-#LyX 1.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 221
+#LyX 1.4.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 245
+\begin_document
+\begin_header
\textclass book
\begin_preamble
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+\end_header
-\layout Title
+\begin_body
+\begin_layout Title
Customizing LyX: Features for the Advanced User
-\layout Author
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Author
by the LyX Team
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
+status collapsed
-\layout Standard
-\noindent
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
Principal maintainer of this file is
-\noun on
+\noun on
Mike Ressler
-\noun default
+\noun default
.
If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX
Documentation mailing list, <lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org>.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-
-\layout Standard
+\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset LatexCommand \tableofcontents{}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\layout Chapter
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
Introduction
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This manual covers the customization features present in LyX.
In it, we discuss issues like keyboard shortcuts, screen previewing options,
printer options, sending commands to LyX via the LyX Server, internationalizati
add new features faster than we can document them---but we will explain
the most common customizations and hopefully point you in the right direction
for some of the more obscure ones.
-\layout Chapter
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
LyX configuration files
-\layout Standard
-
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{chap:config}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
This chapter aims to help you to find your way through the LyX configuration
files.
Before continuing to read this chapter, you should find out where your
LyX library directory is by using
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
H
-\bar default
+\bar default
elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-About\SpecialChar ~
+About\InsetSpace ~
Ly
-\bar under
+\bar under
X
-\family default
-\bar default
+\family default
+\bar default
.
This directory is the place where LyX places its system-wide configuration
files, and we will simply name it
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LyXDir
-\family default
+\family default
in the remainder of this document.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
What's in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LyXDir
-\family default
+\family default
?
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LyXDir
-\family default
+\family default
and its sub-directories contain a number of files and that can be used
to customise LyX's behaviour.
You can change many of these files from within LyX itself through the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
T
-\bar default
+\bar default
ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
+\bar default
references
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
Most customization that you might want to do to LyX is possible through
this dialog.
However, many other inner aspects of LyX can be customized by modifying
the files in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LyXDir
-\family default
+\family default
.
They fall in different categories, described in the following subsections.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Automatically generated files
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
These files are generated when you configure LyX.
They contain various default values that are guessed by inspection.
In general, it is not a good idea to modify them, since they might be overwritt
en at any time.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
lyxrc.defaults
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
contains defaults for various commands.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
packages.lst
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
contains the list of packages that have been recognized by LyX.
It is currently unused by the LyX program itself, but the information extracted
, and more, is made available with
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
H
-\bar default
+\bar default
elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
L
-\bar under
+\bar under
a
-\bar default
-TeX\SpecialChar ~
+\bar default
+TeX\InsetSpace ~
Configuration
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
textclass.lst
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
is the list of text classes that have been found in your
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
layout/
-\family default
+\family default
directory, along with the associated LaTeX document class and their description.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
doc/LaTeXConfig.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
is automatically generated during configuration from the file
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LaTeXConfig.lyx.in
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Directories
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
bind/
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
this directory contains files with the extension
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.bind
-\family default
- that define the keybindings used in LyX (see section\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+ that define the keybindings used in LyX (see section\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:bindings}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
- If there exists an internationalized version of the bindfile named
-\family typewriter
+ If there exists an internationalized version of the bind file named
+\family typewriter
$LANG_xxx.bind
-\family default
+\family default
, that will be used first.
- See Chapter\SpecialChar ~
+ See Chapter\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{chap:i18n}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
, and section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:bindings}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
for details.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
clipart/
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
contains graphics files that can be included in documents.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
doc/
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
contains LyX documentation files (including the one you are currently reading).
The file
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LaTeXConfig.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
deserves special attention, as noted above.
If there exists an internationalized version of the help-document with
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
$LANG_
-\family default
+\family default
prepended to the name, that will be used first.
- See Chapter\SpecialChar ~
+ See Chapter\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{chap:i18n}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
for details.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
examples/
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
contains example files that explain how to use some features.
In the file browser, press the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Examples
-\family default
+\family default
button to get there.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
images/
-\family default
+\family default
contains image files that are used by the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Document
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
In addition, it also contains the individual icons used in the toolbar
and the banners that can be shown when LyX is launched.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
kbd/
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
contains keyboard keymapping files.
- See Chapter\SpecialChar ~
+ See Chapter\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:keymap}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
for details.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
layouts/
-\family default
-\series default
- contains the text class files described in Chapter\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+\series default
+ contains the text class files described in Chapter\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{chap:textclass}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
reLyX/
-\family default
+\family default
contains lots of files that together make up reLyX, the translator of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
well behaved
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
LaTeX into LyX.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
scripts/
-\family default
+\family default
contains some files that demonstrate the capabilities of the
-\family sans
-External\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+External\InsetSpace ~
Template
-\family default
+\family default
feature.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
templates/
-\family default
-contains the standard LyX template files described in Chapter\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+contains the standard LyX template files described in Chapter\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:templates}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
tex/
-\family default
+\family default
contains some LaTeX cls files distributed with LyX.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
ui/
-\family default
+\family default
contains files with the extension
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.ui
-\family default
+\family default
that define the user interface to LyX.
That is, the files define which items appear in which menus and the items
appearing on the toolbar.
- See Chapter\SpecialChar ~
+ See Chapter\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:ui}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
for details.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Files you don't want to modify
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
These files are used internally by LyX and you generally do not need to
modify them unless you are a developer.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
CREDITS
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
this file contains the list of LyX developers.
The contents are displayed with the menu entry
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
H
-\bar default
+\bar default
elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-About\SpecialChar ~
+About\InsetSpace ~
LyX
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
chkconfig.ltx
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
this is a LaTeX script used during the configuration process.
Do not run directly.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
configure
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
this is the script that is used to re-configure LyX.
It creates configuration files in the directory it was run from.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Other files needing a line or two...
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
encodings
-\family default
+\family default
this contains tables describing how different character encodings can be
mapped to unicode
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
external_templates
-\family default
+\family default
this file contains the templates available to the new
-\family sans
-External\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+External\InsetSpace ~
Template
-\family default
+\family default
feature.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
languages
-\family default
+\family default
this file contains a list of all the languages currently supported by LyX.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lyxrc.example
-\family default
+\family default
Deprecated and definitely obfuscated.
This is the old style preferences file.
It will probably disappear in the near future.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Your local configuration directory
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Even if you are using LyX as an unprivileged user, you might want to change
LyX configuration for your own use.
The
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
UserDir
-\family default
+\family default
directory contains all your personal configuration files.
This is the directory described as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
user directory
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
in
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
H
-\bar default
+\bar default
elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-About\SpecialChar ~
+About\InsetSpace ~
LyX
-\family default
+\family default
.
This directory is used as a mirror of
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LyXDir
-\family default
+\family default
, which means that every file in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
UserDir
-\family default
+\family default
is a replacement for the corresponding file in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LyXDir
-\family default
+\family default
.
Any configuration file described in the above sections can be placed either
in the system-wide directory, in which case it will affect all users, or
in your local directory for your own use.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
To make things clearer, let's provide a few examples:
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
The preferences set in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
T
-\bar default
+\bar default
ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
+\bar default
references
-\family default
+\family default
dialog are saved to a file
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
preferences
-\family default
+\family default
in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
UserDir
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
When you reconfigure using
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
T
-\bar default
+\bar default
ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
R
-\bar default
+\bar default
econfigure
-\family default
+\family default
, LyX runs
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
configure
-\family default
+\family default
and the resulting files are written in your local configuration directory
- (see section\SpecialChar ~
+ (see section\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:autodetected}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
to have a list of the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
preferences
-\family default
+\family default
settings affected by this section).
This means that any additional text class file that you might have added
in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
UserDir/layouts
-\family default
+\family default
will be added to the list of classes in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
L
-\bar default
+\bar default
ayout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
D
-\bar default
+\bar default
ocument
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Similarly, if you have installed some LaTeX document classes in your home
directory, that LaTeX can find with your
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
TEXINPUTS
-\family default
+\family default
path, they will show up in your list of text classes.
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
as long as LyX or yourself have a
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.layout
-\family default
+\family default
file for it, of course.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
If you get some updated documentation from LyX ftp site and cannot install
it because you do not have sysadmin rights on your system, you can just
copy the files in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
UserDir/doc/
-\family default
+\family default
and the items in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
H
-\bar default
+\bar default
elp
-\family default
+\family default
menu will open them!
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Running LyX with multiple configurations
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The configuration freedom of the local configuration directory may not suffice
if you want to have more than one configuration at your disposal.
For example, you may want to be use different key bindings or printer settings
at different times.
You can achieve this by having several such directories.
You then specify which directory to use at run-time.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Invoking LyX with the command line switch
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-userdir
-\family default
-\emph on
+\family default
+\emph on
<some directory>
-\emph default
+\emph default
instructs the program to read the configuration from that directory, and
not from the default directory (you can determine the default directory
by running LyX without this switch as described above).
If this directory does not exist, LyX offers to create it for you, just
like it does for the default directory on the first time you run the program.
You can modify the configuration options in this additional
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Userdir
-\family default
+\family default
exactly as you would for the default directory.
These directories are completely independent (but read on).
Note that setting the environment variable
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LYX_USERDIR_13x
-\family default
+\family default
to some value has exactly the same effect
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Having several configurations also requires more maintenance: if you want
to add a new layout to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Userdir/layouts
-\family default
+\family default
which you want available from all your configurations, you must add it
to each directory separately.
You can avoid this with the following trick: after LyX creates the additional
empty subdirectory with a symbolic link to the matching subdirectory in
the existing configuration.
Take care with the
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
doc/
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
subirectory, however, since it contains a file written by the configuration
script (also accessible through
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
T
-\bar default
+\bar default
ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
R
-\bar default
+\bar default
econfigure
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:autodetected}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
)
-\family default
+\family default
which is configuration-specific.
-\layout Chapter
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
The
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
+\bar default
references
-\family default
+\family default
dialog
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Using the dialog for the first time
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
UserDir/preferences
-\family default
+\family default
file will contain only changes that you have made to the default behaviour,
some of which is hard-coded into LyX and some of which is contained in
the system file
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LyXDir/lyxrc.defaults
-\family default
+\family default
.
Note that in both files lines beginning with a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
#
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
are just comments and not interpreted.
However, only system administrators should edit
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LyXDir/lyxrc
-\family default
+\family default
.
Users should use the
-\family sans
+\family sans
-\bar under
+\bar under
T
-\bar default
+\bar default
ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
+\bar default
references
-\family default
+\family default
dialog to create and modify their own
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
UserDir/preferences
-\family default
+\family default
file.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
We hope that the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
T
-\bar default
+\bar default
ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
+\bar default
references
-\family default
+\family default
dialog will be largely self-explanatory.
Almost all the commands have an associated comment, so you shouldn't have
too much trouble modifying it to taste.
Before we highlight a few of the more important commands below, however,
a word of warning:
-\family sans
+\family sans
Apply
-\family default
+\family default
ing some of your changes (e.g., screen fonts) will have an instant effect.
Others (e.g.
changing the bind file) will not.
If nothing appears to have changed, just
-\family sans
+\family sans
Save
-\family default
+\family default
the changes and restart LyX.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
On-screen fonts
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The font used to display your documents on the LyX screen is very important,
since you'll be reading all your documents with this font.
Therefore it is important that the font is as readable and good-looking
so that you are better prepared for choosing your fonts, because it is
a trade-off that is specific to your preferences and the capabilities of
your system.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Notice that this section only deals with the fonts on the
-\emph on
+\emph on
screen
-\emph default
+\emph default
inside the LyX window.
The fonts that appear on the
-\emph on
+\emph on
paper
-\emph default
+\emph default
-\emph on
+\emph on
output
-\emph default
+\emph default
are independent from these fonts, and are determined by the document class.
Read the
-\emph on
+\emph on
User's Guide
-\emph default
+\emph default
to learn how to change the font of the printed version of your document.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Basically, screen fonts come in two different kinds: scalable outline fonts
and non-scalable bitmap fonts.
This distinction seems a bit arbitrary, since non-scalable fonts are actually
scalable in most modern font renderers.
The difference lies in the
-\emph on
+\emph on
quality
-\emph default
+\emph default
of the scaling, and the
-\emph on
+\emph on
speed
-\emph default
+\emph default
of display.
The most important decision is thus whether you should use non-scalable
bitmap fonts or scalable outline fonts.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The scalable fonts are built from
-\emph on
+\emph on
outlines
-\emph default
+\emph default
of the single glyphs (i.e.
characters) in the font.
This means that each glyph is defined using mathematical curves that are
but in order to keep the rendering reasonably fast, tradeoffs have to be
made, and the result is that scalable fonts can be difficult to read at
small sizes.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Bitmap fonts on the other hand, are defined by bitmap graphics from the
start, so they will look good at all the sizes they are meant for.
However, they don't scale well, because in order to scale a glyph, each
pixel is enlarged into several pixels.
It is the same effect that happens if you try to enlarge a picture in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xv
-\family default
+\family default
or any other picture manipulation program.
In order to relieve this effect, bitmap fonts are typically provided in
several fixed sizes typically from around 8 pixels high up to 34 pixels
fonts.
The disadvantage is that sizes that don't exists as fixed versions have
to be scaled by doubling pixels, and thus look bad.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The net result of all this, is that bitmap fonts are generally best for
the small sizes, where they are available, while scalable fonts are generally
best for large sizes.
a scheme would be bad.
The best you can do is thus to try both schemes and decide for yourself
what suits you.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
By default, LyX uses non-scalable bitmap fonts (when using the XForms frontend).
For serif fonts,
-\emph on
+\emph on
times
-\emph default
+\emph default
is used, for sans serif fonts,
-\emph on
+\emph on
helvetica
-\emph default
+\emph default
is used, while
-\emph on
+\emph on
courier
-\emph default
+\emph default
is used as the monospaced/typewriter font.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
In the following, we will describe what to do if the text does not look
good in LyX.
We'll start with the most important parameters: DPI and font zoom.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
DPI setting and Font Zoom
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
LyX automatically tries to scale the fonts to look as close as the paper
output size as possible, except for the so-called font zoom factor.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
In order for this to work on all systems, it relies on the screen DPI (dots
per inch) setting to be correct.
The DPI setting for your system is autodetected by LyX using the information
the X server can provide.
You can check what LyX autodetects the DPI setting to, by running LyX as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lyx -dbg 2
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
On many systems, X is not set up correctly, so you should check that it
is correct by hand.
Run
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xdpyinfo | more
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and write down what the DPI is for the resolution you use (this will be
close to the value LyX detects).
It is the number mentioned as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
resolution
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
Also write down the number of pixels you have in the width (the first number
under
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
dimensions
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Then get the good old ruler out of the closet, and measure the width of
the visible screen-image on your monitor.
Convert this measurement to inches if you used a centimeter ruler by dividing
If this number is more than, say, 5 DPI from the detected value, you should
either fix the X setup, or at least tell LyX that the DPI is different
than the detected value.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
If you can't fix the X setup (which of course is best since other programs
than LyX will benefit from this as well), you can tell LyX the correct
DPI using the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Preferences
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
If the text is too small or too big for your taste, you should fiddle with
the font zoom setting.
This setting is used to scale the point size of the text.
e size, which you can't count on.
Since LyX is a WYSIWYM system anyways, this limitation isn't much of an
issue.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The default font zoom setting is 150, since a monitor is typically wider
than a piece of paper, but you should try to fiddle with it through the
-\family sans
-Font\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+Font\InsetSpace ~
-\bar under
+\bar under
Z
-\bar default
+\bar default
oom
-\family default
+\family default
setting in the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Preferences
-\family default
+\family default
dialog to find a size that you like.
When you've found a setting that seems to work nicely for you (tip: use
the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
A
-\bar default
+\bar default
pply
-\family default
+\family default
button to keep the dialog open while you experiment), you can make this
setting the default by using the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
S
-\bar default
+\bar default
ave
-\family default
+\family default
button.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
While it is often possible to find a suitable size for the text on the screen,
this doesn't necessarily mean that the fonts are the best ones available
on your system.
In order to help you get the most out of your system, you can use the font
definition commands to fine-tune the look of the text in greater detail
than merely size.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Font definition commands
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
As mentioned, LyX uses non-scalable bitmap fonts by default with the XForms
frontend.
For serif fonts,
-\emph on
+\emph on
times
-\emph default
+\emph default
is used, for sans serif fonts,
-\emph on
+\emph on
helvetica
-\emph default
+\emph default
is used, while
-\emph on
+\emph on
courier
-\emph default
+\emph default
is used as the monospaced/typewriter font.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
You can change all of these from within the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Preferences
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
The number of fonts that are available on different systems vary, but the
program
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xfontsel
-\family default
+\family default
should be available everywhere.
Use that program to find candidate fonts.
When you've found a font that you like, try to insert the first two elements
of the name (called
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
fndry
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
fmly
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xfontsel
-\family default
+\family default
) in the appropriate field in the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Preferences
-\family default
+\family default
dialog and press
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
A
-\bar default
+\bar default
pply
-\family default
+\family default
.
LyX will then reformat your document using the new font, and if you like
the font, you should
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
S
-\bar default
+\bar default
ave
-\family default
+\family default
it.
One place to start for a new font is to see if the scalable font
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
utopia
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
is available.
Tip: You can see whether a font is a bitmap font or a scalable font by
checking the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
resx
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
resy
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
fields in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xfontsel
-\family default
+\family default
.
If the value 0 is available, the font is scalable.
If the value 0 isn't available, the font is a bitmap font.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Before you go about scrapping a bitmap font because the larger sizes look
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
blocky
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
, you should toggle the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Use scalable fonts
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
button.
This is only useful if you use bitmap fonts, because only these don't scale
If you define this flag, LyX will only use the fixed font sizes that are
available, and this guarantees that all bitmap fonts look well.
(You can see which individual font sizes are available with the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xlsfonts
-\family default
+\family default
command.
Try
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
man xlsfonts
-\family default
+\family default
.) However, the prize is that the difference between the size of the fonts
on screen and the size of fonts on paper will be larger because LyX will
have to be satisfied with the closest available size, and not try to scale
a size to fit.
