1 #LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
7 %% Uncomment the following for Tableaux captions on top:
9 %\restylefloat{tableau}
11 \use_default_options false
15 \maintain_unincluded_children false
17 \language_package default
22 \font_typewriter default
23 \font_default_family default
24 \use_non_tex_fonts false
30 \default_output_format default
32 \bibtex_command default
33 \index_command default
34 \paperfontsize default
38 \pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
39 \pdf_bookmarksopen false
40 \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
48 \use_package amsmath 1
49 \use_package amssymb 1
51 \use_package mathdots 1
52 \use_package mathtools 0
54 \use_package undertilde 0
56 \cite_engine_type numerical
60 \paperorientation portrait
70 \paragraph_separation indent
71 \paragraph_indentation default
72 \quotes_language english
75 \paperpagestyle default
76 \tracking_changes false
86 Writing linguistic papers with LyX
91 \begin_inset Newline newline
95 \begin_inset CommandInset href
97 target "spitz@lyx.org"
109 \begin_layout Abstract
110 This paper describes some features that LyX provides to linguists.
111 It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
112 examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, and phonetic symbols (IPA).
115 \begin_layout Section
116 Aims and prerequisites
119 \begin_layout Standard
120 Basically, this paper describes the features of the
121 \begin_inset Quotes eld
125 \begin_inset Quotes erd
128 module that ships with LyX as of version 1.6.0.
130 \begin_inset Quotes eld
134 \begin_inset Quotes erd
137 are support files (introduced with LyX 1.6.0) that can easily be selected
139 In order to use the Linguistics module, go to
141 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
142 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
146 \begin_inset Quotes eld
150 \begin_inset Quotes erd
153 from the list of available modules, and hit the
157 button to select it for your document (as already done for this document).
160 \begin_layout Standard
161 You should be able to use the module with any document class (please inform
163 However, in order to use all the features, you need to have the following
164 LaTeX packages installed:
167 \begin_layout Enumerate
173 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
179 : This is the base package used for numbered examples and glosses.
183 \begin_layout Itemize
184 Installed on your system:
194 \begin_layout Enumerate
200 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
206 : This package is used for the Subexamples style.
207 It is generally useful to alter the appearance of lists (such as
223 \begin_layout Itemize
224 Installed on your system:
234 \begin_layout Enumerate
240 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
251 The package provides context sensitive quotation marks, depending on the
256 \begin_layout Itemize
257 Installed on your system:
267 \begin_layout Enumerate
273 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
279 : Needed for the OT tableaux floats and list of floats.
280 This package should be part of any LaTeX distribution.
284 \begin_layout Itemize
285 Installed on your system:
295 \begin_layout Section
299 \begin_layout Standard
300 Numbered examples are inserted via the layout drop-down box in the toolbar.
301 There are three variants:
304 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
305 This is a multiline example [Style
307 Numbered Example (multiline)
312 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
313 it can have several paragraphs
316 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
317 This is a single example
318 \begin_inset CommandInset label
320 name "exa:single-example"
326 Numbered Example (consecutive)
331 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
332 Consecutive single examples get their own numbers
335 \begin_layout Subexample
337 \begin_inset CommandInset label
339 name "sub:subexample"
350 \begin_layout Subexample
354 \begin_layout Standard
355 References to examples are produced as usual: insert a label to the example
356 and a cross-reference via
358 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
362 We refer here, just for the sake of demonstrating this, to
363 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
365 reference "exa:single-example"
370 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
372 reference "sub:subexample"
379 \begin_layout Section
383 \begin_layout Standard
384 The Linguistics module provides two kinds of glosses, which can be inserted
387 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
394 provides a gloss that consists of two lines and a translation, the
398 insets consists of three lines and a translation.
399 Each translation line might span multiple lines in the output, i.
400 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
403 e., the paragraphs are automatically broken if they exceed the text width.
404 Note that the translation line is mandatory and must be preceded by the
411 which must be inserted verbatim in the gloss inset (TeX mode is not needed,
412 and in fact not even possible).
415 \begin_layout Standard
416 Here is a simple example:
419 \begin_layout Standard
420 \begin_inset Flex Glosse
423 \begin_layout Plain Layout
425 C'est un exemple simple
428 \begin_layout Plain Layout
430 {This is} an example simple
433 \begin_layout Plain Layout
437 glt This is a simple example
445 \begin_layout Standard
447 Note how the braces hold together multi-word expressions.
450 \begin_layout Standard
451 In the same vein, we can make a three-line gloss:
454 \begin_layout Standard
455 \begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
458 \begin_layout Plain Layout
460 C'est un exemple simple
463 \begin_layout Plain Layout
465 {Das ist} ein Beispiel einfach
468 \begin_layout Plain Layout
470 {This is} an example simple
473 \begin_layout Plain Layout
477 glt This is a simple example
485 \begin_layout Standard
487 If you want to have numbered glosses, you can simply insert the gloss inset
488 to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
491 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
492 \begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
495 \begin_layout Plain Layout
497 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
500 \begin_layout Plain Layout
502 My skeertuig is vol palings
505 \begin_layout Plain Layout
507 My hovercraft is {full of} eels
510 \begin_layout Plain Layout
514 glt Do you have matches?
