
\series bold
\backslash
-theequation
-\series default
- behind the formula.
-
-\series bold
-
+newcommand{
\backslash
-roman{equation}
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! R ! \\textbackslash roman"
+us}[1]{
+\backslash
+underline{#1}}
+\series default
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-\series default
- outputs the counter as small Roman number.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-All formulas behind the command
+The character
\series bold
-
-\backslash
-renew
+#
\series default
-c
+ acts as argument placeholder, the
\series bold
-ommand
+1
\series default
- are now numbered Roman.
- To switch to numbering with big Roman numbers, the command is inserted
- again, but
+ behind it denotes that it is the placeholder for the first argument.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+For
\series bold
\backslash
-roman
+framebox
\series default
- is replaced by
+ one can e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+define the command
\series bold
\backslash
-Roman
+fb
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! R ! \\textbackslash roman@\\textbackslash Roman"
-
+:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-.
- To
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-number
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- with small Latin letters there is the command
+
\series bold
\backslash
-alph
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+fb}[3]{
+\backslash
+framebox#1#2{$#3$}}
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! A ! \\textbackslash alph"
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-, for big ones there is the command
+The two Dollar signs creates the extra formula needed for
\series bold
\backslash
-Alph
+framebox
\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! A ! \\textbackslash alph@\\textbackslash Alph"
+, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Boxes-with-Frame"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Itemize
+To create a new command for
\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Only maximal 26 formulas can be numbered with Latin letters in one document.
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+fcolorbox
+\series default
+ where the color for the box needn't to be specified, the argument for the
+ color is defined optional:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+newcommand{
\backslash
-theequation}{
+cb}[3][white]{
\backslash
-roman{equation}}
-\end_layout
+fcolorbox{#2}{#1}{$#3$}}
+\series default
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=\textrm{small roman}\label{eq:rom}\end{equation}
-
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+When the color is not specified when using
+\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
\backslash
-Roman{equation}}
+cb
+\series default
+, the predefined color
+\series bold
+white
+\series default
+ will be used.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+A test of the new defined commands:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}\end{equation}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
-\backslash
-alph{equation}}
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=\textrm{small Latin}\label{eq:lat}\end{equation}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
+\backslash
+gr
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
-\backslash
-Alph{equation}}
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}\end{equation}
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To switch back to the default numbering, insert the command:
+B
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
-\backslash
-arabic{equation}}
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! A ! \\textbackslash arabic"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\gr B$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-arabic{equation}}
+us{ABcd
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-E=\textrm{Arabic}\label{eq:arab}\end{equation}
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\us{ABcd}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-As you see, formulas are numbered serially independent from the numbering
- style.
- When then numbering should start with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\backslash
+fb{[2cm]
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
- when the style is changed, new equation counters have to be defined.
- A description about this can be found in the file
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
\backslash
-href{Formula-numbering.lyx}{
-\end_layout
-
+{
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-Formula-numbering.lyx
+
+\backslash
+{
+\backslash
+int
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+A=B
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-User-defined commands
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:User-defined-commands"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "User-defined commands"
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fb{[2cm]}{}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Many LaTeX-commands are too long to be used frequently.
- But it is possible to define with the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! N ! \\textbackslash newcommand"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- new shorter commands.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The command scheme of
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-newcommand
-\series default
- is:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+cb{red
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
-\series bold
\backslash
-newcommand{new command name}[number of arguments][optional
-\series default
-
-\series bold
-value]
-\newline
-
+{
+\backslash
+int
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-phantom{
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\backslash
-newcommand
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
+A=B
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-{command definition}
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_layout
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Assure that the name of the new command is not already used in your document
- or by LaTeX-packages that you use.
- When you for example define the command
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-le
-\series default
- for
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Leftarrow
-\series default
-, you get an error message because
-\series bold
-
+cb[green]
\backslash
-le
-\series default
- is already defined as command for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+{red
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\le$
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+{
+\backslash
+int
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+A=B
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb[green]{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- The names of user-defined commands may only consist of Latin letters.
