1 #LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
7 %% Uncomment the following for Tableaux captions on top:
9 %\restylefloat{tableau}
11 \use_default_options false
15 \maintain_unincluded_children false
17 \language_package default
22 \font_typewriter default
23 \font_default_family default
24 \use_non_tex_fonts false
31 \default_output_format default
33 \bibtex_command default
34 \index_command default
35 \paperfontsize default
39 \pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
40 \pdf_bookmarksopen false
41 \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
56 \paperorientation portrait
65 \paragraph_separation indent
66 \paragraph_indentation default
67 \quotes_language english
70 \paperpagestyle default
71 \tracking_changes false
81 Writing linguistic papers with LyX
86 \begin_inset Newline newline
90 \begin_inset CommandInset href
92 target "spitz@lyx.org"
104 \begin_layout Abstract
105 This paper describes some features that LyX provides to linguists.
106 It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
107 examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, and phonetic symbols (IPA).
110 \begin_layout Section
111 Aims and prerequisites
114 \begin_layout Standard
115 Basically, this paper describes the features of the
116 \begin_inset Quotes eld
120 \begin_inset Quotes erd
123 module that ships with LyX as of version 1.6.0.
125 \begin_inset Quotes eld
129 \begin_inset Quotes erd
132 are support files (introduced with LyX 1.6.0) that can easily be selected
134 In order to use the Linguistics module, go to
136 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
137 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
141 \begin_inset Quotes eld
145 \begin_inset Quotes erd
148 from the list of available modules, and hit the
152 button to select it for your document (as already done for this document).
155 \begin_layout Standard
156 You should be able to use the module with any document class (please inform
158 However, in order to use all the features, you need to have the following
159 LaTeX packages installed:
162 \begin_layout Enumerate
168 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
174 : This is the base package used for numbered examples and glosses.
178 \begin_layout Itemize
179 Installed on your system:
189 \begin_layout Enumerate
195 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
201 : This package is used for the Subexamples style.
202 It is generally useful to alter the appearance of lists (such as
218 \begin_layout Itemize
219 Installed on your system:
229 \begin_layout Enumerate
235 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
246 The package provides context sensitive quotation marks, depending on the
251 \begin_layout Itemize
252 Installed on your system:
262 \begin_layout Enumerate
268 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
274 : Needed for the OT tableaux floats and list of floats.
275 This package should be part of any LaTeX distribution.
279 \begin_layout Itemize
280 Installed on your system:
290 \begin_layout Section
294 \begin_layout Standard
295 Numbered examples are inserted via the layout drop-down box in the toolbar.
296 There are three variants:
299 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
300 This is a multiline example [Style
302 Numbered Example (multiline)
307 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
308 it can have several paragraphs
311 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
312 This is a single example
313 \begin_inset CommandInset label
315 name "exa:single-example"
321 Numbered Example (consecutive)
326 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
327 Consecutive single examples get their own numbers
330 \begin_layout Subexample
332 \begin_inset CommandInset label
334 name "sub:subexample"
345 \begin_layout Subexample
349 \begin_layout Standard
350 References to examples are produced as usual: insert a label to the example
351 and a cross-reference via
353 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
357 We refer here, just for the sake of demonstrating this, to
358 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
360 reference "exa:single-example"
365 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
367 reference "sub:subexample"
374 \begin_layout Section
378 \begin_layout Standard
379 The Linguistics module provides two kinds of glosses, which can be inserted
382 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
389 provides a gloss that consists of two lines and a translation, the
393 insets consists of three lines and a translation.
394 Each translation line might span multiple lines in the output, i.
395 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
398 e., the paragraphs are automatically broken if they exceed the text width.
399 Note that the translation line is mandatory and must be preceded by the
406 which must be inserted verbatim in the gloss inset (TeX mode is not needed,
407 and in fact not even possible).
