1 #LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
5 \save_transient_properties true
6 \origin /systemlyxdir/examples/Modules/
9 %% Uncomment the following for Tableaux captions on top:
10 %\floatstyle{plaintop}
11 %\restylefloat{tableau}
13 % Backwards compatibility for forest 1.x
14 % If you use forest 2.0.1 or later, you can delete this
15 \@ifpackageloaded{forest}{%
16 \@ifpackagelater{forest}{2016/02/20}{}{%
18 roof/.style={edge path={\noexpand\path[\forestoption{edge}]%
19 (.north west)--(!u.south)--(.north east)--cycle
20 \forestoption{edge label};
24 for tree={parent anchor=south, child anchor=north},
26 linguistics preamble/.style={sn edges, baseline, for tree={align=center}}
29 \forestOpreto{\forest@root}{given options}{linguistics preamble,}%
34 \use_default_options false
38 \maintain_unincluded_children false
40 \language_package default
43 \font_roman "lmodern" "FreeSerif"
44 \font_sans "default" "FreeSans"
45 \font_typewriter "default" "FreeMono"
46 \font_math "auto" "auto"
47 \font_default_family default
48 \use_non_tex_fonts false
51 \font_sf_scale 100 100
52 \font_tt_scale 100 100
54 \use_dash_ligatures false
56 \default_output_format default
58 \bibtex_command default
59 \index_command default
60 \float_placement class
61 \float_alignment class
62 \paperfontsize default
66 \pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
67 \pdf_bookmarksopen false
68 \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
76 \use_package amsmath 1
77 \use_package amssymb 1
80 \use_package mathdots 1
81 \use_package mathtools 1
83 \use_package stackrel 1
84 \use_package stmaryrd 1
85 \use_package undertilde 1
87 \cite_engine_type default
91 \paperorientation portrait
103 \paragraph_separation indent
104 \paragraph_indentation default
106 \math_numbering_side default
107 \quotes_style english
111 \paperpagestyle default
113 \tracking_changes true
114 \output_changes false
117 \html_be_strict false
118 \author -712698321 "Jürgen Spitzmüller"
124 Writing linguistic papers with \SpecialChar LyX
130 \begin_inset Newline newline
134 \begin_inset CommandInset href
136 target "spitz@lyx.org"
149 \begin_layout Abstract
150 This paper describes some features that \SpecialChar LyX
151 provides to linguists.
152 It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
154 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649291
157 glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, structure trees, and phonetic symbols
161 \begin_layout Section
163 \change_deleted -712698321 1559649283
165 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649283
171 \begin_layout Standard
172 Basically, this paper describes the features of the
173 \begin_inset Quotes eld
177 \begin_inset Quotes erd
180 module that ships with \SpecialChar LyX
183 \begin_inset Quotes eld
187 \begin_inset Quotes erd
190 are support files (introduced with \SpecialChar LyX
191 1.6.0) that can easily be selected for
193 In order to use the Linguistics module, go to
195 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
196 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
200 \begin_inset Quotes eld
204 \begin_inset Quotes erd
207 from the list of available modules, and hit the
211 button to select it for your document (as already done for this document).
214 \begin_layout Standard
215 You should be able to use the module with any document class (please inform
217 However, in order to use all the features, you need to have the following
222 \begin_layout Enumerate
228 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
235 : This is the base package used for numbered examples
236 \change_inserted -712698321 1561270568
240 \change_deleted -712698321 1561270570
244 \change_inserted -712698321 1561270580
249 \change_inserted -712698321 1561204748
250 Note that at least version 2.3 of the covington package is required to use
257 \begin_layout Itemize
258 Installed on your system:
268 \begin_layout Enumerate
270 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635693
276 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
283 : This package is used for the Subexamples style.
284 It is generally useful to alter the appearance of lists (such as
300 \begin_layout Itemize
302 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635693
303 Installed on your system:
315 \begin_layout Enumerate
321 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
333 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635744
337 The package provides context sensitive quotation marks, depending on the
342 \begin_layout Itemize
343 Installed on your system:
353 \begin_layout Enumerate
359 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
366 : Needed for the OT tableaux floats and list of floats.
367 This package should be part of any \SpecialChar LaTeX
372 \begin_layout Itemize
373 Installed on your system:
383 \begin_layout Enumerate
389 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
396 : This package is used to generate structure trees.