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The number of arguments is an integer in the range 0\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
--\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-9 and specifies how
- many arguments the new command should have.
- With the optional value a value for an optional argument can be predefined.
- When this is done, the
-\emph on
-first
-\emph default
-
-\emph on
-a
-\emph default
-rgument of the new command is automatically an optional one.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here are some examples:
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math Macros
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+User-defined commands! Math macros
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-To define the command
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-gr
-\series default
- for
-\series bold
-\backslash
-Longrightarrow
-\series default
-, the LaTeX-preamble line is:
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-medskip
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Macros
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\series bold
+\end_layout
-\newline
+\begin_layout Standard
+User-defined commands are especially convenient for complex expressions.
+ When you are for example dealing in a document with quadratic equations,
+ the same solution type occurs several times.
+ The general form of a quadratic equation is
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q
+\]
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-gr}{
-\backslash
-Longrightarrow}
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-To define the command
-\series bold
+The general form of the solution is
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}
+\]
-\backslash
-us
-\series default
- for
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-underline
-\series default
-, the argument (that should be underlined) must be taken into account.
- For this the preamble line is:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+To define a command for the solution formula where only the three parameters
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $p$
+\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Formula $q$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-medskip
-\end_layout
+ need to be specified and the index of
+\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
+\end_inset
+ can be given optionally, the LaTeX-preamble line is
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\series bold
-\newline
-
\backslash
newcommand{
\backslash
-us}[1]{
+qG}[4][1,
\backslash
-underline{#1}}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
+,2]{#2_{#1}=-
\backslash
-medskip
-\end_layout
-
+frac{#3}{2}
+\backslash
+pm
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\series bold
-
-\newline
-
-\series default
-The character
-\series bold
-#
-\series default
- acts as argument placeholder, the
-\series bold
-1
-\series default
- behind it denotes that it is the placeholder for the first argument.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
-\begin_layout Itemize
-For
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-framebox
-\series default
- one can e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
-define the command
\series bold
\backslash
-fb
-\series default
-:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+newcommand
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
\backslash
-medskip
+sqrt{
+\backslash
+frac{#3^{2}}{4}-#4}}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To create with this the solution formula, the command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\series bold
-\newline
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
\backslash
-fb}[3]{
+qG{
\backslash
-framebox#1#2{$#3$}}
-\series default
+lambda
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\backslash
+{p
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
\backslash
-medskip
+{q
+\series default
+ is inserted to a formula
+\series bold
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The definition of the new command is unintuitive because one has to know
+ the schemes of all used LaTeX commands, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+that a fraction is inserted in LaTeX as
\series bold
-\newline
-
+\backslash
+frac{numerator}{denominator}
\series default
-The two Dollar signs creates the extra formula needed for
+.
+ Furthermore one can easily forget a brace in the definition and cannot
+ see in LyX what the new command is doing.
+ To avoid these problems LyX offers the possibility to use math macros instead
+ of the command
\series bold
\backslash
-framebox
+newcommand
\series default
-, see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Boxes-with-Frame"
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A math macro is created by using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro_newmacroname_newcommand.png
+ scale 85
\end_inset
.
-\end_layout
+ The math macro toolbar appears together with the following box where the
+ macro is defined:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-To create a new command for
-\series bold
-\backslash
-fcolorbox
-\series default
- where the color for the box needn't to be specified, the argument for the
- color is defined optional:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/macrobox.png
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-medskip
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
\end_inset
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset FormulaMacro
+\newcommand{\qG}[4][1,\,2]{#2_{#1}=-\frac{#3}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{#3^{2}}{4}-#4}}
+\end_inset
-\newline
\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-cb}[3][white]{
+newmacroname is the default name of the macro that should be changed to
+ something sensible.
+ The wanted formula is inserted in the first blue box.
