Compiling and installing LyX ============================ Quick compilation guide ----------------------- These four steps will compile, test and install LyX: 0) Linux users beware: if compiling the Qt frontend, you need qt and qt-devel packages of the same version to compile LyX. 1) ./configure configures LyX to your system. By default, LyX configures the xforms frontend, use --with-frontend=qt to build a Qt version. You may have to set --with-qt-dir= to succeed. 2) make compiles the program. 3) src/lyx runs the program so you can check it out. 4) make install will install it. You can use "make install-strip" instead if you want a smaller binary. Note for CVS checkouts ---------------------- If you have checked this out from CVS, you need to have automake, autoconf, and gettext installed. Then, type "./autogen.sh" to build the needed configuration files and proceed as stated below. You will also probably need GNU m4 (perhaps installed as gm4). Requirements ------------ First of all, you will also need a recent C++ compiler, where recent means that the compilers are close to C++ standard conforming. Compilers that are known to compile LyX are egcs 1.1.x, gcc 2.95.x and later, and Digital C++ version 6.1 and later. Please tell us your experience with other compilers. It is _not_ possible to compile LyX with gcc 2.7.x and 2.8.x, and this is not likely to change in the future. Note that, contrary to LyX 1.0.x, LyX 1.3.x makes great use of C++ Standard Template Library (STL); this means that gcc users will have to install the relevant libstdc++ library to be able to compile this version. * xforms frontend Both an Xforms and Xpm libraries should be installed to compile LyX. It is imperative that you have the correct versions of these libraries, and their associated header files. The xforms library has been very recently updated to version 1.0. This version has been released under the LGPL (Lesser General Public License), and the availability of the source means that many bugs that have been plaguing LyX have been fixed in xforms. You are advised to upgrade to xforms 1.0 to enjoy all these new fixes. In fact, LyX 1.3.x no longer supports versions of xforms older than 0.89.5. You can get the source from http://world.std.com/~xforms/ ftp://ncmir.ucsd.edu/pub/xforms/OpenSource/xforms-1.0-release.tgz ftp://ftp.lyx.org/pub/xforms/OpenSource/xforms-1.0-release.tgz If you use a rpm-based linux distribution, such as RedHat or Mandrake, we recommend that you grab a version of xforms from ftp://ftp.lyx.org/pub/lyx/contrib Look for the xforms-1.0-release.src.rpm or the binary libforms*.i386.rpm. In addition, you must have libXpm version 4.7 or newer. * Qt frontend LyX has been tested with both Qt 2.x and 3.x libraries. The only special point to make is that you must ensure that both LyX and the Qt libraries are compiled with the same C++ compiler. Note that if Qt is using Xft2/fontconfig, you may need to install the latex-ttf-fonts package (available on ftp://ftp.lyx.org/) to get maths symbols displayed properly. To find out, type: ldd `which lyx` | grep fontconfig at the console. Both RH8 and Debian unstable distributions are known to use fontconfig. If, however, your version of Qt does not use fontconfig, then the /usr/local/share/lyx/xfonts directory (or equivalent) should be added to the font path. This is done automatically by LyX if LyX is run on the local machine, and the X server supports Postscript fonts. If, however, you're running LyX remotely, then you'll have to do this step yourself. 'man xset' is your friend. * Other things to note If you make modifications to files in src/ (for example by applying a patch), you will need to have the GNU gettext package installed, due to some dependencies in the makefiles. You can get the latest version from: ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.11.4.tar.gz LyX contains a hack to work around this, but you should not rely too much on it. To use the thesaurus, you will need to install libAikSaurus, available from: http://aiken.clan11.com/aiksaurus/ The two following programs should be available at configuration time: o Perl (at least 5.002) is needed for the reLyX script. reLyX will not be installed if perl is not found. If the environment variable PERL is set to point to some program, this value will be used, even if the program does no exist (this can be useful if the machine on which LyX is built is not the one where it will run). o LaTeX2e should be correctly setup for the user you are logged in as. Otherwise, LyX will not be able to run a number of tests. Note that users can run these tests manually with Edit>Reconfigure. Finally, you will need to have python 1.5.2 or newer installed to be able to import older LyX files with the lyx2lyx script (this script is called automatically when opening a file). Creating the Makefile --------------------- LyX can be configured using GNU autoconf utility which attempts to guess the configuration needed to suit your system. The standard way to use it is described in the file INSTALL.autoconf. In most cases you will be able to create the Makefile by typing ./configure For more complicated