1 #LyX 1.6.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
7 %% Uncomment the following for Tableaux captions on top:
9 %\restylefloat{tableau}
11 \use_default_options false
19 \font_typewriter default
20 \font_default_family default
27 \paperfontsize default
31 \pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
32 \pdf_bookmarksopen false
33 \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
45 \paperorientation portrait
48 \paragraph_separation indent
50 \quotes_language english
53 \paperpagestyle default
54 \tracking_changes false
63 Writing linguistic papers with LyX
68 \begin_inset Newline newline
72 \begin_inset CommandInset href
74 target "spitz@lyx.org"
86 \begin_layout Abstract
87 This paper describes some features that LyX provides to linguists.
88 It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
89 examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, and phonetic symbols (IPA).
93 Aims and prerequisites
96 \begin_layout Standard
97 Basically, this paper describes the features of the
98 \begin_inset Quotes eld
102 \begin_inset Quotes erd
105 module that ships with LyX as of version 1.6.0.
107 \begin_inset Quotes eld
111 \begin_inset Quotes erd
114 are support files (introduced with LyX 1.6.0) that can easily be selected
116 In order to use the Linguistics module, go to
118 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
119 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
123 \begin_inset Quotes eld
127 \begin_inset Quotes erd
130 from the list of available modules, and hit the
134 button to select it for your document (as already done for this document).
137 \begin_layout Standard
138 You should be able to use the module with any document class (please inform
140 However, in order to use all the features, you need to have the following
141 LaTeX packages installed:
144 \begin_layout Enumerate
150 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
156 : This is the base package used for numbered examples and glosses.
159 \begin_layout Enumerate
165 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
171 : This package is used for the Subexamples style.
172 It is generally useful to alter the appearance of lists (such as
187 \begin_layout Enumerate
193 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
204 The package provides context sensitive quotation marks, depending on the
208 \begin_layout Enumerate
214 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
220 : Needed for the OT tableaux floats and list of floats.
221 This package should be part of any LaTeX distribution.
224 \begin_layout Section
228 \begin_layout Standard
229 Numbered examples are inserted via the layout dropdown box in the toolbar.
230 There are three variants:
233 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
234 This is a multiline example [Style
236 Numbered Example (multiline)
241 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
242 it can have several paragraphs
245 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
246 This is a single example
247 \begin_inset CommandInset label
249 name "exa:single-example"
255 Numbered Example (consecutive)
260 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
261 Consecutive single examples get their own numbers
264 \begin_layout Subexample
266 \begin_inset CommandInset label
268 name "sub:subexample"
279 \begin_layout Subexample
283 \begin_layout Standard
284 References to examples are produced as usual: insert a label to the example
285 and a crossreference via
287 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
291 We refer here, just for the sake of demonstrating this, to
292 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
294 reference "exa:single-example"
299 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
301 reference "sub:subexample"
308 \begin_layout Section
312 \begin_layout Standard
313 The Linguistics module provides two kinds of glosses, which can be inserted
316 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
323 provides a glosse that consists of two lines and a translation, the
327 insets consists of three lines and a translation.
328 Note that the translation line is mandatory and must be preceded by the
335 which should be inserted verbatim in the Glosse inset (ERT is not needed,
336 and in fact not even possible).
339 \begin_layout Standard
340 Here is a simple example:
343 \begin_layout Standard
344 \begin_inset Flex Custom:Glosse
347 \begin_layout Plain Layout
348 C'est un exemple simple
351 \begin_layout Plain Layout
352 {This is} an example simple
355 \begin_layout Plain Layout
359 \begin_inset Quotes els
362 This is a simple example
363 \begin_inset Quotes ers
374 \begin_layout Standard
375 Note that the braces hold together multi-word expressions.
376 In the same vein, we can make a three-line glosse:
379 \begin_layout Standard
380 \begin_inset Flex Custom:Tri-Glosse
383 \begin_layout Plain Layout
384 C'est un exemple simple
387 \begin_layout Plain Layout
388 {Das ist} ein Beispiel einfach
391 \begin_layout Plain Layout
392 {This is} an example simple
395 \begin_layout Plain Layout
399 \begin_inset Quotes els
402 This is a simple example
403 \begin_inset Quotes ers
414 \begin_layout Standard
415 If you want to have numbered glosses, you can simply insert the Glosse inset
416 to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
419 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
420 \begin_inset Flex Custom:Tri-Glosse
423 \begin_layout Plain Layout
424 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
427 \begin_layout Plain Layout
428 My skeertuig is vol palings
431 \begin_layout Plain Layout
432 My hovercraft is {full of} eels
435 \begin_layout Plain Layout
439 \begin_inset Quotes els
443 \begin_inset Quotes ers
454 \begin_layout Section
455 Optimality Theory Tableaux
458 \begin_layout Standard
459 OT tableaux itself can of course simply be inserted as ordinary tables (for
460 specific features such as dashed lines and shaded cells, cf.