522 \begin_layout Subsection*
523 Shortcomings of LyX's glosses
526 \begin_layout Standard
527 LyX's glosse support is rather basic, and thus has some shortcomings, which
528 might be addressed in further releases:
531 \begin_layout Enumerate
532 Font changes are not allowed in glosses.
538 Since glosses are not hyphenated, an explicit language setting in the LaTeX
539 output is not required (in fact, it would break the output, since covington
540 does not support it).
541 However, you still might want to set the language for proper spell checking.
542 Currently, you have to do this as follows: select the text, and then issue
546 arg "command-execute"
557 should be replaced by the respective language, e.
558 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
575 In the LaTeX output, this setting will be suppressed.
578 \begin_layout Enumerate
579 Since the content of glosses is passed verbatim to LaTeX, LyX does not adapt
580 the encoding to the contents.
581 That means that if you use characters in the glosse which are not covered
582 by the current encoding, you will run into an error message.
583 Here are the possible workarounds to this problem:
587 \begin_layout Itemize
588 Either enter the text outside the glosse, open
590 View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
593 and copy the LaTeX code into the glosse,
596 \begin_layout Itemize
597 or mark the whole glosse (from outside) and set the appropriate language
600 Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
601 Language\SpecialChar \menuseparator
602 More Languages\SpecialChar \ldots{}
608 \begin_layout Itemize
609 or set the document encoding to
615 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
616 Settings\SpecialChar \ldots{}
617 \SpecialChar \menuseparator
623 \begin_layout Itemize
626 Use non-TeX fonts (via XeTeX/LuaTeX)
630 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
631 Settings\SpecialChar \ldots{}
632 \SpecialChar \menuseparator
639 \begin_layout Enumerate
640 Page breaks can occur within glosses, which is of course not desirable.
641 A workaround is to wrap glosses into boxes (via
643 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
644 Box\SpecialChar \menuseparator
648 If you want to automate this for all glosses, you can copy the following
651 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
652 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
659 \begin_layout LyX-Code
660 \begin_inset listings
661 lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize},language={[LaTeX]TeX}"
665 \begin_layout Plain Layout
667 % Do not break pages at two-line glosses
670 \begin_layout Plain Layout
677 \begin_layout Plain Layout
681 @ifundefined{linggloss}{}{%
684 \begin_layout Plain Layout
688 renewenvironment{linggloss}[1]{%
691 \begin_layout Plain Layout
700 \begin_layout Plain Layout
711 \begin_layout Plain Layout
721 \begin_layout LyX-Code
722 \begin_inset listings
723 lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize},language={[LaTeX]TeX}"
727 \begin_layout Plain Layout
729 % Do not break pages at three-line glosses
732 \begin_layout Plain Layout
739 \begin_layout Plain Layout
743 @ifundefined{lingglosss}{}{%
746 \begin_layout Plain Layout
750 renewenvironment{linggloss}[1]{%
753 \begin_layout Plain Layout
762 \begin_layout Plain Layout
773 \begin_layout Plain Layout
783 \begin_layout Standard
784 You might have to adapt the minipage width (
790 in the example code) to fit your actual page width.
794 \begin_layout Section
795 Optimality Theory Tableaux
798 \begin_layout Standard
799 OT tableaux itself can of course simply be inserted as ordinary tables (for
800 specific features such as dashed lines and shaded cells, cf.
806 However, you might want to have the tableaux numbered throughout the document,
807 and you might want to have a
819 \begin_layout Standard
820 The Linguistics module provides support for both.
823 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
826 , you'll find a Tableaux float:
829 \begin_layout Standard
830 \begin_inset Float tableau
836 \begin_layout Plain Layout
839 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
840 <features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
841 <column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
842 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
843 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
844 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0" special="|c">
845 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
847 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
850 \begin_layout Plain Layout
856 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
859 \begin_layout Plain Layout
867 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
870 \begin_layout Plain Layout
878 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
881 \begin_layout Plain Layout
889 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
892 \begin_layout Plain Layout
902 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
905 \begin_layout Plain Layout
906 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{☞}$
910 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
918 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
921 \begin_layout Plain Layout
927 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
930 \begin_layout Plain Layout
936 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
939 \begin_layout Plain Layout
945 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
948 \begin_layout Plain Layout
956 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
959 \begin_layout Plain Layout
965 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
968 \begin_layout Plain Layout
974 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
977 \begin_layout Plain Layout
983 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
986 \begin_layout Plain Layout
992 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
995 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1003 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1006 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1007 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
1015 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1018 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1024 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
1027 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1033 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1036 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1042 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1045 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1053 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1056 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1062 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1065 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1071 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
1074 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1080 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1083 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1089 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1092 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1106 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1107 \begin_inset Caption
1109 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1123 \begin_layout Standard
1124 Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
1125 the output, no matter where you put it in the LyX window.