Also, you can risk that some logically different sizes, such as
-\family sans
+\family sans
Large
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Larger
-\family default
+\family default
, will be mapped to the same screen font, making it hard for you to see
the difference on screen.
We've decided not to use scalable fonts by default because of these artifacts,
But remember that this flag only makes a difference when you use bitmap
fonts.
Scalable fonts won't be affected for reasons you should understand by now.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
One final note regarding this flag: you should know that there is nothing
wrong with using bitmap and scalable fonts at the same time for different
purposes.
For instance, it's common to use the scalable
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Utopia
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
for the serif text together with a bitmap version of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Helvetica
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
And you can safely select the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Use scalable fonts
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
button without worries: It will only apply to the Helvetica font.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Sometimes the artifacts introduced by use of the flag can be relieved by
using the fine-detail screen font sizes which defines which point sizes
the different logical font sizes correspond to.
Run LyX as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lyx -dbg 513
-\family default
+\family default
to see exactly what concrete fonts the logical sizes map to, and try adjusting
the corresponding entries in the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Preferences
-\family default
+\family default
dialog until you've managed to hit the nail and get the fonts you want.
This can be hard to do, because LyX uses the DPI setting and the font zoom
settings to calculate which exact screen font size to ask the X server
transparent if you set both the DPI setting and font zoom settings to 100---eve
n when this is known to be wrong.
This will of course make your scalable fonts look weird, so use with care.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Font encoding
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
By default, LyX will use fonts meant to write Western European text, including
all kinds of English.
This is defined through the so-called
-\emph on
+\emph on
font
-\emph default
+\emph default
-\emph on
+\emph on
encoding
-\emph default
+\emph default
.
If you want to use LyX to write for instance Eastern European text, Cyrillic
or any other language not covered by the ISO-8859-1 font encoding, you
can define a different one with the encoding setting.
This requires you to have special fonts installed.
You can use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xfontsel
-\family default
+\family default
to see whether this is the case: check the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
rgstry
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
encdng
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
fields for ISO-8859-X values different from ISO-8859-1, and search for
one that contains the national characters of your language.
If you find any, enter this encoding in the dialog.
If not, go searching the Web for appropriate fonts.
For the Qt frontend, it's recommended you use an iso646 font set.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
When you've set LyX up to use a different font encoding, you should also
consider changing the font used by dialog windows in LyX.
For instance, the
-\family sans
-Table\SpecialChar ~
-of\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+Table\InsetSpace ~
+of\InsetSpace ~
Contents
-\family default
+\family default
dialog will not be understandable unless you tell LyX to use a different
font for this.
By default the menu font is set to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-*-helvetica-medium-r
-\family default
+\family default
, but often Helvetica is not available in the font encoding you need, so
the dialog allows this to be changed.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
As you can see, there are quite a few options that can be used to fine tune
the look of your fonts.
This should not scare you from fiddling with the settings, because after
fonts that have to look good both on paper and on screen, LyX gives you
the possibility of using fonts that are designed to look good on the screen
while using a different set of fonts to look good on paper.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Bindings
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:bindings}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Bindings are used to, well, bind a function to a key.
Several prepackaged binding files are available: a CUA set of bindings
(familiar as the typical set of PC and CDE set of keyboard shortcuts),
an Emacs set of bindings, for those of us who follow the One True Way and
refuse to lower our standards,
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
I'm kidding here, of course!
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
as well as specialty bindings (broadway and hollywood) and other languages
(French, German, etc.).
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
If, however, you'd like to customise the keybindings to your own exacting
tastes, then copy the best-fit file in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LyXDir/bind/
-\family default
+\family default
to your own
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
UserDir/bind/
-\family default
+\family default
and modify that.
Don't forget to load this new file into LyX using the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Preferences
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
(For the moment you'll have to restart LyX for these changes to take effect.)
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-LyX supports internationalization of the user interface (see Chapter\SpecialChar ~
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX supports internationalization of the user interface (see Chapter\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{chap:i18n}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
If your
-\emph on
+\emph on
locale
-\emph default
+\emph default
is set, with the environment variable
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
$LANG
-\family default
+\family default
, LyX will try to use bindfiles by prepending
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
$LANG_
-\family default
+\family default
to their name.
For example, you can put a translated copy of some standard bind file in
your personal
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
bind/
-\family default
+\family default
directory, and LyX will use it automatically.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The syntax of the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.bind
-\family default
+\family default
files is straightforward:
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
bind <key combination> <lyx-function>
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Both key combination and lyx-function (including any arguments) must be
enclosed in "double quotes".
All the LyX functions are listed in the
-\emph on
+\emph on
Reference Guide
-\emph default
+\emph default
.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
User Interface
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:ui}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The appearance of both the menu and toolbar may both be changed using the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Preferences
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
Simply change the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.ui
-\family default
+\family default
file in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LyXDir/ui/
-\family default
+\family default
.
For the moment, only one file exists,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
default.ui
-\family default
+\family default
, but feel free to experiment.
Just copy the file to the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
UserDir/ui/
-\family default
+\family default
directory and play! Note that, for the moment, you'll have to restart LyX
for these changes to take effect.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The syntax of the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.ui
-\family default
+\family default
files is straightforward: have a look at
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
default.ui.
The Menubar
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Menu
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Toolbar
-\family default
+\family default
entries must be ended with an explicit
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
End
-\family default
+\family default
.
They may contain
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Submenu
-\family default
+\family default
s,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Item
-\family default
+\family default
s,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
OptItem
-\family default
+\family default
s,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Separator
-\family default
+\family default
s,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Icon
-\family default
+\family default
s and in the case of the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
file
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
menus, a
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Lastfiles
-\family default
+\family default
entry.
One small word of warning.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Submenu
-\family default
+\family default
s may be inserted in a
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Menubar
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Menu
-\family default
+\family default
, but they are defined as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Menu
-\family default
+\family default
s, not as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Submenu
-\family default
+\family default
s.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
-Converters, Formats and Viewers
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Section
+Converters, Formats, Viewers, Editors and Copiers
+\end_layout
-LyX has a new and powerful mechanism to convert to and from any file format
- using external programs.
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX has a powerful mechanism to convert to and from any file format using
+ external programs.
Define a pair of formats, e.g.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LaTeX
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
PDF
-\family default
+\family default
.
Now define a converter from one format to the other.
In our example, two possible mechanisms exist.
-\layout Enumerate
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
A direct conversion, from LaTeX to PDF using pdflatex
-\layout Enumerate
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
A more convoluted route using intermediate formats and converters: LaTeX
to DVI (using latex) to PostScript® (using dvips) to PDF (using ps2pdf).
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
LyX will always choose the shortest possible route, so you must specify
two different Format names for
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.pdf
-\family default
+\family default
files to be able to use either.
Both are included by default in the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Preferences
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
Have a look and then invent your own!
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Moreover, each Format can have a Viewer associated with it.
For example, you might want to use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
ghostview
-\family default
+\family default
to examine PostScript® files, or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xdvi
-\family default
+\family default
to preview the LaTeX output.
You can alter the viewer to use (and what options to pass to it) via the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
T
-\bar default
+\bar default
ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
-references:Converters
-\family default
+\bar default
+references:Conversion
+\family default
dialog.
For example, to change the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
dvi
-\family default
+\family default
viewer, select the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
DVI
-\family default
+\family default
format in the dialog, change the viewer to be
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
kdvi
-\family default
+\family default
(or whatever), and hit
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
M
-\bar default
+\bar default
odify
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Editors are like viewers: Each Format can have an Editor associated to it,
+ and they can be altered via the
+\family sans
+\bar under
+T
+\bar default
+ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+
+\bar under
+P
+\bar default
+references:Conversion
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ LyX uses them whenever an included file
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This can be an included
+\family typewriter
+.tex
+\family default
+ file, a verbatim included text file, external material or an included graphics
+ file.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ needs to be edited.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Finally, each Format can have a Copier associated to it.
+ Since all conversions from one Format to another take place in a temporary
+ directory, it is sometimes necessary to modify a file before copying it
+ to the temporary directory
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For example, the file may reference other files with relative filenames,
+ which will become invalid in the temporary directory
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This is done by the Copier: It copies a file to (or from) the temporary
+ directory and may modify it in the process.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+BibTeX and makeindex
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Both the bibliography generating command (default
+\family typewriter
+bibtex
+\family default
+) and the index generating command (default
+\family typewriter
+makeindex
+\family default
+ with options
+\family typewriter
+-c
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+-q
+\family default
+) can be changed.
+ As an alternative for
+\family typewriter
+makeindex
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+xindy
+\family default
+ can be recommended.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The command to enter is
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+
+\family typewriter
+makeindex.sh -m $$lang
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+where the placeholder
+\family typewriter
+$$lang
+\family default
+ will be replaced by the chosen document (babel) language.
+ For this, you must
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+have installed the packages
+\family typewriter
+xindy
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+make-rules
+\family default
+ (
+\family typewriter
+xindy-make-rules
+\family default
+).
+ Type
+\family typewriter
+makeindex.sh
+\family default
+ at a shell prompt for a help page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
ASCII export options
-\layout Standard
-\added_space_top bigskip \noindent
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
There are a couple of commands that can be used to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
clean up
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
exported ASCII text files.
Note that LyX automatically detects and uses the best settings for your
system at installation time, but you can modify them if you disagree with
its interpretation.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
-ASCII\SpecialChar ~
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+ASCII\InsetSpace ~
roff
-\family default
+\family default
-\series default
+\series default
This option defines the command used to produce better ASCII tables with
the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
groff/troff/nroff
-\family default
+\family default
UNIX-commands (refer to their manpages for more information about them).
Setting this as empty tells LyX to use the internal (inferior) formatter.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
-ASCII\SpecialChar ~
-line\SpecialChar ~
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+ASCII\InsetSpace ~
+line\InsetSpace ~
length
-\family default
+\family default
-\series default
+\series default
With this command you can set the default line length of the ASCII output
file.
Setting it to 0 means endless lines.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Printer
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
There are a bunch of configuration options that are used for interaction
with the external print command from LyX.
Normally the defaults are fine: if, however, your print command takes different
option names, you can modify them here.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Changing Colors
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
You can change the colors used by LyX on-screen using the new
-\family sans
+\family sans
Preferences
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
Alternatively, if you're feeling particularly perverse you could use the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
set-color
-\family default
+\family default
bindable function (see the
-\emph on
+\emph on
Reference Guide
-\emph default
+\emph default
).
Input would have the format:
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
set-color LyXName X11Color
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Here is a (partial) list of the functions and default colors:
-\layout Standard
-\align center
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="3">
<features>
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
LyX Name
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
Purpose
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
Default Color (X11)
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
background
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
text background
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
black
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
foreground
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
text foreground
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
linen
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
latex
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
LaTeX code
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
DarkRed
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
math
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
Mathed formulae
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
DarkBlue
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
mathline
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
fraction Lines, brackets, etc.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
Blue
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
mathbg
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
AntiqueWhite
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
mathframe
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
Magenta
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
mathcursor
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
black
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
selection
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
selection background
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
\color none
LightBlue
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
The autodetected settings
-\layout Standard
-
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:autodetected}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
There are several items that are detected for you when you run
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
T
-\bar default
+\bar default
ools
-\bar under
+\bar under
\SpecialChar \menuseparator
R
-\bar default
+\bar default
econfigure
-\family default
+\family default
.
In this section, we list those which pertain to the user preferences.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
-\backslash
+\backslash
ascii_roff_command
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
uses either
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
groff
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
nroff
-\family default
+\family default
+
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
tbl
-\family default
+\family default
, depending on what is available.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
-\backslash
+\backslash
chktex_command
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
is set to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
chktex
-\family default
+\family default
plus a bunch of options.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
-\backslash
+\backslash
print_spool_command
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
is set to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lp
-\family default
+\family default
on systems (so-called System V) who have this command, and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lpr
-\family default
+\family default
otherwise (BSD systems).
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
-\backslash
+\backslash
print_spool_printerprefix
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
is set to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-d
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-P
-\family default
+\family default
, depending on whether
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lp
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lpr
-\family default
+\family default
was found.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
-\backslash
+\backslash
font_encoding
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
is set to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
T1
-\family default
+\family default
if the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
ec
-\family default
+\family default
fonts are found and LaTeX has support for these fonts built-in.
You can set it manually if you only have the so-called
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
dc
-\family default
+\family default
fonts.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
The rest
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
There are many other configuration options that can be used to customize
LyX behavior.
We still need to document them here, but again, most should be fairly obvious.
Please ask on the mailing lists if you need some more information; it may
even prompt us to expand this section.
-\layout Chapter
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
Internationalizing LyX
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{chap:i18n}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
LyX supports using a translated interface.
Last time we checked, LyX provided text in 14 languages together with the
default English text.
The language of choice is called your
-\emph on
+\emph on
locale
-\emph default
+\emph default
.
(For further reading on locale settings, see also the documentation for
locale that comes with your operating system.
For Linux, the manual page for locale(5) could be a good place to start).
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Notice that these translations will work, but do contain a few flaws.
In particular, all dialogs have been designed with the English text in
mind, which means that some of the translated text will be too large to
keys for everything.
Sometimes, there are simply not enough free letters to do it.
Other times, the translator just hasn't got around to doing it yet.
- We'll try to fix these shortcomings in future versions of LyX.
-\layout Section
+ Our localization team -- which you may wish to join -- will try to fix
+ these shortcomings in future versions of LyX.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Selecting an alternative language for the user interface
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-This feature is disabled by default, meaning that the text will be English.
+\begin_layout Standard
+This feature is disabled by default, meaning that system default language
+ will be used.
To enable an alternative language, you have to set an appropriate environment
variable.
Use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
"setenv LANG xx"
-\family default
+\family default
-\family roman
+\family roman
for csh class shells
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
"export LANG=xx"
-\family default
+\family default
-\family roman
+\family roman
for sh class shells
-\family default
+\family default
.
Substitute the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xx
-\family default
- with the two letter code for the language you want.
+\family default
+ with the two letter code (or four letter code, like
+\family typewriter
+en_GB
+\family default
+ for British English) for the language you want.
For instance,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
no
-\family default
+\family default
is Norwegian.
-\layout Standard
-
-Normally, you'll want to put the appropriate line in
-\family typewriter
-~/.Xsession
-\family default
+ Besides the user interface texts being translated, also the appropriate
+ manuals will be presented under the Help menu -- if available.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+On some systems, you may have to redefine
+\family typewriter
+LC_ALL
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
-~/.xinitrc
-\family default
- so that the translation is on by default.
- Remember that if LyX is configured and compiled with
+\family typewriter
+LC_MESSAGES
+\family default
+ instead of
+\family typewriter
+LANG
+\family default
+, to override the system settings; their preference is in this order
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The shell variable LANGUAGE has been disabled in LyX for technical reasons.
+ Don't use it.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, which corresponds to the way GNU
+\family typewriter
+gettext
+\family default
+ does it.
+ Consult your system documentation.
+ Normally, you'll want to put the appropriate line in a shell script run
+ on start-up, so that the translation is on by default.
+ Remember that this affects
+\emph on
+all
+\emph default
+ localized packages, not only LyX!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If LyX is configured and compiled with
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
--disable-nls
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-, this will not work.
-\layout Section
+, this mechanism will not work.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Translating LyX
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Translating the graphical user interface (text messages).
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
LyX uses the GNU
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
gettext
-\family default
+\family default
library to handle the internationalization of the interface.
To have LyX speak your favorite language in all menus and dialogs, you
need a
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
po
-\family default
+\family default
-file for that language.
When this is available, you'll have to generate a mo-file from it and install
the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
mo
-\family default
+\family default
-file.
The process of doing all of this is explained in the documentation for
GNU
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
gettext
-\family default
+\family default
, but in short, this is what you do (
-\series bold
+\series bold
xx
-\series default
+\series default
denotes the language code):
-\layout Standard
-
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
-status Inlined
+status inlined
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
+\backslash
begin{sloppypar}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
Copy
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LYX-SOURCE-DIR/po/lyx.pot
-\family default
+\family default
to
-\series bold
+\series bold
xx
-\family typewriter
-\series default
+\family typewriter
+\series default
.po
-\family default
+\family default
(if
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lyx.pot
-\family default
+\family default
doesn't exist, it can be remade with
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
make lyx.pot
-\family default
+\family default
in that directory, or you can use an existing po-file for some other language
as a template).
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Edit
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xx.po
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
We recommend that you use Emacs to do this, since the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
gettext
-\family default
+\family default
distribution includes a nice mode that supports you in doing this.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\family default
+
+\family default
.
For some menu- and widget-labels, there are also shortcut keys that should
be translated.
Those keys are marked after a `|', and should be translated according to
the words and phrases of the
-\series bold
+\series bold
xx
-\series default
+\series default
-language.
There is a tool named
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
scgen.pl
-\family default
+\family default
written in Prolog in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LYX-SOURCE-DIR/development/tools/
-\family default
+\family default
that may be useful to help determine short-cut keys.
Note that XForms (version 0.86 at least) can't handle anything but 7-bit
characters as shortcut keys.
You should also fill also out the information at the beginning of the new
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
po
-\family default
+\family default
-file with your email-address, etc., so people know where to reach you with
suggestions and entertaining flames.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Generate
-\series bold
+\series bold
xx
-\family typewriter
-\series default
+\family typewriter
+\series default
.mo
-\family default
+\family default
.
This can be done with
-\newline
+\newline
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
msgfmt -o
-\family default
-\series bold
+\family default
+\series bold
xx
-\family typewriter
-\series default
+\family typewriter
+\series default
.mo <
-\family default
-\series bold
+\family default
+\series bold
xx
-\family typewriter
-\series default
+\family typewriter
+\series default
.po
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Copy the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
mo
-\family default
+\family default
-file to your locale-tree, at the correct directory for application messages
for the language
-\series bold
+\series bold
xx
-\series default
+\series default
, and under the name
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lyx.mo
-\family default
+\family default
-\newline
+\newline
(e.g.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
/usr/local/share/locale/
-\family default
-\series bold
+\family default
+\series bold
xx
-\family typewriter
-\series default
+\family typewriter
+\series default
/LC_MESSAGES/lyx.mo
-\family default
+\family default
)
-\layout Standard
-
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
-status Inlined
+status inlined
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
+\backslash
end{sloppypar}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
Adding a new po-file to the
-\emph on
+\emph on
distribution
-\emph default
+\emph default
of LyX involves altering the configure scripts and more, but the way
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
gettext
-\family default
+\family default
works, you don't actually need the source-code of LyX to translate it---having
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lyx.pot
-\family default
+\family default
(or an existing
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
po
-\family default
+\family default
-file) and the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
gettext
-\family default
+\family default
tools suffices.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
If you've written a translation file for a language that LyX does not currently
support, feel free to submit it for inclusion by sending a patch.