466 However, you might want to have the tableaux numbered throughout the document,
467 and you might want to have a
479 \begin_layout Standard
480 The Linguistics module provides support for both.
483 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
486 , you'll find a Tableaux float:
489 \begin_layout Standard
490 \begin_inset Float tableau
496 \begin_layout Plain Layout
499 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
501 <column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
502 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
503 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
504 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0" special="|c">
505 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
507 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
510 \begin_layout Plain Layout
516 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
519 \begin_layout Plain Layout
527 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
530 \begin_layout Plain Layout
538 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
541 \begin_layout Plain Layout
549 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
552 \begin_layout Plain Layout
562 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
565 \begin_layout Plain Layout
566 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{☞}$
570 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
578 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
581 \begin_layout Plain Layout
587 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
590 \begin_layout Plain Layout
596 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
599 \begin_layout Plain Layout
605 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
608 \begin_layout Plain Layout
616 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
619 \begin_layout Plain Layout
625 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
628 \begin_layout Plain Layout
634 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
637 \begin_layout Plain Layout
643 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
646 \begin_layout Plain Layout
652 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
655 \begin_layout Plain Layout
663 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
666 \begin_layout Plain Layout
667 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
675 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
678 \begin_layout Plain Layout
684 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
687 \begin_layout Plain Layout
693 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
696 \begin_layout Plain Layout
702 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
705 \begin_layout Plain Layout
713 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
716 \begin_layout Plain Layout
722 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
725 \begin_layout Plain Layout
731 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
734 \begin_layout Plain Layout
740 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
743 \begin_layout Plain Layout
749 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
752 \begin_layout Plain Layout
766 \begin_layout Plain Layout
769 \begin_layout Plain Layout
783 \begin_layout Standard
784 Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
785 the output, no matter where you put it in the LyX window.
786 To get the Tableaux captions on top, put the following code in
788 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
789 Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
795 \begin_layout LyX-Code
801 \begin_layout LyX-Code
804 restylefloat{tableau}
807 \begin_layout Standard
808 If your using a KOMA class, use the following instead for better spacing:
811 \begin_layout LyX-Code
814 floatstyle{komaabove}
817 \begin_layout LyX-Code
820 restylefloat{tableau}
823 \begin_layout Standard
824 A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
826 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
830 Even though this usually is placed at the beginning or the end of the document,
831 we do this here for exemplification purposes:
834 \begin_layout Standard
835 \begin_inset FloatList tableau
842 \begin_layout Section
843 Semantic Markup (Character Styles)
846 \begin_layout Standard
847 The Linguistics module comes with some character styles that are common
851 \begin_layout Enumerate
852 Concept (in small caps):
853 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Concepts
856 \begin_layout Plain Layout
865 \begin_layout Enumerate
866 Expression (emphasized):
867 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Expression
870 \begin_layout Plain Layout
879 \begin_layout Enumerate
880 Meaning (in single quotes):
881 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Meaning
884 \begin_layout Plain Layout
893 \begin_layout Standard
894 You can insert the character styles via the
896 Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
900 If you need to change the appearance of these styles later, you can redefine
901 them in the preamble.
902 To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
905 \begin_layout LyX-Code
915 \begin_layout Standard
931 \begin_layout Section
932 Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
935 \begin_layout Standard
936 You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
937 is a base functionality of LyX.
938 However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
939 (briefly) in this paper nevertheless.
942 \begin_layout Standard
943 A prerequisite to use LyX's IPA support is the LaTeX package
948 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
955 Additionally, if you want to have instant preview, you should have the
961 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
970 \begin_layout Standard
971 Phonetic symbols can be entered via
973 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
974 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
978 You get a little frame, where you can insert the symbols using the shortcut
979 notation which is described in the
985 \begin_inset Formula $\text{\textipa{[Ekspl@"neIS@n]}}$
1004 x is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
1006 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1007 Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1010 cs), you'll get a nice preview as soon as the cursor leaves the frame.
1013 \begin_layout Standard
1014 Furthermore, most IPA glyphs can also be inserted (e.
1015 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1021 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1022 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1023 Symbols\SpecialChar \ldots{}
1026 ) or pasted directly into LyX: [ɛkspləˈneɪʃən].
1027 In the output, they will be automatically transformed into the correct
1032 macro (if not, please inform me).
1033 However, please note that the former method produces better output quality
1037 \begin_layout Enumerate
1038 direct input might result in a mix of fonts (in the above example, the latin
1039 characters are taken from the base font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font,
1042 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1043 Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1046 s uses the IPA font for all characters)
1049 \begin_layout Enumerate
1050 the letter kerning is not preserved
1053 \begin_layout Standard
1054 So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, the former method
1055 is recommended, and it's worth learning the (pretty intuitive) IPA shortcut
1059 \begin_layout Section
1063 \begin_layout Standard
1064 For a detailed description of specific possibilities for linguists, please
1065 refer to the LinguistLyX page on the LyX wiki
1066 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
1072 (feel free to enter your own hints there).
1075 \begin_layout Bibliography
1076 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1077 LatexCommand bibitem
1082 The covington package:
1083 \begin_inset Flex URL
1086 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1088 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/covington/
1096 \begin_layout Bibliography
1097 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1098 LatexCommand bibitem
1103 The csquotes package:
1104 \begin_inset Flex URL
1107 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1109 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/csquotes/
1117 \begin_layout Bibliography
1118 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1119 LatexCommand bibitem
1124 The enumitem package:
1125 \begin_inset Flex URL
1128 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1130 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/
1138 \begin_layout Bibliography
1139 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1140 LatexCommand bibitem
1146 \begin_inset Flex URL
1149 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1151 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/float/
1159 \begin_layout Bibliography
1160 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1161 LatexCommand bibitem
1166 Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using LyX for Linguisti
1169 \begin_inset Flex URL
1172 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1174 http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX
1182 \begin_layout Bibliography
1183 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1184 LatexCommand bibitem
1189 The preview-latex package:
1190 \begin_inset Flex URL
1193 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1195 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/preview/
1203 \begin_layout Bibliography
1204 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
1205 LatexCommand bibitem
1210 The tipa package and fonts:
1211 \begin_inset Flex URL
1214 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1216 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/