1126 To get the Tableaux captions on top, put the following code in
1128 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1129 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1135 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1138 floatstyle{plaintop}
1141 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1144 restylefloat{tableau}
1147 \begin_layout Standard
1148 If your using a KOMA class, use the following instead for better spacing:
1151 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1154 floatstyle{komaabove}
1157 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1160 restylefloat{tableau}
1163 \begin_layout Standard
1164 A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
1166 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1170 Even though this usually is placed at the beginning or the end of the document,
1171 we do this here for exemplification purposes:
1174 \begin_layout Standard
1175 \begin_inset FloatList tableau
1182 \begin_layout Section
1183 Semantic Markup (Character Styles)
1186 \begin_layout Standard
1187 The Linguistics module comes with some character styles that are common
1191 \begin_layout Enumerate
1192 Concept (in small caps):
1193 \begin_inset Flex Concepts
1196 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1205 \begin_layout Enumerate
1206 Expression (emphasized):
1207 \begin_inset Flex Expression
1210 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1219 \begin_layout Enumerate
1220 Meaning (in single quotes):
1221 \begin_inset Flex Meaning
1224 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1233 \begin_layout Standard
1234 You can insert the character styles via the
1236 Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1240 If you need to change the appearance of these styles later, you can redefine
1241 them in the preamble.
1242 To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
1245 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1255 \begin_layout Standard
1256 Similarly, concept (
1271 \begin_layout Section
1272 Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
1275 \begin_layout Standard
1276 You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
1277 is a base functionality of LyX.
1278 However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
1279 (briefly) in this manual nevertheless.
1282 \begin_layout Standard
1283 If you use traditional LaTeX or PDFLaTeX, a prerequisite to use LyX's IPA
1284 support is the LaTeX package
1289 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1299 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1300 If you use XeTeX or LuaTeX (i.
1301 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1304 e., if you have clicked
1305 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1309 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1314 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1315 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1318 ), no extra package is needed.
1323 Additionally, if you want to have instant preview, you should have the
1329 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1338 \begin_layout Standard
1339 The recommended way to insert phonetic symbols is via
1341 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1342 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1346 This gives you an input box, where you can insert the symbols, and a toolbar
1347 opens, which provides the basic set of phonetic symbols (sorted by the
1349 Each of the toolbar's panels can be torn off the bar by clicking on the
1350 dashed line on its top.
1351 This way, you can insert most symbols quite comfortably:
1354 \begin_layout Standard
1356 \begin_inset IPADeco bottomtiebar
1359 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1375 is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
1377 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1378 Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1381 cs), you'll get a nice WYSIWYG preview as soon as the cursor leaves the
1383 Alternatively to the toolbar, you can also insert the symbols directly
1384 via the shortcut notation which is described in the
1391 \begin_layout Standard
1418 Furthermore, you can insert symbols via
1420 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1421 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1422 Symbols\SpecialChar \ldots{}
1425 (which might be useful for symbols that are not yet covered by the toolbar),
1426 or you can simply paste unicode-encoded text (e.
1427 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1430 g., from other applications) into the box.
1431 The output should be equal, no matter what input method you chose.
1434 \begin_layout Standard
1435 Note that you can also insert or paste most IPA glyphs outside the specific
1436 IPA input box: [əz ʃəʊn hɪə].
1437 In the output, they will be automatically transformed into the correct
1442 macro (if not, please inform us).
1443 However, please note that this method produces inferior output quality,
1444 since it will most likely result in a mix of fonts (the latin characters
1445 are taken from the base document font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font).
1446 Within the IPA input box, on the other hand, the IPA font is used for all
1448 So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, this method is
1452 \begin_layout Section
1456 \begin_layout Standard
1457 For a detailed description of specific possibilities for linguists, please
1458 refer to the LinguistLyX page on the LyX wiki
1459 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1465 (feel free to enter your own hints there).
1468 \begin_layout Bibliography
1469 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1470 LatexCommand bibitem
1475 The covington package:
1476 \begin_inset Flex URL
1479 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1481 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/covington/
1489 \begin_layout Bibliography
1490 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1491 LatexCommand bibitem
1496 The csquotes package:
1497 \begin_inset Flex URL
1500 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1502 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/csquotes/
1510 \begin_layout Bibliography
1511 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1512 LatexCommand bibitem
1517 The enumitem package:
1518 \begin_inset Flex URL
1521 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1523 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/
1531 \begin_layout Bibliography
1532 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1533 LatexCommand bibitem
1539 \begin_inset Flex URL
1542 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1544 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/float/
1552 \begin_layout Bibliography
1553 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1554 LatexCommand bibitem
1559 Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using LyX for Linguisti
1562 \begin_inset Flex URL
1565 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1567 http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX
1575 \begin_layout Bibliography
1576 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1577 LatexCommand bibitem
1582 The preview-latex package:
1583 \begin_inset Flex URL
1586 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1588 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/preview/
1596 \begin_layout Bibliography
1597 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1598 LatexCommand bibitem
1603 The tipa package and fonts:
1604 \begin_inset Flex URL
1607 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1609 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/