UserGuide.lyx: next revision step

[features.git] / lib / doc / UserGuide.lyx

#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/\r
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\author -712698321 "Jürgen Spitzmüller" \r
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\begin_body\r
\r
\begin_layout Title\r
The LyX User's Guide\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Author\r
by the LyX Team\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\noindent\r
If you have comments on or error corrections to this documentation, please\r
 send them to the LyX Documentation mailing list: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"\r
type "mailto:"\r
\r
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\r
\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
Version 2.0.x\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The latest PDF-version of this document can be found here:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/DocumentationDevelopment#UserGuide\r
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\r
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\r
\r
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\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset CommandInset toc\r
LatexCommand tableofcontents\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
Getting Started\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
What is LyX?\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX is a document preparation system.\r
 It is a tool for producing beautiful manu\SpecialChar \-\r
scripts, publishable books, business\r
 letters and proposals, and even poetry.\r
 It is unlike most other \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
word processors\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the sense that it uses the paradigm of a markup language as its core\r
 editing style.\r
 That means that when you type a section header, you mark it as a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
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\r
Section\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
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, not as \r
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Bold, 17\r
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pt type, left justified, 5\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
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\r
mm space below\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 LyX takes care of the typesetting for you; so you deal only with concepts,\r
 not with mechanics.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This philosophy is explained in greater detail in the \r
\emph on\r
Introduction\r
\emph default\r
manual.\r
 If you haven't read it yet, you need to.\r
 Yes, we mean now.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\emph on\r
Introduction\r
\emph default\r
 manual describes several things in addition to LyX's philosophy: most important\r
ly, the format of all of the manuals.\r
 If you don't read it, you will have a bear of a time navigating this manual.\r
 You might also be better served looking in one of the other manuals instead\r
 of this one.\r
 The \r
\emph on\r
Introduction\r
\emph default\r
 manual describes that, too.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
How LyX Looks\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Like most applications, LyX has the familiar menu bar across the top of\r
 its window.\r
 Below it is a toolbar with a pulldown box and various buttons.\r
 There is, of course, a vertical scrollbar and a main work area for editing\r
 documents.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Note that there is no horizontal scrollbar.\r
 This is not a bug or an oversight, but intentional.\r
 When you read a book, you expect the end of a line to wrap around to the\r
 next line.\r
 Text overflows onto new pages in a vertical fashion, hence the need for\r
 only a vertical scrollbar.\r
 There are three cases where you might want a horizontal scrollbar.\r
 The first case is large images.\r
 To avoid them being displayed larger than your screen, left click on the\r
 image and use the option \r
\family sans\r
Scale on Screen\r
\family default\r
 in the tab \r
\family sans\r
LaTeX and LyX options\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The second and third cases are tables and equations which are wider than\r
 the LyX window.\r
 You can use the arrow keys to scroll horizontally through the table, but\r
 this doesn't work for equations yet.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For a brief description of all LyX menus and toolbar buttons, have a look\r
 at Appendix\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "chap:The-User-Interface"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
HELP\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The help system consists of the LyX manuals.\r
 You can read all of the manuals from inside LyX.\r
 Just select the manual you want to read from the \r
\family sans\r
Help\r
\family default\r
 menu.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Basic LyX Setup\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Almost all features of LyX can be configured via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Preferences\r
\family default\r
.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Preferences\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 LyX is able to inspect your system to see what programs, LaTeX document\r
 classes and LaTeX packages are available.\r
 It uses this knowledge to give reasonable defaults for the preferences\r
 settings.\r
 Although this configuration has already been done when LyX was installed\r
 on your system, you might have some items that you installed locally, e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
new LaTeX classes, and which are not seen by LyX.\r
 To force LyX to re-inspect your system, you should use \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Reconfigure\r
\family default\r
.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Reconfiguration of LyX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 You should then restart LyX to ensure that the changes are taken into account.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
LaTeX Setup\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:LaTeX-Setup"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can edit documents in LyX without having LaTeX installed, but you will\r
 not be able to create PDFs or print your documents unless you do have it\r
 installed.\r
 However, some LyX documents use DocBook as the “backend” that can produce\r
 PDFs and the like, and every LyX document can always be output as plain\r
 text or as XHTML.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Some document classes may depend upon specific LaTeX or DocBook classes\r
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 Such document classes can be used even if you do not have the required\r
 files installed, but you will not be able to produce certain kinds of output.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
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The LaTeX packages that LyX has found on your system are listed in a file\r
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\family sans\r
Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
LaT\r
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\r
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\r
{}\r
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\r
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\r
eX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Configuration\r
\family default\r
.\r
 If you are missing packages you need, then you must install them and then\r
 reconfigure LyX (menu \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Reconfigure\r
\family default\r
).\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The two braces in the TeX Code box prevent that the term \r
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\r
LaTeX\r
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\r
 from being printed with sub- and superscript letters.\r
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\begin_inset space ~\r
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\r
\r
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LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:TeX-Code"\r
