1 #LyX 1.6.2svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
7 %% Uncomment the following for Tableaux captions on top:
9 %\restylefloat{tableau}
11 \use_default_options false
19 \font_typewriter default
20 \font_default_family default
27 \paperfontsize default
31 \pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
32 \pdf_bookmarksopen false
33 \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
45 \paperorientation portrait
48 \paragraph_separation indent
50 \quotes_language english
53 \paperpagestyle default
54 \tracking_changes false
63 Writing linguistic papers with LyX
68 \begin_inset Newline newline
72 \begin_inset CommandInset href
74 target "spitz@lyx.org"
86 \begin_layout Abstract
87 This paper describes some features that LyX provides to linguists.
88 It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
89 examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, and phonetic symbols (IPA).
93 Aims and prerequisites
96 \begin_layout Standard
97 Basically, this paper describes the features of the
98 \begin_inset Quotes eld
102 \begin_inset Quotes erd
105 module that ships with LyX as of version 1.6.0.
107 \begin_inset Quotes eld
111 \begin_inset Quotes erd
114 are support files (introduced with LyX 1.6.0) that can easily be selected
116 In order to use the Linguistics module, go to
118 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
119 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
123 \begin_inset Quotes eld
127 \begin_inset Quotes erd
130 from the list of available modules, and hit the
134 button to select it for your document (as already done for this document).
137 \begin_layout Standard
138 You should be able to use the module with any document class (please inform
140 However, in order to use all the features, you need to have the following
141 LaTeX packages installed:
144 \begin_layout Enumerate
150 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
156 : This is the base package used for numbered examples and glosses.
159 \begin_layout Enumerate
165 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
171 : This package is used for the Subexamples style.
172 It is generally useful to alter the appearance of lists (such as
187 \begin_layout Enumerate
193 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
204 The package provides context sensitive quotation marks, depending on the
208 \begin_layout Enumerate
214 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
220 : Needed for the OT tableaux floats and list of floats.
221 This package should be part of any LaTeX distribution.
224 \begin_layout Section
228 \begin_layout Standard
229 Numbered examples are inserted via the layout drop-down box in the toolbar.
230 There are three variants:
233 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
234 This is a multiline example [Style
236 Numbered Example (multiline)
241 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
242 it can have several paragraphs
245 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
246 This is a single example
247 \begin_inset CommandInset label
249 name "exa:single-example"
255 Numbered Example (consecutive)
260 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
261 Consecutive single examples get their own numbers
264 \begin_layout Subexample
266 \begin_inset CommandInset label
268 name "sub:subexample"
279 \begin_layout Subexample
283 \begin_layout Standard
284 References to examples are produced as usual: insert a label to the example
285 and a cross-reference via
287 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
291 We refer here, just for the sake of demonstrating this, to
292 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
294 reference "exa:single-example"
299 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
301 reference "sub:subexample"
308 \begin_layout Section
312 \begin_layout Standard
313 The Linguistics module provides two kinds of glosses, which can be inserted
316 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
323 provides a glosse that consists of two lines and a translation, the
327 insets consists of three lines and a translation.
328 Each translation line might span multiple lines in the output, i.
329 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
332 e., the paragraphs are automatically broken if they exceed the text width.
333 Note that the translation line is mandatory and must be preceded by the
340 which must be inserted verbatim in the glosse inset (TeX mode is not needed,
341 and in fact not even possible).