+ An argument placeholder is inserted with the command
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-fcolorbox{#2}{#1}{$#3$}}
+#argumentnumber
\series default
+, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+g
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
\backslash
-medskip
-\end_layout
+#1
+\series default
+ or by using the macro toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png
+ scale 85
\end_inset
+.
+ Argument placeholders are displayed red.
+ Maximum 9 arguments are possible.
+ Optional arguments are created with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
-\newline
-When the color is not specified when using
+.
+ The first non-optional argument can be transformed to an optional one with
+ the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ In the second blue box the appearance of the macro in LyX can be defined.
+ Normally you want to see it as it is defined, so the box is kept empty.
+ But when you have created a macro that needs lot of space on the screen,
+ you can insert in the box for example
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+qG:
+\backslash
+#1
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+,
+\series default
+
\series bold
\backslash
-cb
+#2
\series default
-, the predefined color
+
\series bold
-white
+,
\series default
- will be used.
-\end_layout
+
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-A test of the new defined commands:
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+#3,
+\backslash
+#4
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
-\end_layout
+\series default
+For the macro only the arguments with the macro name in front of them will
+ then be displayed in LyX, leading to a better overview.
+ The formula appears in the output as defined in the first box.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+The appearance of macros in formulas can furthermore be changed for single
+ macros by setting the cursor in the macro and using the menu
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+(Un)fold
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+Macro
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use a macro, the macro name is inserted as command to a formula, in our
+ case
\series bold
\backslash
-raisebox
+qG
\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
+.
+ Our macro looks in LyX like this:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-A
-\backslash
-gr
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/macrouse.png
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
\end_inset
-B
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $A\gr B$
+Here is our macro example with the arguments
+\begin_inset Formula $x$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $\ln(x)$
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Formula $B$
+\end_inset
+:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\qG x{\ln(x)}B
+\]
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
-us{ABcd
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX offers in the menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Editing\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Control
+\family default
+ different styles to edit macros.
+ To find the style that suits you the most, choose a style and set the cursor
+ in a macro formula to see the difference.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\us{ABcd}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
-\end_inset
+A math macro is transformed internally to a
+\series bold
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+ command when exporting the document.
+ The created
+\series bold
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+ command is not placed in the LaTeX-preamble, therefore macros can only
+ be used in formulas that are in the document below the macro definition
+ box.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+Math macros can also be directly be created from a
+\series bold
\backslash
-fb{[2cm]
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+newcommand
+\series default
+ command.
+ When writing for example the command
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\backslash
-{
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+larrow}[2]{
+\backslash
+xleftarrow[#2]{#1}}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+\series default
+in LyX as normal text, highlighting it completely and using then the shortcut
+
+\family sans
+Ctrl+M
+\family default
+, the command will be transformed to a math macro.
+ Using this method you need to be careful that the
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-{
-\backslash
-int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+newcommand
+\series default
+ command is typed correctly, otherwise you get a faulty macro leading to
+ LaTeX errors.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+Math macros currently yet have the problem that further formulas in macro
+ definitions are handled wrongly.
+ Therefore the example
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+fb
+\series default
+ from
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:The-Command-newcommand"
\end_inset
-A=B
+ cannot be created as macro.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+When the cursor is in a macro definition box, you will see the macro toolbar
+ in LyX:
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fb{[2cm]}{}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/MacroToolbar.png
-\backslash
-cb{red
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-\backslash
-{
-\backslash
-int
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Macros ! Toolbar
\end_layout
\end_inset
-A=B
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+The macro toolbar contains from left to right the following buttons:
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-cb[green]
-\backslash
-{red
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
-\backslash
-{
-\backslash
-int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="85col%">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-remove-param.png
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
-A=B
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb[green]{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Remove Last Argument
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Diagrams
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Diagrams"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To create diagrams, the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-amscd
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-amscd
-\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Append Argument
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! amscd"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
- is needed.