400 \begin_layout Itemize
401 Installed on your system:
411 \begin_layout Section
413 \change_deleted -712698321 1559649278
415 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649278
421 \begin_layout Standard
422 Numbered examples are inserted via the layout drop-down box in the toolbar.
423 There are three variants:
426 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
427 This is a multiline example [Style
429 Numbered Example (multiline)
434 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
435 it can have several paragraphs
438 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
439 This is a single example
440 \begin_inset CommandInset label
442 name "exa:single-example"
448 Numbered Example (consecutive)
453 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
454 Consecutive single examples get their own numbers
457 \begin_layout Subexample
459 \begin_inset CommandInset label
461 name "subsec:subexample"
472 \begin_layout Subexample
476 \begin_layout Standard
477 References to examples are produced as usual: insert a label to the example
478 and a cross-reference via
480 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
484 We refer here, just for the sake of demonstrating this, to
485 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
487 reference "exa:single-example"
492 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
494 reference "subsec:subexample"
501 \begin_layout Standard
502 If you want to modify the numbering of an individual example, you can use
505 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
507 \change_deleted -712698321 1561204890
514 \change_inserted -712698321 1561205104
515 For global adjustments,
519 provides means for customization.
525 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
537 \begin_layout Standard
539 \change_inserted -712698321 1561205365
544 's subexamples features optional arguments (to insert text between the main
545 number and the first sub-example).
546 These can be inserted via
548 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
552 Please, again, refer to the
557 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
569 \begin_layout Section
571 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649210
577 \begin_layout Standard
578 The Linguistics module provides two kinds of glosses, which can be inserted
581 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
583 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635796
589 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635812
593 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635861
602 provides a gloss that consists of two lines (a gloss pair
603 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635998
604 consisting of the original language representation and and interlinear,
606 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
610 word-to-word translation
613 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636571
615 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636571
619 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635981
623 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635825
627 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635858
637 \change_deleted -712698321 1559648850
638 insets consists of three lines and a translation
639 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648856
640 provides an additional gloss line
643 \change_deleted -712698321 1559648859
645 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648859
648 third line is usually needed to give morphological or phonological information
649 next to the gloss pair).
650 Each translation line might span multiple lines in the output, i.
651 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
654 e., the paragraphs are automatically broken if they exceed the text width.
656 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636240
657 The original language representation (first line in the gloss) is input
658 in the Gloss inset directly, the other information in specific sub-insets
663 or with the 3-line-gloss
665 Interlinear Gloss (Line 1)
669 Interlinear Gloss (Line 2)
677 automatically inserts these sub-insets if you insert a new gloss.
681 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636247
685 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636252
687 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636256
691 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636649
696 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
698 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635897
702 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636277
707 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
713 It does not matter where you insert the
714 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636292
716 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636298
720 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636300
722 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636302
726 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636305
728 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636308
733 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636755
734 Finally, you can also insert gloss options via
736 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
740 These options let you customize the line appearance, add example numbers
747 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
758 \begin_layout Plain Layout
760 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636976
761 Note that the gloss support has been completely rewritten for \SpecialChar LyX
763 It now uses the new and enhanced
768 Due to the major changes, old glosses cannot be converted to the new style.
769 Instead, the old insets are imported (and saved in the document as a
774 Likewise, new gloss insets are converted to \SpecialChar TeX
775 code if you export to a previous
789 \begin_layout Standard
790 Here is a simple example for a
791 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636502
797 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636506
803 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637042
807 \begin_layout Standard
809 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637046
810 \begin_inset Flex Interlinear Gloss (2 Lines)
813 \begin_layout Plain Layout
815 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637057
816 C'est un exemple simple
819 \begin_layout Plain Layout
821 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637046
822 \begin_inset Argument post:1
825 \begin_layout Plain Layout
827 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637065
828 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
831 \begin_layout Plain Layout
833 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637065
849 \begin_layout Plain Layout
851 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637046
852 \begin_inset Argument post:2
855 \begin_layout Plain Layout
857 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637069
858 This is a simple example
877 \begin_layout Standard
879 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637072
880 \begin_inset Flex Glosse
883 \begin_layout Plain Layout
884 C'est un exemple simple
887 \begin_layout Plain Layout
888 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
891 \begin_layout Plain Layout
900 \begin_layout Plain Layout
901 \begin_inset Argument 1
904 \begin_layout Plain Layout
905 \begin_inset Quotes els
908 This is a simple example
909 \begin_inset Quotes ers
927 \begin_layout Standard
931 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
932 Text Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
935 in order to hold together multi-word expressions (or alternatively just
936 put braces in TeX mode
940 \begin_layout Plain Layout
951 \begin_layout Plain Layout
959 Note that you can enter multiple spaces to align the glosses in the \SpecialChar LyX
961 area; this will not affect the output.
