1 #LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
5 \save_transient_properties true
6 \origin /systemlyxdir/examples/Modules/
9 %% Uncomment the following for Tableaux captions on top:
10 %\floatstyle{plaintop}
11 %\restylefloat{tableau}
13 % Backwards compatibility for forest 1.x
14 % If you use forest 2.0.1 or later, you can delete this
15 \@ifpackageloaded{forest}{%
16 \@ifpackagelater{forest}{2016/02/20}{}{%
18 roof/.style={edge path={\noexpand\path[\forestoption{edge}]%
19 (.north west)--(!u.south)--(.north east)--cycle
20 \forestoption{edge label};
24 for tree={parent anchor=south, child anchor=north},
26 linguistics preamble/.style={sn edges, baseline, for tree={align=center}}
29 \forestOpreto{\forest@root}{given options}{linguistics preamble,}%
34 \use_default_options false
38 \maintain_unincluded_children false
40 \language_package default
43 \font_roman "lmodern" "FreeSerif"
44 \font_sans "default" "FreeSans"
45 \font_typewriter "default" "FreeMono"
46 \font_math "auto" "auto"
47 \font_default_family default
48 \use_non_tex_fonts false
51 \font_sf_scale 100 100
52 \font_tt_scale 100 100
54 \use_dash_ligatures false
56 \default_output_format default
58 \bibtex_command default
59 \index_command default
60 \float_placement class
61 \float_alignment class
62 \paperfontsize default
66 \pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
67 \pdf_bookmarksopen false
68 \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
76 \use_package amsmath 1
77 \use_package amssymb 1
80 \use_package mathdots 1
81 \use_package mathtools 1
83 \use_package stackrel 1
84 \use_package stmaryrd 1
85 \use_package undertilde 1
87 \cite_engine_type default
91 \paperorientation portrait
103 \paragraph_separation indent
104 \paragraph_indentation default
106 \math_numbering_side default
107 \quotes_style english
111 \paperpagestyle default
113 \tracking_changes true
114 \output_changes false
117 \html_be_strict false
118 \author -712698321 "Jürgen Spitzmüller"
124 Writing linguistic papers with \SpecialChar LyX
130 \begin_inset Newline newline
134 \begin_inset CommandInset href
136 target "spitz@lyx.org"
149 \begin_layout Abstract
150 This paper describes some features that \SpecialChar LyX
151 provides to linguists.
152 It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
154 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649291
157 glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, structure trees, and phonetic symbols
161 \begin_layout Section
163 \change_deleted -712698321 1559649283
165 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649283
171 \begin_layout Standard
172 Basically, this paper describes the features of the
173 \begin_inset Quotes eld
177 \begin_inset Quotes erd
180 module that ships with \SpecialChar LyX
183 \begin_inset Quotes eld
187 \begin_inset Quotes erd
190 are support files (introduced with \SpecialChar LyX
191 1.6.0) that can easily be selected for
193 In order to use the Linguistics module, go to
195 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
196 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
200 \begin_inset Quotes eld
204 \begin_inset Quotes erd
207 from the list of available modules, and hit the
211 button to select it for your document (as already done for this document).
214 \begin_layout Standard
215 You should be able to use the module with any document class (please inform
217 However, in order to use all the features, you need to have the following
222 \begin_layout Enumerate
228 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
235 : This is the base package used for numbered examples and glosses.
237 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635690
238 Note that at least version 2.0 of the covington package is required to use
245 \begin_layout Itemize
246 Installed on your system:
256 \begin_layout Enumerate
258 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635693
264 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
271 : This package is used for the Subexamples style.
272 It is generally useful to alter the appearance of lists (such as
288 \begin_layout Itemize
290 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635693
291 Installed on your system:
303 \begin_layout Enumerate
309 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
321 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635744
325 The package provides context sensitive quotation marks, depending on the
330 \begin_layout Itemize
331 Installed on your system:
341 \begin_layout Enumerate
347 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
354 : Needed for the OT tableaux floats and list of floats.
355 This package should be part of any \SpecialChar LaTeX
360 \begin_layout Itemize
361 Installed on your system:
371 \begin_layout Enumerate
377 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
384 : This package is used to generate structure trees.
