1 #LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
5 \save_transient_properties true
6 \origin /systemlyxdir/examples/Modules/
9 %% Uncomment the following for Tableaux captions on top:
10 %\floatstyle{plaintop}
11 %\restylefloat{tableau}
13 % Backwards compatibility for forest 1.x
14 % If you use forest 2.0.1 or later, you can delete this
15 \@ifpackageloaded{forest}{%
16 \@ifpackagelater{forest}{2016/02/20}{}{%
18 roof/.style={edge path={\noexpand\path[\forestoption{edge}]%
19 (.north west)--(!u.south)--(.north east)--cycle
20 \forestoption{edge label};
24 for tree={parent anchor=south, child anchor=north},
26 linguistics preamble/.style={sn edges, baseline, for tree={align=center}}
29 \forestOpreto{\forest@root}{given options}{linguistics preamble,}%
34 \use_default_options false
38 \maintain_unincluded_children false
40 \language_package default
43 \font_roman "lmodern" "FreeSerif"
44 \font_sans "default" "FreeSans"
45 \font_typewriter "default" "FreeMono"
46 \font_math "auto" "auto"
47 \font_default_family default
48 \use_non_tex_fonts false
51 \font_sf_scale 100 100
52 \font_tt_scale 100 100
54 \use_dash_ligatures false
56 \default_output_format default
58 \bibtex_command default
59 \index_command default
60 \float_placement class
61 \float_alignment class
62 \paperfontsize default
66 \pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
67 \pdf_bookmarksopen false
68 \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
76 \use_package amsmath 1
77 \use_package amssymb 1
80 \use_package mathdots 1
81 \use_package mathtools 1
83 \use_package stackrel 1
84 \use_package stmaryrd 1
85 \use_package undertilde 1
87 \cite_engine_type default
91 \paperorientation portrait
103 \paragraph_separation indent
104 \paragraph_indentation default
106 \math_numbering_side default
107 \quotes_style english
111 \paperpagestyle default
113 \tracking_changes true
114 \output_changes false
117 \html_be_strict false
118 \author -712698321 "Jürgen Spitzmüller"
124 Writing linguistic papers with \SpecialChar LyX
130 \begin_inset Newline newline
134 \begin_inset CommandInset href
136 target "spitz@lyx.org"
149 \begin_layout Abstract
150 This paper describes some features that \SpecialChar LyX
151 provides to linguists.
152 It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
154 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649291
157 glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, structure trees, and phonetic symbols
161 \begin_layout Section
163 \change_deleted -712698321 1559649283
165 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649283
171 \begin_layout Standard
172 Basically, this paper describes the features of the
173 \begin_inset Quotes eld
177 \begin_inset Quotes erd
180 module that ships with \SpecialChar LyX
183 \begin_inset Quotes eld
187 \begin_inset Quotes erd
190 are support files (introduced with \SpecialChar LyX
191 1.6.0) that can easily be selected for
193 In order to use the Linguistics module, go to
195 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
196 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
200 \begin_inset Quotes eld
204 \begin_inset Quotes erd
207 from the list of available modules, and hit the
211 button to select it for your document (as already done for this document).
214 \begin_layout Standard
215 You should be able to use the module with any document class (please inform
217 However, in order to use all the features, you need to have the following
222 \begin_layout Enumerate
228 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
235 : This is the base package used for numbered examples and glosses.
237 \change_inserted -712698321 1561204748
238 Note that at least version 2.3 of the covington package is required to use
245 \begin_layout Itemize
246 Installed on your system:
256 \begin_layout Enumerate
258 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635693
264 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
271 : This package is used for the Subexamples style.
272 It is generally useful to alter the appearance of lists (such as
288 \begin_layout Itemize
290 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635693
291 Installed on your system:
303 \begin_layout Enumerate
309 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
321 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635744
325 The package provides context sensitive quotation marks, depending on the
330 \begin_layout Itemize
331 Installed on your system:
341 \begin_layout Enumerate
347 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
354 : Needed for the OT tableaux floats and list of floats.
355 This package should be part of any \SpecialChar LaTeX
360 \begin_layout Itemize
361 Installed on your system:
371 \begin_layout Enumerate
377 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
384 : This package is used to generate structure trees.