In this case, we recommend that you read the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
README
-\family default
+\family default
provided in the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LYX-SOURCE-DIR/po/
-\family default
+\family default
directory for more instructions.
-\layout Subsection
-
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Ambigous messages
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes it turns out that one english message needs to be translated into
+ different messages in the target language.
+ One example is the message
+\family typewriter
+To
+\family default
+ which has the german translation
+\family typewriter
+\lang german
+Nach
+\family default
+\lang english
+ or
+\family typewriter
+\lang german
+Bis
+\family default
+\lang english
+.
+
+\family typewriter
+gettext
+\family default
+ does not handle such ambigous translations.
+ Therefore you have to add some context information to the message: Instead
+ of
+\family typewriter
+To
+\family default
+ it becomes
+\family typewriter
+To[[as in 'From format x to format y']]
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+To[[as in 'From page x to page y']].
+
+\family default
+ Now the two occurences of
+\family typewriter
+To
+\family default
+ are different for
+\family typewriter
+gettext
+\family default
+ and can be translated correctly to
+\family typewriter
+\lang german
+Nach
+\family default
+\lang english
+ and
+\family typewriter
+\lang german
+Bis
+\family default
+\lang english
+, respectively.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Of course the context information needs to be stripped off the original
+ message when no translation is used.
+ Therefore you have to put it in double square brackets at the end of the
+ message (see the example above).
+ The translation mechanism of LyX ensures that everything in double square
+ brackets at the end of messages is removed before displaying the message.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
Translating the documentation.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The online documentation (in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
H
-\bar default
+\bar default
elp
-\family default
+\family default
-menu) can (and should!) be translated.
If there are translated versions of the documentation available
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
As of February 2003, almost all of the docs have been translated into German
and French.
The
-\emph on
+\emph on
Tutorial
-\emph default
- has been translated into at least 12 ther languages, with other translations
+\emph default
+ has been translated into at least 12 other languages, with other translations
in progress.
The library of translated documents is growing rapidly.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
, and the locale is set accordingly, these will be used automagically by
LyX.
LyX looks for translated versions as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LyXDir/doc/
-\series bold
+\series bold
xx
-\series default
+\series default
_DocName.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
, where
-\family typewriter
-\series bold
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
xx
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
denotes the language as set by the environmental variable
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
$LANG
-\family default
+\family default
.
If there are none, the default English versions will be displayed.
Note that the translated versions must have the same filenames (
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
DocName
-\family default
+\family default
above) as the original.
If you feel up to translating the documentation (an excellent way to proof-read
the original documentation BTW!), there are a few things you should do
right away:
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Read
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
DocStyle.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
, the guide to writing LyX documentation.
Pay special attention to the translator's section.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Check out the documentation translation web page at
\begin_inset LatexCommand \url[The LyX Developer's Web Site]{http://www.devel.lyx.org}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
That way, you can find out which (if any) documents have already been translate
You can also find out who (if anyone) is organizing the effort to translate
the documentation into your language.
If no one is organizing the effort, please let us know that you're interested.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Once you get to actually translating, here's a few hints for you that may
save you trouble:
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Join the documentation team! There is information on how to do that in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Intro.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
(
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
H
-\bar default
+\bar default
elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
I
-\bar default
+\bar default
ntroduction
-\family default
+\family default
), which by the way is the first document you should translate.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Learn the typographic conventions for the language you are translating to.
Typography is an ancient art and over the centuries, a great variety of
conventions have developed throughout different parts of the world.
Also study the professional terminology amongst typographers in your country.
Inventing your own terminology will only confuse the users.
-\emph on
+\emph on
(Warning! Typography is addictive!)
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Make a copy of the document.
This will be your working copy.
You can use this as your personal translated help-file by placing it in
your
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
~/.lyx/doc/
-\family default
+\family default
-directory.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Sometimes the original document (from the LyX-team) will be updated.
Use the ViewCVS tool available at
\begin_inset LatexCommand \htmlurl{http://www.lyx.org/viewcvs.cgi/lyxdoc/}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
to see what has been changed
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
Alternatively, you can keep a copy of the latest version of the English
document which you've translated.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
.
That way you can easily see which parts of the translated document need
to be updated.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
If you ever find an error in the original document, fix it and notify the
rest of the documentation team of the changes! (You didn't forget to join
the documentation team did you?)
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
International Keyboard Support
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\emph on
+\emph on
[Editor's Note: The following section is by
-\shape smallcaps
+\shape smallcaps
Ivan Schreter
-\shape default
+\shape default
.
It needs to be fixed to conform to the new Documentation Style sheet and
to make use of the new v1.0 features.
The whole thing also needs to be merged with the section following it.-jw]
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Defining Own Keymaps: Keymap File Format
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Let's look at a keyboard definition file a little closer.
It is a plain ASCII file defining
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
key-to-key or key-to-string translations
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
dead keys
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
dead keys exceptions
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
To define key-to-key or key-to-string translation, use this command:
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
kmap
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
key
-\emph on
+\emph on
-\emph default
+\emph default
outstring
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
where
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
key
-\family default
+\family default
is the key to be translated and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
outstring
-\family default
+\family default
is the string to be inserted into the document.
To define dead keys, use:
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
kmod
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
key
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
deadkey
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
where
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
key
-\family default
+\family default
is keyboard key and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
deadkey
-\family default
+\family default
is dead key name.
The following dead keys are supported (shortcut name is in parentheses):
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
-\emph on
+\emph on
Name
-\hfill
+\hfill
Example
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
acute (acu)
-\hfill
+\hfill
áéíóú
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
grave (gra)
-\hfill
+\hfill
àèìòù
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
macron (mac)
-\hfill
+\hfill
\i \={o}
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
tilde (til)
-\hfill
+\hfill
ñÑ
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
underbar (underb)
-\hfill
+\hfill
\begin_inset ERT
-status Inlined
+status inlined
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
+\backslash
b o
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
cedilla (ced)
-\hfill
+\hfill
çÇ
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
underdot (underd)
-\hfill
+\hfill
\begin_inset ERT
-status Inlined
+status inlined
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
+\backslash
d o
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
circumflex (circu)
-\hfill
+\hfill
âêîôû
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
circle (circl)
-\hfill
+\hfill
Å\i \r{u}
\i \r{U}
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
tie (tie)
-\hfill
+\hfill
\begin_inset ERT
-status Inlined
+status inlined
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
+\backslash
t o
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
breve (bre)
-\hfill
+\hfill
\i \u{a}
\begin_inset ERT
-status Inlined
+status inlined
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
+\backslash
u o
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
caron (car)
-\hfill
+\hfill
\i \v{c}
\i \v{s}
\i \v{z}
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
hungarian umlaut (hug)
-\hfill
+\hfill
\i \H{o}
\i \H{u}
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
umlaut (uml)
-\hfill
+\hfill
äöü
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
dot (dot)
-\hfill
+\hfill
\i \.{z}
\begin_inset ERT
-status Inlined
+status inlined
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
+\backslash
.s
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
Since in many international keyboards there are exceptions to what some
dead keys should do, you can define them using
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
kxmod
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
deadkey key outstring
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
For example, on Slovak keyboard, if you enter caron-o, it generates circumflex-o
, so you put in
-\layout Quotation
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
kxmod
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
caron o "
-\backslash
+\backslash
^o"
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
to make it work correctly.
Also, you have to define as exceptions dead keys over i and j, to remove
the dot from them before inserting an accent mark.
I will change this when the time comes, but so far I haven't had time.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Oh, and about characters: backslash is escaped, so to enter it, you'll need
double backslash.
Also, quotes and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
#
-\family default
+\family default
have different meaning.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
#
-\family default
+\family default
marks comments, quotes start and end LaTeX-style commands.
To enter quote, you'll need to use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
"
-\family default
+\family default
, to enter
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
#
-\family default
+\family default
, use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
#
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
If you make a keyboard description file that works for your language, please
mail it to me, so I can include it in the next keymap distribution.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
More keywords will be supported in keymap configuration file in future,
like
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
kinclude filename
-\family default
-\emph on
+\family default
+\emph on
-\hfill
+\hfill
-\family typewriter
-\emph default
+\family typewriter
+\emph default
include
-\family default
+\family default
another file
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
kprog program
-\family default
-\emph on
+\family default
+\emph on
-\hfill
+\hfill
-\family typewriter
-\emph default
+\family typewriter
+\emph default
define
-\family default
+\family default
an external keymap translation program
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Also, it should look into
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lyxrc
-\family default
+\family default
file for defaults, too (for example, a
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
kinclude
-\family default
+\family default
option to include default keyboard).
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
International Keymap Stuff
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:keymap}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The next two sections describe the
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
.kmap
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
and
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
.cdef
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
file syntax in detail.
These sections should help you design your own key map if the ones provided
do not meet your needs.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
The .kmap File
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
A
-\family sans
-\shape up
+\family sans
+\shape up
.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
kmap
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
file maps keystrokes to characters or strings.
As the name suggests it sets a keyboard mapping.
The
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.kmap
-\family default
+\family default
file keywords
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
kmap
-\shape default
+\shape default
,
-\shape up
+\shape up
kmod
-\shape default
+\shape default
,
-\shape up
+\shape up
ksmod
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
, and
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
kcomb
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
are described in this section.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
kmap
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
Map a character to a string
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\backslash
+\backslash
kmap
-\family roman
-\emph on
+\family roman
+\emph on
char
-\emph default
+\emph default
-\emph on
+\emph on
string
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This will ma
-\family roman
+\family roman
p
-\emph on
+\emph on
char
-\emph default
+\emph default
to
-\emph on
+\emph on
string
-\emph default
+\emph default
.
Note that in
-\emph on
+\emph on
string
-\emph default
+\emph default
,
-\shape up
+\shape up
the double-quote (")
-\shape default
+\shape default
and
-\shape up
+\shape up
the backslash (
-\backslash
+\backslash
)
-\shape default
+\shape default
must be escaped with a preceding backslash (
-\shape up
+\shape up
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\shape default
+\shape default
)
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
An example of a
-\family sans
-\shape up
+\family sans
+\shape up
kmap
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
statement to cause the symbol
-\family sans
-\shape up
+\family sans
+\shape up
/
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
to be output for the keystroke
-\family sans
-\shape up
+\family sans
+\shape up
&
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
is:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\backslash
+\backslash
kmap & /
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
kmod
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
Specify an accent character
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\backslash
+\backslash
kmod
-\family roman
+\family roman
-\emph on
+\emph on
char accent allowed
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This will make the cha
-\family roman
+\family roman
racter
-\emph on
+\emph on
char
-\shape up
+\shape up
be an accent
-\emph default
+\emph default
on the
-\emph on
+\emph on
allowed
-\emph default
+\emph default
cha
-\family default
+\family default
racter(s).
This is the dead key
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
The term
-\family roman
-\emph on
+\family roman
+\emph on
dead key
-\family default
-\emph default
+\family default
+\emph default
refers to a key that does not produce a character by itself, but when followed
with another key, produces the desired accent character.
For example, a German characte
-\family roman
+\family roman
r with an umlaut like
-\emph on
+\emph on
ä
-\emph default
+\emph default
can be produced in this manner.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
mechanism.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
If you
-\family roman
+\family roman
hit
-\emph on
+\emph on
char
-\emph default
+\emph default
and then another key not in
-\emph on
+\emph on
allowed
-\emph default
+\emph default
, you will get a
-\emph on
+\emph on
char
-\emph default
+\emph default
followed by the other, unallowed key, as output.
-\family default
+\family default
Note that a
-\family sans
-\shape up
+\family sans
+\shape up
Backspace
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
cancels a dead key, so if
-\family roman
+\family roman
you hit
-\emph on
+\emph on
char
-\family sans
+\family sans
-\shape up
+\shape up
Backspace
-\family default
-\emph default
+\family default
+\emph default
, the cursor will not go one position backwards but will instead cancel
the effect t
-\family roman
+\family roman
hat
-\emph on
+\emph on
char
-\emph default
+\emph default
might have had on the next keystroke.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The following example specifies that the character ' is to be an acute accent,
allowed on the characters a, e, i, o, u, A, E, I, O, and U:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\backslash
+\backslash
kmod ' acute aeiouAEIOU
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
ksmod
-\family default
+\family default
Specify an exception to the accent character
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\backslash
+\backslash
kxmod
-\family sans
-\emph on
+\family sans
+\emph on
-\family roman
+\family roman
accent char result
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This defines an exce
-\family roman
+\family roman
ption for
-\emph on
+\emph on
accent
-\emph default
+\emph default
on
-\emph on
+\emph on
char
-\emph default
+\emph default
.
T
-\shape up
+\shape up
he
-\emph on
+\emph on
accent
-\emph default
+\emph default
must
-\family default
+\family default
have been assigned a keystroke with a previous
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
kmo
-\shape default
+\shape default
d
-\family default
+\family default
declar
-\family roman
+\family roman
ation and
-\emph on
+\emph on
char
-\emph default
+\emph default
must not belong in the
-\emph on
+\emph on
allowed
-\emph default
+\emph default
set of
-\emph on
+\emph on
accent
-\emph default
+\emph default
.
When
-\shape up
+\shape up
you enter the
-\emph on
+\emph on
accent char
-\emph default
+\emph default
sequence,
-\emph on
+\emph on
result
-\emph default
+\emph default
is produced.
If such a declaration does not exist in
-\family default
+\family default
the
-\family sans
+\family sans
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.kmap
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
file and yo
-\family roman
+\family roman
u enter
-\emph on
+\emph on
accent char
-\emph default
+\emph default
, you get
-\emph on
+\emph on
accent_key char
-\emph default
+\emph default
where
-\emph on
+\emph on
accent_key
-\emph default
+\emph default
is the first arg
-\family default
+\family default
ument of the
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
-\backslash
+\backslash
kmod
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
declaration.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The following command produces causes äi to be produced when you enter acute-i
('i):
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\backslash
+\backslash
kxmod acute i "
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\backslash
+\backslash
'{
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\backslash
+\backslash
i}"
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
kcomb
-\family default
+\family default
Combine two accent characters
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\backslash
+\backslash
kcomb
-\family roman
-\emph on
+\family roman
+\emph on
accent1 accent2 allowed
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This one is getting pretty esoteric.
It allows you to combine the effect
-\family roman
+\family roman
of
-\emph on
+\emph on
accent1
-\emph default
+\emph default
and
-\emph on
+\emph on
accent2
-\emph default
+\emph default
(in that order!) on
-\emph on
+\emph on
allowed
-\emph default
+\emph default
chars.
The keystrokes for
-\emph on
+\emph on
accent1
-\emph default
+\emph default
and
-\emph on
+\emph on
accent2
-\emph default
+\emph default
must have be
-\family default
+\family default
en set with a
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
-\backslash
+\backslash
kmod
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
command at
-\family roman
+\family roman
a
-\emph on
+\emph on
previous
-\emph default
+\emph default
point in the
-\family default
+\family default
file.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Consider this example from the
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
greek.kmap
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
file:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\backslash
+\backslash
kmod ; acute aeioyvhAEIOYVH
-\backslash
+\backslash
kmod : umlaut iyIY
-\backslash
+\backslash
kcomb acute umlaut iyIY
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This allows you to press
-\family sans
-\shape up
+\family sans
+\shape up
;:i
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
and get the effect of
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
-\backslash
+\backslash
'{
-\backslash
+\backslash
"{i}}
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
.
-\family roman
-\shape up
+\family roman
+\shape up
A backspace
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
in this case cancels the last dead key, so if you press
-\family sans
-\shape up
+\family sans
+\shape up
;: Backspace i
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
you get
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
-\backslash
+\backslash
'{i}
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
The .cdef File
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
After the
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
.kmap
-\family sans
+\family sans
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
mapping is performed, a
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
.cde
-\shape default
+\shape default
f
-\family default
+\family default
file maps the strings that the symbols generate to characters in the current
font.
The LyX distribution currently includes at least the
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
iso8859-1.cdef
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
and
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
iso8859-2.cdef
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
files.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
In general the
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
+\family typewriter
+\shape up
.cdef
-\family sans
+\family sans
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
file is a sequence of declarations of the form
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\family roman
-\emph on
+\family roman
+\emph on
char_index_in_set
-\emph default
+\emph default
-\emph on
+\emph on
string
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
For example, in order to map
-\family sans
-\shape up
+\family sans
+\shape up
-\backslash
+\backslash
'{e}
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
to the corresponding character in the iso-8859-1 set (233), the following
declaration is used
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
233 "
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\backslash
+\backslash
'{e}"
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
with
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
"
-\family default
+\family default
being escap
-\family roman
+\family roman
ed in
-\emph on
+\emph on
string
-\emph default
+\emph default
.
Note that
-\family default
+\family default
the same character can apply to more than one string.
In the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
i
-\shape up
+\shape up
so-8859-7.cdef
-\family sans
+\family sans
-\family default
-\shape default
+\family default
+\shape default
file you have
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
192 "
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\backslash
+\backslash
'{
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\backslash
+\backslash
"{i}}"
-\newline
+\newline
192 "
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\backslash
+\backslash
"{
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\backslash
+\backslash
'{i}}"
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
If LyX cannot find a mapping for the string produced by the keystroke or
a deadkey sequence, it will check if it looks like an accented char and
try to draw an accent over the character on screen.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Dead Keys
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
There is a second way to add support for international characters through
so-called dead-keys.
A dead-key works in combination with a letter to produce an accented character.