410 \begin_layout Standard
411 Here is a simple example:
414 \begin_layout Standard
415 \begin_inset Flex Glosse
418 \begin_layout Plain Layout
420 C'est un exemple simple
423 \begin_layout Plain Layout
425 {This is} an example simple
428 \begin_layout Plain Layout
432 glt This is a simple example
440 \begin_layout Standard
442 Note how the braces hold together multi-word expressions.
445 \begin_layout Standard
446 In the same vein, we can make a three-line gloss:
449 \begin_layout Standard
450 \begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
453 \begin_layout Plain Layout
455 C'est un exemple simple
458 \begin_layout Plain Layout
460 {Das ist} ein Beispiel einfach
463 \begin_layout Plain Layout
465 {This is} an example simple
468 \begin_layout Plain Layout
472 glt This is a simple example
480 \begin_layout Standard
482 If you want to have numbered glosses, you can simply insert the gloss inset
483 to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
486 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
487 \begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
490 \begin_layout Plain Layout
492 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
495 \begin_layout Plain Layout
497 My skeertuig is vol palings
500 \begin_layout Plain Layout
502 My hovercraft is {full of} eels
505 \begin_layout Plain Layout
509 glt Do you have matches?
517 \begin_layout Standard
518 Note that font changes are not allowed in glosses.
524 Since glosses are not hyphenated, an explicit language setting in the LaTeX
525 output is not required (in fact, it would break the output, since covington
526 does not support it).
527 However, you still might want to set the language for proper spell checking.
528 Currently, you have to do this as follows: select the text, and then issue
532 arg "command-execute"
543 should be replaced by the respective language, e.
544 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
561 In the LaTeX output, this setting will be supressed.
564 \begin_layout Section
565 Optimality Theory Tableaux
568 \begin_layout Standard
569 OT tableaux itself can of course simply be inserted as ordinary tables (for
570 specific features such as dashed lines and shaded cells, cf.
576 However, you might want to have the tableaux numbered throughout the document,
577 and you might want to have a
589 \begin_layout Standard
590 The Linguistics module provides support for both.
593 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
596 , you'll find a Tableaux float:
599 \begin_layout Standard
600 \begin_inset Float tableau
606 \begin_layout Plain Layout
609 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
610 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
611 <column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
612 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
613 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
614 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0" special="|c">
615 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
617 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
620 \begin_layout Plain Layout
626 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
629 \begin_layout Plain Layout
637 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
640 \begin_layout Plain Layout
648 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
651 \begin_layout Plain Layout
659 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
662 \begin_layout Plain Layout
672 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
675 \begin_layout Plain Layout
676 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{☞}$
680 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
688 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
691 \begin_layout Plain Layout
697 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
700 \begin_layout Plain Layout
706 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
709 \begin_layout Plain Layout
715 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
718 \begin_layout Plain Layout
726 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
729 \begin_layout Plain Layout
735 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
738 \begin_layout Plain Layout
744 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
747 \begin_layout Plain Layout
753 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
756 \begin_layout Plain Layout
762 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
765 \begin_layout Plain Layout
773 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
776 \begin_layout Plain Layout
777 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
785 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
788 \begin_layout Plain Layout
794 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
797 \begin_layout Plain Layout
803 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
806 \begin_layout Plain Layout
812 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
815 \begin_layout Plain Layout
823 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
826 \begin_layout Plain Layout
832 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
835 \begin_layout Plain Layout
841 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
844 \begin_layout Plain Layout
850 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
853 \begin_layout Plain Layout
859 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
862 \begin_layout Plain Layout
876 \begin_layout Plain Layout
879 \begin_layout Plain Layout
893 \begin_layout Standard
894 Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
895 the output, no matter where you put it in the LyX window.