388 \begin_layout Itemize
389 Installed on your system:
399 \begin_layout Section
401 \change_deleted -712698321 1559649278
403 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649278
409 \begin_layout Standard
410 Numbered examples are inserted via the layout drop-down box in the toolbar.
411 There are three variants:
414 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
415 This is a multiline example [Style
417 Numbered Example (multiline)
422 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
423 it can have several paragraphs
426 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
427 This is a single example
428 \begin_inset CommandInset label
430 name "exa:single-example"
436 Numbered Example (consecutive)
441 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
442 Consecutive single examples get their own numbers
445 \begin_layout Subexample
447 \begin_inset CommandInset label
449 name "subsec:subexample"
460 \begin_layout Subexample
464 \begin_layout Standard
465 References to examples are produced as usual: insert a label to the example
466 and a cross-reference via
468 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
472 We refer here, just for the sake of demonstrating this, to
473 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
475 reference "exa:single-example"
480 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
482 reference "subsec:subexample"
489 \begin_layout Standard
490 If you want to modify the numbering of an individual example, you can use
493 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
495 \change_deleted -712698321 1561204890
502 \change_inserted -712698321 1561205104
503 For global adjustments,
507 provides means for customization.
513 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
525 \begin_layout Standard
527 \change_inserted -712698321 1561205365
532 's subexamples features optional arguments (to insert text between the main
533 number and the first sub-example).
534 These can be inserted via
536 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
540 Please, again, refer to the
545 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
557 \begin_layout Section
559 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649210
565 \begin_layout Standard
566 The Linguistics module provides two kinds of glosses, which can be inserted
569 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
571 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635796
577 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635812
581 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635861
590 provides a gloss that consists of two lines (a gloss pair
591 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635998
592 consisting of the original language representation and and interlinear,
594 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
598 word-to-word translation
601 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636571
603 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636571
607 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635981
611 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635825
615 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635858
625 \change_deleted -712698321 1559648850
626 insets consists of three lines and a translation
627 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648856
628 provides an additional gloss line
631 \change_deleted -712698321 1559648859
633 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648859
636 third line is usually needed to give morphological or phonological information
637 next to the gloss pair).
638 Each translation line might span multiple lines in the output, i.
639 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
642 e., the paragraphs are automatically broken if they exceed the text width.
644 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636240
645 The original language representation (first line in the gloss) is input
646 in the Gloss inset directly, the other information in specific sub-insets
651 or with the 3-line-gloss
653 Interlinear Gloss (Line 1)
657 Interlinear Gloss (Line 2)
665 automatically inserts these sub-insets if you insert a new gloss.
669 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636247
673 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636252
675 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636256
679 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636649
684 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
686 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635897
690 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636277
695 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
701 It does not matter where you insert the
702 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636292
704 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636298
708 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636300
710 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636302
714 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636305
716 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636308
721 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636755
722 Finally, you can also insert gloss options via
724 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
728 These options let you customize the line appearance, add example numbers
735 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
746 \begin_layout Plain Layout
748 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636976
749 Note that the gloss support has been completely rewritten for \SpecialChar LyX
751 It now uses the new and enhanced
756 Due to the major changes, old glosses cannot be converted to the new style.
757 Instead, the old insets are imported (and saved in the document as a
762 Likewise, new gloss insets are converted to \SpecialChar TeX
763 code if you export to a previous
777 \begin_layout Standard
778 Here is a simple example for a
779 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636502
785 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636506
791 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637042
795 \begin_layout Standard
797 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637046
798 \begin_inset Flex Interlinear Gloss (2 Lines)
801 \begin_layout Plain Layout
803 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637057
804 C'est un exemple simple
807 \begin_layout Plain Layout
809 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637046
810 \begin_inset Argument post:1
813 \begin_layout Plain Layout
815 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637065
816 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
819 \begin_layout Plain Layout
821 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637065
837 \begin_layout Plain Layout
839 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637046
840 \begin_inset Argument post:2
843 \begin_layout Plain Layout
845 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637069
846 This is a simple example
865 \begin_layout Standard
867 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637072
868 \begin_inset Flex Glosse
871 \begin_layout Plain Layout
872 C'est un exemple simple
875 \begin_layout Plain Layout
876 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
879 \begin_layout Plain Layout
888 \begin_layout Plain Layout
889 \begin_inset Argument 1
892 \begin_layout Plain Layout
893 \begin_inset Quotes els
896 This is a simple example
897 \begin_inset Quotes ers
915 \begin_layout Standard
919 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
920 Text Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
923 in order to hold together multi-word expressions (or alternatively just
924 put braces in TeX mode
928 \begin_layout Plain Layout
939 \begin_layout Plain Layout
947 Note that you can enter multiple spaces to align the glosses in the \SpecialChar LyX
949 area; this will not affect the output.