- It is loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-\backslash
-usepackage{amscd}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Diagrams visualize relations and look like this:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
-@AAA@.@VVV\\
-F@<<<E@<<<D\end{CD}\]
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-To get them, the command
-\series bold
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Make First Non-Optional into
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! C ! \\textbackslash CD"
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series default
- is inserted to a formula.
- A blue box appears with two dashed lines where further commands can be
- inserted.
- With
\family sans
-Ctrl-Return
-\family default
- a new line is created.
- Horizontal relations are inserted in odd, vertical in even formula lines.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To create the relations there are the following commands:
-\end_layout
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\series bold
-@<<<
-\series default
- creates a left arrow,
-\series bold
-@>>>
-\series default
- a right arrow, and
-\series bold
-@=
-\series default
- a long equal sign
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-@AAA
-\series default
- creates an up arrow,
-\series bold
-@VVV
-\series default
- an down arrow, and
-\series bold
-@|
-\series default
- a vertical equal sign
+Optional Argument
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\series bold
-@.
-
-\series default
- is a placeholder for non-existent relations
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-All arrows can be labeled as follows:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-make-nonoptional.png
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Is text inserted between the first and second < or >, resp., it is placed
- above the arrow.
- When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears under
- the arrow.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-When text for vertical arrows is inserted between the first and second A
- or V, resp., it is placed left beside the arrow.
- When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears right
- beside the arrow.
- If the text contains an A or V, these letters must be set into a TeX-brace.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-As example a diagram with all possible relations:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
-@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
-D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C\end{CD}\]
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The command for this is:
-\newline
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Make Last Optional into
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl-Enter
-\newline
+Non-Optional Argument
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-remove-optional-param.png
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-hphantom{
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Remove Optional Argument
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-@AmAA@.@VV
-\backslash
-{V
-\series default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert Optional Argument
+\end_layout
-\series bold
-V@| Ctrl-Enter
-\newline
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-remove-greedy-param.png
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-hphantom{
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Remove Last Argument
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-}
+Spitting Out To The Right
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-append-greedy-param.png
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\newpage
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Tips
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-texorpdfstring{
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Append Argument
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-Other useful math tips can be found in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "Voss"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+Eating From The Right
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-}{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Append Optional Argument
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-More about
-\backslash
-texorpdfstring is in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Tips"
+Eating From The Right
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Ions|see{Chemical characters}"
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Computer Algebra Systems
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX offers the exchange between mathematical expressions written in LyX's
+ math editor and external applications or user defined scripts.
+ Currently supported applications are
+\family sans
+Maple
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Mathematica
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Maxima
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Octave
+\family default
+.
+ Note that the set of supported mathematical constructs is limited only
+ to very simple cases.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Chemical Symbols and Equations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and"
+Usage
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Write some expression in a formula, go to the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Use Computer Algebra System
+\family default
+ menu and choose the application you have installed on the computer.
+ After that the result of computation should show on the right side of the
+ expression together with the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+=
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ operator.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Chemical characters ! Symbols"
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here are few simple examples (with results from
+\family typewriter
+Maxima
+\family default
+) to show what kind of computations can be performed:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37}{3}*2-\sum_{i=1}^{3}i^{i}=-\frac{22}{3}$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Chemical equations"
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37.0}{3}=12.33333333333333$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Symbols ! chemical"
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\int_{1}^{2}\sin(x)dx=\cos1-\cos2$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-An example text from chemistry:
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\det\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
+1 & 6 & 7\\
+2 & 5 & 8\\
+3 & 4 & 17
+\end{array}\right]=-56$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-The
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{SO_{4}^{2-}}$
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow0}\left(\frac{\sin(x)}{x}\right)=1$
\end_inset
--ion reacts with two
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Na^{+}}$
-\end_inset
--ions to sodium sulfate
-\begin_inset Formula $\left(\mathrm{Na_{2}SO_{4}}\right)$
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Keyboard shortcut
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Currently there is no keyboard shortcut for calling the algebra applications.
