1 #LyX 1.6.7 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
7 %% Uncomment the following for Tableaux captions on top:
9 %\restylefloat{tableau}
11 \use_default_options false
19 \font_typewriter default
20 \font_default_family default
27 \paperfontsize default
31 \pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
32 \pdf_bookmarksopen false
33 \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
45 \paperorientation portrait
48 \paragraph_separation indent
50 \quotes_language english
53 \paperpagestyle default
54 \tracking_changes false
63 Writing linguistic papers with LyX
68 \begin_inset Newline newline
72 \begin_inset CommandInset href
74 target "spitz@lyx.org"
86 \begin_layout Abstract
87 This paper describes some features that LyX provides to linguists.
88 It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
89 examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, and phonetic symbols (IPA).
93 Aims and prerequisites
96 \begin_layout Standard
97 Basically, this paper describes the features of the
98 \begin_inset Quotes eld
102 \begin_inset Quotes erd
105 module that ships with LyX as of version 1.6.0.
107 \begin_inset Quotes eld
111 \begin_inset Quotes erd
114 are support files (introduced with LyX 1.6.0) that can easily be selected
116 In order to use the Linguistics module, go to
118 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
119 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
123 \begin_inset Quotes eld
127 \begin_inset Quotes erd
130 from the list of available modules, and hit the
134 button to select it for your document (as already done for this document).
137 \begin_layout Standard
138 You should be able to use the module with any document class (please inform
140 However, in order to use all the features, you need to have the following
141 LaTeX packages installed:
144 \begin_layout Enumerate
150 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
156 : This is the base package used for numbered examples and glosses.
160 \begin_layout Itemize
161 Installed on your system:
171 \begin_layout Enumerate
177 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
183 : This package is used for the Subexamples style.
184 It is generally useful to alter the appearance of lists (such as
200 \begin_layout Itemize
201 Installed on your system:
211 \begin_layout Enumerate
217 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
228 The package provides context sensitive quotation marks, depending on the
233 \begin_layout Itemize
234 Installed on your system:
244 \begin_layout Enumerate
250 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
256 : Needed for the OT tableaux floats and list of floats.
257 This package should be part of any LaTeX distribution.
261 \begin_layout Itemize
262 Installed on your system:
272 \begin_layout Section
276 \begin_layout Standard
277 Numbered examples are inserted via the layout drop-down box in the toolbar.
278 There are three variants:
281 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
282 This is a multiline example [Style
284 Numbered Example (multiline)
289 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
290 it can have several paragraphs
293 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
294 This is a single example
295 \begin_inset CommandInset label
297 name "exa:single-example"
303 Numbered Example (consecutive)
308 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
309 Consecutive single examples get their own numbers
312 \begin_layout Subexample
314 \begin_inset CommandInset label
316 name "sub:subexample"
327 \begin_layout Subexample
331 \begin_layout Standard
332 References to examples are produced as usual: insert a label to the example
333 and a cross-reference via
335 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
339 We refer here, just for the sake of demonstrating this, to
340 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
342 reference "exa:single-example"
347 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
349 reference "sub:subexample"
356 \begin_layout Section
360 \begin_layout Standard
361 The Linguistics module provides two kinds of glosses, which can be inserted
364 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
371 provides a gloss that consists of two lines and a translation, the
375 insets consists of three lines and a translation.
376 Each translation line might span multiple lines in the output, i.
377 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
380 e., the paragraphs are automatically broken if they exceed the text width.
381 Note that the translation line is mandatory and must be preceded by the
388 which must be inserted verbatim in the gloss inset (TeX mode is not needed,
389 and in fact not even possible).