952 \begin_layout Standard
953 Here is a three-line gloss
954 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637102
962 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649192
966 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637107
970 \begin_layout Standard
972 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637110
973 \begin_inset Flex Interlinear Gloss (3 Lines)
976 \begin_layout Plain Layout
978 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648912
979 Hoc est aliud exemplum
982 \begin_layout Plain Layout
984 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637110
985 \begin_inset Argument post:1
988 \begin_layout Plain Layout
990 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648946
991 n.sg.nom 3sg n.sg.nom n.sg.nom
1001 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1003 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637111
1004 \begin_inset Argument post:2
1007 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1009 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648933
1010 This is another example
1020 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1022 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649011
1023 \begin_inset Argument post:3
1026 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1028 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648952
1029 This is another example
1037 \begin_inset Argument 1
1040 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1042 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649033
1046 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1048 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649033
1080 \begin_layout Standard
1082 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637137
1083 \begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
1086 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1087 C'est un exemple simple
1090 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1091 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1094 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1100 ein Beispiel einfach
1103 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1104 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1107 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1116 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1117 \begin_inset Argument 1
1120 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1121 \begin_inset Quotes els
1124 This is a simple example
1125 \begin_inset Quotes ers
1143 \begin_layout Standard
1146 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649169
1147 Note how we have used the gloss options here to make the second line be
1148 typeset in small caps.
1151 \begin_layout Standard
1153 If you want to have numbered glosses,
1154 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649116
1156 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637165
1159 insert the gloss inset to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
1162 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
1164 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637185
1165 \begin_inset Flex Interlinear Gloss (3 Lines)
1168 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1170 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637191
1171 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
1174 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1176 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637185
1177 \begin_inset Argument post:1
1180 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1182 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637197
1183 My skeertuig is vol palings
1193 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1195 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637185
1196 \begin_inset Argument post:2
1199 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1201 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637201
1203 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1206 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1208 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637201
1224 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1226 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637185
1227 \begin_inset Argument post:3
1230 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1232 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637206
1233 Do you have matches?
1248 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637208
1250 \begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
1253 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1254 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
1257 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1258 My skeertuig is vol palings
1261 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1263 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1266 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1275 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1276 \begin_inset Argument 1
1279 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1280 \begin_inset Quotes els
1283 Do you have matches?
1284 \begin_inset Quotes ers
1298 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637228
1302 \begin_layout Standard
1304 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1312 \begin_layout Standard
1314 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1315 \begin_inset Flex Interlinear Gloss (3 Lines)
1318 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1320 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637251
1321 \begin_inset Argument 1
1324 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1326 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637252
1337 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1339 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1340 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
1343 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1345 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1346 \begin_inset Argument post:1
1349 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1351 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1352 My skeertuig is vol palings
1360 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1362 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1363 \begin_inset Argument post:2
1366 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1368 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1370 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1373 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1375 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1389 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1391 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1392 \begin_inset Argument post:3
1395 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1397 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1398 Do you have matches?
1413 \begin_layout Subsection*
1417 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
1418 Avoiding Page Breaks within Glosses
1421 \begin_layout Standard
1423 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637546
1425 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637546
1427 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637547
1430 age breaks might occur within glosses, which is not desirable.
1432 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637701
1433 You can avoid most of them by entering
1439 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
1440 Settings\SpecialChar ldots
1441 \SpecialChar menuseparator
1442 Document Class\SpecialChar menuseparator
1443 Class Options\SpecialChar menuseparator
1447 If page breaks still occur, you can
1448 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637705
1452 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637709
1456 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637710
1460 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637714
1464 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637716
1469 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
1470 Box\SpecialChar menuseparator
1475 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637727
1476 If you want to automate this for all glosses, you can copy the following
1479 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
1480 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
1488 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637727
1489 \begin_inset listings
1490 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
1494 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1496 % Do not break pages at two-line glosses
1499 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1506 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1510 renewenvironment{linggloss}[2][]{%
1513 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1524 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1533 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1546 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1558 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637727
1559 \begin_inset listings
1560 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
1564 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1566 % Do not break pages at three-line glosses
1569 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1576 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1580 renewenvironment{lingglosss}[2][]{%
1583 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1594 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1603 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1616 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1626 \begin_layout Standard
1628 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637727
1629 You might have to adapt the minipage width (
1635 in the example code) to fit the glosses to your actual page width.