Here, we'll explain how to create a really simple dead-key to illustrate
how they work.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Suppose you happen to need the circumflex character,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\i \^{}
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
You could bind the
-\family sans
+\family sans
^
-\family default
--key [a.k.a.\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+-key [a.k.a.\InsetSpace ~
-\family sans
+\family sans
Shift-6
-\family default
+\family default
] to the LyX command
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
accent-circumflex
-\family default
+\family default
in your
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lyxrc
-\family default
+\family default
file.
Now, whenever you type the
-\family sans
+\family sans
^
-\family default
+\family default
-key followed by a letter, that letter will have a circumflex accent on
it.
For example, the sequence
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family sans
+\family sans
^e
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
produces the letter:
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
ê
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
If you tried to type
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family sans
+\family sans
^t
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
, however, LyX will complain with a beep, since a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family sans
+\family sans
t
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
never takes a circumflex accent.
Hitting
-\family sans
+\family sans
Space
-\family default
+\family default
after a dead-key produces the bare-accent.
Please note this last point! If you bind a key to a dead-key, you'll need
to rebind the character on that key to yet another key.
Binding the
-\family sans
+\family sans
,-key
-\family default
+\family default
to a cedilla is a bad idea, since you'll only get cedillas instead of commas.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
One common way to bind dead-keys is to use
-\family sans
+\family sans
Meta-
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family sans
+\family sans
Ctrl-
-\family default
+\family default
, and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Shift-
-\family default
+\family default
in combination with an accent, like
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family sans
+\family sans
~
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family sans
+\family sans
,
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family sans
+\family sans
^
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
Another way involves using
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xmodmap
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xkeycaps
-\family default
+\family default
[remember them from section?] to set up the special
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Mode_Switch
-\family default
+\family default
key.
The
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Mode_Switch
-\family default
+\family default
acts in some ways just like
-\family sans
+\family sans
Shift
-\family default
+\family default
and permits you to bind keys to accented characters.
You can also turn keys into dead-keys by binding them to something like
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
usldead_cedilla
-\family default
+\family default
and then binding this symbolic key to the corresponding LyX command.
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
Note from
-\noun on
+\noun on
John Weiss
-\noun default
+\noun default
: This is exactly what I do in my
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
~/.lyx/lyxrc
-\family default
+\family default
and my
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
~/.xmodmap
-\family default
+\family default
files.
I have my
-\family sans
-Scroll\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+Scroll\InsetSpace ~
Lock
-\family default
+\family default
key set up as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Mode_Shift
-\family default
+\family default
and a bunch of these
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
usldead_*
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
symbolic keys bound such things as
-\family sans
-Scroll\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+Scroll\InsetSpace ~
Lock-^
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family sans
-Scroll\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+Scroll\InsetSpace ~
Lock-~
-\family default
+\family default
.
This is how I produce my accented characters.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
You can make just about anything into the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Mode_Switch
-\family default
+\family default
key: One of the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Ctrl-
-\family default
+\family default
keys, a spare function key, etc.
As for the LyX commands that produce accents, check the entry for
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
accent-acute
-\family default
+\family default
in the
-\emph on
+\emph on
Reference Manual
-\emph default
+\emph default
.
You'll find the complete list there.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Saving your Language Configuration
-\layout Standard
-
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:savlang}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
You can edit your preferences so that your desired language environment
is automatically configured when LyX starts up, via the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
E
-\bar default
+\bar default
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
+\bar default
references
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
-\layout Chapter
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
Installing New Document Classes, Layouts, and Templates
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{chap:textclass}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset OptArg
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
Installing New Document Classes
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
In this chapter, we describe the procedures for creating and installing
new LyX layout and template files, as well as offer a refresher on correctly
installing new LaTeX document classes.
Some definitions: a document class is a LaTeX file (usually ending in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.cls
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.sty
-\family default
+\family default
) which describes the format of a document such as an article, report, journal
preprint, etc.
and all the commands needed to realize that format.
A layout file is a LyX file which corresponds to a LaTeX document class
and which tells LyX how to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
draw
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
things on the screen to make the display look something like the final
printed page.
More precisely, a layout file describes a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
text class
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
which is the internal construct LyX uses to render the screen display.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Layout
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
text class
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
can be used somewhat interchangeably, but it is better to refer to the
file as the layout, and the thing living in LyX's memory as the text class.
class.
Templates are especially useful for things like journal manuscripts which
are to be submitted electronically.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Installing a new LaTeX package
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Some installations may not include a LaTeX package that you would like to
use within LyX.
For example, you might need FoilTeX, a common (and very powerful) package
Here are the formal steps involved in getting the package up and running
if you are using teTeX or some other web2c based distribution.
-\layout Enumerate
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
Get the package from CTAN or wherever.
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
See the
-\emph on
+\emph on
Inventory of your LaTeX configuration
-\emph default
+\emph default
manual for details of what CTAN is and where supported document classes
can be found.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\layout Enumerate
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
Read the file
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
texmf.cnf
-\family default
+\family default
(this usually lives in the directory
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
$TEXMF/web2c
-\family default
+\family default
, though you can run
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
kpsewhich texmf.cnf
-\family default
+\family default
to locate it).
It describes how to add a local
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
texmf
-\family default
+\family default
directory; follow the instructions.
You need to insert the name of your local
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
texmf
-\family default
+\family default
directory in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
texmf.cnf
-\family default
+\family default
.
Under Linux,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
/usr/local
-\family default
+\family default
is a logical place to install software that did not come with your distribution
, so you might use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
/usr/local/texmf
-\family default
+\family default
.
Usually, you will have to modify only two things:
-\begin_deeper
-\layout Enumerate
+\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
Set
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
TEXMFLOCAL
-\family default
+\family default
to the directory you chose; e.g.
-\newline
+\newline
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
TEXMFLOCAL = /usr/local/texmf
-\layout Enumerate
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
Make sure
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
TEXMF
-\family default
+\family default
includes the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
TEXMFLOCAL
-\family default
+\family default
variable; e.g.
-\newline
+\newline
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
TEXMF = {$HOMETEXMF,!!$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
-\end_deeper
-\layout Enumerate
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
Create your local
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
texmf
-\family default
+\family default
directory (e.g.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
/usr/local/texmf
-\family default
+\family default
).
You must follow the directory structure of your existing
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
texmf
-\family default
+\family default
directory (for example, latex packages should go under
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
/usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/
-\family default
+\family default
).
-\layout Enumerate
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
Install the package.
For example, you would unpack the FoilTeX tarball and create
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
/usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/foiltex
-\family default
+\family default
.
The
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
foiltex
-\family default
+\family default
directory contains various files.
-\layout Enumerate
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
Run:
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
texhash
-\family default
+\family default
.
This should create
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
/usr/local/texmf/ls-R
-\family default
+\family default
amongst others.
-\layout Enumerate
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
From within LyX, do:
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
T
-\bar default
+\bar default
ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
R
-\bar default
+\bar default
econfigure
-\family default
+\family default
.
Restart LyX.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Now you should see your new package---for example
-\family sans
+\family sans
slides (FoilTeX)
-\family default
+\family default
---under
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
L
-\bar default
+\bar default
ayout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
D
-\bar default
+\bar default
ocument
-\family default
+\family default
, field
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
C
-\bar default
+\bar default
lass
-\family default
+\family default
.
Note that there are simpler ways of installing packages: you can add a
link to the new package directory in the system LaTeX directory (
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
$TEXMF/tex/latex
-\family default
+\family default
, don't forget to then run
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
texconfig
-\family default
+\family default
), or sometimes simply set the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
$TEXINPUTS
-\family default
+\family default
environment variable to include the new package.
However, the formal procedure described in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
texmf.cnf
-\family default
+\family default
is guaranteed to work, so you should follow it unless circumstances absolutely
prevent it: such as, when you don't have superuser access.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Layouts
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This section describes how to write and install your own LyX layout files
(also known as text classes) and walks through the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
article
-\family default
+\family default
text class format as an example.
The
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.layout
-\family default
+\family default
files describe what paragraph styles are available for a given document
class and how LyX should display them.
We try to provide a thorough description of the process here; however,
we can't hope to cover every different possibility or problem you might
encounter.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
When you plan to write a new layout, it is extremely helpful to look at
the example layouts distributed with LyX.
If you use a nice LaTeX document class that might be of interest for others,
too, and have a nice corresponding LyX layout, feel free to contribute
the stuff to us, so we may put it into the distribution.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
All the tags described in this chapter are case-insensitive; this means
that
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Style
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
style
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
StYlE
-\family default
+\family default
are really the same command.
The possible values are printed in brackets after the feature's name.
The default value if a feature isn't specified inside a text class-description
is typeset
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
emphasized
-\family default
-\emph default
+\family default
+\emph default
.
If the argument has a datatype like
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
string
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
float
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
, the default is shown like this:
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
float=
-\emph on
+\emph on
default
-\family default
-\emph default
+\family default
+\emph default
.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Supporting new document classes
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
There are two situations you are likely to encounter when wanting to support
a new LaTeX document class, involving LaTeX2e class (
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.cls
-\family default
+\family default
) and style (
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.sty
-\family default
+\family default
) files.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
-A layout for an
-\family sans
+\begin_layout Subsection
+A layout for a
+\family sans
sty
-\family default
+\family default
file
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
If your new document class is provided as a style file that is used in conjuncti
on with an existing, supported document class, start by copying the existing
class's layout file into your local directory.
For the sake of example we'll assume that the style file is called
-\family sans
+\family sans
myclass.sty
-\family default
+\family default
and it is meant to be used with
-\family sans
+\family sans
report.cls
-\family default
+\family default
which is a standard class.
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
cp report.layout ~/.lyx/layouts/myclass.layout
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Then edit
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
myclass.layout
-\family default
+\family default
and change the line:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\backslash
+\backslash
DeclareLaTeXClass{report}
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
to read
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\backslash
+\backslash
DeclareLaTeXClass[report, myclass.sty]{report (myclass)}
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Then add:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Preamble
-\newline
+\newline
-\backslash
+\backslash
usepackage{myclass}
-\newline
+\newline
EndPreamble
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
near the top of the file.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Start LyX and select
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
T
-\bar default
+\bar default
ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
R
-\bar default
+\bar default
econfigure
-\family default
+\family default
.
Restart LyX and try creating a new document.
You should see "
-\family sans
+\family sans
report (myclass)
-\family default
+\family default
" as a document class option in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
D
-\bar default
+\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
S
-\bar default
+\bar default
ettings
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
It is likely that some of the sectioning commands and such will differ
from how the base class
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
+status collapsed
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
report
-\family default
+\family default
in this example
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
works, so you can fiddle around with the settings for the different sections
if you wish.
See below for more discussion on this.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Layout for a
-\family sans
+\family sans
cls
-\family default
+\family default
file
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
In this case, you will probably have to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
roll your own
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
layout.
We strongly suggest copying an existing layout file which uses a similar
At least use an existing file as a starting point so you can find out what
items you need to worry about.
Again, the specifics are covered below.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Declaring a new text class
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
When it's finally time to get your hands dirty and create or edit your own
layout file, the following sections describe what you're up against.
Our advice is to go slowly, save and test often, listen to soothing music,
It's really not that hard, except that the multitude of options can become
overwhelming if you try to do to much in one sitting.
Go have another adult beverage, just for good measure.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Here we go!
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Lines in a layout file which begin with a
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
#
-\family default
+\family default
are comments.
There is one exception to this rule: all layouts should begin with lines
like:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\size small
+\size small
#% Do not delete the line below; configure depends on this
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\size small
+\size small
#
-\backslash
+\backslash
DeclareLaTeXClass{article}
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The second line is used when you configure LyX.
The layout file is read by the LaTeX script
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
chkconfig.ltx
-\family default
+\family default
, in a special mode where
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
#
-\family default
+\family default
is ignored.
The first line is just a LaTeX comment, and the second one contains the
declaration of the text class.
If these lines appear in a file named
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
article.layout
-\family default
+\family default
, then they define a text class of name
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
article
-\family default
+\family default
(the name of the layout file) which uses the LaTeX document class
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
article.cls
-\family default
+\family default
(the default is to use the same name as the layout).
The string
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
article
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
that appears above is used as a description of the text class in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
D
-\bar default
+\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
S
-\bar default
+\bar default
ettings
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Let's assume that you wrote your own text class that uses the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
article.cls
-\family default
+\family default
documentclass, but where you changed the appearance of the section headings.
If you put it in a file
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
myarticle.layout
-\family default
+\family default
, the header of this file should be:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\size small
+\size small
#% Do not delete the line below; configure depends on this
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\size small
+\size small
#
-\backslash
+\backslash
DeclareLaTeXClass[article]{article (with my own headings)}
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This declares a text class
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
myarticle
-\family default
+\family default
, associated with the LaTeX document class
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
article.cls
-\family default
+\family default
and described as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
article (with my own headings)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
If your text class depends on several packages, you can declare it as:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\size small
+\size small
#% Do not delete the line below; configure depends on this
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\size small
+\size small
#
-\backslash
+\backslash
DeclareLaTeXClass[article,foo.sty]{article (with my own headings)}
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This indicates that your text class uses the foo.sty package.
Finally, it is also possible to declare classes for SGML and DocBook code.
Typical declarations will look like
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\size small
+\size small
#% Do not delete the line below; configure depends on this
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\size small
+\size small
#
-\backslash
+\backslash
DeclareSGMLClass{SGML (LinuxDoc)}
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
or
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
#% Do not delete the line below; configure depends on this
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
#
-\backslash
+\backslash
DeclareDocBookClass[article]{SGML (DocBook article)}
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Note that these declarations can also be given an optional parameter declaring
the name of the document class (but not a list).
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
When the text class has been modified to your taste, all you have to do
is to copy it either in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
$LyXDir/layouts/
-\family default
+\family default
or in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
$UserDir/layouts
-\family default
+\family default
and run
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
T
-\bar default
+\bar default
ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
R
-\bar default
+\bar default
econfigure
-\family default
+\family default
.
Exit LyX and restart it; then your new text class should be available along
with the others.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+File format
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The first non-comment line must contain the file format number:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Format
+\family default
+\series default
+ [
+\family typewriter
+int
+\family default
+] This tag was introduced with LyX 1.4.0 (layout files of LyX 1.3.x and earlier
+ don't have an explicit file format).
+ The file format that is documented here is
+\family typewriter
+2
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
General text class parameters
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
These are the general parameters which describe the form of the entire document:
-\layout Standard
-
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
-status Inlined
+status inlined
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
+\backslash
begin{sloppypar}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Columns
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
1
-\emph default
+\emph default
, 2
-\family default
+\family default
] Whether the class-default should have one or two columns.
Can be changed in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
D
-\bar default
+\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
S
-\bar default
+\bar default
ettings
-\family default
-\emph on
+\family default
+\emph on
-\emph default
+\emph default
dialog.
This setting (same goes for
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Sides
-\family default
+\family default
, too) is important: if your text class has two columns by default but you
forget to set it correctly, the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
twocolumn
-\family default
+\family default
LaTeX option will
-\emph on
+\emph on
not
-\emph default
+\emph default
be output when you select
-\family sans
+\family sans
Two columns
-\family default
+\family default
in
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
D
-\bar default
+\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
S
-\bar default
+\bar default
ettings.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Sides
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
1
-\emph default
+\emph default
, 2
-\family default
+\family default
] Whether the class-default should be printing on one or both sides of the
paper.
Can be changed in the
-\emph on
+\emph on
-\family sans
-\emph default
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\emph default
+\bar under
D
-\bar default
+\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
S
-\bar default
+\bar default
ettings
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
PageStyle
-\series default
+\series default
-\family default
+\family default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
plain
-\emph default
+\emph default
, empty, headings
-\family default
+\family default
] The class default pagestyle.
Can be changed in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
D
-\bar default
+\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
S
-\bar default
+\bar default
ettings
-\family default
-\emph on
+\family default
+\emph on
-\emph default
+\emph default
dialog.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
-MaxCounter
-\family default
-\series default
- [
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
-Counter_Chapter
-\emph default
-, Counter_Section, Counter_Subsection, Counter_Subsubsection, Counter_Paragraph,
-
-\newline
-Counter_Subparagraph, Counter_EnumI, Counter_EnumII,
-\newline
-Counter_EnumIII, Counter_EnumIV
-\family default
-] The highest level of automatic enumeration.
- Useful values are
-\family typewriter
-Counter_Chapter
-\family default
- for a book or report and
-\family typewriter
-Counter_Section
-\family default
- for an article.
- If there is no enumeration needed at all, for example inside a letter class,
-
-\family typewriter
-MaxCounter
-\family default
- should be set to
-\family typewriter
-Counter_EnumI
-\family default
-.
-
-\layout Description
-
-
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
ClassOptions\SpecialChar \ldots{}
End
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
This section describes various global options supported by the document
class.
- See Section\SpecialChar ~
+ See Section\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:classoptions}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
for a description.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
ProvidesAmsmath
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
0
-\emph default
+\emph default
, 1
-\family default
+\family default
] Whether the class already loads the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
amsmath
-\family default
+\family default
package.
This is the case of the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
amsart
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
amsbook
-\family default
+\family default
document classes.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
ProvidesMakeidx
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
0
-\emph default
+\emph default
, 1
-\family default
+\family default
] Whether the class already provides the functionality of the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
makeidx
-\family default
+\family default
package.
This is the case of the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
amsart
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
amsbook
-\family default
+\family default
document classes.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
ProvidesUrl
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
0
-\emph default
+\emph default
, 1
-\family default
+\family default
] Whether the class already provides the functionality of the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
url
-\family default
+\family default
package.
This is the case of the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
AASTeX
-\family default
+\family default
document class.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
DefaultFont
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
This is used to describe the default font of the document.
- See Section\SpecialChar ~
+ See Section\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:fonts}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
for a description.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
DefaultStyle
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string
-\family default
+\family default
] This is the style that will be assigned to new paragraphs, usually
-\family sans
+\family sans
Standard
-\family default
+\family default
.