388 \begin_layout Itemize
389 Installed on your system:
399 \begin_layout Section
401 \change_deleted -712698321 1559649278
403 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649278
409 \begin_layout Standard
410 Numbered examples are inserted via the layout drop-down box in the toolbar.
411 There are three variants:
414 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
415 This is a multiline example [Style
417 Numbered Example (multiline)
422 \begin_layout Numbered Example (multiline)
423 it can have several paragraphs
426 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
427 This is a single example
428 \begin_inset CommandInset label
430 name "exa:single-example"
436 Numbered Example (consecutive)
441 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
442 Consecutive single examples get their own numbers
445 \begin_layout Subexample
447 \begin_inset CommandInset label
449 name "subsec:subexample"
460 \begin_layout Subexample
464 \begin_layout Standard
465 References to examples are produced as usual: insert a label to the example
466 and a cross-reference via
468 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
472 We refer here, just for the sake of demonstrating this, to
473 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
475 reference "exa:single-example"
480 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
482 reference "subsec:subexample"
489 \begin_layout Standard
490 If you want to modify the numbering of an individual example, you can use
493 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
499 \begin_layout Section
501 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649210
507 \begin_layout Standard
508 The Linguistics module provides two kinds of glosses, which can be inserted
511 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
513 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635796
519 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635812
523 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635861
532 provides a gloss that consists of two lines (a gloss pair
533 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635998
534 consisting of the original language representation and and interlinear,
536 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
540 word-to-word translation
543 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636571
545 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636571
549 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635981
553 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635825
557 \change_inserted -712698321 1559635858
567 \change_deleted -712698321 1559648850
568 insets consists of three lines and a translation
569 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648856
570 provides an additional gloss line
573 \change_deleted -712698321 1559648859
575 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648859
578 third line is usually needed to give morphological or phonological information
579 next to the gloss pair).
580 Each translation line might span multiple lines in the output, i.
581 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
584 e., the paragraphs are automatically broken if they exceed the text width.
586 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636240
587 The original language representation (first line in the gloss) is input
588 in the Gloss inset directly, the other information in specific sub-insets
593 or with the 3-line-gloss
595 Interlinear Gloss (Line 1)
599 Interlinear Gloss (Line 2)
607 automatically inserts these sub-insets if you insert a new gloss.
611 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636247
615 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636252
617 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636256
621 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636649
626 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
628 \change_deleted -712698321 1559635897
632 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636277
637 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
643 It does not matter where you insert the
644 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636292
646 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636298
650 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636300
652 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636302
656 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636305
658 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636308
663 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636755
664 Finally, you can also insert gloss options via
666 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
670 These options let you customize the line appearance, add example numbers
677 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
688 \begin_layout Plain Layout
690 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636976
691 Note that the gloss support has been completely rewritten for \SpecialChar LyX
693 It now uses the new and enhanced
698 Due to the major changes, old glosses cannot be converted to the new style.
699 Instead, the old insets are imported (and saved in the document as a
704 Likewise, new gloss insets are converted to \SpecialChar TeX
705 code if you export to a previous
719 \begin_layout Standard
720 Here is a simple example for a
721 \change_inserted -712698321 1559636502
727 \change_deleted -712698321 1559636506
733 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637042
737 \begin_layout Standard
739 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637046
740 \begin_inset Flex Interlinear Gloss (2 Lines)
743 \begin_layout Plain Layout
745 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637057
746 C'est un exemple simple
749 \begin_layout Plain Layout
751 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637046
752 \begin_inset Argument post:1
755 \begin_layout Plain Layout
757 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637065
758 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
761 \begin_layout Plain Layout
763 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637065
779 \begin_layout Plain Layout
781 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637046
782 \begin_inset Argument post:2
785 \begin_layout Plain Layout
787 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637069
788 This is a simple example
807 \begin_layout Standard
809 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637072
810 \begin_inset Flex Glosse
813 \begin_layout Plain Layout
814 C'est un exemple simple
817 \begin_layout Plain Layout
818 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
821 \begin_layout Plain Layout
830 \begin_layout Plain Layout
831 \begin_inset Argument 1
834 \begin_layout Plain Layout
835 \begin_inset Quotes els
838 This is a simple example
839 \begin_inset Quotes ers
857 \begin_layout Standard
861 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
862 Text Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
865 in order to hold together multi-word expressions (or alternatively just
866 put braces in TeX mode
870 \begin_layout Plain Layout
881 \begin_layout Plain Layout
889 Note that you can enter multiple spaces to align the glosses in the \SpecialChar LyX
891 area; this will not affect the output.