\r
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\r
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\begin_inset space ~\r
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\r
\r
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LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LyX's-Proper-Names"\r
\r
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\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Reconfiguration of LyX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 See section 5.1 of the \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 manual for more information on installing additional LaTeX packages.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
How to work with LyX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Basic File Operations\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
File Operations\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Under the \r
\family sans\r
File\r
\family default\r
 menu and in the standard toolbar are basic operations for any word processor\r
 in addition to some more advanced operations:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
New \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "buffer-new"\r
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\r
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New\r
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\r
from\r
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\r
Template\r
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\r
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\r
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Open \r
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type  "icon"\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
\family sans\r
Close\r
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\r
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\r
\family sans\r
Save \r
\begin_inset Info\r
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arg   "buffer-write"\r
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\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Save\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
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As\r
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\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Revert\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
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\r
to\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
saved\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Version\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
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\r
Control\r
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\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Import\r
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\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Export\r
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\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Print \r
\begin_inset Info\r
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arg   "dialog-show print"\r
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\r
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\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Exit\r
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\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
They all do pretty much the same thing as in other word processors, with\r
 a few minor differences.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
New\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
from\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Template\r
\family default\r
 command lists the available templates.\r
 Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for\r
 the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.\r
 They can be of use for certain classes, especially those for writing letters\r
 (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Document-Classes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
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\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status collapsed\r
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\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 There is no \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
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\r
default file\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
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\r
 or document named \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
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\r
Untitled\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
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\r
 or \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
scratch.\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Unless you tell LyX to open a file or create a new one, that big, blank\r
 space is just that — a big, blank space.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
Revert\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
to\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
saved\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Version\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Control\r
\family default\r
 are useful if more people work on the same document at the same time.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
If you plan to do this, you should check out the Version Control feature\r
 in LyX also.\r
 Read Additional Features\SpecialChar \@.\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Revert\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
to\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
saved\r
\family default\r
 will reload the document from disk.\r
 You can of course also use it if you regret that you changed a document\r
 and want to restore it to the last save.\r
 With\r
\family sans\r
 Version\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Control \r
\family default\r
you can register the changes you made to a document so that others can identify\r
 them as your changes.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Basic Editing Features\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Editing\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Like most modern word processors, LyX can perform cut and paste operations\r
 on blocks of text, can move by character, word, or page of text, and can\r
 delete whole words as well as individual characters.\r
 The next four sections cover the basic LyX editing features and how to\r
 access them.\r
 We will start with cut and paste.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
As you might expect, the \r
\family sans\r
Edit\r
\family default\r
 menu and the standard toolbar has the cut and paste commands, along with\r
 various other editing features.\r
 Some of these are special and covered in later sections.\r
 The basic ones are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Cut \r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "cut"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Copy \r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "copy"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Paste \r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "paste"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Paste\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Recent\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Paste\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Special\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
&\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Replace \r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show findreplace"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The first three are self-explanatory.\r
 \r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paste\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
You can also copy text between LyX and other programs by cut, copy and paste.\r
 The submenu of \r
\family sans\r
Paste\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Recent\r
\family default\r
 shows you a list with the last strings you have pasted.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The menu \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Paste\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Special\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Plain\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Text,\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Join\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Lines\r