392 \begin_layout Standard
393 Here is a simple example:
396 \begin_layout Standard
397 \begin_inset Flex Custom:Glosse
400 \begin_layout Plain Layout
402 C'est un exemple simple
405 \begin_layout Plain Layout
407 {This is} an example simple
410 \begin_layout Plain Layout
415 \begin_inset Quotes els
418 This is a simple example
419 \begin_inset Quotes ers
430 \begin_layout Standard
432 Note how the braces hold together multi-word expressions.
435 \begin_layout Standard
436 In the same vein, we can make a three-line gloss:
439 \begin_layout Standard
440 \begin_inset Flex Custom:Tri-Glosse
443 \begin_layout Plain Layout
445 C'est un exemple simple
448 \begin_layout Plain Layout
450 {Das ist} ein Beispiel einfach
453 \begin_layout Plain Layout
455 {This is} an example simple
458 \begin_layout Plain Layout
463 \begin_inset Quotes els
466 This is a simple example
467 \begin_inset Quotes ers
478 \begin_layout Standard
480 If you want to have numbered glosses, you can simply insert the gloss inset
481 to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
484 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
485 \begin_inset Flex Custom:Tri-Glosse
488 \begin_layout Plain Layout
490 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
493 \begin_layout Plain Layout
495 My skeertuig is vol palings
498 \begin_layout Plain Layout
500 My hovercraft is {full of} eels
503 \begin_layout Plain Layout
508 \begin_inset Quotes els
512 \begin_inset Quotes ers
523 \begin_layout Standard
524 Note that font changes are not allowed in glosses.
530 Since glosses are not hyphenated, an explicit language setting in the LaTeX
531 output is not required (in fact, it would break the output, since covington
532 does not support it).
533 However, you still might want to set the language for proper spell checking.
534 Currently, you have to do this as follows: select the text, and then issue
538 arg "command-execute"
549 should be replaced by the respective language, e.
550 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
567 In the LaTeX output, this setting will be supressed.
570 \begin_layout Section
571 Optimality Theory Tableaux
574 \begin_layout Standard
575 OT tableaux itself can of course simply be inserted as ordinary tables (for
576 specific features such as dashed lines and shaded cells, cf.
582 However, you might want to have the tableaux numbered throughout the document,
583 and you might want to have a
595 \begin_layout Standard
596 The Linguistics module provides support for both.
599 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
602 , you'll find a Tableaux float:
605 \begin_layout Standard
606 \begin_inset Float tableau
612 \begin_layout Plain Layout
615 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
617 <column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
618 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
619 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
620 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0" special="|c">
621 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
623 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
626 \begin_layout Plain Layout
632 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
635 \begin_layout Plain Layout
643 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
646 \begin_layout Plain Layout
654 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
657 \begin_layout Plain Layout
665 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
668 \begin_layout Plain Layout
678 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
681 \begin_layout Plain Layout
682 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{☞}$
686 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
694 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
697 \begin_layout Plain Layout
703 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
706 \begin_layout Plain Layout
712 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
715 \begin_layout Plain Layout
721 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
724 \begin_layout Plain Layout
732 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
735 \begin_layout Plain Layout
741 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
744 \begin_layout Plain Layout
750 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
753 \begin_layout Plain Layout
759 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
762 \begin_layout Plain Layout
768 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
771 \begin_layout Plain Layout
779 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
782 \begin_layout Plain Layout
783 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
791 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
794 \begin_layout Plain Layout
800 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
803 \begin_layout Plain Layout
809 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
812 \begin_layout Plain Layout
818 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
821 \begin_layout Plain Layout
829 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
832 \begin_layout Plain Layout
838 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
841 \begin_layout Plain Layout
847 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
850 \begin_layout Plain Layout
856 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
859 \begin_layout Plain Layout
865 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
868 \begin_layout Plain Layout
882 \begin_layout Plain Layout
885 \begin_layout Plain Layout
899 \begin_layout Standard
900 Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
901 the output, no matter where you put it in the LyX window.