894 \begin_layout Standard
895 Here is a three-line gloss
896 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637102
904 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649192
908 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637107
912 \begin_layout Standard
914 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637110
915 \begin_inset Flex Interlinear Gloss (3 Lines)
918 \begin_layout Plain Layout
920 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648912
921 Hoc est aliud exemplum
924 \begin_layout Plain Layout
926 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637110
927 \begin_inset Argument post:1
930 \begin_layout Plain Layout
932 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648946
933 n.sg.nom 3sg n.sg.nom n.sg.nom
943 \begin_layout Plain Layout
945 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637111
946 \begin_inset Argument post:2
949 \begin_layout Plain Layout
951 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648933
952 This is another example
962 \begin_layout Plain Layout
964 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649011
965 \begin_inset Argument post:3
968 \begin_layout Plain Layout
970 \change_inserted -712698321 1559648952
971 This is another example
979 \begin_inset Argument 1
982 \begin_layout Plain Layout
984 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649033
988 \begin_layout Plain Layout
990 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649033
1022 \begin_layout Standard
1024 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637137
1025 \begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
1028 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1029 C'est un exemple simple
1032 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1033 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1036 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1042 ein Beispiel einfach
1045 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1046 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1049 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1058 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1059 \begin_inset Argument 1
1062 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1063 \begin_inset Quotes els
1066 This is a simple example
1067 \begin_inset Quotes ers
1085 \begin_layout Standard
1088 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649169
1089 Note how we have used the gloss options here to make the second line be
1090 typeset in small caps.
1093 \begin_layout Standard
1095 If you want to have numbered glosses,
1096 \change_inserted -712698321 1559649116
1098 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637165
1101 insert the gloss inset to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
1104 \begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
1106 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637185
1107 \begin_inset Flex Interlinear Gloss (3 Lines)
1110 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1112 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637191
1113 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
1116 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1118 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637185
1119 \begin_inset Argument post:1
1122 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1124 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637197
1125 My skeertuig is vol palings
1135 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1137 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637185
1138 \begin_inset Argument post:2
1141 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1143 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637201
1145 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1148 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1150 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637201
1166 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1168 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637185
1169 \begin_inset Argument post:3
1172 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1174 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637206
1175 Do you have matches?
1190 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637208
1192 \begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
1195 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1196 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
1199 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1200 My skeertuig is vol palings
1203 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1205 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1208 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1217 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1218 \begin_inset Argument 1
1221 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1222 \begin_inset Quotes els
1225 Do you have matches?
1226 \begin_inset Quotes ers
1240 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637228
1244 \begin_layout Standard
1246 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1254 \begin_layout Standard
1256 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1257 \begin_inset Flex Interlinear Gloss (3 Lines)
1260 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1262 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637251
1263 \begin_inset Argument 1
1266 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1268 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637252
1279 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1281 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1282 Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
1285 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1287 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1288 \begin_inset Argument post:1
1291 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1293 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1294 My skeertuig is vol palings
1302 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1304 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1305 \begin_inset Argument post:2
1308 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1310 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1312 \begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
1315 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1317 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1331 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1333 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1334 \begin_inset Argument post:3
1337 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1339 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637243
1340 Do you have matches?
1355 \begin_layout Subsection*
1359 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
1360 Avoiding Page Breaks within Glosses
1363 \begin_layout Standard
1365 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637546
1367 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637546
1369 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637547
1372 age breaks might occur within glosses, which is not desirable.
1374 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637701
1375 You can avoid most of them by entering
1381 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
1382 Settings\SpecialChar ldots
1383 \SpecialChar menuseparator
1384 Document Class\SpecialChar menuseparator
1385 Class Options\SpecialChar menuseparator
1389 If page breaks still occur, you can
1390 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637705
1394 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637709
1398 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637710
1402 \change_inserted -712698321 1559637714
1406 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637716
1411 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
1412 Box\SpecialChar menuseparator
1417 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637727
1418 If you want to automate this for all glosses, you can copy the following
1421 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
1422 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
1430 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637727
1431 \begin_inset listings
1432 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
1436 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1438 % Do not break pages at two-line glosses
1441 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1448 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1452 renewenvironment{linggloss}[2][]{%
1455 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1466 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1475 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1488 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1500 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637727
1501 \begin_inset listings
1502 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
1506 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1508 % Do not break pages at three-line glosses
1511 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1518 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1522 renewenvironment{lingglosss}[2][]{%
1525 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1536 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1545 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1558 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1568 \begin_layout Standard
1570 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637727
1571 You might have to adapt the minipage width (
1577 in the example code) to fit the glosses to your actual page width.