344 \begin_layout Standard
345 Here is a simple example:
348 \begin_layout Standard
349 \begin_inset Flex Custom:Glosse
352 \begin_layout Plain Layout
353 C'est un exemple simple
356 \begin_layout Plain Layout
357 {This is} an example simple
360 \begin_layout Plain Layout
364 \begin_inset Quotes els
367 This is a simple example
368 \begin_inset Quotes ers
379 \begin_layout Standard
381 Note how the braces hold together multi-word expressions.
384 \begin_layout Standard
385 In the same vein, we can make a three-line glosse:
388 \begin_layout Standard
389 \begin_inset Flex Custom:Tri-Glosse
392 \begin_layout Plain Layout
393 C'est un exemple simple
396 \begin_layout Plain Layout
397 {Das ist} ein Beispiel einfach
400 \begin_layout Plain Layout
401 {This is} an example simple
404 \begin_layout Plain Layout
408 \begin_inset Quotes els
411 This is a simple example
412 \begin_inset Quotes ers
423 \begin_layout Standard
425 If you want to have numbered glosses, you can simply insert the glosse inset
426 to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
429 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
430 \begin_inset Flex Custom:Tri-Glosse
433 \begin_layout Plain Layout
434 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
437 \begin_layout Plain Layout
438 My skeertuig is vol palings
441 \begin_layout Plain Layout
442 My hovercraft is {full of} eels
445 \begin_layout Plain Layout
449 \begin_inset Quotes els
453 \begin_inset Quotes ers
464 \begin_layout Standard
465 Note that font changes are not allowed in glosses.
471 Since glosses are not hyphenated, an explicit language setting in the LaTeX
472 output is not required (in fact, it would break the output, since covington
473 does not support it).
474 However, you still might want to set the language for proper spell checking.
475 Currently, you have to do this as follows: select the text, and then issue
479 arg "command-execute"
490 should be replaced by the respective language, e.
491 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
508 In the LaTeX output, this setting will be supressed.
511 \begin_layout Section
512 Optimality Theory Tableaux
515 \begin_layout Standard
516 OT tableaux itself can of course simply be inserted as ordinary tables (for
517 specific features such as dashed lines and shaded cells, cf.
523 However, you might want to have the tableaux numbered throughout the document,
524 and you might want to have a
536 \begin_layout Standard
537 The Linguistics module provides support for both.
540 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
543 , you'll find a Tableaux float:
546 \begin_layout Standard
547 \begin_inset Float tableau
553 \begin_layout Plain Layout
556 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
558 <column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
559 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
560 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
561 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0" special="|c">
562 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
564 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
567 \begin_layout Plain Layout
573 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
576 \begin_layout Plain Layout
584 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
587 \begin_layout Plain Layout
595 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
598 \begin_layout Plain Layout
606 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
609 \begin_layout Plain Layout
619 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
622 \begin_layout Plain Layout
623 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{☞}$
627 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
635 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
638 \begin_layout Plain Layout
644 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
647 \begin_layout Plain Layout
653 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
656 \begin_layout Plain Layout
662 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
665 \begin_layout Plain Layout
673 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
676 \begin_layout Plain Layout
682 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
685 \begin_layout Plain Layout
691 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
694 \begin_layout Plain Layout
700 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
703 \begin_layout Plain Layout
709 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
712 \begin_layout Plain Layout
720 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
723 \begin_layout Plain Layout
724 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
732 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
735 \begin_layout Plain Layout
741 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
744 \begin_layout Plain Layout
750 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
753 \begin_layout Plain Layout
759 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
762 \begin_layout Plain Layout
770 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
773 \begin_layout Plain Layout
779 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
782 \begin_layout Plain Layout
788 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
791 \begin_layout Plain Layout
797 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
800 \begin_layout Plain Layout
806 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
809 \begin_layout Plain Layout
823 \begin_layout Plain Layout
826 \begin_layout Plain Layout
840 \begin_layout Standard
841 Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
842 the output, no matter where you put it in the LyX window.