1640 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
1641 Footnotes in Glosses
1644 \begin_layout Standard
1645 Although you can insert a footnote in a
1649 inset, LaTeX compilation will not succeed.
1650 If you need footnotes, put
1656 in TeX mode in the glosse at the point where the footnote number should
1661 footnotetext{Actual footnote ...}
1663 , also in TeX mode, right behind the
1666 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637777
1672 If you need several footnotes, just insert multiple of these constructs.
1675 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
1676 Using Glosses (and Examples) in a Beamer Presentation
1679 \begin_layout Standard
1680 If you use the linguistics module with
1684 presentations, there are some caveats:
1687 \begin_layout Itemize
1688 If you want to use glosses in
1692 , you need to put it in a
1693 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1697 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1704 \begin_layout Itemize
1705 Older versions of the
1709 package (before version 1.1) do not play with the
1713 class out of the box, since both
1721 try to define the commands
1734 In these older versions of
1738 , this results in a \SpecialChar LaTeX
1740 You can work around this problem by inserting the following code in
1742 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
1743 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
1751 \begin_inset listings
1752 lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily},tabsize=4"
1756 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1758 Provides covington 1
1761 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1766 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1777 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1788 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1799 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1810 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1814 usepackage{covington}
1817 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1827 \begin_layout Standard
1829 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1833 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1837 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1841 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1845 This effectively defuncts
1849 example(s) environment in favor of
1854 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1876 \begin_layout Standard
1882 , this problem is solved.
1887 \begin_layout Section
1888 Optimality Theory Tableaux
1891 \begin_layout Standard
1892 OT tableaux itself can of course simply be inserted as ordinary tables (for
1893 specific features such as dashed lines and shaded cells, cf.
1899 However, you might want to have the tableaux numbered throughout the document,
1900 and you might want to have a
1912 \begin_layout Standard
1913 The Linguistics module provides support for both.
1916 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
1919 , you will find a Tableaux float:
1922 \begin_layout Standard
1923 \begin_inset Float tableau
1930 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1932 \begin_inset Tabular
1933 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
1934 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
1935 <column alignment="right" valignment="top">
1936 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
1937 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
1938 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" special="|c">
1939 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
1941 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1944 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1950 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1953 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1961 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
1964 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1972 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1975 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1983 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1986 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1996 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1999 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2000 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{☞}$
2004 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
2012 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2015 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2021 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
2024 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2030 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2033 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2039 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2042 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2050 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2053 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2059 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2062 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2068 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
2071 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2077 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2080 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2086 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2089 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2097 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2100 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2101 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
2109 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2112 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2118 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
2121 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2127 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2130 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2136 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2139 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2147 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2150 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2156 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2159 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2165 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
2168 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2174 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2177 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2183 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2186 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2200 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2201 \begin_inset Caption Standard
2203 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2217 \begin_layout Standard
2218 Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
2219 the output, no matter where you put it in the \SpecialChar LyX
2221 To get the Tableau captions on top, put the following code in
2223 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
2224 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
2231 \begin_inset listings
2232 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
2236 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2240 floatstyle{plaintop}
2243 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2247 restylefloat{tableau}
2255 \begin_layout Standard
2256 If you use a KOMA class, use the following code instead:
2260 \begin_inset listings
2261 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
2265 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2269 floatstyle{komaabove}
2272 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2276 restylefloat{tableau}
2284 \begin_layout Standard
2285 A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
2287 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2294 \begin_layout Standard
2295 \begin_inset FloatList tableau
2302 \begin_layout Section
2303 Semantic Markup (Character Styles)
2306 \begin_layout Standard
2307 The Linguistics module comes with some character styles that are common
2311 \begin_layout Enumerate
2312 Concept (in small caps):
2313 \begin_inset Flex Concepts
2316 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2325 \begin_layout Enumerate
2326 Expression (emphasized):
2327 \begin_inset Flex Expression
2330 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2339 \begin_layout Enumerate
2340 Meaning (in single quotes):
2341 \begin_inset Flex Meaning
2344 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2353 \begin_layout Standard
2354 You can insert the character styles via the
2356 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
2360 If you need to change the appearance of these styles later, you can redefine
2361 them in the preamble.