1582 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
1583 Footnotes in Glosses
1586 \begin_layout Standard
1587 Although you can insert a footnote in a
1591 inset, LaTeX compilation will not succeed.
1592 If you need footnotes, put
1598 in TeX mode in the glosse at the point where the footnote number should
1603 footnotetext{Actual footnote ...}
1605 , also in TeX mode, right behind the
1608 \change_deleted -712698321 1559637777
1614 If you need several footnotes, just insert multiple of these constructs.
1617 \begin_layout Subsubsection*
1618 Using Glosses (and Examples) in a Beamer Presentation
1621 \begin_layout Standard
1622 If you use the linguistics module with
1626 presentations, there are some caveats:
1629 \begin_layout Itemize
1630 If you want to use glosses in
1634 , you need to put it in a
1635 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1639 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1646 \begin_layout Itemize
1647 Older versions of the
1651 package (before version 1.1) do not play with the
1655 class out of the box, since both
1663 try to define the commands
1676 In these older versions of
1680 , this results in a \SpecialChar LaTeX
1682 You can work around this problem by inserting the following code in
1684 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
1685 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
1693 \begin_inset listings
1694 lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily},tabsize=4"
1698 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1700 Provides covington 1
1703 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1708 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1719 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1730 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1741 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1752 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1756 usepackage{covington}
1759 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1769 \begin_layout Standard
1771 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1775 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1779 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1783 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1787 This effectively defuncts
1791 example(s) environment in favor of
1796 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1818 \begin_layout Standard
1824 , this problem is solved.
1829 \begin_layout Section
1830 Optimality Theory Tableaux
1833 \begin_layout Standard
1834 OT tableaux itself can of course simply be inserted as ordinary tables (for
1835 specific features such as dashed lines and shaded cells, cf.
1841 However, you might want to have the tableaux numbered throughout the document,
1842 and you might want to have a
1854 \begin_layout Standard
1855 The Linguistics module provides support for both.
1858 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
1861 , you will find a Tableaux float:
1864 \begin_layout Standard
1865 \begin_inset Float tableau
1872 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1874 \begin_inset Tabular
1875 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
1876 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
1877 <column alignment="right" valignment="top">
1878 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
1879 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
1880 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" special="|c">
1881 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
1883 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1886 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1892 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1895 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1903 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
1906 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1914 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1917 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1925 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1928 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1938 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1941 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1942 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{☞}$
1946 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
1954 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1957 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1963 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
1966 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1972 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1975 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1981 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1984 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1992 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
1995 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2001 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2004 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2010 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
2013 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2019 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2022 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2028 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2031 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2039 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2042 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2043 \begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
2051 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2054 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2060 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
2063 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2069 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2072 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2078 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2081 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2089 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2092 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2098 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2101 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2107 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
2110 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2116 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2119 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2125 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2128 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2142 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2143 \begin_inset Caption Standard
2145 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2159 \begin_layout Standard
2160 Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
2161 the output, no matter where you put it in the \SpecialChar LyX
2163 To get the Tableau captions on top, put the following code in
2165 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
2166 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
2173 \begin_inset listings
2174 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
2178 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2182 floatstyle{plaintop}
2185 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2189 restylefloat{tableau}
2197 \begin_layout Standard
2198 If you use a KOMA class, use the following code instead:
2202 \begin_inset listings
2203 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
2207 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2211 floatstyle{komaabove}
2214 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2218 restylefloat{tableau}
2226 \begin_layout Standard
2227 A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
2229 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2236 \begin_layout Standard
2237 \begin_inset FloatList tableau
2244 \begin_layout Section
2245 Semantic Markup (Character Styles)
2248 \begin_layout Standard
2249 The Linguistics module comes with some character styles that are common
2253 \begin_layout Enumerate
2254 Concept (in small caps):
2255 \begin_inset Flex Concepts
2258 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2267 \begin_layout Enumerate
2268 Expression (emphasized):
2269 \begin_inset Flex Expression
2272 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2281 \begin_layout Enumerate
2282 Meaning (in single quotes):
2283 \begin_inset Flex Meaning
2286 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2295 \begin_layout Standard
2296 You can insert the character styles via the
2298 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
2302 If you need to change the appearance of these styles later, you can redefine
2303 them in the preamble.