+ One can easily bind a shortcut to the
+\family sans
+math-extern
+\family default
+ LyX function (see the
+\family sans
+\emph on
+LyX Functions
+\family default
+\emph default
+ manual).
+ One could e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
- The chemical equation for this is:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\]
-
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This chemical equation can directly be created as formula.
- To avoid that the symbols appear italic, everything is highlighted and
- changed by the shortcut
+bind the
\family sans
-Alt-c\InsetSpace ~
-r
+Return
\family default
- to the upright font style.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+ key inside the math editor.
+ To bind it to
+\family typewriter
+Maxima
+\family default
+ one would use this shortcut definition command:
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-font styles
+
\series bold
-
-\series default
-see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Styles"
+command-alternatives break-paragraph;math-extern maxima
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Tips
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tips
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Negative Numbers
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Numbers ! negative"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Numbers ! negative
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
normal text:
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
x = -2
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
formula:
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $x=-2$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
solution:
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $x=\textrm{-}2$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Comma as Decimal Separator
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Comma"
+Comma as decimal Separator
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Comma
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
To avoid this, the comma is highlighted and changed to mathematical text
(shortcut
-\family sans
-Alt-m\InsetSpace ~
-m
-\family default
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-mode"
+\end_inset
+
).
\end_layout
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
icomma
was
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! was\\vspace{4mm}"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! was
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! icomma"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! icomma
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Physical Vectors
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Physical-Vectors"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Vectors ! physical"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Vectors ! physical
+\end_layout
\end_inset
braket
\series default
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-braket
-\series default
- should be part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! braket
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! braket"
-
\end_inset
that is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset Note Note
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
\series bold
braket
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
The following commands are defined:
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Bra{
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Bra{\psi}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Ket{
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Ket{\psi}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Braket{
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\Braket{\psi|\phi}$
\end_inset
Braket
\series default
assures that all vertical bars are set in the size of the surrounding brackets:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset Note Note
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
\series bold
braket
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
middle
\series default
, that is described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Self-defined Fractions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Self-defined-Fractions"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Fractions ! self-defined"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Fractions ! self-defined
+\end_layout
\end_inset
genfrac
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! G ! \\textbackslash genfrac"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! G !
+\backslash
+genfrac
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\series bold
bracket}{fraction bar thickness}{style}
-\newline
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-phantom{
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
\backslash
genfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The style is a number in the range of 0\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
--\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+The style is a number in the range of 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
3.
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Number
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Style (Size)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
0
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
display style formula
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
inline formula
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
2
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
small
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
3
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
tiny
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When no fraction bar thickness is given, the predefined value of 0.4\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pt will
- be used.
+When no fraction bar thickness is given, the predefined value of 0.4
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt will be used.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
tbinom
\series default
from
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Fractions"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
A test:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align*}
\text{Command} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[1mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[5mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B}\\
-\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B}\end{align*}
+\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B}
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Canceled Formulas
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Canceled-Formulas"
-
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! canceled"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! canceled
+\end_layout
\end_inset
cancel
\series default
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! cancel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ has to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
-cancel
-\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+
+\backslash
+usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! cancel"
+\backslash
+ifcancel
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- has to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
\series bold
+cancel
+\series default
+ is installed.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-hspace
-\series default
- and
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The space and
\series bold
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
cancel{
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\cancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bcancel{
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\bcancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
xcancel{
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\xcancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
cancelto{1
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\cancelto{1}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}\hspace{3mm}$
\end_inset
cancelto
\series default
is especially suitable to visualize the reduction of fractions within formulas:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+else
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+cancel
+\series default
+ is not installed:
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You need to install the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+cancel
+\series default
+ to see the rest of this subsection in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+fi
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Formulas in Section Headings
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! in section headings"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! in section headings
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-When the LaTeX-package
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+When
\series bold
hyperref
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! hyperref"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! hyperref
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+ support is enabled in the document settings dialog under
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- is used, PDF-bookmarks are automatically created for every section heading
- in the table of contents.