843 To get the Tableaux captions on top, put the following code in
845 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
846 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
852 \begin_layout LyX-Code
858 \begin_layout LyX-Code
861 restylefloat{tableau}
864 \begin_layout Standard
865 If your using a KOMA class, use the following instead for better spacing:
868 \begin_layout LyX-Code
871 floatstyle{komaabove}
874 \begin_layout LyX-Code
877 restylefloat{tableau}
880 \begin_layout Standard
881 A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
883 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
887 Even though this usually is placed at the beginning or the end of the document,
888 we do this here for exemplification purposes:
891 \begin_layout Standard
892 \begin_inset FloatList tableau
899 \begin_layout Section
900 Semantic Markup (Character Styles)
903 \begin_layout Standard
904 The Linguistics module comes with some character styles that are common
908 \begin_layout Enumerate
909 Concept (in small caps):
910 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Concepts
913 \begin_layout Plain Layout
922 \begin_layout Enumerate
923 Expression (emphasized):
924 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Expression
927 \begin_layout Plain Layout
936 \begin_layout Enumerate
937 Meaning (in single quotes):
938 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Meaning
941 \begin_layout Plain Layout
950 \begin_layout Standard
951 You can insert the character styles via the
953 Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
957 If you need to change the appearance of these styles later, you can redefine
958 them in the preamble.
959 To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
962 \begin_layout LyX-Code
972 \begin_layout Standard
988 \begin_layout Section
989 Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
992 \begin_layout Standard
993 You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
994 is a base functionality of LyX.
995 However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
996 (briefly) in this paper nevertheless.
999 \begin_layout Standard
1000 A prerequisite to use LyX's IPA support is the LaTeX package
1005 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1012 Additionally, if you want to have instant preview, you should have the
1018 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1027 \begin_layout Standard
1028 Phonetic symbols can be entered via
1030 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1031 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1035 You get a little frame, where you can insert the symbols using the shortcut
1036 notation which is described in the
1042 \begin_inset Formula $\text{\textipa{[Ekspl@"neIS@n]}}$
1061 x is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
1063 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1064 Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1067 cs), you'll get a nice preview as soon as the cursor leaves the frame.
1070 \begin_layout Standard
1071 Furthermore, most IPA glyphs can also be inserted (e.
1072 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1076 \begin_inset space \space{}
1081 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1082 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1083 Symbols\SpecialChar \ldots{}
1086 ) or pasted directly into LyX: [ɛkspləˈneɪʃən].
1087 In the output, they will be automatically transformed into the correct
1092 macro (if not, please inform me).
1093 However, please note that the former method produces better output quality
1097 \begin_layout Enumerate
1098 direct input might result in a mix of fonts (in the above example, the latin
1099 characters are taken from the base font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font,
1102 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1103 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1106 s uses the IPA font for all characters)
1109 \begin_layout Enumerate
1110 the letter kerning is not preserved
1113 \begin_layout Standard
1114 So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, the former method
1115 is recommended, and it's worth learning the (pretty intuitive) IPA shortcut
1119 \begin_layout Section
1123 \begin_layout Standard
1124 For a detailed description of specific possibilities for linguists, please
1125 refer to the LinguistLyX page on the LyX wiki
1126 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1132 (feel free to enter your own hints there).
1135 \begin_layout Bibliography
1136 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1137 LatexCommand bibitem
1142 The covington package:
1143 \begin_inset Flex URL
1146 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1148 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/covington/
1156 \begin_layout Bibliography
1157 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1158 LatexCommand bibitem
1163 The csquotes package:
1164 \begin_inset Flex URL
1167 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1169 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/csquotes/
1177 \begin_layout Bibliography
1178 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1179 LatexCommand bibitem
1184 The enumitem package:
1185 \begin_inset Flex URL
1188 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1190 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/
1198 \begin_layout Bibliography
1199 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1200 LatexCommand bibitem
1206 \begin_inset Flex URL
1209 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1211 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/float/
1219 \begin_layout Bibliography
1220 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1221 LatexCommand bibitem
1226 Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using LyX for Linguisti
1229 \begin_inset Flex URL
1232 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1234 http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX
1242 \begin_layout Bibliography
1243 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1244 LatexCommand bibitem
1249 The preview-latex package:
1250 \begin_inset Flex URL
1253 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1255 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/preview/
1263 \begin_layout Bibliography
1264 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1265 LatexCommand bibitem
1270 The tipa package and fonts:
1271 \begin_inset Flex URL
1274 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1276 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/