2304 To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
2308 \begin_inset listings
2309 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
2313 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2329 \begin_layout Standard
2330 Similarly, concept (
2345 \begin_layout Section
2346 Linguistic structure trees
2349 \begin_layout Standard
2350 Meanwhile, many \SpecialChar LaTeX
2351 are available which help producing structure trees.
2357 package, which combines high flexibility and power with a comfortable input
2359 The Linguistics module provides a Structure Tree inset, which can be inserted
2362 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2366 Within this inset, you can insert the bracket notation used by
2370 (and also by other similar packages such as
2377 \begin_layout Standard
2378 Here is a simple example:
2381 \begin_layout Standard
2382 \begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
2385 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2386 [VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[D[a]][NP[letter]]] ] ]
2394 \begin_layout Standard
2396 If you view the PDF output, you will see that the input
2403 [VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[D[a]][NP[letter]]]]]
2406 \begin_layout Standard
2407 expands to a real structure tree.
2408 To view the result within the \SpecialChar LyX
2409 work area, you can simply embed the Structure
2410 Tree inset into a Preview inset (
2412 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2416 If instant preview is correctly installed and activated, you should see
2417 the tree immediately (just click on the image in order to edit):
2420 \begin_layout Standard
2421 \begin_inset Preview
2423 \begin_layout Standard
2424 \begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
2427 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2428 [VP [DP[Mary]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[John]] [DP[D[a]][NP[response]]] ] ]
2441 \begin_layout Standard
2443 Roofs can be easily generated by means of the
2444 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2448 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2455 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2458 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2462 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2465 option only exists as of
2470 We have added some code to the preamble of this manual to support previous
2476 version < 2.0, you either need to copy this code to your preamble or use
2478 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2482 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2486 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2490 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2498 (note that the comma has special meaning, as it marks options):
2501 \begin_layout Standard
2502 \begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
2505 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2506 [VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[another letter, roof]] ] ]
2514 \begin_layout Standard
2516 In order to align nodes of the tree more elegantly, use the
2517 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2521 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2525 All nodes which have the same
2526 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2530 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2533 allocated get aligned.
2537 \begin_layout Standard
2538 \begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
2541 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2542 [VP [DP[John,tier=word]] [V' [V[sent,tier=word]] [DP[Mary,tier=word]] [DP[D[a,ti
2543 er=word]][NP[letter,tier=word]]] ] ]
2551 \begin_layout Standard
2553 The package supports many additional features, such as movement arrows and
2554 decorations, that cannot documented here (please refer to the detailed
2555 package documentation
2556 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
2566 \begin_layout Section
2567 Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
2570 \begin_layout Standard
2571 You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
2572 is a base functionality of \SpecialChar LyX
2574 However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
2575 (briefly) in this manual nevertheless.
2578 \begin_layout Standard
2579 If you use traditional \SpecialChar LaTeX
2580 or PDF\SpecialChar LaTeX
2581 , a prerequisite to use \SpecialChar LyX
2583 the \SpecialChar LaTeX
2589 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
2596 , which is automatically loaded by \SpecialChar LyX
2597 if you follow the procedure described
2599 If you use Unicode fonts (i.
2600 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
2603 e., if you have clicked
2604 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2607 Use non-\SpecialChar TeX
2609 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2614 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
2615 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
2622 is loaded instead (since
2626 does not work in this context).
2631 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2632 See also https://github.com/wspr/fontspec/issues/280 and the discussion in
2633 docutils-devel (https://www.mail-archive.com/search?l=mid&q=1487664738.2405.6.camel%
2643 package emulates the
2647 output, but is not perfect at that, so some things might not look as expected.
2648 Furthermore, you need to take care in this case to use a font that includes
2649 the IPA glyphs (such as
2658 You can also specify an extra font only for IPA by adding the following
2661 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
2662 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
2668 \begin_layout Standard
2669 \begin_inset listings
2670 lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
2674 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2681 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2687 ipafont}{CMU Serif}% or another font
2690 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2701 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2708 Additionally, and independent from which of the above approaches you use,
2709 if you want to have instant preview, you should have the
2714 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
2724 \begin_layout Standard
2725 The recommended way to insert phonetic symbols is via
2727 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2728 Special characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
2732 This gives you an input box (
2733 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2737 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2741 speak), where you can insert the symbols.