964 \begin_layout Standard
965 Here is a three-line gloss
966 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637102
974 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649192
978 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637107
982 \begin_layout Standard
984 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637110
985 \begin_inset Flex Interlinear Gloss (3 Lines)
988 \begin_layout Plain Layout
990 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648912
991 Hoc est aliud exemplum
994 \begin_layout Plain Layout
996 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637110
997 \begin_inset Argument post:1
1000 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1002 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648946
1003 n.sg.nom 3sg n.sg.nom n.sg.nom
1013 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1015 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637111
1016 \begin_inset Argument post:2
1019 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1021 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648933
1022 This is another example
1032 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1034 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649011
1035 \begin_inset Argument post:3
1038 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1040 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648952
1041 This is another example
1049 \begin_inset Argument 1
1052 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1054 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649033
1058 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1060 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649033
1092 \begin_layout Standard
1094 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637137
1095 \begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
1098 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1099 C'est un exemple simple
1102 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1103 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1106 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1112 ein Beispiel einfach
1115 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1116 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1119 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1128 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1129 \begin_inset Argument 1
1132 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1133 \begin_inset Quotes els
1136 This is a simple example
1137 \begin_inset Quotes ers
1155 \begin_layout Standard
1158 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649169
1159 Note how we have used the gloss options here to make the second line be
1160 typeset in small caps.
1163 \begin_layout Standard
1165 If you want to have numbered glosses,
1166 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649116
1168 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637165
1171 insert the gloss inset to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
1174 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
1176 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637185
1177 \begin_inset Flex Interlinear Gloss (3 Lines)
1180 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1182 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637191
1183 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
1186 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1188 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637185
1189 \begin_inset Argument post:1
1192 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1194 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637197
1195 My skeertuig is vol palings
1205 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1207 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637185
1208 \begin_inset Argument post:2
1211 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1213 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637201
1215 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1218 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1220 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637201
1236 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1238 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637185
1239 \begin_inset Argument post:3
1242 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1244 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637206
1245 Do you have matches?
1260 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637208
1262 \begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
1265 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1266 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
1269 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1270 My skeertuig is vol palings
1273 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1275 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1278 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1287 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1288 \begin_inset Argument 1
1291 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1292 \begin_inset Quotes els
1295 Do you have matches?
1296 \begin_inset Quotes ers
1310 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637228
1314 \begin_layout Standard
1316 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1324 \begin_layout Standard
1326 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1327 \begin_inset Flex Interlinear Gloss (3 Lines)
1330 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1332 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637251
1333 \begin_inset Argument 1
1336 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1338 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637252
1349 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1351 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1352 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
1355 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1357 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1358 \begin_inset Argument post:1
1361 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1363 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1364 My skeertuig is vol palings
1372 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1374 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1375 \begin_inset Argument post:2
1378 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1380 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1382 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1385 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1387 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1401 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1403 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1404 \begin_inset Argument post:3
1407 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1409 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1410 Do you have matches?
1425 \begin_layout Subsection*
1429 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
1430 Avoiding Page Breaks within Glosses
1433 \begin_layout Standard
1435 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637546
1437 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637546
1439 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637547
1442 age breaks might occur within glosses, which is not desirable.
1444 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637701
1445 You can avoid most of them by entering
1451 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
1452 Settings\SpecialChar ldots
1453 \SpecialChar menuseparator
1454 Document Class\SpecialChar menuseparator
1455 Class Options\SpecialChar menuseparator
1459 If page breaks still occur, you can
1460 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637705
1464 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637709
1468 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637710
1472 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637714
1476 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637716
1481 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
1482 Box\SpecialChar menuseparator
1487 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637727
1488 If you want to automate this for all glosses, you can copy the following
1491 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
1492 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
1500 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637727
1501 \begin_inset listings
1502 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
1506 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1508 % Do not break pages at two-line glosses
1511 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1518 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1522 renewenvironment{linggloss}[2][]{%
1525 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1536 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1545 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1558 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1570 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637727
1571 \begin_inset listings
1572 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
1576 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1578 % Do not break pages at three-line glosses
1581 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1588 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1592 renewenvironment{lingglosss}[2][]{%
1595 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1606 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1615 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1628 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1638 \begin_layout Standard
1640 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637727
1641 You might have to adapt the minipage width (
1647 in the example code) to fit the glosses to your actual page width.