2362 To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
2366 \begin_inset listings
2367 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
2371 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2387 \begin_layout Standard
2388 Similarly, concept (
2403 \begin_layout Section
2404 Linguistic structure trees
2407 \begin_layout Standard
2408 Meanwhile, many \SpecialChar LaTeX
2409 are available which help producing structure trees.
2415 package, which combines high flexibility and power with a comfortable input
2417 The Linguistics module provides a Structure Tree inset, which can be inserted
2420 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2424 Within this inset, you can insert the bracket notation used by
2428 (and also by other similar packages such as
2435 \begin_layout Standard
2436 Here is a simple example:
2439 \begin_layout Standard
2440 \begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
2443 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2444 [VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[D[a]][NP[letter]]] ] ]
2452 \begin_layout Standard
2454 If you view the PDF output, you will see that the input
2461 [VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[D[a]][NP[letter]]]]]
2464 \begin_layout Standard
2465 expands to a real structure tree.
2466 To view the result within the \SpecialChar LyX
2467 work area, you can simply embed the Structure
2468 Tree inset into a Preview inset (
2470 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2474 If instant preview is correctly installed and activated, you should see
2475 the tree immediately (just click on the image in order to edit):
2478 \begin_layout Standard
2479 \begin_inset Preview
2481 \begin_layout Standard
2482 \begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
2485 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2486 [VP [DP[Mary]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[John]] [DP[D[a]][NP[response]]] ] ]
2499 \begin_layout Standard
2501 Roofs can be easily generated by means of the
2502 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2506 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2513 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2516 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2520 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2523 option only exists as of
2528 We have added some code to the preamble of this manual to support previous
2534 version < 2.0, you either need to copy this code to your preamble or use
2536 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2540 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2544 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2548 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2556 (note that the comma has special meaning, as it marks options):
2559 \begin_layout Standard
2560 \begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
2563 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2564 [VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[another letter, roof]] ] ]
2572 \begin_layout Standard
2574 In order to align nodes of the tree more elegantly, use the
2575 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2579 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2583 All nodes which have the same
2584 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2588 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2591 allocated get aligned.
2595 \begin_layout Standard
2596 \begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
2599 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2600 [VP [DP[John,tier=word]] [V' [V[sent,tier=word]] [DP[Mary,tier=word]] [DP[D[a,ti
2601 er=word]][NP[letter,tier=word]]] ] ]
2609 \begin_layout Standard
2611 The package supports many additional features, such as movement arrows and
2612 decorations, that cannot documented here (please refer to the detailed
2613 package documentation
2614 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
2624 \begin_layout Section
2625 Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
2628 \begin_layout Standard
2629 You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
2630 is a base functionality of \SpecialChar LyX
2632 However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
2633 (briefly) in this manual nevertheless.
2636 \begin_layout Standard
2637 If you use traditional \SpecialChar LaTeX
2638 or PDF\SpecialChar LaTeX
2639 , a prerequisite to use \SpecialChar LyX
2641 the \SpecialChar LaTeX
2647 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
2654 , which is automatically loaded by \SpecialChar LyX
2655 if you follow the procedure described
2657 If you use Unicode fonts (i.
2658 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
2661 e., if you have clicked
2662 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2665 Use non-\SpecialChar TeX
2667 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2672 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
2673 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
2680 is loaded instead (since
2684 does not work in this context).
2689 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2690 See also https://github.com/wspr/fontspec/issues/280 and the discussion in
2691 docutils-devel (https://www.mail-archive.com/search?l=mid&q=1487664738.2405.6.camel%
2701 package emulates the
2705 output, but is not perfect at that, so some things might not look as expected.
2706 Furthermore, you need to take care in this case to use a font that includes
2707 the IPA glyphs (such as
2716 You can also specify an extra font only for IPA by adding the following
2719 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
2720 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
2726 \begin_layout Standard
2727 \begin_inset listings
2728 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
2732 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2739 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2745 ipafont}{CMU Serif}% or another font
2748 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2759 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2766 Additionally, and independent from which of the above approaches you use,
2767 if you want to have instant preview, you should have the
2772 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
2782 \begin_layout Standard
2783 The recommended way to insert phonetic symbols is via
2785 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2786 Special characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
2790 This gives you an input box (
2791 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2795 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2799 speak), where you can insert the symbols.