\family default\r
 will insert the text in the clipboard so that the whole text is inserted\r
 as one paragraph.\r
 A new paragraph is started when there is a blank line in the file.\r
 Without \r
\family sans\r
Join\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Lines\r
\family default\r
, the text is inserted as Paragraphs, where the line breaks of the text\r
 will start a new paragraph.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Replace\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Find\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Find\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
&\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Replace\r
\family default\r
 item opens the \r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
and\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Replace\r
\family default\r
 dialog.\r
 Once you have found a word or expression, LyX selects it.\r
 Hitting the \r
\family sans\r
Replace\r
\family default\r
 button replaces the selected text with the contents of the \r
\family sans\r
Replace\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
with\r
\family default\r
 field.\r
 You can click the \r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Next\r
\family default\r
 button to skip the current word.\r
 Hit \r
\family sans\r
Replace\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
All\r
\family default\r
 to replace all occurrences of the text in the document automatically.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Case\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
sensitive\r
\family default\r
 option can be used if you want the search to consider the case of the search\r
 word.\r
 If the toggle is set, searching for \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
Test\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 will not match the word \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
test\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Match whole words only\r
\family default\r
 option can be used to force LyX to only find complete words, e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g., searching for \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
star\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 will not match \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
starlet\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 LyX offers also an advanced \r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
&\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Replace\r
\family default\r
 feature that is described in sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Advanced-Find-and"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Things like notes, floats, etc.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(the so called \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
insets\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) can be dissolved.\r
 This means that the inset is deleted and its content is left as normal\r
 text.\r
 Dissolving an inset is done by setting the cursor to the beginning of an\r
 inset and pressing \r
\family sans\r
Backspace\r
\family default\r
 or by setting the cursor to the end and pressing \r
\family sans\r
Delete\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The content of an inset is selected using the shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "inset-select-all"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, the shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "command-sequence buffer-begin ; buffer-end-select"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 selects the whole document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Undo and Redo\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Redo\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Undo\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Undo-and-Redo"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you make a mistake, you can easily recover from it.\r
 LyX has a large-capacity undo/redo buffer.\r
 Select \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Undo\r
\family default\r
 or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "undo"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to undo some mistake.\r
 If you accidentally undo too much, use \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Redo\r
\family default\r
 or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "redo"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
undo the undo.\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 The undo mechanism is currently limited to 100\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
steps to minimize memory overhead.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Note that if you revert back all changes to arrive at the document as it\r
 was last saved, the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
changed\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 status of the document is unfortunately not reset.\r
 This is a consequence of the 100\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
step undo limit mentioned above.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
Undo\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Redo\r
\family default\r
 work on almost everything in LyX.\r
 But they will not undo or redo text character by character, but by blocks\r
 of text.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Mouse Operations\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Mouse Operations\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
These are the most basic mouse operations.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Motion\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Click the \r
\emph on\r
left mouse button\r
\emph default\r
 once anywhere in the edit window.\r
 The cursor moves to the text under the mouse.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Selecting Text\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Hold down the \r
\emph on\r
left mouse button\r
\emph default\r
 and drag the mouse.\r
 LyX marks the text between the old and new mouse positions.\r
 Use \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Copy\r
\family default\r
 to create a copy of the text in LyX's buffer (and the clipboard).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Re-position the cursor and then paste the text back into LyX using \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Paste\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Insets (Footnotes, Notes, Floats, etc.)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Right-click on them to set their properties.\r
 Also check the appropriate section of this manual for more details.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Navigating\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Navigating"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Navigating\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX offers you several ways to navigate in documents:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Navigate\r
\family default\r
 menu lists all sections of the document as submenu entries that you can\r
 click to jump to the corresponding document part.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
The “Outline”, which is accessed either by the menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Outline\r
\family default\r
 or by the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-toggle toc"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
You can set bookmarks in your document under \r
\family sans\r
Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Bookmarks\r
\family default\r
 and use the same menu to return to them.\r
 Note that bookmarks are saved between sessions.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "bookmark-goto 0"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (also \r
\family sans\r
Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Bookmarks\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Navigate\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Back\r
\family default\r
) jumps to the position in the document where you recently changed something.\r