cases, LyX configure takes the following specific flags: o --with-frontend=FRONTEND that allows to specify which frontend you want to use. Default is "xforms", and the other possible value is "qt". o --with-extra-lib=DIRECTORY that specifies the path where LyX will find extra libraries (Xpm, xforms, qt) it needs. Defaults to NONE (i.e. search in standard places). You can specify several directories, separated by colons. o --with-extra-inc=DIRECTORY that gives the place where LyX will find xforms headers. Defaults to NONE (i.e. search in standard places). You can specify several directories, separated by colons. o --with-extra-prefix[=DIRECTORY] that is equivalent to --with-extra-lib=DIRECTORY/lib --with-extra-inc=DIRECTORY/include If DIRECTORY is not specified, the current prefix is used. o --with-version-suffix will install LyX as lyx-, e.g. lyx-1.3.1 The LyX data directory will be something like /lyx-1.3.1/. Additionally your user configuration files will be found in e.g. $HOME/.lyx-1.3.1 You can use this feature to install more than one version of LyX on the same system. You can optionally specify a "version" of your own, by doing something like : ./configure --with-version-suffix=-latestcvs Note that the standard configure options --program-prefix, --program-suffix and the others will not affect the shared LyX directory etc. so it is recommended that you use --with-version-suffix (or --prefix) instead. o --enable-optimization=VALUE enables you to set optimization to a higher level as the default (-O), for example --enable-optimization=-O3. o --disable-optimization - you can use this to disable compiler optimization of LyX. The compile may be much quicker with some compilers, but LyX will run more slowly. o --enable-debug will add debug information to your binary. This requires a lot more disk space, but is a must if you want to try to debug problems in LyX. The default is to have debug information for development versions and prereleases only. There are also flags to control the internationalization support in LyX: o --disable-nls suppresses all internationalization support, yielding a somewhat smaller code. o --with-included-gettext forces the use of the included GNU gettext library, although you might have another one installed. o --with-catgets allows to use the catget() functions which can exist on your system. This can cause problems, though. Use with care. o You can also set the environment variable LINGUAS to a list of language in case you do not want to install all the translation files. For example, if you are only interested in German and Finnish, you can type (with sh or bash) export LINGUAS='de fi' before running configure. Moreover, the following generic configure flags may be useful: o --prefix=DIRECTORY specifies the root directory to use for installation. [defaults to /usr/local] o --datadir=DIRECTORY gives the directory where all extra LyX files (lyxrc example, documentation, templates and layouts definitions) will be installed. [defaults to ${prefix}/share/lyx${program_suffix}] o --bindir=DIRECTORY gives the directory where the lyx binary will be installed. [defaults to ${prefix}/bin] o --mandir=DIRECTORY gives the directory where the man pages will go. [defaults to ${prefix}/man] Note that the --with-extra-* commands are not really robust when it comes to use of relative paths. If you really want to use a relative path here, you can prepend it with "`pwd`/". If you do not like the default compile flags used (-g -O2 on gcc), you can set CXXFLAGS variable to other values as follows: o CXXFLAGS='-O2' (sh, bash) o setenv CXXFLAGS '-O2' (csh, tcsh) Similarly, if you want to force the use of some specific compiler, you can give a value to the CXX variable. If you encounter problems, please read the section 'Problems' at the end of this file. In particular, the following options could be useful in some desperate cases: o --enable-warnings that make the compiler output more warnings during the compilation of LyX. Opposite is --disable-warnings. By default, this flag is on for development versions only. o --enable-assertions that make the compiler generate run-time code which checks that some variables have sane values. Opposite is --disable-assertions. By default, this flag is on for development versions only. o --without-latex-config that disables the automatic detection of your latex configuration. This detection is automatically disabled if latex cannot be found. If you find that you have to use this flag, please report it as a bug. Compiling and installing LyX ---------------------------- Once you've got the Makefile created, you just have to type: make all make install All should be OK ;) Since the binaries with debug information tend to be huge (although this does not affect the run-time memory footprint), you might want to strip the lyx binary. In this case replace "make install" with make install-strip BTW: in the images subdirectory there is also a small icon "lyx.xpm", that can be used to display lyx-documents in filemanagers. If configure fails for some strange reason ------------------------------------------ Even when configure fails, it creates