2800 Note that this box can be used both for the insertion of small snippets
2801 (inline) and multiple paragraphs of phonetic notation.
2802 While the cursor is inside the box, a toolbar opens, which provides the
2803 basic set of phonetic symbols (sorted by the IPA categories).
2807 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2808 Currently, there is one symbol missing: the labiodental flap (added to the
2810 This symbol is not yet supported by the
2814 package and thus cannot be supported by LyX.
2819 Each of the toolbar's panels can be torn off the bar by clicking on the
2820 dashed line on its top.
2821 This way, you can insert most symbols quite comfortably:
2824 \begin_layout Standard
2826 \begin_inset IPADeco bottomtiebar
2829 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2844 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2845 Note that, if you want to insert diacritics, the diacritics are inserted
2854 \begin_layout Standard
2868 subring diacritic from the toolbar immediately after the
2873 If you need a diacritic alone, you can achieve this by inserting a blank
2874 and then the diacritic, as in
2877 \begin_layout Standard
2886 \begin_inset space ~
2889 <space>+<Linguolabial from the IPA toolbar>
2900 is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
2902 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
2903 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
2905 \begin_inset space ~
2909 \begin_inset space ~
2912 Feel\SpecialChar menuseparator
2915 ), you'll get a nice WYSIWYG preview as soon as the cursor leaves the box.
2916 Alternatively to the toolbar, you can also insert the symbols directly
2917 via the shortcut notation which is described in the
2924 \begin_layout Standard
2951 Furthermore, you can insert symbols via
2953 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2954 Special characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
2955 Symbols\SpecialChar ldots
2958 (which might be useful for symbols that are not yet covered by the toolbar),
2959 or you can simply paste unicode-encoded text (e.
2960 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
2963 g., from other applications) into the box.
2964 The output should be equal, no matter what input method you chose.
2967 \begin_layout Standard
2968 Note that you can also insert or paste most IPA glyphs outside the specific
2969 IPA input box: [əz ʃəʊn hɪə].
2970 In the output, they will be automatically transformed into the correct
2975 macro (if not, please inform us).
2976 However, please note that this method produces inferior output quality,
2977 since it will most likely result in a mix of fonts (the latin characters
2978 are taken from the base document font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font).
2979 Within the IPA input box, on the other hand, the IPA font is used for all
2981 So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, using the IPA
2982 input box is highly recommended.
2985 \begin_layout Section
2989 \begin_layout Standard
2990 For a detailed description of specific possibilities for linguists, please
2991 refer to the Linguist\SpecialChar LyX
2992 page on the \SpecialChar LyX
2994 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
3001 (feel free to enter your own hints there).
3004 \begin_layout Bibliography
3005 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3006 LatexCommand bibitem
3012 The covington package:
3013 \begin_inset Flex URL
3016 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3018 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/covington/
3026 \begin_layout Bibliography
3027 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3028 LatexCommand bibitem
3034 The csquotes package:
3035 \begin_inset Flex URL
3038 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3040 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/csquotes/
3048 \begin_layout Bibliography
3049 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3050 LatexCommand bibitem
3056 The enumitem package:
3057 \begin_inset Flex URL
3060 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3062 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/
3070 \begin_layout Bibliography
3071 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3072 LatexCommand bibitem
3079 \begin_inset Flex URL
3082 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3084 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/float/
3092 \begin_layout Bibliography
3093 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3094 LatexCommand bibitem
3101 \begin_inset Flex URL
3104 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3106 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/graphics/pgf/contrib/forest
3114 \begin_layout Bibliography
3115 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3116 LatexCommand bibitem
3122 Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using \SpecialChar LyX
3126 \begin_inset Flex URL
3129 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3131 https://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX
3139 \begin_layout Bibliography
3140 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3141 LatexCommand bibitem
3147 The preview-latex package:
3148 \begin_inset Flex URL
3151 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3153 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/preview/
3161 \begin_layout Bibliography
3162 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3163 LatexCommand bibitem
3169 The tipa package and fonts:
3170 \begin_inset Flex URL
3173 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3175 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/