896 To get the Tableaux captions on top, put the following code in
898 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
899 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
905 \begin_layout LyX-Code
911 \begin_layout LyX-Code
914 restylefloat{tableau}
917 \begin_layout Standard
918 If your using a KOMA class, use the following instead for better spacing:
921 \begin_layout LyX-Code
924 floatstyle{komaabove}
927 \begin_layout LyX-Code
930 restylefloat{tableau}
933 \begin_layout Standard
934 A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
936 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
940 Even though this usually is placed at the beginning or the end of the document,
941 we do this here for exemplification purposes:
944 \begin_layout Standard
945 \begin_inset FloatList tableau
952 \begin_layout Section
953 Semantic Markup (Character Styles)
956 \begin_layout Standard
957 The Linguistics module comes with some character styles that are common
961 \begin_layout Enumerate
962 Concept (in small caps):
963 \begin_inset Flex Concepts
966 \begin_layout Plain Layout
975 \begin_layout Enumerate
976 Expression (emphasized):
977 \begin_inset Flex Expression
980 \begin_layout Plain Layout
989 \begin_layout Enumerate
990 Meaning (in single quotes):
991 \begin_inset Flex Meaning
994 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1003 \begin_layout Standard
1004 You can insert the character styles via the
1006 Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1010 If you need to change the appearance of these styles later, you can redefine
1011 them in the preamble.
1012 To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
1015 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1025 \begin_layout Standard
1026 Similarly, concept (
1041 \begin_layout Section
1042 Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
1045 \begin_layout Standard
1046 You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
1047 is a base functionality of LyX.
1048 However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
1049 (briefly) in this paper nevertheless.
1052 \begin_layout Standard
1053 A prerequisite to use LyX's IPA support is the LaTeX package
1058 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1065 Additionally, if you want to have instant preview, you should have the
1071 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1080 \begin_layout Standard
1081 Phonetic symbols can be entered via
1083 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1084 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1088 You get a little frame, where you can insert the symbols using the shortcut
1089 notation which is described in the
1095 \begin_inset Formula $\text{\textipa{[Ekspl@"neIS@n]}}$
1114 x is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
1116 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1117 Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1120 cs), you'll get a nice preview as soon as the cursor leaves the frame.
1123 \begin_layout Standard
1124 Furthermore, most IPA glyphs can also be inserted (e.
1125 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1129 \begin_inset space \space{}
1134 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1135 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1136 Symbols\SpecialChar \ldots{}
1139 ) or pasted directly into LyX: [ɛkspləˈneɪʃən].
1140 In the output, they will be automatically transformed into the correct
1145 macro (if not, please inform me).
1146 However, please note that the former method produces better output quality
1150 \begin_layout Enumerate
1151 direct input might result in a mix of fonts (in the above example, the latin
1152 characters are taken from the base font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font,
1155 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1156 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1159 s uses the IPA font for all characters)
1162 \begin_layout Enumerate
1163 the letter kerning is not preserved
1166 \begin_layout Standard
1167 So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, the former method
1168 is recommended, and it's worth learning the (pretty intuitive) IPA shortcut
1172 \begin_layout Section
1176 \begin_layout Standard
1177 For a detailed description of specific possibilities for linguists, please
1178 refer to the LinguistLyX page on the LyX wiki
1179 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1185 (feel free to enter your own hints there).
1188 \begin_layout Bibliography
1189 \labelwidthstring References
1190 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1191 LatexCommand bibitem
1196 The covington package:
1197 \begin_inset Flex URL
1200 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1202 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/covington/
1210 \begin_layout Bibliography
1211 \labelwidthstring References
1212 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1213 LatexCommand bibitem
1218 The csquotes package:
1219 \begin_inset Flex URL
1222 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1224 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/csquotes/
1232 \begin_layout Bibliography
1233 \labelwidthstring References
1234 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1235 LatexCommand bibitem
1240 The enumitem package:
1241 \begin_inset Flex URL
1244 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1246 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/
1254 \begin_layout Bibliography
1255 \labelwidthstring References
1256 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1257 LatexCommand bibitem
1263 \begin_inset Flex URL
1266 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1268 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/float/
1276 \begin_layout Bibliography
1277 \labelwidthstring References
1278 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1279 LatexCommand bibitem
1284 Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using LyX for Linguisti
1287 \begin_inset Flex URL
1290 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1292 http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX
1300 \begin_layout Bibliography
1301 \labelwidthstring References
1302 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1303 LatexCommand bibitem
1308 The preview-latex package:
1309 \begin_inset Flex URL
1312 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1314 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/preview/
1322 \begin_layout Bibliography
1323 \labelwidthstring References
1324 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1325 LatexCommand bibitem
1330 The tipa package and fonts:
1331 \begin_inset Flex URL
1334 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1336 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/