a Makefile. You always can check the contents of this file, modify it and run 'make'. Compiling For Multiple Architectures ------------------------------------ You can compile LyX for more than one kind of computer at the same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their own directory. To do this, you must use a version of `make' that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. `cd' to the directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run the `configure' script. `configure' automatically checks for the source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'. If you have to use a `make' that does not supports the `VPATH' variable, you have to compile LyX for one architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have installed LyX for one architecture, use `make distclean' before reconfiguring for another architecture. Preparing a binary distribution for the use of others ------------------------------------------------------ o Compile LyX with the right compiler switches for your architecture. Make sure you use the --without-latex-config switch of configure, since others might not be interested by your configuration :-) o Create a file README.bin describing your distribution and referring to *you* if problems arise. As a model, you can use the file development/tools/README.bin.example, which can be a good starting point. o Type `make bindist'. This will create a file lyx-1.xx.yy-bin.tar.gz. Rename it to reflect you architecture and the peculiarities of your build (e.g. static vs. dynamic). o Check that everything is correct by unpacking the distribution in some private place and running it. In particular, check the output of `ldd lyx' to know which libraries are really needed. o Upload your binary file to ftp.devel.lyx.org:/pub/incoming, and notify larsbj@lyx.org. Problems -------- This section provides several hints that have been submitted by LyX team member or users to help compiling on some particular architectures. If you find that some of this hints are wrong, please notify us. o If you have problems indicating that configure cannot find a part of the xforms or Xpm library, use the --with-extra-lib and --with-extra-inc options of configure to specify where these libraries reside. o Configure will seemingly fail to find xpm.h and forms.h on linux if the kernel headers are not available. Two cases are possible: - you have not installed the kernel sources. Then you should install them or at least the kernel-headers package (or whatever it is called in your distribution). - you have the sources, but you did a 'make mrproper' in the kernel directory (this this removes some symbolic links that are needed for compilation). A 'make symlinks' in linux kernel sources fixes that. o if you are using RedHat Linux 7.x, you must make sure you have the latest updated gcc and related packages installed (at least -85), or LyX will not compile or will be mis-compiled. o if you get an error message when compiling LyX that looks like this : ../../src/minibuffer.h:17: using directive `Object' introduced ambiguous type `_ObjectRec *' then you need to upgrade the version of the xforms library you have installed. o On solaris 2.6, you may have to compile with --with-included-string if compiling with gcc 2.95.2. o LyX can be compiled on Tru64 Unix with either GNU's gcc or the default Compaq cxx compiler. There are no Alpha-specific problems with gcc. The following notes all refer to compilation with the Compaq cxx compiler. LyX cannot be compiled on Tru64 Unix 4.0d or 4.0e with the default cxx compiler. You should upgrade to at least cxx V6.2, to be found at ftp::/ftp.compaq.com/pub/products/C-CXX/tru64/cxx/CXX622V40.tar. Users running Tru64 Unix 4.0f and greater should have no real problems compiling LyX. cxx V6.2 will compile LyX out of the box. cxx V6.3-020 is also known to work, although there is a bug in /usr/include/cxx/deque that will break compilation in FormPreferences.C. Compaq are investigating, but a patch that works /now/ is: --- /usr/include/cxx/deque_safe Mon Mar 4 21:09:50 2002 +++ /usr/include/cxx/deque Mon Mar 4 21:09:00 2002 @@ -570,9 +570,11 @@ { if (size() >= x.size()) erase(copy(x.begin(), x.end(), begin()), end()); - else - copy(x.begin() + size(), x.end(), - inserter(*this,copy(x.begin(),x.begin()+size(),begin()))); + else { + const_iterator mid = x.begin() + difference_type(size()); + copy(x.begin(), mid, begin()); + insert(end(), mid, x.end()); + } } return *this; } At the time of writing, cxx V6.5-026 is the latest cxx compiler. It is /not/ recommended. The compiler itself appears to be both buggy and extremely bloated (trebling the size of the stripped LyX binary). In order to compile LyX with the cxx compiler, you should run configure with the following flags: CXX='cxx -std strict_ansi' CXXFLAGS='-nopure_cname -nocleanup -ptr /tmp/lyx_cxx_repository -O2' CC='cc -std1' The -nopure_cname flag is needed for compilers V6.3 and above because LyX makes use of functions like popen, pclose that are defined in the c version of but are not formally part of any c/c++ standard. They are not, therefore, included in the header file.