1652 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
1653 Footnotes in Glosses
1656 \begin_layout Standard
1657 Although you can insert a footnote in a
1661 inset, LaTeX compilation will not succeed.
1662 If you need footnotes, put
1668 in TeX mode in the glosse at the point where the footnote number should
1673 footnotetext{Actual footnote ...}
1675 , also in TeX mode, right behind the
1678 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637777
1684 If you need several footnotes, just insert multiple of these constructs.
1687 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
1688 Using Glosses (and Examples) in a Beamer Presentation
1691 \begin_layout Standard
1692 If you use the linguistics module with
1696 presentations, there are some caveats:
1699 \begin_layout Itemize
1700 If you want to use glosses in
1704 , you need to put it in a
1705 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1709 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1716 \begin_layout Itemize
1717 Older versions of the
1721 package (before version 1.1) do not play with the
1725 class out of the box, since both
1733 try to define the commands
1746 In these older versions of
1750 , this results in a \SpecialChar LaTeX
1752 You can work around this problem by inserting the following code in
1754 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
1755 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
1763 \begin_inset listings
1764 lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily},tabsize=4"
1768 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1770 Provides covington 1
1773 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1778 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1789 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1800 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1811 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1822 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1826 usepackage{covington}
1829 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1839 \begin_layout Standard
1841 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1845 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1849 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1853 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1857 This effectively defuncts
1861 example(s) environment in favor of
1866 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1888 \begin_layout Standard
1894 , this problem is solved.
1899 \begin_layout Section
1900 Optimality Theory Tableaux
1903 \begin_layout Standard
1904 OT tableaux itself can of course simply be inserted as ordinary tables (for
1905 specific features such as dashed lines and shaded cells, cf.
1911 However, you might want to have the tableaux numbered throughout the document,
1912 and you might want to have a
1924 \begin_layout Standard
1925 The Linguistics module provides support for both.
1928 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
1931 , you will find a Tableaux float:
1934 \begin_layout Standard
1935 \begin_inset Float tableau
1942 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1944 \begin_inset Tabular
1945 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
1946 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
1947 <column alignment="right" valignment="top">
1948 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
1949 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
1950 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" special="|c">
1951 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
1953 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1956 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1962 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1965 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1973 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
1976 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1984 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1987 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1995 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1998 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2008 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2011 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2012 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{☞}$
2016 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
2024 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2027 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2033 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
2036 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2042 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2045 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2051 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2054 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2062 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2065 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2071 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2074 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2080 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
2083 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2089 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2092 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2098 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2101 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2109 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2112 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2113 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
2121 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2124 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2130 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
2133 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2139 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2142 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2148 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2151 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2159 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2162 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2168 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2171 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2177 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
2180 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2186 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2189 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2195 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2198 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2212 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2213 \begin_inset Caption Standard
2215 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2229 \begin_layout Standard
2230 Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
2231 the output, no matter where you put it in the \SpecialChar LyX
2233 To get the Tableau captions on top, put the following code in
2235 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
2236 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
2243 \begin_inset listings
2244 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
2248 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2252 floatstyle{plaintop}
2255 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2259 restylefloat{tableau}
2267 \begin_layout Standard
2268 If you use a KOMA class, use the following code instead:
2272 \begin_inset listings
2273 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
2277 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2281 floatstyle{komaabove}
2284 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2288 restylefloat{tableau}
2296 \begin_layout Standard
2297 A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
2299 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2306 \begin_layout Standard
2307 \begin_inset FloatList tableau
2314 \begin_layout Section
2315 Semantic Markup (Character Styles)
2318 \begin_layout Standard
2319 The Linguistics module comes with some character styles that are common
2323 \begin_layout Enumerate
2324 Concept (in small caps):
2325 \begin_inset Flex Concepts
2328 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2337 \begin_layout Enumerate
2338 Expression (emphasized):
2339 \begin_inset Flex Expression
2342 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2351 \begin_layout Enumerate
2352 Meaning (in single quotes):
2353 \begin_inset Flex Meaning
2356 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2365 \begin_layout Standard
2366 You can insert the character styles via the
2368 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
2372 If you need to change the appearance of these styles later, you can redefine
2373 them in the preamble.
