+#if ! defined(USE_WCHAR_T)
+extern odocstream & operator<<(odocstream &, char);
+#endif
+
+// defined in lstrings.cpp
+docstring const & empty_docstring();
+std::string const & empty_string();
+// defined in docstring.cpp
+bool operator==(docstring const &, char const *);
+
+#ifdef STD_STRING_USES_COW
+template<typename Char> class trivial_string;
+typedef trivial_string<char> trivstring;
+typedef trivial_string<char_type> trivdocstring;
+#else
+typedef std::string trivstring;
+typedef docstring trivdocstring;
+#endif