902 To get the Tableaux captions on top, put the following code in
904 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
905 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
911 \begin_layout LyX-Code
917 \begin_layout LyX-Code
920 restylefloat{tableau}
923 \begin_layout Standard
924 If your using a KOMA class, use the following instead for better spacing:
927 \begin_layout LyX-Code
930 floatstyle{komaabove}
933 \begin_layout LyX-Code
936 restylefloat{tableau}
939 \begin_layout Standard
940 A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
942 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
946 Even though this usually is placed at the beginning or the end of the document,
947 we do this here for exemplification purposes:
950 \begin_layout Standard
951 \begin_inset FloatList tableau
958 \begin_layout Section
959 Semantic Markup (Character Styles)
962 \begin_layout Standard
963 The Linguistics module comes with some character styles that are common
967 \begin_layout Enumerate
968 Concept (in small caps):
969 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Concepts
972 \begin_layout Plain Layout
981 \begin_layout Enumerate
982 Expression (emphasized):
983 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Expression
986 \begin_layout Plain Layout
995 \begin_layout Enumerate
996 Meaning (in single quotes):
997 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Meaning
1000 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1009 \begin_layout Standard
1010 You can insert the character styles via the
1012 Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1016 If you need to change the appearance of these styles later, you can redefine
1017 them in the preamble.
1018 To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
1021 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1031 \begin_layout Standard
1032 Similarly, concept (
1047 \begin_layout Section
1048 Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
1051 \begin_layout Standard
1052 You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
1053 is a base functionality of LyX.
1054 However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
1055 (briefly) in this paper nevertheless.
1058 \begin_layout Standard
1059 A prerequisite to use LyX's IPA support is the LaTeX package
1064 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1071 Additionally, if you want to have instant preview, you should have the
1077 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1086 \begin_layout Standard
1087 Phonetic symbols can be entered via
1089 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1090 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1094 You get a little frame, where you can insert the symbols using the shortcut
1095 notation which is described in the
1101 \begin_inset Formula $\text{\textipa{[Ekspl@"neIS@n]}}$
1120 x is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
1122 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1123 Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1126 cs), you'll get a nice preview as soon as the cursor leaves the frame.
1129 \begin_layout Standard
1130 Furthermore, most IPA glyphs can also be inserted (e.
1131 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1135 \begin_inset space \space{}
1140 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1141 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1142 Symbols\SpecialChar \ldots{}
1145 ) or pasted directly into LyX: [ɛkspləˈneɪʃən].
1146 In the output, they will be automatically transformed into the correct
1151 macro (if not, please inform me).
1152 However, please note that the former method produces better output quality
1156 \begin_layout Enumerate
1157 direct input might result in a mix of fonts (in the above example, the latin
1158 characters are taken from the base font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font,
1161 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1162 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1165 s uses the IPA font for all characters)
1168 \begin_layout Enumerate
1169 the letter kerning is not preserved
1172 \begin_layout Standard
1173 So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, the former method
1174 is recommended, and it's worth learning the (pretty intuitive) IPA shortcut
1178 \begin_layout Section
1182 \begin_layout Standard
1183 For a detailed description of specific possibilities for linguists, please
1184 refer to the LinguistLyX page on the LyX wiki
1185 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1191 (feel free to enter your own hints there).
1194 \begin_layout Bibliography
1195 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1196 LatexCommand bibitem
1201 The covington package:
1202 \begin_inset Flex URL
1205 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1207 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/covington/
1215 \begin_layout Bibliography
1216 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1217 LatexCommand bibitem
1222 The csquotes package:
1223 \begin_inset Flex URL
1226 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1228 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/csquotes/
1236 \begin_layout Bibliography
1237 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1238 LatexCommand bibitem
1243 The enumitem package:
1244 \begin_inset Flex URL
1247 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1249 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/
1257 \begin_layout Bibliography
1258 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1259 LatexCommand bibitem
1265 \begin_inset Flex URL
1268 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1270 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/float/
1278 \begin_layout Bibliography
1279 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1280 LatexCommand bibitem
1285 Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using LyX for Linguisti
1288 \begin_inset Flex URL
1291 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1293 http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX
1301 \begin_layout Bibliography
1302 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1303 LatexCommand bibitem
1308 The preview-latex package:
1309 \begin_inset Flex URL
1312 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1314 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/preview/
1322 \begin_layout Bibliography
1323 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1324 LatexCommand bibitem
1329 The tipa package and fonts:
1330 \begin_inset Flex URL
1333 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1335 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/