+Properties
+\family default
+, PDF-bookmarks are created for every section heading in the table of contents.
If a section heading contains formulas, they are incorrectly displayed
in the bookmark text, because formulas in bookmarks infringe the PDF convention
s.
a short title with the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Short\InsetSpace ~
+Short
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Title
\family default
.
\backslash
texorpdfstring{part}{alternative}
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Commands ! T ! \\textbackslash texorpdfstring"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! T !
+\backslash
+texorpdfstring
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-\begin_inset OptArg
+\begin_inset Argument
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Heading without formula in table of contents
\end_layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}{}
\end_layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
To get the same formatting as for the other headings, the complete heading
was set into a
\series bold
-boldmath environment
+boldmath
\series default
-
+ environment
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Bold-Formulas"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Formulas in multi-column Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! in multi-column text"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! in multi-column text
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
multicol
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! multicol"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! multicol
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Note herby that the setting
\family sans
-Two-column\InsetSpace ~
+Two-column
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
document
\family default
in the menu
\family default
under
\family sans
-Text\InsetSpace ~
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Layout
\family default
\emph on
\begin_layout Standard
is written in TeX-mode.
- The column number is a number in the range of 2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
--\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+ The column number is a number in the range of 2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
10.
Before the formula the multi-column text is ended by inserting the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Due to the command some space is automatically added before the formula.
- To revert this, -6\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+ To revert this, -6
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
mm vertical space is inserted before the formula.
When the formula style
\series bold
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
formula styles see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
\end_inset
\series default
- is used, -9\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+ is used, -9
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
mm space is inserted instead.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang german
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
Das Spektrum wird fouriertransformiert.
- the Fouriertransformation wird verwendet, um the überlagerten Signale (Netzwerk
+ Die Fouriertransformation wird verwendet, um die überlagerten Signale (Netzwerk
, Lösungsmittel) zu trennen.
- Nachdem wir the Phasenverschiebung bestimmen konnten, interessiert uns
+ Nachdem wir die Phasenverschiebung bestimmen konnten, interessiert uns
nun das Aussehen des Ausgangssignals.
- Im Experiment haben wir es with sehr vielen Teilchen zu tun, so that man
+ Im Experiment haben wir es mit sehr vielen Teilchen zu tun, so dass man
über alle Phasen integrieren muss.
Sei nun
\begin_inset Formula $S$
\end_inset
- unser normiertes Ausgangssignal and
+ unser normiertes Ausgangssignal und
\begin_inset Formula $P$
\end_inset
- the Phasenverteilungsfunktion, so ergibt sich the Beziehung
+ die Phasenverteilungsfunktion, so ergibt sich die Beziehung
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi\label{eq:fouriertrafo}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset Formula $S_{0}$
\end_inset
- das Signal ohne Gradient ist and the Normierungsbedingung
+ das Signal ohne Gradient ist und die Normierungsbedingung
\begin_inset Formula $\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\,\mathrm{d}\phi=1$
\end_inset
gilt.
- Nun dürfen wir aber nicht the Relaxationsprozess außer Acht lassen.
- Direkt nach the
+ Nun dürfen wir aber nicht den Relaxationsprozess außer Acht lassen.
+ Direkt nach dem
\begin_inset Formula $\nicefrac{\pi}{2}$
\end_inset
-\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
--rf-Puls beginnt sich the Magnetisierung zu entfokussieren, wodurch sich
+
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+-rf-Puls beginnt sich die Magnetisierung zu entfokussieren, wodurch sich
das Signal zusätzlich abschwächt.