2742 Note that this box can be used both for the insertion of small snippets
2743 (inline) and multiple paragraphs of phonetic notation.
2744 While the cursor is inside the box, a toolbar opens, which provides the
2745 basic set of phonetic symbols (sorted by the IPA categories).
2749 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2750 Currently, there is one symbol missing: the labiodental flap (added to the
2752 This symbol is not yet supported by the
2756 package and thus cannot be supported by LyX.
2761 Each of the toolbar's panels can be torn off the bar by clicking on the
2762 dashed line on its top.
2763 This way, you can insert most symbols quite comfortably:
2766 \begin_layout Standard
2768 \begin_inset IPADeco bottomtiebar
2771 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2786 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2787 Note that, if you want to insert diacritics, the diacritics are inserted
2796 \begin_layout Standard
2810 subring diacritic from the toolbar immediately after the
2815 If you need a diacritic alone, you can achieve this by inserting a blank
2816 and then the diacritic, as in
2819 \begin_layout Standard
2828 \begin_inset space ~
2831 <space>+<Linguolabial from the IPA toolbar>
2842 is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
2844 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
2845 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
2847 \begin_inset space ~
2851 \begin_inset space ~
2854 Feel\SpecialChar menuseparator
2857 ), you'll get a nice WYSIWYG preview as soon as the cursor leaves the box.
2858 Alternatively to the toolbar, you can also insert the symbols directly
2859 via the shortcut notation which is described in the
2866 \begin_layout Standard
2893 Furthermore, you can insert symbols via
2895 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
2896 Special characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
2897 Symbols\SpecialChar ldots
2900 (which might be useful for symbols that are not yet covered by the toolbar),
2901 or you can simply paste unicode-encoded text (e.
2902 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
2905 g., from other applications) into the box.
2906 The output should be equal, no matter what input method you chose.
2909 \begin_layout Standard
2910 Note that you can also insert or paste most IPA glyphs outside the specific
2911 IPA input box: [əz ʃəʊn hɪə].
2912 In the output, they will be automatically transformed into the correct
2917 macro (if not, please inform us).
2918 However, please note that this method produces inferior output quality,
2919 since it will most likely result in a mix of fonts (the latin characters
2920 are taken from the base document font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font).
2921 Within the IPA input box, on the other hand, the IPA font is used for all
2923 So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, using the IPA
2924 input box is highly recommended.
2927 \begin_layout Section
2931 \begin_layout Standard
2932 For a detailed description of specific possibilities for linguists, please
2933 refer to the Linguist\SpecialChar LyX
2934 page on the \SpecialChar LyX
2936 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
2943 (feel free to enter your own hints there).
2946 \begin_layout Bibliography
2947 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
2948 LatexCommand bibitem
2954 The covington package:
2955 \begin_inset Flex URL
2958 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2960 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/covington/
2968 \begin_layout Bibliography
2969 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
2970 LatexCommand bibitem
2976 The csquotes package:
2977 \begin_inset Flex URL
2980 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2982 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/csquotes/
2990 \begin_layout Bibliography
2991 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
2992 LatexCommand bibitem
2998 The enumitem package:
2999 \begin_inset Flex URL
3002 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3004 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/
3012 \begin_layout Bibliography
3013 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3014 LatexCommand bibitem
3021 \begin_inset Flex URL
3024 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3026 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/float/
3034 \begin_layout Bibliography
3035 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3036 LatexCommand bibitem
3043 \begin_inset Flex URL
3046 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3048 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/graphics/pgf/contrib/forest
3056 \begin_layout Bibliography
3057 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3058 LatexCommand bibitem
3064 Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using \SpecialChar LyX
3068 \begin_inset Flex URL
3071 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3073 https://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX
3081 \begin_layout Bibliography
3082 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3083 LatexCommand bibitem
3089 The preview-latex package:
3090 \begin_inset Flex URL
3093 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3095 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/preview/
3103 \begin_layout Bibliography
3104 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
3105 LatexCommand bibitem
3111 The tipa package and fonts:
3112 \begin_inset Flex URL
3115 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3117 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/