 This is useful when you have a large document and have navigated or scrolled\r
 to another document part to look for something, and want to go back to\r
 your last editing position.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
By pressing the \r
\family sans\r
F5\r
\family default\r
 key the cursor will be vertically centered in LyX's main window.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
The Outliner\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:The-Outliner"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In the pull-down box at the top of the outline window, you can choose between\r
 several different lists, including other TOC-like objects, such as lists\r
 of tables and figures, but also lists of footnotes, or labels and cross-referen\r
ces (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Cross-References"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
), or notes, or citations (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Bibliography"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 Clicking on any of these will take you to the corresponding object in your\r
 document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Right-clicking on elements in the Outline opens in many cases a context\r
 menu that will allow for direct modification of those elements.\r
 For example, with citations, the context menu allows you to open the citation\r
 dialog and to modify the citation.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The “Filter” field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear\r
 in the Outline.\r
 For example, if you are displaying the list of Labels and References and\r
 wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
sub:\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the filter, and only entries containing that text will be displayed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
At the bottom of the outline are several buttons and the like that allow\r
 you further to control the display.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Sort\r
\family default\r
 option sorts the current list alphabetically.\r
 Otherwise, the elements appear in the order in which they occur in the\r
 document.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Keep\r
\family default\r
 option keeps it in the current view state.\r
 Keeping means that when you have, for example, the subsections of sections\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2 and 4 displayed and click on section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
3, the subsections of sections\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2 and 4 will still be displayed.\r
 Without the \r
\family sans\r
Keep\r
\family default\r
 option they will be hidden to highlight the clicked section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
3.\r
 Finally, the slider at the left can be used to open the Outline to a given\r
 \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
depth\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 It is best just to experiment with it to see how it works.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename ../images/reload.png\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
button refreshes the TOC (though this should not usually be necessary).\r
 Next to it are buttons that allow you to change the position of sections\r
 in your document.\r
 The \r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename ../images/down.png\r
        scale 85\r
        groupId toolbarbuttons\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename ../images/up.png\r
        scale 85\r
        groupId toolbarbuttons\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 buttons move sections up and down in the document.\r
 So, for example, you can move section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2.5 before section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2.4 or after section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2.6.\r
 LyX will then automatically renumber the sections to the new order.\r
 With the buttons \r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename ../images/promote.png\r
        scale 85\r
        groupId toolbarbuttons\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename ../images/demote.png\r
        scale 85\r
        groupId toolbarbuttons\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (or the corresponding key bindings \r
\family sans\r
Tab\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Shift-Tab\r
\family default\r
) you can change the level of sections.\r
 So you can for example make section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2.5 chapter\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
3 or subsection\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2.4.1.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Input/Word Completion\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Input-Completion"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Input completion\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Word completion|see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Input completion\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX provides completion of words by scanning all documents that are currently\r
 opened.\r
 Every word that appears in these documents is added to a database that\r
 is used to propose completions.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Input completion can be activated in the LyX preferences (menu \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Preferences\r
\family default\r
) in the section \r
\family sans\r
Editing\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Input Completion\r
\family default\r
.\r
 With the option \r
\family sans\r
Automatic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
inline\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
completion\r
\family default\r
 the proposed completion is shown directly after the cursor.\r
 With the option \r
\family sans\r
Automatic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
popup\r
\family default\r
 the completions are always shown in a popup.\r
 The cursor completion indicator can be turned off by deselecting the option\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Cursor\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
indicator\r
\family default\r
.\r
 With the general options you can define the delay time for the inline and\r
 popup completion and choose if long completions should be abbreviated.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX displays a small triangle after the cursor as an indicator that there\r
 are completions available.\r
 Press the \r
\family sans\r
Tab\r
\family default\r
 key to accept a proposed completion.\r
 If several completions are possible, a popup is opened showing them.\r
 You can select a completion in the popup using the mouse or the arrow keys,\r
 and accept the chosen completion by pressing \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The completion options for math in the preferences do the same as the correspond\r
ing options for text.\r
 The special math option \r
\family sans\r
Autocorrection\r
\family default\r
 enables characters to be composed.\r
 If, for example, you want to insert the character \r
\begin_inset Formula $\Rightarrow$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, you can then input the characters \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
=>\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to a formula to get it.\r
 So this is a quick alternative to the insertion of commands or the use\r
 of the math toolbar.\r
 A list with supported character combinations can be found in the file \r
\family typewriter\r
autocorrect\r
\family default\r
 that is in LyX's installation folder.\r
 Math autocorrection can at any time be turned on by pressing the exclamation\r
 mark key “!”.\r
 Pressing \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 turns it off.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Basic Key Bindings\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Key Bindings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Bindings|see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Key Bindings\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Shortcuts|see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Key Bindings\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are at least two different primary binding maps: \r