2374 To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
2378 \begin_inset listings
2379 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
2383 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2390 \change_deleted -712698321 1561270831
2394 \change_deleted -712698321 1561270833
2407 \begin_layout Standard
2408 Similarly, concept (
2413 \change_deleted -712698321 1561270840
2417 \change_deleted -712698321 1561270844
2427 \change_deleted -712698321 1561270846
2431 \change_deleted -712698321 1561270848
2438 \change_inserted -712698321 1561270898
2444 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
2456 \begin_layout Section
2457 Linguistic structure trees
2460 \begin_layout Standard
2461 Meanwhile, many \SpecialChar LaTeX
2462 are available which help producing structure trees.
2468 package, which combines high flexibility and power with a comfortable input
2470 The Linguistics module provides a Structure Tree inset, which can be inserted
2473 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2477 Within this inset, you can insert the bracket notation used by
2481 (and also by other similar packages such as
2488 \begin_layout Standard
2489 Here is a simple example:
2492 \begin_layout Standard
2493 \begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
2496 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2497 [VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[D[a]][NP[letter]]] ] ]
2505 \begin_layout Standard
2507 If you view the PDF output, you will see that the input
2514 [VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[D[a]][NP[letter]]]]]
2517 \begin_layout Standard
2518 expands to a real structure tree.
2519 To view the result within the \SpecialChar LyX
2520 work area, you can simply embed the Structure
2521 Tree inset into a Preview inset (
2523 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2527 If instant preview is correctly installed and activated, you should see
2528 the tree immediately (just click on the image in order to edit):
2531 \begin_layout Standard
2532 \begin_inset Preview
2534 \begin_layout Standard
2535 \begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
2538 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2539 [VP [DP[Mary]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[John]] [DP[D[a]][NP[response]]] ] ]
2552 \begin_layout Standard
2554 Roofs can be easily generated by means of the
2555 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2559 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2566 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2569 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2573 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2576 option only exists as of
2581 We have added some code to the preamble of this manual to support previous
2587 version < 2.0, you either need to copy this code to your preamble or use
2589 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2593 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2597 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2601 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2609 (note that the comma has special meaning, as it marks options):
2612 \begin_layout Standard
2613 \begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
2616 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2617 [VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[another letter, roof]] ] ]
2625 \begin_layout Standard
2627 In order to align nodes of the tree more elegantly, use the
2628 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2632 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2636 All nodes which have the same
2637 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2641 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2644 allocated get aligned.
2648 \begin_layout Standard
2649 \begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
2652 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2653 [VP [DP[John,tier=word]] [V' [V[sent,tier=word]] [DP[Mary,tier=word]] [DP[D[a,ti
2654 er=word]][NP[letter,tier=word]]] ] ]
2662 \begin_layout Standard
2664 The package supports many additional features, such as movement arrows and
2665 decorations, that cannot documented here (please refer to the detailed
2666 package documentation
2667 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
2677 \begin_layout Section
2678 Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
2681 \begin_layout Standard
2682 You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
2683 is a base functionality of \SpecialChar LyX
2685 However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
2686 (briefly) in this manual nevertheless.
2689 \begin_layout Standard
2690 If you use traditional \SpecialChar LaTeX
2691 or PDF\SpecialChar LaTeX
2692 , a prerequisite to use \SpecialChar LyX
2694 the \SpecialChar LaTeX
2700 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
2707 , which is automatically loaded by \SpecialChar LyX
2708 if you follow the procedure described
2710 If you use Unicode fonts (i.
2711 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
2714 e., if you have clicked
2715 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2718 Use non-\SpecialChar TeX
2720 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2725 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
2726 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
2733 is loaded instead (since
2737 does not work in this context).
2742 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2743 See also https://github.com/wspr/fontspec/issues/280 and the discussion in
2744 docutils-devel (https://www.mail-archive.com/search?l=mid&q=1487664738.2405.6.camel%
2754 package emulates the
2758 output, but is not perfect at that, so some things might not look as expected.