This will default to the first defined style if not given, but you are
highly encouraged to use this directive.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
TitleLatexType
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
CommandAfter
-\family default
-\emph default
+\family default
+\emph default
,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Environment
-\family default
+\family default
] Indicates what kind of markup is used to define the title of a document.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
CommandAfter
-\family default
+\family default
means that the macro with name
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
TitleLaTeXCommand
-\family default
+\family default
will be inserted after the last layout which has
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
InTitle 1
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Environment
-\family default
+\family default
corresponds to the case where the block of paragraphs which have
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
InTitle 1
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
should be enclosed into the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
TitleLaTeXCommand
-\family default
+\family default
environment
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
TitleLatexCommand
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string="maketitle"
-\family default
+\family default
] The name of the command/environment mentionned above.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Preamble\SpecialChar \ldots{}
EndPreamble
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
A set of macro definitions that will be output at the beginning of the
LaTeX files.
Use this for global definitions.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Input
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
As its name implies, this command allows you to include another layout
definition file within yours to avoid duplicating commands.
Common examples are the standard layout files, for example,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
stdclass.inc
-\family default
+\family default
, which contains most of the basic layouts.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Style\SpecialChar \ldots{}
End
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
This sequence defines a new style.
- See Section\SpecialChar ~
+ If the style already exists, it will redefine some of its parameters instead.
+ See Section\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:style}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
for details.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
NoStyle
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
This command deletes an existing style.
This is particularly useful when you want to suppress a style that has
be defined in an input file.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Float\SpecialChar \ldots{}
End
-\family default
-\series default
- This sequance defines a new float.
- See Section\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+\series default
+ This sequence defines a new float.
+ See Section\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:floats}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
for details.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
NoFloat
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
This command deletes an existing float.
This is particularly useful when you want to suppress a float that has
be defined in an input file.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+CharStyle\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+End
+\series default
+
+\family default
+This section defines a new character style.
+ See Section\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:charstyle}
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+ for a description.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Counter\SpecialChar \ldots{}
End
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
This sequence defines a new counter.
- See Section\SpecialChar ~
+ See Section\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:counter}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
for details.
-\layout Standard
-
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
-status Inlined
+status inlined
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
+\backslash
end{sloppypar}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\family typewriter
ClassOptions
-\family default
+\family default
section
-\layout Standard
-
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:classoptions}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
The
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
ClassOptions
-\family default
+\family default
section can contain the following entries:
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
FontSize
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string="10|11|12"
-\family default
+\family default
] The list of available font sizes for the document's main font, separated
by
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
|
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
PageStyle
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string="empty|plain|headings|fancy"
-\family default
+\family default
] The list of available page styles, separated by
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
|
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Other
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string=""
-\family default
+\family default
] Some document class options, separated by a comma, that will be added
to the optional part of the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
documentclass
-\family default
+\family default
command.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Specific Paragraph Layouts
-\layout Standard
-
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:style}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
A paragraph layout description looks like this
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
Note that this will either define a new layout or modify an existing one.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Style
-\family roman
-\emph on
+\family roman
+\emph on
name
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
...
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
End
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
where the following commands are allowed:
-\layout Standard
-
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
-status Inlined
+status inlined
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
+\backslash
begin{sloppypar}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
CopyStyle
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\family typewriter
+[string]
+\family default
This is used to copy all the features of an existing layout into the current
one.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
LatexType
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
Paragraph
-\emph default
+\emph default
, Command, Environment, Item_Environment,
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
List_Environment
-\family default
+\family default
] How the layout should be translated into LaTeX.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Paragraph
-\family default
+\family default
means nothing special.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Command
-\family default
+\family default
means
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\emph on
+\emph on
LatexName
-\emph default
+\emph default
{\SpecialChar \ldots{}
}
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Environment
-\family default
+\family default
means
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
begin{
-\emph on
+\emph on
LatexName
-\emph default
+\emph default
}\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-\backslash
+\backslash
end{
-\emph on
+\emph on
LatexName
-\emph default
+\emph default
}
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Item_Environment
-\family default
+\family default
is the same as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Environment
-\family default
+\family default
, except that a
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
item
-\family default
+\family default
is generated for each paragraph of this environment.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
List_Environment
-\family default
+\family default
is the same as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Item_Environment
-\family default
+\family default
, except that
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LabelWidthString
-\family default
+\family default
is passed as an argument to the environment.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LabelWidthString
-\family default
+\family default
can be defined in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
L
-\bar default
+\bar default
ayout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
+\bar default
aragraph
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
-LatexName
-\family default
-\emph default
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
+LatexType
+\family default
+\emph default
is perhaps a bit misleading, since these rules apply to SGML classes, too.
Visit the SGML class files for specific examples.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
InTitle
-\series default
+\series default
[1, 0]
-\family default
+\family default
If 1, marks the layout as being part of a title block (see also the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
TitleLatexType
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
TitleLatexCommand
-\family default
+\family default
global entries)
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
LatexName
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
The name of the corresponding LaTeX stuff.
Either the environment or command name.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
LatexParam
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
The optional parameter for the corresponding
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
LatexName
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
stuff.
This parameter cannot be changed from within LyX.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+OptionalArgs
+\family default
+\series default
+ [
+\family typewriter
+int=0
+\family default
+] The number of optional arguments that can be used with this layout.
+ This is useful for things like section headings, and only makes sense with
+ LaTeX.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Margin
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
Static
-\emph default
+\emph default
, Manual, Dynamic, First_Dynamic, Right_Address_Box
-\family default
+\family default
]
-\newline
+\newline
The kind of margin that the layout has on the left side.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Static
-\family default
+\family default
just means a fixed margin.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Manual
-\family default
+\family default
means that the left margin depends on the string entered in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
E
-\bar default
+\bar default
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
-aragraph\SpecialChar ~
+\bar default
+aragraph\InsetSpace ~
Settings
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
This is used to typeset nice lists without tabulators.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Dynamic
-\family default
+\family default
means that the margin depends on the size of the label.
This is used for automatic enumerated headlines.
It is obvious that the headline
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
5.4.3.2.1 Very long headline
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
must have a wider left margin (as wide as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
5.4.3.2.1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
plus the space) than
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
3.2 Very long headline
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
, even if other word processors are not able to do this.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
First_Dynamic
-\family default
+\family default
is similar, but only the very first row of the paragraph is dynamic, while
the others are static; this is used, for example, for descriptions.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Right_Address_Box
-\family default
+\family default
means the margin is chosen in a way that the longest row of this paragraph
fits to the right margin.
This is used to typeset an address on the right edge of the page.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
NextNoIndent
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
1,
-\emph on
+\emph on
0
-\family default
-\emph default
+\family default
+\emph default
] Whether the following Paragraph is allowed to indent its very first row.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
1
-\family default
+\family default
means that it is not allowed to do so,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
0
-\family default
+\family default
means it could do so if it wants to.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
ParIndent
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string=""
-\family default
+\family default
] The indent of the very first line of a paragraph.
The argument is passed as a string.
For example
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
"MM"
-\family default
+\family default
means that the paragraph is indented with the width of
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
"MM"
-\family default
+\family default
in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
the
-\family default
+\family default
normal font.
You can get a negative width by prefixing the string with
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
"-"
-\family default
+\family default
.
This way was chosen so that the look is the same with each used screen
font.
The
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Parindent
-\family default
+\family default
will be fixed for a certain layout.
The exception is Standard layout, since the indentation of a Standard layout
paragraph can be prohibited with
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
NextNoIndent
-\family default
+\family default
.
Also, Standard layout paragraphs inside environments use the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Parindent
-\family default
+\family default
of the environment, not their native one.
For example, Standard paragraphs inside an enumeration are not indented.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Parskip
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
float=0
-\family default
+\family default
] LyX allows to choose either
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
indent
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
skip
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
to typeset a document.
When
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
indent
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
is chosen, this value is completely ignored.
When
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
skip
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
is chosen, the parindent of a LaTeXtype
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Paragraph
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
layout is ignored and all paragraphs are additionally separated by this
parskip argument.
The vertical space is calculated with
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
value*DefaultHeight()
-\family default
+\family default
where
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
DefaultHeight()
-\family default
+\family default
is the height of a row with the normal font.
This way, the look stays the same with different screen fonts.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
TopSep
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
float=0
-\family default
+\family default
] The vertical space with which the very first of a chain of paragraphs
with this layout is separated from the previous paragraph.
If the previous paragraph has another layout, the separations are not simply
added, but the maximum is taken.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
BottomSep
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
float=0
-\family default
+\family default
] The same as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
TopSep
-\family default
+\family default
for the very last paragraph.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Parsep
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
float=0
-\family default
+\family default
] The vertical space between two paragraphs of this layout.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Itemsep
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
float=0
-\family default
+\family default
] This is an extra space between the paragraphs of an environment layout.
If you put other layouts into an environment, each is separated with the
environment's
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Parsep
-\family default
+\family default
.
But the whole items of the environment are additionally separated with
this
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Itemsep
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
LeftMargin
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string=""
-\family default
+\family default
] If you put layouts into environments, the leftmargins are not simply added,
but added with a factor
\begin_inset Formula $\frac{4}{depth+4}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
Note that this parameter is also used when the border is defined as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Manual
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Dynamic
-\family default
+\family default
.
Then it is added to the manual or dynamic border.
This string has the same meaning as for
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
ParIndent
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
RightMargin
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string=""
-\family default
+\family default
] Similar to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LeftMargin
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Labeltype
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
No_Label
-\emph default
+\emph default
, Manual, Static, Top_Environment,
-\newline
-Centered_Top_Environment, Sensitive, Counter_Chapter,
-\newline
-Counter_Section, Counter_Subsection, Counter_Subsubsection,
-\newline
-Counter_Paragraph, Counter_Subparagraph, Counter_EnumI,
-\family default
-
-\family typewriter
-
-\newline
-Counter_EnumII, Counter_EnumIII, Counter_EnumIV
-\family default
+\newline
+Centered_Top_Environment, Sensitive,
+ Counter
+\family default
]
-\newline
+\newline
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Manual
-\family default
+\family default
means the label is the very first word (up to the first real blank).
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Static
-\family default
+\family default
means it is defined in the layout (see
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LabelString
-\family default
+\family default
).
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Top_Environment
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Centered_Top_Environment
-\family default
+\family default
are special cases of
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Static
-\family default
+\family default
.
The label will be printed above the paragraph, but only at the top of an
environment or the top of a chain of paragraphs with this layout.
Usage is for example the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Abstract
-\family default
+\family default
layout or the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Bibliography
-\family default
+\family default
layout.
This is also the case for
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Manual
-\family default
+\family default
labels with latex type
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Environment
-\family default
+\family default
, in order to make layouts for theorems work correctly.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Sensitive
-\family default
+\family default
is a special case for the caption-labels
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Figure
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Table
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Sensitive
-\family default
+\family default
means the (hardcoded) label string depends on the kind of float.
The
-\family typewriter
-Counter_xxx
-\family default
- label types should be self explanatory.
-\layout Description
+\family typewriter
+Counter
+\family default
+ label type defines automatically numbered labels.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+LabelCounter
+\family default
+\series default
+ [
+\family typewriter
+Chapter, Section, Subsection, Subsubsection,
+\newline
+Paragraph, Subparagraph, EnumI,
+ EnumII, EnumIII, EnumIV
+\family default
+]
+\newline
+The name of the counter for automatic numbering.
+ This must be given if
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Labeltype
+\family default
+\series default
+ is
+\family typewriter
+Counter
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Labelsep
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string=""
-\family default
+\family default
] The horizontal space between the label and the text body.
Only used for labels that are not above the text body.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
LabelBottomsep
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[float=0] The vertical space between the label and the text body.
Only used for labels that are above the text body (
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Top_Environment
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Centered_Top_Environment
-\family default
+\family default
).
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
LabelString
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string=""
-\family default
+\family default
] The string used for a label with a
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Static
-\family default
+\family default
labeltype.
When the border is
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Manual
-\family default
+\family default
this string is also used as a suggestion for the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LabelWidthString
-\family default
+\family default
that can be set in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
E
-\bar default
+\bar default
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
-aragraph\SpecialChar ~
+\bar default
+aragraph\InsetSpace ~
Settings
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
- When the labeltype is
-\family typewriter
-Counter_
-\emph on
-xxx
-\family default
-\emph default
-, this string is prepended to the counter.
-\layout Description
-
-
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+ When
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+LabelCounter
+\family default
+\series default
+ is set, this string can be contain special formatting commands as explained
+ in Section\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:counter}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+LabelStringAppendix
+\family default
+\series default
+ [
+\family typewriter
+string=""
+\family default
+] If non-empty, this is used inside the appendix instead of
+\family typewriter
+LabelString
+\family default
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+TocLevel [int]
+\family default
+\series default
+ The level of the style in the table of contents.
+ This is used for automatic numbering of section headings.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
EndLabeltype
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
No_Label
-\emph default
+\emph default
, Box, Filled_Box, Static
-\family default
+\family default
] The type of label that stands at the end of the paragraph (or sequence
of paragraphs if
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LatexType
-\family default
+\family default
is
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Environment
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Item_Environment
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
List_Environment
-\family default
+\family default
).
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
No_Label
-\family default
+\family default
means
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
nothing
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Box
-\family default
+\family default
(resp.
-\family typewriter
-\SpecialChar ~
+\family typewriter
+\InsetSpace ~
Filled_Box
-\family default
-) is a white (resp.\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+) is a white (resp.\InsetSpace ~
black) square suitable for end of proof markers,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Static
-\family default
+\family default
is an explicit text string.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
EndLabelString
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string=""
-\family default
+\family default
] The string used for a label with a
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Static
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
EndLabelType
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Align
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
block
-\emph default
+\emph default
, left, right, center
-\family default
+\family default
] Paragraph alignment.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
AlignPossible
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
block
-\emph default
+\emph default
, left, right, center
-\family default
+\family default
] A comma separated
-\emph on
+\emph on
list
-\emph default
+\emph default
of possible aligns.
Some LaTeX styles prohibit certain alignments, since those wouldn't make
sense.
For example a right-aligned or centered enumeration isn't possible.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Fill_Top
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
0
-\emph default
+\emph default
,1
-\family default
+\family default
] With this parameter the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Fill
-\family default
+\family default
value of the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Vertical space above
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
list of the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
E
-\bar default
+\bar default
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
-aragraph\SpecialChar ~
+\bar default
+aragraph\InsetSpace ~
Settings
-\family default
+\family default
dialog can be set when initializing a paragraph with this layout
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
+status collapsed
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-
-\emph on
+\emph on
Note from Jean-Marc:
-\emph default
+\emph default
I'm not sure that this setting has much use, and it should probably be removed
in later versions.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Fill_Bottom
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
0
-\emph default
+\emph default
,1
-\family default
+\family default
] Similar to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Fill_Top
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
NeedProtect
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
0
-\emph default
+\emph default
,1
-\family default
+\family default
] Whether fragile commands in this layout should be
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
protect
-\family default
+\family default
'ed.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Newline
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
0,
-\emph on
+\emph on
1
-\family default
-\emph default
+\family default
+\emph default
] Whether newlines are translated into LaTeX newlines (
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\backslash
+\backslash
-\family default
+\family default
) or not.
The translation can be switched off to allow more comfortable LaTeX editing
inside LyX.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
PassThru
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
0
-\emph default
+\emph default
, 1
-\family default
+\family default
] Whether the contents of this paragraph should be output in raw form, meaning
without special translations that LaTeX would require.
This somehow replaces the older
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Latex
-\family default
+\family default
font property.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
FreeSpacing
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
0
-\emph default
+\emph default
, 1
-\family default
+\family default
] Usually LyX doesn't allow you to insert more than one space between words,
since a space is considered as the separation between two words, not a
character or symbol of its own.
This is a very fine thing but sometimes annoying, for example when typing
program code or plain LaTeX code.
For this reason,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
FreeSpacing
-\family default
+\family default
can be enabled.
Note that LyX will create protected blanks for the additional blanks when
in another mode than LaTeX-mode.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
KeepEmpty
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
0
-\emph default
+\emph default
, 1
-\family default
+\family default
] Usually LyX does not allow you to leave a paragraph empty, since it would
lead to empty LaTeX output.
There are some cases where this could be desirable however: in a letter
template, the required fields can be provided as empty fields, so that
people do not forget them; in some special classes, a layout can be used
as some kind of break, which does not contain actual text.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Spacing
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
single
-\emph default
+\emph default
, onehalf, double, other
-\family default
-\emph on
+\family default
+\emph on
value
-\emph default
+\emph default
] This defines what the default spacing should be in the layout.
The arguments
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
single
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
onehalf
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
double
-\family default
+\family default
correspond respectively to a multiplier value of 1, 1.25 and 1.667.
If you specify the argument
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
other
-\family default
+\family default
, then you should also provide a numerical argument which will be the actual
multiplier value.
Note that, contrary to other parameters,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Spacing
-\family default
+\family default
implies the generation of specific LaTeX code, using the package
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
setspace.sty
-\family roman
+\family roman
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Font
-\series default
-[
-\family default
- The font used for both the text body
-\emph on
+\family default
+\series default
+The font used for both the text body
+\emph on
and
-\emph default
+\emph default
the label.
- See section\SpecialChar ~
+ See section\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:fonts}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
Note that defining this font automatically defines the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
LabelFont
-\family default
+\family default
to the same value.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
TextFont
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
The font used for the text body .
- See section\SpecialChar ~
+ See section\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:fonts}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
LabelFont
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
The font used for the label.
- See section\SpecialChar ~
+ See section\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:fonts}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Preamble\SpecialChar \ldots{}
EndPreamble
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
A set of macro definitions that will be output at the beginning of the
LaTeX files when the layout is used.
Use this to define the macros needed by this particular layout.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
DependsOn
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
the name of a style which preamble should be output
-\emph on
+\emph on
before
-\emph default
+\emph default
the one mentionned above.
This allows to ensure some ordering of the preamble snippets when macros
definitions depend on one another
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
Note that, besides that functionality, there is no way to ensure any ordering
of preambles.
The ordering that you see in a given version of LyX may change without
- warning in later versions).
-\end_inset
+ warning in later versions.
+\end_layout
-.
-\layout Standard
+\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
-status Inlined
+status inlined
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
-\backslash
+\backslash
end{sloppypar}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\layout Subsection
-Floats
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Floats
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:floats}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Since version 1.3.0 of LyX, it is necessary to define the floats (
-\family sans
+\family sans
figure
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family sans
+\family sans
table
-\family default
+\family default
, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
) in the text class itself.