- Diese Abschwächung verläuft exponentiell in Abhängigkeit the so genannten
+ Diese Abschwächung verläuft exponentiell in Abhängigkeit der so genannten
\begin_inset Formula $T_{2}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang german
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
-
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Formulas with Description of Variables
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formula ! with description of variables"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! with description of variables
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
To describe variables within a formula, like in formula
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:within"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $n$
\end_inset
-\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
matrix is used with left aligned columns for the
\begin_inset Formula $n$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
matrices see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Matrices"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- To set the description in a smaller size, before the matrix e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
-the command
-
+ To set the description in a smaller size, before the matrix e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+the command
\series bold
\backslash
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
font sizes see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Font-Sizes"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
formula styles see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
Indented
\series default
, see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Variable-Space"
\end_inset
Centered
\series default
is used, the method described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Flalign-Environment"
\end_inset
is used to indent formulas.
Formula
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:within"
\end_inset
consists of five columns whereas in the first two columns contain the equation,
- the third the matrix, and the last one an empty TeX-brace.
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
+ the third the matrix and the last one an empty TeX-brace.
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{flalign}
\hspace{30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & \footnotesize\begin{array}{ll}
\rho & \textrm{density}\\
V & \textrm{volume}\\
-g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{flalign}
+g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}
+\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Upright small Greek Letters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Upright-small-Greek"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Greek letters ! upright"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Greek letters ! upright
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
upgreek
was
\series default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! was\\vspace{4mm}"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! was
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Packages ! upgreek"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! upgreek
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset Note Note
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
\series bold
upgreek
\series default
- is installed.
+ is installed:
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
With these commands reactions of elementary particles can be typeset:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_inset Note Note
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
\series bold
upgreek
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\begin_layout Subsection
Text Characters in Formulas
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Text-Characters-in"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Text ! in formulas"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Text ! in formulas
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Binary-Operators"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
-\newpage
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\start_of_appendix
-Typographic Advises
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Typographic Advises"
+Typographic Advice
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typographic advice
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
This collection was partly taken from the German semi-official dictionary
called
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
key "Duden"
\end_inset
that lists some of the ISO rules.
+ More rules are listed in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Checklist"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
done with font styles, see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Font-Styles"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-: 30\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+, no matter if they appear in italic text: 30
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
km/h
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
Between the value and the unit is the smallest space, see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Predefined-Space"
\end_inset
.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Percent and perthousand signs are set like physical units:
-\newline
-1,2\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+This convention is automatically fulfilled when the command
+\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\backslash
+unittwo
+\series default
+ is used.
+ When it is entered to a formula, two boxes appear.
+ In the first one the value is inserted, in the second one the unit, and
+ one gets as above:
+\begin_inset Formula $\unit[30]{km/h}$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Note that
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+unittwo
+\series default
+ is not a real LaTeX command but the command
+\series bold
\backslash
-textperthousand
+unit[value]{unit}
+\series default
+, therefore you cannot use it in TeX code.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Percent and perthousand signs are set like physical units:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+1,2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-\InsetSpace ~
-alcohol in blood
+‰ alcohol in blood
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
The degree sign follows directly on the value: 15°, but not when it is used
- in units: 15\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+ in units: 15
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
°C
\end_layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-18\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-473\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+18
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+473
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
588
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-For dimensionings like 120×90×40\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+For dimensions like 120×90×40
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
cm the multiplication sign
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
is used.
- It is available with the LaTeX-command
+ It is available either via the command
\series bold
\backslash
-texttimes
+times
\series default
-, but can also directly be inserted with some keyboard definitions.
+ or via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Special Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Symbols
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Functions with names consisting of several letters are set upright to avoid
confusions, see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Predefined-Functions"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
Components of matrices are set italic:
\begin_inset Formula $\hat{H}_{kl}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-The differentiation/integration operator 'd', the Euler's number 'e', and
+The differentiation/integration operator 'd', the Euler's number 'e' and
the imaginary unit 'i' should be set upright, to avoid mixing them up with
other variables.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The character that denotes a
+\noun on
+Fourier
+\noun default
+ transformation is inserted either by the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathscr
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+F
+\series default
+ or via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Special Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Symbols\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Letterlike
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Symbols
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{F}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
-\newpage
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
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projects / lyx.git / blobdiff