+\begin_layout Standard
+See also the
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wikipedia entry on dashes"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Dashes and Line Breaks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Whether line breaks
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438804
+around
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513438805
+at
+\change_unchanged
+ dashes are allowed depends on the use case and locale:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In English, line breaks are generally allowed after the dash in ranges of
+ values such as 1975–1982, but no line break should occur if only a single
+ character follows the dash (as in A–Z).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In English, dashes used to set off parenthetical statements should not start
+ a new line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In French and Spanish, dashes around parenthetical statements are treated
+ similar to brackets: line breaks are not allowed on the inner side.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437551
+In \SpecialChar LyX
+,
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513437622
+The dashes that are output by \SpecialChar LyX
+ to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ by default generally allow for
+\change_unchanged
+line breaks after en-dashes and em-dashes
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513498469
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513437597
+.
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438851
+are only allowed (without manual intervention), if the option
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\family default
+ is selected (this is the default in \SpecialChar LyX
+ 2.3).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In this case, the dashes are output as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+--
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+---
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, respectively, when exporting to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ The \SpecialChar TeX
+ font ligature mechanism converts them to dash characters followed
+ by an optional line break.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Please note:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437637
+This results in optional line breaks after
+\emph on
+all
+\emph default
+ en- and em-dashes.
+
+\change_unchanged
+Unwanted line breaks
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437645
+must
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513437646
+can
+\change_unchanged
+ be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+See section
+\emph on
+Prevent Hyphenation
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, using protected spaces or preceding with
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\series default
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+ Examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+368–9
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+With spaced en dashes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– common e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+ in British English and generally recommended by
+\emph on
+The Elements of Typographic Style
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– line breaks should not occur before the dash.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang french
+Les incises –
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+même si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– sont très utiles.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang spanish
+En una frase
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+—un inciso con rayas— se escribe así.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An incorrect line break is easily overlooked because
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– in contrast to an overfull line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– it does not trigger a warning in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ log.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437701
+The setting is ignored for documents using non-\SpecialChar TeX
+ fonts.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ provides the
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+XeTeXdashbreakstate
+\series default
+ setting.
+ The default causes dashes to behave like ligature dashes.
+ The usual behaviour of literal dashes can be achieved by inserting
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+XeTeXdashbreakstate=0
+\family default
+\series default
+ into the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437705
+Em dashes in
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ fonts become
+\family typewriter
+–-
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+---
+\family default
+ in the output.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513437950
+The default dashes output to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ disable
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437951
+H
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513437954
+h
+\change_unchanged
+yphenation
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437961
+is suppressed
+\change_unchanged
+in words adjacent to hyphens and ligature dashes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513498511
+you want to globally disable line breaks after dashes, you can select
+\change_unchanged
+the option
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513498530
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+.
+ In this case optional line breaks after individual
+\family sans
+ dashes
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438124
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\family default
+ has not been selected, you
+\change_unchanged
+ can
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513438126
+be
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438191
+insert
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513438193
+re-allowed
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438149
+optional line breaks
+\change_unchanged
+via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Optional line break
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Em-dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+as common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+should be broken
+ after the dash.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513440855
+Note: Up to \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1, you could insert en-dashes and em-dashes as -- and ---, respectively;
+ they were automatically merged to proper (breakable) dashes in the output,
+ but kept as consecutive hyphen characters in the LyX document.
+ If you inserted literal dash characters, however, they were output to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+ as
+\emph on
+non-breakable
+\emph default
+ dashes (this was actually rather by accident than intentionally, but some
+ used these two forms of dashes deliberately).
+
+\change_unchanged
+As of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2,
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439795
+things work differently: consecutive hyphens are merged to dashes immediately
+ in the input.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439552
+The behavior was changed since it led to different look in \SpecialChar LyX
+, text export,
+ HTML export and the PDF export.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ If you copy consecutive hyphens, by contrast, they are output as consecutive
+ hyphen characters.
+ An unintended consequence of this change was that all dashes now were output
+ as non-breakable dashes.
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438403
+-- and --- are exported to LaTeX as -{}- and -{}-{}- to prevent ligation
+ to dashes.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Up to \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1, -- and --- was output unchanged which led to different look in \SpecialChar LyX
+, text
+ export, HTML export and the PDF export.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439864
+Since furthermore, in order to maintain the output,
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513439597
+O
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+o
+\change_unchanged
+ccurrences
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+of consecutive hyphens
+\change_unchanged
+in
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513439612
+older
+\change_unchanged
+documents
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+ that were saved by
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1 or earlier versions,
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513439871
+a
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439871
+we
+\change_unchanged
+re converted to literal
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438458
+Unicode
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+en- and em-
+\change_unchanged
+dash
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+ charact
+\change_unchanged
+e
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+r
+\change_unchanged
+s
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439884
+, respectively, these were output to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ in \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 as
+\emph on
+non-breakable
+\emph default
+ dashes as well
+\change_unchanged
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439888
+An obvious drawback of all this was that
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438506
+This
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+it
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513440124
+ led to
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513440127
+resulted in
+\change_unchanged
+ different line breaks in some documents.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439906
+, by contrast and as outlined above, outputs
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513441767
+
+\emph on
+breakable
+\emph default
+ dashes by default, so if you load a document saved previous to LyX 2.2,
+ you should get the identical output with LyX 2.3 for the dashes inserted
+ with -- and ---.
+ Furthermore, \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3
+\change_unchanged
+provides the aforementioned option
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438447
+
+\family sans
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513498544
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\change_unchanged
+
+\family default
+ in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts.
+
+\family default
+ It is o
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438517
+n
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513441759
+ff
+\change_unchanged
+ by default but
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438522
+un
+\change_unchanged
+selected when opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513441759
+ in order to maintain line breaking between \SpecialChar LyX
+ 2.2 and 2.3 (so these document
+ have non-breakable dashes)
+\change_unchanged
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Note the following side-effects of the changes in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s dash handling:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you used
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513440192
+only
+\change_unchanged
+literal em- and en dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 documents, you must manually
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438688
+un
+\change_unchanged
+select
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438687
+
+\family sans
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513498551
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\change_unchanged
+
+\family default
+ to ensure unchanged behavior.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you used both
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513441852
+,
+\change_unchanged
+ literal and
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513441864
+ligature
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513441867
+--/---
+\change_unchanged
+ dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
+ shown above to restore the correct line breaking behavio
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513441864
+u
+\change_unchanged
+r.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Zero-width space (ZWSP) characters in older \SpecialChar LyX
+ documents that follow literal
+ em- and en-dashes are removed during the conversion to the format of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3.
+ If you used them as optional line breaks after dashes, convert them to
+ space insets before opening your document with \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3 or the optional line breaks will be lost.
+\end_layout
+