If you are looking here to learn how to upgrade an existing text class,
it will probably turn out that all you have to do is to add
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Input stdfloats.inc
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
at a reasonable location of the text class.
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
Don't forget to also have a look at counters in next section.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
If you want to implement a text class that proposes some other float types
(like the AGU class bundled with LyX), the information below will hopefully
help you:
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Type
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string
-\family default
+\family default
=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-] type - The
+] The
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
type
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
of the new class of floats, like program or algorithm.
After the appropriate
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
newfloat
-\family default
+\family default
, commands such as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
begin{program}
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
end{algorithm*}
-\family default
+\family default
will be available.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
GuiName
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string
-\family default
+\family default
=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
] The string that will be used in the menus and also for the caption.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
LaTeXBuiltin
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
0
-\family default
-\emph default
+\family default
+\emph default
,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
1
-\family default
+\family default
] Set to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
1
-\family default
+\family default
if the float is already defined by the documentclass.
If this is set to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
0
-\family default
+\family default
, the float will be defined using the LaTeX package
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
float
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
NumberWithin
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string
-\family default
+\family default
=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
] This (optional) argument determines whether floats of this class will
be numbered within some sectional unit of the document.
For example, if within is equal to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
chapter
-\family default
+\family default
, the floats will be numbered within chapters.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Style
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string
-\family default
+\family default
=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
] The style used when defining the float using
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
newfloat
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Placement
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string
-\family default
+\family default
=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
] The default placement for the given class of floats.
They are like in standard LaTeX:
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
t
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
b
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
p
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
h
-\family default
+\family default
for top, bottom, page, and here, respectively.
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
Note that the order of these letters in the string is irrelevant, like in
LaTeX.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
On top of that there is a new type,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
H
-\family default
+\family default
, which does not really correspond to a float, since it means: put it
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
here
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and nowhere else.
Note, however that the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
H
-\family default
+\family default
specifier is special and, because of implementation details cannot be used
in non-builtin float types.
If you do not understand what this means, just use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
"tbp"
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Extension
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string
-\family default
+\family default
=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
] The file name extension of an auxiliary file for the list of figures (or
whatever).
LaTeX writes the captions to this file.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
ListName
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string
-\family default
+\family default
=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
] The heading used for the list of floats.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
-Counters
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Character styles
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:charstyle}
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:counter}
+\end_inset
-\end_inset
+You can define character styles since version 1.4.0 of LyX.
+ The
+\family typewriter
+CharStyle
+\family default
+ section can contain the following entries:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Font
+\family default
+\series default
+The font used for both the text body
+\emph on
+and
+\emph default
+ the label.
+ See section\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:fonts}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Note that defining this font automatically defines the
+\family typewriter
+LabelFont
+\family default
+ to the same value.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+LabelFont
+\family default
+\series default
+ The font used for the label.
+ See section\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:fonts}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+LatexName
+\family default
+\series default
+ The name of the corresponding LaTeX stuff.
+ Either the environment or command name.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+LatexParam
+\family default
+\series default
+ The optional parameter for the corresponding
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+LatexName
+\family default
+\series default
+ stuff.
+ This parameter cannot be changed from within LyX.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+LatexType
+\family default
+\series default
+ See section\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:style}
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Preamble\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+EndPreamble
+\family default
+\series default
+ See section\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:style}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Counters
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:counter}
+
+\end_inset
Since version 1.3.0 of LyX, it is necessary to define the counters (
-\family sans
+\family sans
chapter
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family sans
+\family sans
figure
-\family default
+\family default
, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
) in the text class itself.
If you are looking here to learn how to upgrade an existing text class,
it will probably turn out that all you have to do is to add
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Input stdcounters.inc
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-The definition of counters if presently a bit primitive in LyX, since many
+\begin_layout Standard
+The definition of counters is presently a bit primitive in LyX, since many
things are still hardcoded.
The following two parameters can be used:
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Name
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string
-\family default
+\family default
=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
] The name of the counter
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Within
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
string
-\family default
+\family default
=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
] If this is set to the name of another counter, the present counter will
be reset everytime the other one is increased (is that unclear enough?).
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When a counter has been associated to a style, it is possible to use some
+ special constructs in
+\family typewriter
+LabelSt
+\family default
+r
+\family typewriter
+ing
+\family default
+and
+\family typewriter
+LabelStringAppendix
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family typewriter
+@
+\emph on
+style-name
+\emph default
+@
+\family default
+ will be replaced the expanded
+\family typewriter
+LabelString
+\family default
+ of style
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
+style-name
+\family default
+\emph default
+.
+ This is used for example to define the label of a subsection in terms of
+ the label of a section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+counter values can be expressed using LaTeX-like macros
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+
+\emph on
+numbertype
+\emph default
+{
+\emph on
+counter
+\emph default
+}
+\family default
+, where
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
+numbertype
+\family default
+\emph default
+ can be:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+arabic
+\family default
+\series default
+ to translate
+\family typewriter
+counter
+\family default
+to arabic numerals, like 1, 2, 3\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-Font description
-\layout Standard
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Actually, the situation is a bit more complicated than that: any
+\family typewriter
+\series default
+\shape default
+\size default
+\emph on
+\bar default
+\noun default
+numbertype
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+ other than those descibed below will produce arabic numerals.
+ It would not be surprising to see this change in the future.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+alph
+\family default
+\series default
+ for lower-case letters: a, b, c, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Alph
+\family default
+\series default
+ for upper-case letters: A, B, C, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+roman
+\family default
+\series default
+ for lower-case roman numerals: i, ii, iii, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Roman
+\family default
+\series default
+ for upper-case roman numerals: I, II, III\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+hebrew
+\family default
+\series default
+ for hebrew numerals.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Font description
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:fonts}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
A font description looks like that:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Font
-\family roman
-\emph on
+\family roman
+\emph on
or
-\family default
-\emph default
+\family default
+\emph default
LabelFont
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
...
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
EndFont
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
and the following commands are available:
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Family
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
Roman
-\emph default
+\emph default
, Sans, Typewriter
-\family default
+\family default
]
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Series
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
Medium
-\emph default
+\emph default
, Bold
-\family default
+\family default
]
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Shape
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
Up
-\emph default
+\emph default
, Italic, SmallCaps, Slanted
-\family default
+\family default
]
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Size
-\family default
-\series default
+\family default
+\series default
[
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
tiny, small,
-\emph on
+\emph on
normal
-\emph default
+\emph default
, large, larger, largest, huge, giant
-\family default
+\family default
]
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
Color
-\series default
+\series default
-\family default
+\family default
[
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
+\family typewriter
+\emph on
none
-\emph default
+\emph default
, black, white, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow
-\family default
+\family default
]
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Upgrading old layout files
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The file format of layout files changes from time to time, so old layout
+ files need to be converted.
+ This process has been automated in LyX 1.4.0: If LyX reads an old format
+ layout file it will call the conversion tool
+\family typewriter
+$LyXDir/scripts/layout2layout.py
+\family default
+ and convert it to a temporary file in current format.
+ The original file is left untouched, so that you can still use it with
+ LyX 1.3.x.
+ If you want to convert the layout file permanently, just call the converter
+ by hand:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+python $LyXDir/scripts/layout2layout.py myclass.layout myclassnew.layout
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Then copy
+\family typewriter
+myclassnew.layout
+\family default
+ to
+\family typewriter
+$UserDir/layouts/
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The automatic conversion does only handle syntax changes.
+ It cannot handle the case where the contents of included files was changed.
+ For example, layout files based on
+\family typewriter
+book.layout
+\family default
+ need to include
+\family typewriter
+numreport.inc
+\family default
+ in addition to
+\family typewriter
+stdclass.inc
+\family default
+.
+ If you get error messages about undefined counters, try to convert your
+ file with
+\family typewriter
+layout2layout.py
+\family default
+ and then add one of
+\family typewriter
+numarticle.inc
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+numreport.inc
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+numrevtex.inc
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Creating Templates
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:templates}
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Templates are created just like usual documents.
The only difference is that usual documents contain all possible settings,
including the fontscheme and the papersize.
cases.
For that reason, the designer of a template should remove the corresponding
commands like
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
fontscheme
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
papersize
-\family default
+\family default
from the template LyX file.
This can be done with any simple text-editor, for example
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
vi
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xedit
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Put the edited template files you create in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
$UserDir/templates/
-\family default
+\family default
, copy the ones you use from the global template directory in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
$LyXDir/templates/
-\family default
+\family default
to the same place, and redefine the template path in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
E
-\bar default
+\bar default
dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
+\bar default
references
-\family default
+\family default
dialog (tabs
-\family sans
+\family sans
Input
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family sans
+\family sans
Path
-\family default
+\family default
).
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Note that there is a template which has a particular meaning:
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
defaults.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
.
This template is loaded everytime you create a new document with
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
F
-\bar default
+\bar default
ile
-\family default
+\family default
\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
N
-\bar default
+\bar default
ew
-\family default
+\family default
in order to provide useful defaults.
To create this template from inside LyX, all you have to do is to open
a document with the correct settings, and use the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Sa
-\bar under
+\bar under
v
-\bar default
+\bar default
e as Document Defaults
-\family default
+\family default
button.
-\layout Chapter
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
Including External Material
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Background
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This section is completely outdated.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
One often requested feature from LyX users is to be able to interface LyX
with XFig, Dia, or other similar applications that specialize in producing
Previously, it was only possible to include boring, static, fixed images
in LyX documents with the graphics feature, but there are several limitations
attached to this approach:
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
If you want to change the figure, you have to invoke an external program
by hand
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
LyX does not notice that the referenced files change, so the on-screen display
can fast become obsolete, and this is aggravated by the lack of a means
of updating the display
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
The graphics stuff does not provide any mechanisms for coping with different
exported formats such as DocBook, HTML or raw Ascii
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The external material facility attempts to solve all of these problems
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
Even if the graphics facility can't solve all problems, it is still valuable
because it does provide in-line preview of the graphics, and supports advanced
geometric transformations with a comfortable user interface.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
.
It does this by offering a general method to interface LyX to external
what material to include, and in the following sections you will learn
that this is indeed a powerful mechanism that can solve all of the above
problems, and more.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
How does it work?
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The external material feature is based on the concept of a
-\emph on
+\emph on
template
-\emph default
+\emph default
.
A template is a specification of how LyX should interface with a certain
kind of material.
As bundled, LyX comes with predefined templates for XFig figures, Dia diagrams,
various raster format images, gnuplot, and more.
You can check the actual list by using the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
External
-\family default
-\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+\InsetSpace ~
-\family sans
+\family sans
Material
-\family default
+\family default
command.
Furthermore, it is possible to roll your own template to support a specific
kind of material.
Later we'll describe in more detail what is involved, and hopefully you
will submit all the templates you create so we can include them in a later
LyX version.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Another basic idea of the external material feature is to distinguish between
the original file that serves as a base for final material and the produced
file that is included in your exported or printed document.
For example, consider the case of a figure produced with XFig.
The XFig application itself works on an original file with the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.fig
-\family default
+\family default
extension.
Within XFig, you create and change your figure, and when you are done,
you save the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
fig
-\family default
+\family default
-file.
When you want to include the figure in your document, you invoke
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
transfig
-\family default
+\family default
in order to create a PostScript file that can readily be included in your
LaTeX file.
In this case, the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.fig
-\family default
+\family default
file is the original file, and the PostScript file is the produced file.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This distinction is important in order to allow updating of the material
while you are in the process of writing the document.
Furthermore, it provides us with the flexibility that is needed to support
look similar to the real graphics.
The external material management allows you to do this, because it is parameter
ized on the different export formats that LyX supports.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Besides supporting the production of different products according to the
exported format, it supports tight integration with editing and viewing
applications.
In the case of an XFig figure, you are able to invoke
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
xfig
-\family default
+\family default
on the original file with a single click from within the external material
dialog in LyX, and also preview the produced PostScript file with
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
ghostview
-\family default
+\family default
with another click.
No more fiddling around with the command line and/or file browsers to locate
and manipulate the original or produced files.
In this way, you are finally able to take full advantage of the many different
applications that are relevant to use when you write your documents, and
ultimately be more productive.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This paragraph is outdated
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
So, all in all, LyX has information about a number of different programs
to use behind the scenes in order to realize all of this machinery.
It requires some footwork to define all the different commands and flags,
but luckily, the LyX team did all the hard work and specified these for
you.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
But before the trees grow into the skies, we have to admit that we did take
one tiny short-cut.
Since you can produce many different kinds of files to go with each exported
Instead of providing a button for each exported file format, we decided
to introduce the concept of the primary file format and just have one button.
When you press
-\family sans
+\family sans
View
-\family default
-\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+\InsetSpace ~
-\family sans
+\family sans
result
-\family default
+\family default
in the external material dialog, you will get a view of the produced file
in the primary file format.
And the primary file format is specified by your document class.
a preview of what the main result will be.
If you want to see how other exported formats turn out, you have to export
them and preview them by hand.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
The external material dialog
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
You insert external material from the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
I
-\bar default
+\bar default
nsert
-\family default
+\family default
menu.
When you do this, a button is inserted into your document, and the external
material dialog is shown.
and also how it should be included.
Furthermore, it provides access to the external applications to either
view, edit or produce the material that is used in the resulting file.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This paragraph is outdated
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
At the top of this dialog, there is a drop-down list where you can chose
which template should be used.
few hints on how to parameterize the use of it.
Further down, you'll find a filename input field along with a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Browse
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
button that allows you to chose which file should be included with the
standard file browser.
Thus this field specifies the original file.
Since the produced file is automatically generated when needed, there is
no need to give access to it in the user interface.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This paragraph is outdated
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
At the bottom of the dialog, you'll find a general input box called
-\family sans
+\family sans
Parameters
-\family default
+\family default
.
This box is generally used to parameterize the specific template.
The specific use should be covered in the help blurb associated with the
template, but it typically allows you to define variations on how the produced
file should be generated.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This paragraph is outdated
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
At the right side of the dialog, you'll find three buttons:
-\family sans
+\family sans
Edit
-\family default
-\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+\InsetSpace ~
-\family sans
+\family sans
file
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family sans
+\family sans
View
-\family default
-\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+\InsetSpace ~
-\family sans
+\family sans
result
-\family default
+\family default
, and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Update
-\family default
-\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+\InsetSpace ~
-\family sans
+\family sans
result
-\family default
+\family default
.
These in turn allow you to edit your original file with the appropriate
editing application, view the produced file as included in the primary
format document, and finally force an update of the resulting material
in the primary format.
Normally, the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Update
-\family default
-\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+\InsetSpace ~
-\family sans
+\family sans
result
-\family default
+\family default
button will be disabled, because most templates are configured to automatically
update the produced file when needed.
In those cases, there is no need to force the production of a new produced
the residual product, because the cost of producing the produced file might
be so large that it would be a pain to do it all the time.
Those types are known as
-\emph on
+\emph on
manual
-\emph default
+\emph default
external material.
In those cases, you can use the button to force the production of the produced
file exactly when you need it, and thus control the amount of work that
is done.
In fact, it is
-\emph on
+\emph on
your
-\emph default
+\emph default
responsibility to do this to keep the produced files current at all times:
before printing, before exporting, before viewing, etc.
At some time in the future, it might be possible that LyX will help you
with this task.Any changes in the template, filename or parameters are actually
applied whenever you press
-\family sans
+\family sans
Edit file
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family sans
+\family sans
View
-\family default
-\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+\InsetSpace ~
-\family sans
+\family sans
result
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family sans
+\family sans
Update
-\family default
-\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+\InsetSpace ~
-\family sans
+\family sans
result
-\family default
+\family default
buttons.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Examples
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
In this section, we should include some examples of use of the external
material.
Those examples could include:
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
External raster images
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
External XFig figures
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Chess diagrams
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Sound samples
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
The use of makefiles
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Recursive external LyX templates
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
The external template configuration file
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
It is relatively easy to add custom external template definitions to LyX.
However, be aware this doing this in an careless manner most probably
-\emph on
+\emph on
will
-\emph default
+\emph default
introduce an easily exploitable security hole.
So before you do this, please read the discussion about security which
will follow later.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Having said that, we encourage you to submit any interesting templates that
you create.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The external templates are defined in the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lib/external_templates
-\family default
+\family default
file.
You can place your own version in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.lyx/external_templates
-\family default
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A typical template looks like this:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Template XFig
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+GuiName "XFig: $$AbsOrRelPathParent$$Basename"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+HelpText
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+An XFig figure.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+HelpTextEnd
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+InputFormat fig
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+FileFilter "*.fig"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+AutomaticProduction true
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Transform Rotate
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Transform Resize
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Format LaTeX
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+TransformCommand Rotate RotationLatexCommand
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+TransformCommand Resize ResizeLatexCommand
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Product "$$RotateFront$$ResizeFront
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+input{$$AbsOrRelPathMaster$$Basename.pstex_t}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ $$ResizeBack$$RotateBack"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+UpdateFormat pstex
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+UpdateResult "$$AbsPath$$Basename.pstex_t"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Requirement "graphicx"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ReferencedFile latex "$$AbsOrRelPathMaster$$Basename.pstex_t"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ReferencedFile latex "$$AbsPath$$Basename.eps"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ReferencedFile dvi "$$AbsPath$$Basename.eps"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+FormatEnd
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Format PDFLaTeX
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+TransformCommand Rotate RotationLatexCommand
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+TransformCommand Resize ResizeLatexCommand
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Product "$$RotateFront$$ResizeFront
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+input{$$AbsOrRelPathMaster$$Basename.pdftex_t}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ $$ResizeBack$$RotateBack"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+UpdateFormat pdftex
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+UpdateResult "$$AbsPath$$Basename.pdftex_t"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Requirement "graphicx"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ReferencedFile latex "$$AbsOrRelPathMaster$$Basename.pdftex_t"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ReferencedFile latex "$$AbsPath$$Basename.pdf"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+FormatEnd
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Format Ascii
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Product "$$Contents(
+\backslash
+"$$AbsPath$$Basename.asc
+\backslash
+")"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+UpdateFormat asciixfig
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+UpdateResult "$$AbsPath$$Basename.asc"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+FormatEnd
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Format DocBook
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Product "<graphic fileref=
+\backslash
+"$$AbsOrRelPathMaster$$Basename.eps
+\backslash
+">
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ </graphic>"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+UpdateFormat eps
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+UpdateResult "$$AbsPath$$Basename.eps"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ReferencedFile docbook "$$AbsPath$$Basename.eps"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ReferencedFile docbook-xml "$$AbsPath$$Basename.eps"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+FormatEnd
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Format LinuxDoc
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+Product "[XFig: $$FName]"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+FormatEnd
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+TemplateEnd
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As you can see, the template is enclosed in
+\family typewriter
+Template
+\family default
+ \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
+\family typewriter
+TemplateEnd
+\family default
+.