2759 Furthermore, you need to take care in this case to use a font that includes
2760 the IPA glyphs (such as
2769 You can also specify an extra font only for IPA by adding the following
2772 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
2773 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
2779 \begin_layout Standard
2780 \begin_inset listings
2781 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
2785 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2792 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2798 ipafont}{CMU Serif}% or another font
2801 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2812 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2819 Additionally, and independent from which of the above approaches you use,
2820 if you want to have instant preview, you should have the
2825 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
2835 \begin_layout Standard
2836 The recommended way to insert phonetic symbols is via
2838 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2839 Special characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
2843 This gives you an input box (
2844 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2848 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2852 speak), where you can insert the symbols.
2853 Note that this box can be used both for the insertion of small snippets
2854 (inline) and multiple paragraphs of phonetic notation.
2855 While the cursor is inside the box, a toolbar opens, which provides the
2856 basic set of phonetic symbols (sorted by the IPA categories).
2860 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2861 Currently, there is one symbol missing: the labiodental flap (added to the
2863 This symbol is not yet supported by the
2867 package and thus cannot be supported by LyX.
2872 Each of the toolbar's panels can be torn off the bar by clicking on the
2873 dashed line on its top.
2874 This way, you can insert most symbols quite comfortably:
2877 \begin_layout Standard
2879 \begin_inset IPADeco bottomtiebar
2882 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2897 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2898 Note that, if you want to insert diacritics, the diacritics are inserted
2907 \begin_layout Standard
2921 subring diacritic from the toolbar immediately after the
2926 If you need a diacritic alone, you can achieve this by inserting a blank
2927 and then the diacritic, as in
2930 \begin_layout Standard
2939 \begin_inset space ~
2942 <space>+<Linguolabial from the IPA toolbar>
2953 is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
2955 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
2956 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
2958 \begin_inset space ~
2962 \begin_inset space ~
2965 Feel\SpecialChar menuseparator
2968 ), you'll get a nice WYSIWYG preview as soon as the cursor leaves the box.
2969 Alternatively to the toolbar, you can also insert the symbols directly
2970 via the shortcut notation which is described in the
2977 \begin_layout Standard
3004 Furthermore, you can insert symbols via
3006 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
3007 Special characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
3008 Symbols\SpecialChar ldots
3011 (which might be useful for symbols that are not yet covered by the toolbar),
3012 or you can simply paste unicode-encoded text (e.
3013 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
3016 g., from other applications) into the box.
3017 The output should be equal, no matter what input method you chose.
3020 \begin_layout Standard
3021 Note that you can also insert or paste most IPA glyphs outside the specific
3022 IPA input box: [əz ʃəʊn hɪə].
3023 In the output, they will be automatically transformed into the correct
3028 macro (if not, please inform us).
3029 However, please note that this method produces inferior output quality,
3030 since it will most likely result in a mix of fonts (the latin characters
3031 are taken from the base document font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font).
3032 Within the IPA input box, on the other hand, the IPA font is used for all
3034 So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, using the IPA
3035 input box is highly recommended.
3038 \begin_layout Section
3042 \begin_layout Standard
3043 For a detailed description of specific possibilities for linguists, please
3044 refer to the Linguist\SpecialChar LyX
3045 page on the \SpecialChar LyX
3047 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
3054 (feel free to enter your own hints there).
3057 \begin_layout Bibliography
3058 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3059 LatexCommand bibitem
3065 The covington package:
3066 \begin_inset Flex URL
3069 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3071 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/covington/
3079 \begin_layout Bibliography
3080 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3081 LatexCommand bibitem
3087 The csquotes package:
3088 \begin_inset Flex URL
3091 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3093 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/csquotes/
3101 \begin_layout Bibliography
3102 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3103 LatexCommand bibitem
3109 The enumitem package:
3110 \begin_inset Flex URL
3113 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3115 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/
3123 \begin_layout Bibliography
3124 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3125 LatexCommand bibitem
3132 \begin_inset Flex URL
3135 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3137 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/float/
3145 \begin_layout Bibliography
3146 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3147 LatexCommand bibitem
3154 \begin_inset Flex URL
3157 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3159 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/graphics/pgf/contrib/forest
3167 \begin_layout Bibliography
3168 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3169 LatexCommand bibitem
3175 Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using \SpecialChar LyX
3179 \begin_inset Flex URL
3182 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3184 https://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX
3192 \begin_layout Bibliography
3193 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3194 LatexCommand bibitem
3200 The preview-latex package:
3201 \begin_inset Flex URL
3204 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3206 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/preview/
3214 \begin_layout Bibliography
3215 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3216 LatexCommand bibitem
3222 The tipa package and fonts:
3223 \begin_inset Flex URL
3226 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3228 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/