+ It contains a header specifying some general settings, and for each supported
+ primary document file format a section
+\family typewriter
+Format
+\family default
+ \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
+\family typewriter
+FormatEnd
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The template header
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Template\InsetSpace ~
+<id>
+\family default
+\series default
+ A unique name for the template.
+ It must not contain substitution macros (see below).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+GuiName\InsetSpace ~
+<guiname>
+\family default
+\series default
+ The text that is displayed on the button.
+ This command must occur exactly once.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+HelpText\InsetSpace ~
+<text>\InsetSpace ~
+HelpTextEnd
+\family default
+\series default
+ The help text that is used in the External dialog.
+ Provide enough information to explain to the user just what the template
+ can provide him with.
+ This command must occur exactly once.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+InputFormat\InsetSpace ~
+<format>
+\family default
+\series default
+ The file format of the original file.
+ This must be the name of a format that is known to LyX (see the
+\family sans
+\bar under
+T
+\bar default
+ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+
+\bar under
+P
+\bar default
+references:Conversion
+\family default
+ dialog).
+ Use
+\family typewriter
+"*"
+\family default
+ if the template can handle original files of more than one format.
+ LyX will attempt to interrogate the file itself in order to deduce its
+ format in this case.
+ This command must occur exactly once.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+FileFilter\InsetSpace ~
+<pattern>
+\family default
+\series default
+ A glob pattern that is used in the file dialog to filter out the desired
+ files.
+ If there is more than one possible file extension (e.g.\InsetSpace ~
+tgif has
+\family typewriter
+.obj
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+.tgo
+\family default
+), use something like
+\family typewriter
+"*.{obj,tgo}"
+\family default
.
- At some point in time, hopefully somebody will document the template contents,
- and the syntax used to define your templates.
-\layout Section
+ This command must occur exactly once.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+AutomaticProduction\InsetSpace ~
+true|false
+\family default
+\series default
+ Wether the file represented by the template must be generated by LyX.
+ This command must occur exactly once.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Transform\InsetSpace ~
+Rotate|Resize|Clip|Extra
+\family default
+\series default
+ This command specifies which transformations are supported by this template.
+ It may occur zero or more times.
+ This command enables the corresponding tabs in the external dialog.
+ Each
+\family typewriter
+Transform
+\family default
+ command must have either a corresponding
+\family typewriter
+TransformCommand
+\family default
+ or a
+\family typewriter
+TransformOption
+\family default
+ command in the
+\family typewriter
+Format
+\family default
+ section.
+ Otherwise the transformation will not be supported by that format.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Format section
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Format\InsetSpace ~
+LaTeX|PDFLaTeX|Ascii|DocBook|LinuxDoc
+\family default
+\series default
+ The primary document file format that this format definition is for.
+ Not every template has a sensible representation in all document file formats.
+ Please define nevertheless a
+\family typewriter
+Format
+\family default
+ section for all formats.
+ Use a dummy text when no representation is available (see the LinuxDoc
+ format in the example above).
+ Then you can at least see a reference to the external material in the exported
+ document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+TransformCommand\InsetSpace ~
+Rotate\InsetSpace ~
+RotationLatexCommand
+\family default
+\series default
+ This command specifies that the built in LaTeX command should be used for
+ rotation.
+ This command may occur once or not at all.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+TransformCommand\InsetSpace ~
+Resize\InsetSpace ~
+ResizeLatexCommand
+\family default
+\series default
+ This command specifies that the built in LaTeX command should be used for
+ resizing.
+ This command may occur once or not at all.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+TransformOption\InsetSpace ~
+Rotate\InsetSpace ~
+RotationLatexOption
+\family default
+\series default
+ This command specifies that rotation is done via an optional argument.
+ This command may occur once or not at all.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+TransformOption\InsetSpace ~
+Resize\InsetSpace ~
+ResizeLatexOption
+\family default
+\series default
+ This command specifies that resizing is done via an optional argument.
+ This command may occur once or not at all.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+TransformOption\InsetSpace ~
+Clip\InsetSpace ~
+ClipLatexOption
+\family default
+\series default
+ This command specifies that clipping is done via an optional argument.
+ This command may occur once or not at all.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+TransformOption\InsetSpace ~
+Extra\InsetSpace ~
+ExtraLatexOption
+\family default
+\series default
+ This command specifies that an extra optional argument is used.
+ This command may occur once or not at all.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Product\InsetSpace ~
+<text>
+\family default
+\series default
+ The text that is inserted in the exported document.
+ This is actually the most important command and can be quite complex.
+ This command must occur exactly once.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+UpdateFormat\InsetSpace ~
+<format>
+\family default
+\series default
+ The file format of the converted file.
+ This must be the name of a format that is known to LyX (see the
+\family sans
+\bar under
+T
+\bar default
+ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\bar under
+P
+\bar default
+references:Conversion
+\family default
+ dialog).
+ This command must occur exactly once.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+UpdateResult\InsetSpace ~
+<filename>
+\family default
+\series default
+ The file name of the converted file.
+ The file name must be absolute.
+ This command must occur exactly once.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+ReferencedFile\InsetSpace ~
+<format>\InsetSpace ~
+<filename>
+\family default
+\series default
+ This command denotes files that are created by the conversion process and
+ are needed for a particular export format.
+ If the filename is relative, it is interpreted relative to the master document.
+ This command may be given zero or more times.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Requirement\InsetSpace ~
+<package>
+\family default
+\series default
+ The name of a required LaTeX package.
+ The package is included via
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{}
+\family default
+ in the LaTeX preamble.
+ This command may occur zero or more times.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Preamble\InsetSpace ~
+<name>
+\family default
+\series default
+ This command specifies a preamble snippet that will be included in the
+ LaTeX preamble.
+ It has to be defined using
+\family typewriter
+ PreambleDef
+\family default
+ \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
+\family typewriter
+PreambleDefEnd
+\family default
+.
+ This command may occur zero or more times.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+Option\InsetSpace ~
+<name>\InsetSpace ~
+<value>
+\family default
+\series default
+ This command defines an additional macro
+\family typewriter
+$$<name>
+\family default
+ for substitution in
+\family typewriter
+Product
+\family default
+.
+
+\family typewriter
+<value>
+\family default
+ itself may contain substitution macros.
+ The advantage over using
+\family typewriter
+<value>
+\family default
+ directly in
+\family typewriter
+Product
+\family default
+ is that the substituted value of
+\family typewriter
+$$<name>
+\family default
+ is sanitized so that it is a valid optional argument in the document format.
+ This command may occur zero or more times.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Preamble definitions
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The external template configuration file may contain additional preamble
+ definitions enclosed by
+\family typewriter
+PreambleDef
+\family default
+ \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
+\family typewriter
+PreambleDefEnd
+\family default
+.
+ They can be used by the templates in the
+\family typewriter
+Format
+\family default
+ section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
The substitution mechanism
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
When the external material facility invokes an external program, it is done
on the basis of a command defined in the template configuration file.
These commands can contain various macros that are expanded before execution.
Execution always take place in the directory of the containing document.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Also, whenever external material is to be displayed, the name will be produced
- by the substitution mechanism.
-\layout Standard
+ by the substitution mechanism, and most other commands in the template
+ definition support substitution as well.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The available macros are the following:
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
$$FName The filename of the file specified in the external material dialog.
-\layout Description
-
-$$Basename The filename without the extension.
-\layout Description
-
+ This is either an absolute name, or it is relative to the LyX document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$Basename The filename without path and without the extension.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$Extension The file extension (including the dot).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$FPath The path part of
+\family typewriter
+$$FName
+\family default
+ (absolute name or relative to the LyX document).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$AbsPath The absolute file path.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$RelPathMaster The file path, relative to the master LyX document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$RelPathParent The file path, relative to the LyX document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$AbsOrRelPathMaster The file path, absolute or relative to the master LyX
+ document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$AbsOrRelPathParent The file path, absolute or relative to the LyX document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
$$Tempname A name and full path to a temporary file which will be automatically
deleted whenever the containing document is closed, or the external material
insertion deleted.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
$$Contents(
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
filename.ext
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
) This macro will expand to the contents of the file with the name
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
filename.ext
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
$$Sysdir This macro will expand to the absolute path of the system directory.
This is typically used to point to the various helper scripts that are
bundled with LyX.
-\layout Standard
-
-In addition to these, the facility will expand general environment variables
- with a syntax like
-\family typewriter
-${PATH}
-\family default
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All path macros contain a trailing directory separator, so you can construct
+ e.g.
+ the absolute filename with
+\family typewriter
+$$AbsPath$$Basename$$Extension
+\family default
.
-\layout Section
-
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The macros above are substituted in all commands unless otherwise noted.
+ The command
+\family typewriter
+Product
+\family default
+ supports additionally the following substitutions if they are enabled by
+ the
+\family typewriter
+Transform
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+TransformCommand
+\family default
+ commands:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$ResizeFront The front part of the resize command.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$ResizeBack The back part of the resize command.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$RotateFront The front part of the rotation command.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$RotateBack The back part of the rotation command.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The value string of the
+\family typewriter
+Option
+\family default
+ command supports additionally the following substitutions if they are enabled
+ by the
+\family typewriter
+Transform
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+TransformOption
+\family default
+ commands:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$Clip The clip option.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$Extra The extra option.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$Resize The resize option.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+$$Rotate The rotation option.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You may ask why there are so many path macros.
+ There are mainly two reasons:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+First, relative and absolute file names should remain relative or absolute,
+ respectively.
+ Users may have reasons to prefer either form.
+ Relative names are useful for portable documents that should work on different
+ machines, for example.
+ Absolute names may be required by some programs.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Second, LaTeX treats relative file names differently than LyX and other
+ programs in nested included files.
+ For LyX, a relative file name is always relative to the document that contains
+ the file name.
+ For LaTeX, it is always relative to the master document.
+ These two definitions are identical if you have only one document, but
+ differ if you have a master document that includes part documents.
+ That means that relative filenames must be transformed when presented to
+ LaTeX.
+ Fortunately LyX does this automatically for you if you choose the right
+ macros.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+So which path macro should be used in new template definitions? The rule
+ is not difficult:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Use
+\family typewriter
+$$AbsPath
+\family default
+ if an absolute path is required.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Use
+\family typewriter
+$$AbsOrRelPathMaster
+\family default
+ if the substituted string is some kind of LaTeX input.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Else use
+\family typewriter
+$$AbsOrRelPathParent
+\family default
+ in order to preserve the user's choice.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are special cases where this rule does not work and e.g.\InsetSpace ~
+relative names
+ are needed, but normally it will work just fine.
+ One example for such a case is the command
+\family typewriter
+ReferencedFile latex "$$AbsOrRelPathMaster$$Basename.pstex_t"
+\family default
+ in the XFig template above: We can't use the absolute name because the
+ copier for
+\family typewriter
+.pstex_t
+\family default
+ files needs the relative name in order to rewrite the file content.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
Security discussion
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This section is outdated
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
The external material feature interfaces with a lot of external programs
and does so automatically, so we have to consider the security implications
that it would be possible to create a malicious document which executes
arbitrary commands when a user views or prints the document.
This is something we definately want to avoid.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
However, since the external program commands are specified in the template
configuration file only, there are no security issues if LyX is properly
configured with safe templates only.
This is so because the external programs are invoked with the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
execvp
-\family default
+\family default
-system call rather than the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
system
-\family default
+\family default
system-call, so it's not possible to execute arbitrary commands from the
filename or parameter section via the shell.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This also implies that you are restricted in what command strings you can
use in the external material templates.
In particular, pipes and redirection are not readily available.
script to do this in a controlled manner, and then invoke the script from
the command string.
In the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lib/scripts
-\family default
+\family default
directory of the LyX installation, you can find a safe wrapper script
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
general_command_wrapper.py
-\family default
+\family default
that supports redirection of input and output.
That can serve as an example for how to write safe template scripts.
For a more advanced example that uses
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
fork
-\family default
+\family default
and friends, take a look at the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
pic2ascii.py
-\family default
+\family default
converter script.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
It is possible to design a template that interacts directly with the shell,
but since this would allow a malicious user to execute arbitrary commands
by writing clever filenames and/or parameters, we generally recommend that
you only use safe scripts that work with the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
execvp
-\family default
+\family default
system call in a controlled manner.
Of course, for use in a controlled environment, it can be tempting to just
fall back to use ordinary shell scripts.
If you do so, be aware that you
-\emph on
+\emph on
will
-\emph default
+\emph default
provide an easily exploitable security hole in your system.
Of course it stands to reason that such unsafe templates will never be
included in the standard LyX distribution, although we do encourage people
to submit new templates in the open source tradition.
But LyX as shipped from the official distribution channels will never have
unsafe templates.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Including external material provides a lot of power, and you have to be
careful not to introduce security hazards with this power.
A subtle error in a single line in an innocent looking script can open
a knowledgable security professional or the LyX development team if you
have any questions about whether a given template is safe or not.
And do this before you use it in an uncontrolled environment.
-\layout Chapter
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
The LyX Server
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Introduction
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The LyX server is a method implemented in LyX that will enable other programs
to talk to LyX, invoke LyX commands, and retrieve information about the
LyX internal state.
This is only intended for advanced users, but they should find it useful.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Starting the LyX Server
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The LyX server works through the use of a pair of named pipes.
These are usually located in your home directory and have the names
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.lyxpipe.in
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.lyxpipe.out
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
External programs write into
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.lyxpipe.in
-\family default
+\family default
and read back data from
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.lyxpipe.out
-\family default
+\family default
.
The stem of the pipe names can be defined in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
+\family sans
+\bar under
T
-\bar default
+\bar default
ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
+\bar under
P
-\bar default
+\bar default
references
-\family default
+\family default
dialog, for example
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
"/home/myhome/.lyxpipe"
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
LyX will add the '
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.in
-\family default
+\family default
' and '
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
.out
-\family default
+\family default
' to create the pipes.
The above setting also has the effect of activating the LyX server.
If one of the pipes already exists, LyX will assume that another LyX process
is already running and will not start the server.
To have several LyX processes with servers at the same time, you have to
change the configuration between the start of the programs.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
If you are developing a client program, you might find it useful to enable
debugging information from the LyX server.
Do this by starting LyX as
-\family typewriter
-lyx -dbg 8192.
-\layout Standard
+\family typewriter
+lyx -dbg lyxserver.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Warning: if LyX crashes, it may not manage to remove the pipes; in this
case you must remove them manually.
If LyX starts and the pipes exist already, it will not start any server.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Other than this, there are a few points to consider:
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Both server and clients must run on UNIX or OS/2 machines.
Communications between LyX on UNIX and clients on OS/2 or vice versa is
not possible right now.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
On OS/2, only one client can connect to LyXServer at a time.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
On OS/2, clients must open inpipe with
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
O_WRONLY
-\family default
+\family default
mode.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
You can find a complete example client written in C in the source distribution
as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
development/server_monitor.c
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Normal communication
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
To issue a LyX call, the client writes a line of ASCII text into the input
pipe.
This line has the following format:
-\layout Quote
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quote
LYXCMD:
-\emph on
+\emph on
clientname
-\emph default
+\emph default
:
-\emph on
+\emph on
function
-\emph default
+\emph default
:
-\emph on
+\emph on
argument
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Here
-\emph on
+\emph on
clientname
-\emph default
+\emph default
is a name that the client can choose arbitrarily.
Its only use is that LyX will echo it if it sends an answer - so a client
can dispatch results from different requesters.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\emph on
+\emph on
function
-\emph default
+\emph default
is the function you want LyX to perform.
It is the same as the commands you'd use in the minibuffer.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\emph on
+\emph on
argument
-\emph default
+\emph default
is an optional argument which is meaningful only to some functions (for
instance
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
self-insert
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
which will insert the argument as text at the cursor position.)
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The answer from LyX will arrive in the output pipe and be of the form
-\layout Quote
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quote
INFO:
-\emph on
+\emph on
clientname
-\emph default
+\emph default
:
-\emph on
+\emph on
function
-\emph default
+\emph default
:
-\emph on
+\emph on
data
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
where
-\emph on
+\emph on
clientname
-\emph default
+\emph default
and
-\emph on
+\emph on
function
-\emph default
+\emph default
are just echoed from the command request, while
-\emph on
+\emph on
data
-\emph default
+\emph default
is more or less useful information filled according to how the command
execution worked out.
Some commands will return information about the internal state of LyX,
such as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
font-state
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
, while other will return an empty data-response.
This means that the command execution went fine.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
In case of errors, the response from LyX will have this form
-\layout Quote
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quote
ERROR:
-\emph on
+\emph on
clientname
-\emph default
+\emph default
:
-\emph on
+\emph on
function
-\emph default
+\emph default
:
-\emph on
+\emph on
error message
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
where the
-\emph on
+\emph on
error message
-\emph default
+\emph default
should contain an explanation of why the command failed.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Examples:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
echo "LYXCMD:test:beginning-of-buffer:" >~/.lyxpipe.in
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
echo "LYXCMD:test:get-xy:" >~/.lyxpipe.in
-\newline
+\newline
read a <~/.lyxpipe.out
-\newline
+\newline
echo $a
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Notification
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
LyX can notify clients of events going on asynchronously.
Currently it will only do this if the user binds a key sequence with the
function
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
notify
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
The format of the string LyX sends is as follows:
-\layout Quote
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quote
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
NOTIFY:
-\family default
-\emph on
+\family default
+\emph on
key-sequence
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
where
-\emph on
+\emph on
key-sequence
-\emph default
+\emph default
is the printed representation of the key sequence that was actually typed
by the user.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This mechanism can be used to extend LyX's command set and implement macros:
bind some key sequence to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
notify
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
, start a client that listens on the out pipe, dispatches the command according
to the sequence and starts a function that may use LyX calls and LyX requests
to issue a command or a series of commands to LyX.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
The simple LyX Server Protocol
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
LyX implements a simple protocol that can be used for session management.
All messages are of the form
-\layout Quote
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quote
LYXSRV:
-\emph on
+\emph on
clientname
-\emph default
+\emph default
:
-\emph on
+\emph on
protocol message
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
where
-\emph on
+\emph on
protocol message
-\emph default
+\emph default
can be
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
hello
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
bye
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
If
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
hello
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
is received from a client, LyX will report back to inform the client that
it's listening to it's messages, while
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
bye
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
sent from LyX will inform clients that LyX is closing.
-\layout Chapter
-\start_of_appendix
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+\start_of_appendix
Bindings
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This appendix is a huge cross-reference to all the English language keybindings.
Originally, we simply wanted to list all of the key bindings followed by
the function it's bound to.
We then decided, what the hey, why not include the default toolbar and
menu bindings, too.
Please note this section is likely to be very out of date.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The form is really self-explanatory, but here are a few tips: all entries
are arranged roughly alphabetically for a given modifier (
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-a
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-b
-\family default
+\family default
, etc.).
For the general keyboard layout, simpler prefixes precede the more complex
(
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-s
-\family default
+\family default
before
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-S-c
-\family default
+\family default
).
All entries were gleaned from the default user interface and binding files
located in the directories
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
/share/lyx/ui
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
/share/lyx/bind
-\family default
+\family default
; they should be treated as the final word on the bindings.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
As a final note, be aware that some window managers (such as FVWM) take
control of some of the function keys or motion keys.
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-right
-\family default
+\family default
is listed here as generating
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
word-forward
-\family default
+\family default
, but FVWM grabs it and uses it to change virtual desktops instead.
Very annoying unless you instruct your window manager to stop intercepting
such sequences.
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Toolbar
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Layouts
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Icon "buffer-open"
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Icon "buffer-write"
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Icon "buffer-print"
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Separator
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Icon "cut"
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Icon "copy"
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Icon "paste"
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Separator
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Icon "font-emph"
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Icon "font-noun"
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Icon "font-free"
-\layout LyX-Code
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Separator
-\layout LyX-Code
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Icon "tex-mode"
-\layout LyX-Code
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Icon "math-mode"
-\layout LyX-Code
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Separator
-\layout LyX-Code
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+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Icon "footnote-insert"
-\layout LyX-Code
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+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Icon "marginpar-insert"
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Icon "depth-next"
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
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Separator
-\layout LyX-Code
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Icon "figure-insert"
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Icon "dialog-tabular-insert"
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
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End
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+\end_layout
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Menu
-\layout Subsection
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File
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c
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buffer-export fax
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h
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d
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i
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l
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tabular-feature toggle-line-left
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m
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tabular-feature multicolumn
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n
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tabular-feature valign-center
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o
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tabular-feature valign-top
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r
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tabular-feature toggle-line-right
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t
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tabular-feature toggle-line-top
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u
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tabular-feature append-column
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v
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tabular-feature valign-bottom
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w
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tabular-feature delete-row
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+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-Insert
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
copy
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-Return
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
break-line
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-Left
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
word-backward
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-Right
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
word-forward
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-S-Down
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
paragraph-down-select
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-S-End
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
buffer-end-select
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-S-Home
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
buffer-begin-select
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-S-Left
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
word-backward-select
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-S-Right
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
word-forward-select
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-S-Up
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
paragraph-up-select
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-S-quotedbl
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
quote-insert
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
M-Return
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
break-paragraph-keep-layout
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
M-period
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
dots-insert
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
M-S-Right
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
depth-increment
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
M-S-Left
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
depth-decrement
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
Escape
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
cancel
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
F2
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
buffer-write
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
F3
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
buffer-open
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
F5
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
screen-recenter
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
F7
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
spellchecker
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
F9
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
meta-prefix
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-F4
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
buffer-close
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
M-F4
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lyx-quit
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Specific to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
sciword.bind
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
These are LyX keyboard definitions for mathematics, similar to those of
Scientific Word.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The bindings file and the present documentation were prepared by Serge Winitzki
with assistance from Jean-Marc Lasgouttes.
Version 1.3, for LyX 1.2.x and 1.3.x.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
These definitions make it a lot easier to type equations without using the
mouse, especially for people familiar with Scientific Word.
The standard LyX bindings such as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
M-m
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
M-o
-\family default
+\family default
are unmodified.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Tip: to find the "LyX bind name" for a key, look at the status bar after
typing some non-existent key combination.
E.g.
to find how "Ctrl-&" is referenced, press Ctrl-S and then Ctrl-&: the status
bar shows "C-s S-C-ampersand." (This does not work in LyX 1.3.0!)
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-c
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
copy
-\family default
+\family default
-- Copy, cut, paste is as in Sciword,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
C-c
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
C-x
-\family default
+\family default
, and
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
C-v
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-d
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-display
-\family default
+\family default
-- Display equation toggle: type
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
C-d
-\family default
+\family default
to insert a displayed formula (
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
d
-\family default
+\family default
for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
displayed
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
You can also type
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
C-d
-\family default
+\family default
in a displayed formula to convert it back to an inline formula.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-f
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
frac
-\family default
+\family default
-- Fractions: type
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
C-f
-\family default
+\family default
to insert a fraction (
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
f
-\family default
+\family default
for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
fraction
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
You can also select an expression and type
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
C-f
-\family default
+\family default
to convert it to the numerator of a fraction.
Note: pressing
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Backspace
-\family default
+\family default
at the
-\emph on
+\emph on
left
-\emph default
+\emph default
end of the denominator will delete the numerator and convert the denominator
to a non-fraction.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-i
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
int
-\family default
+\family default
-- Inserts
\begin_inset Formula $\int$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
(
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
i
-\family default
+\family default
for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
integral
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
)
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-k
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
line-delete-forward
-\family default
+\family default
-- Emacs-like binding: delete forward of cursor to end of line.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-m
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-mode
-\family default
+\family default
-- A text/math toggle (
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
m
-\family default
+\family default
for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
math
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
): switches to math in text mode, and also inserts roman text in math mode.
Also bound to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
C-t
-\family default
+\family default
(
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
t
-\family default
+\family default
for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
text
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-n
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-number
-\family default
+\family default
-- Add/remove numbering in a single equation.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-C-N
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-nonumber
-\family default
+\family default
-- Add/remove numbering at a line in equation arrays.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The above commands are toggles that control the numbering of equations (
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
N
-\family default
+\family default
for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
number
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
Note: when deleting a number in a labeled eqnarray, the label is not really
removed (the TeX code becomes
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
label{}
-\backslash
+\backslash
nonumber
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
) and this generates a (harmless) LaTeX warning.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-o
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
file-open
-\family default
+\family default
-- Open a new document.
(W*ndows)
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-q
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
quote-insert
-\family default
+\family default
-- Insert a quote character " (
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
q
-\family default
+\family default
for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
quote
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
This is not the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
smart
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
double quote character that you get by default.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-r
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
sqrt
-\family default
+\family default
-- Square root sign
\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{x}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
(
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
r
-\family default
+\family default
for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
root
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-C-R
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
root
-\family default
+\family default
-- root sign
\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt[n]{x}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-t
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-mode
-\family default
+\family default
-- Another binding for a switch between the text and the math mode (
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
t
-\family default
+\family default
is for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
text
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
Note that the roman text inserted in math mode is special.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-u
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
font-underline
-\family default
+\family default
--
-\bar under
+\bar under
Underline
-\bar default
+\bar default
the selected text (text mode only, use things like
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
overline
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
underbar
-\family default
+\family default
for math ).
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-v
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
paste
-\family default
+\family default
-- W*ndows heritage.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-w
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
buffer-close
-\family default
+\family default
-- Close the current document (again, a W*ndows heritage).
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-x
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
cut
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-z
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
undo
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-C-Z
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
redo
-\family default
+\family default
-- the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Redo
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
operation, or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
undo the undo
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Bracket delimiters: press
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Ctrl
-\family default
+\family default
-<bracket key> to insert a matching pair of delimiters.
For example,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Ctrl-[
-\family default
+\family default
inserts a pair of parentheses
\begin_inset Formula $\left[\right]$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
(Note:
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Ctrl-]
-\family default
+\family default
does the same thing.) It will switch to math mode if needed.
The supported characters are ( [ { < |.
It is the same to press the right or the left bracket.
The corresponding delimiters are
\begin_inset Formula $\left(\right)$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\left[\right]$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\left\{ \right\} $
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\left\langle \right\rangle $
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\left|\right|$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
The delimiters are
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
smart
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and resize with their contents.
Use Math Panel to get other or non-matching delimiters.
Press backspace on the
-\emph on
+\emph on
left
-\emph default
+\emph default
delimiter to remove both
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
smart
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
delimiters without removing their contents.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-9
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim ( )
-\family default
+\family default
-- for convenience, pressing
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Ctrl-9
-\family default
+\family default
is the same as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Ctrl-(
-\family default
+\family default
or
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Ctrl-)
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-C-parenleft
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim ( )
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-0
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim ( )
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-C-parenright
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim ( )
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-bracketleft
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim [ ]
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-bracketright
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim [ ]
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-S-less
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim langle rangle
-\family default
+\family default
-- angular delimiters
\begin_inset Formula $\left\langle \right\rangle $
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
, not to confuse with ordinary < > signs.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-S-greater
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim langle rangle
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-The bar bracket: on some keyboards (e.g.\SpecialChar ~
+\begin_layout Standard
+The bar bracket: on some keyboards (e.g.\InsetSpace ~
some British ones), the bar character
is bound to an
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Alt
-\family default
+\family default
-something and on some wayward Unices to "brokenbar".
So we define all of these keys as well.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-S-bar
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim | |
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-S-brokenbar
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim | |
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-M-bar
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim | |
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-C-braceleft
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim { }
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-C-braceright
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-delim { }
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Accents are in most cases
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Ctrl
-\family default
--<accent key>, e.g.\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+-<accent key>, e.g.\InsetSpace ~
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Ctrl-.
-\family default
+\family default
for overdot,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Ctrl-'
-\family default
+\family default
for acute accent,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Ctrl-~
-\family default
+\family default
for tilde (you also need to press
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Shift
-\family default
+\family default
here) etc.
For example,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Ctrl-'
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
a
-\family default
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
inserts á.
Some accents work only in math mode and others only in text mode.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-period
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
accent-dot
-\family default
+\family default
-- overdot accent, \i \.{a}
(text mode only).
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-comma
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
dot
-\family default
+\family default
-- overdot accent,
\begin_inset Formula $\dot{a}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
(math mode only -- in physics this denotes a first derivative).
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-equals
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
overrightarrow
-\family default
+\family default
-- Vector accent over math
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{x}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-C-quotedbl
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
accent-umlaut
-\family default
+\family default
-- umlaut accent, ä (text mode only)
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-C-colon
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
ddot
-\family default
+\family default
-- double dot accent,
\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{a}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
(math mode only -- in physics this denotes a second derivative).
To get a triple dot in math mode, use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
dddot
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-quoteleft
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
accent-grave
-\family default
+\family default
-- grave accent à (text mode only, use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
grave
-\family default
+\family default
for math)
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-C-asciitilde
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
accent-tilde
-\family default
+\family default
-- tilde accent ã (text mode only, use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
tilde
-\family default
+\family default
for math)
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-apostrophe
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
accent-acute
-\family default
+\family default
-- acute accent á (text mode only, use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
acute
-\family default
+\family default
for math)
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-C-asciicircum
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
accent-circumflex
-\family default
+\family default
-- circumflex (caret) accent â (text mode only, use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
hat
-\family default
+\family default
for math).
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Function keys.
The new key S-F2 for creating a LaTeX file seems handy.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
F2
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
buffer-write
-\family default
+\family default
-- Save current document.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-F2
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
buffer-export latex
-\family default
+\family default
-- Write a LaTeX file for the current document.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
F3
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
find-replace
-\family default
+\family default
-- Find and replace dialog.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-F4
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
buffer-close
-\family default
+\family default
-- same as
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
C-w
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
M-F4
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
lyx-quit
-\family default
+\family default
--
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Alt-F4
-\family default
+\family default
to quit LyX is the W*ndows w*ndow manager's mnemonic.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
F4
-\family default
+\family default
to
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
F8
-\family default
+\family default
are used to switch fonts.
Use
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
F4
-\family default
+\family default
to switch back to the normal font.
The non-default font switches
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
F5
-\family default
+\family default
-
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
F8
-\family default
+\family default
all work as toggles.
They also work on the whole word if you put the cursor in the middle of
the word, or if you select some text.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
F4
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
font-default
-\family default
+\family default
-- stop using any special font
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
F5
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
font-bold
-\family default
+\family default
-- make
-\series bold
+\series bold
bold
-\series default
+\series default
text.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
F6
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
font-emph
-\family default
+\family default
-- make
-\emph on
+\emph on
emphasized
-\emph default
+\emph default
text.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
F7
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
font-code
-\family default
+\family default
-- make
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
typewritten
-\family default
+\family default
text.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
F8
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
font-noun
-\family default
+\family default
-- make
-\noun on
+\noun on
Caps/small caps
-\noun default
+\noun default
text.
(Used sometimes for people's names.)
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
F9
-\family default
+\family default
is bound as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
meta-prefix
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
, same as the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Alt
-\family default
- key (useful e.g.\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+ key (useful e.g.\InsetSpace ~
if the keyboard has no working
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Alt
-\family default
+\family default
).
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Here are some Sciword-inspired mnemonics for frequently used math symbols.
Many symbols start with a
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
C-s
-\family default
+\family default
sequence.
Therefore
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
C-s
-\family default
+\family default
cannot be itself bound to anything.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
M-apostrophe
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
prime
-\family default
+\family default
-- The
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
prime
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
symbol
\begin_inset Formula $\prime$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
in math mode.
This is frequently unnecessary: in most cases the normal apostrophe works
just fine, e.g.
\begin_inset Formula $x'+2x=0$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
, but in some cases this would generate a double superscript error in LaTeX.
For example:
\begin_inset Formula $x^{\prime2}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
(
\begin_inset Formula $x$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
prime squared) must be entered with the prime character.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-C-s\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+C-s\InsetSpace ~
apostrophe
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
command-sequence math-superscript; math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
prime;
-\family default
+\family default
-- Insert a prime as a superscript (see example above).
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-Up
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert ^
-\family default
+\family default
-- Insert an upper index.
Also,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
^
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-Down
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert _
-\family default
+\family default
-- Insert a lower index.
Also,
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
_
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-C-s\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+C-s\InsetSpace ~
d
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
partial
-\family default
+\family default
-- Partial derivative symbol
\begin_inset Formula $\partial$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-C-s\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+C-s\InsetSpace ~
e
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
sum
-\family default
+\family default
-- Summation symbol
\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
(not the same as the Greek letter uppercase Sigma
\begin_inset Formula $\Sigma$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
because it can resize and allows smart upper/lower limits).
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-C-s\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+C-s\InsetSpace ~
p
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
prod
-\family default
+\family default
-- Product symbol
\begin_inset Formula $\prod$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
(not the same as the Greek letter uppercase Pi,
\begin_inset Formula $\Pi$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-C-s\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+C-s\InsetSpace ~
i
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
infty
-\family default
+\family default
-- Infinity
\begin_inset Formula $\infty$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-C-s\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+C-s\InsetSpace ~
x
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
times
-\family default
+\family default
-- Cross product
\begin_inset Formula $\times$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-C-s\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+C-s\InsetSpace ~
v
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-matrix 1 2
-\family default
+\family default
-- Insert a stacked array
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{c}
\begin{array}{c}
-\\\end{array}\end{array}$
-\end_inset
+\end{array}\end{array}$
+\end_inset
.
(Frequently useful in formulae.)
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-C-s\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+C-s\InsetSpace ~
m
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-matrix 3 3
-\family default
+\family default
-- Insert a 3
\begin_inset Formula $\times$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
3 matrix
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc}
\\\\\end{array}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
(Then you can modify its size using the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math
-\family default
+\family default
menu.)
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-C-s\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+C-s\InsetSpace ~
S-plus
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
dagger
-\family default
+\family default
-- The
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
dagger
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\dagger$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-C-s\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+C-s\InsetSpace ~
equal
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
equiv
-\family default
+\family default
--
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Identical equality
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\equiv$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
M-equal
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
approx
-\family default
+\family default
--
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Approximate equality
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\approx$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
M-minus
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
sim
-\family default
+\family default
-- The
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
of order
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
sign
\begin_inset Formula $\sim$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
C-minus
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
rightarrow
-\family default
+\family default
-- The arrow
\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
as in
\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow0}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-M-less
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
leq
-\family default
+\family default
-- Less-or-equal
\begin_inset Formula $\leq$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
+\family sans
S-M-greater
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
geq
-\family default
+\family default
-- Greater-or-equal
\begin_inset Formula $\geq$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-C-s\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+C-s\InsetSpace ~
S-less
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
ll
-\family default
+\family default
--
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Much less than
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\ll$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
(useful in physics)
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-C-s\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+C-s\InsetSpace ~
S-greater
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
gg
-\family default
+\family default
--
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Much greater than
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
sign
\begin_inset Formula $\gg$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Standard math bindings
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
b
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
overline
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
d
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-display
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
e
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert ^
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
f
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
frac
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
g
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-greek
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
h
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
accent-circumflex
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
i
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
int
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
l
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-limits
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
m
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-mode
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
n
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-number
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
o
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
oint
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
p
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
partial
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
r
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
sqrt
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
s
-\family default
+\family default
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
math-insert
-\backslash
+\backslash
sqrt
-\layout List
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout List
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-M-m\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+M-m\InsetSpace ~
u
-\family default
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projects / lyx.git / blobdiff