\family typewriter\r
cua\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family typewriter\r
emacs\r
\family default\r
.\r
 LyX's default is \r
\family typewriter\r
cua\r
\family default\r
, which can be changed in the LyX preferences under \r
\family sans\r
Editing\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Shortcuts\r
\family default\r
.\r
 (You can list or change any key bindings as explained in sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Editing-Shortcuts"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Some keys, like \r
\family sans\r
Page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Up\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Down\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Left\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Up\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Down\r
\family default\r
, do exactly what you expect them to do.\r
 Other keys don't:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Tab\r
\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature\r
LatexCommand nomenclature\r
symbol "Tab"\r
description "Tabulator key"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
 There is no such thing as a tab stop in LyX.\r
 If you do not understand this, go read sections\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Par-indent-intro"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, especially section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Lists"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, right now.\r
 Yes, right now.\r
 If you are still confused, look in the \r
\emph on\r
Tutorial\r
\emph default\r
.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
In LyX the \r
\family sans\r
Tab\r
\family default\r
 key is only used to accept proposed input completions, to move the cursor\r
 in tables or math matrices or to change the nesting level in Itemize or\r
 Enumerate.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Esc\r
\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature\r
LatexCommand nomenclature\r
symbol "Esc"\r
description "Escape key"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
 This is the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
cancel key.\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 It is used, generically, to cancel operations.\r
 Other parts of the manual will go into greater detail about this.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Home\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
and\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
End\r
\family default\r
 These move the cursor, respectively, to the beginning and end of a line,\r
 unless you are using the Emacs bindings where they jump to the beginning\r
 or end of the file.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are three modifier keys:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Control\r
\family default\r
 (Denoted by \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
Ctrl\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature\r
LatexCommand nomenclature\r
symbol "Ctrl"\r
description "Control key"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the documentation files) This has a couple of different uses, depending\r
 on which keys it is used in combination with:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Backspace\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Delete\r
\family default\r
, it deletes an entire word instead of a single character.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Left\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\family default\r
, it moves by words instead of characters.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Home\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
End\r
\family default\r
, it moves to the beginning and the end of the document, respectively.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Shift\r
\family default\r
 (Denoted by \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
Shift\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature\r
LatexCommand nomenclature\r
symbol "Shift"\r
description "Shift key"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the documentation files) Use this with any of the arrow keys to select\r
 the text between the old and new cursor positions.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Alt\r
\family default\r
 (Denoted by \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
Alt\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature\r
LatexCommand nomenclature\r
symbol "Alt"\r
description "Alt or Meta key"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the documentation files) This is the Alt key on many keyboards, unless\r
 your keyboard has a distinct Meta key.\r
 If you have both keys, you will need to try out which one actually performs\r
 the \r
\family sans\r
Alt+\r
\family default\r
 function.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
This key does many different things, but it also activates the \r
\emph on\r
menu accelerator keys\r
\emph default\r
.\r
 If you use this in combination with any of the underlined letters in a\r
 menu or menu item, it selects that menu item.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For example, the sequence \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
Alt\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
e\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
s\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
c\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 brings up the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Text Style\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 dialog.\r
 Typing \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
Alt\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
f\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 opens the \r
\family sans\r
File\r
\family default\r
 menu.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\emph on\r
Shortcuts\r
\emph default\r
 manual lists all other things bound to the \r
\family sans\r
Alt\r
\family default\r
 key.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You will learn more and more key bindings and short-cut keys as you use\r
 LyX, because most actions will prompt a small message in the status bar\r
 at the bottom of LyX's main window which describes the name of the action\r
 you have just triggered, and any existing key bindings for that action.\r
 The LyX menus also list the defined key bindings.\r
 The notation for the key bindings is very similar to the notation used\r
 in this documentation, so you should not have any problems understanding\r
 it.\r
 However, notice that Shift-modifiers are explicitly mentioned, so \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
Alt+P Shift+A\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 means \r
\family sans\r
Alt+P\r
\family default\r
 followed by a capital \r
\family sans\r
A\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
LyX Basics\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LyX ! Basics\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Document Types\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Types\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Introduction\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Before you do anything else, before you ever start writing a document, you\r
 need to decide what type of document you want to edit.\r
 Different types of documents use different types of spacing, headings,\r
 numbering schemes, and so on.\r
 Additionally, different documents use different paragraph environments,\r
 and format the title of your document differently.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A \r
\emph on\r
document class\r
\emph default\r
 describes a group of properties common to a particular set of documents.\r
 By setting the document class, you automatically select these properties,\r
 making it easier to create the type of document you want.\r
 If you don't choose a document class, LyX picks one for you by default.\r
 So it is up to you to change the class of your document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Document Classes\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Classes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Document-Classes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can select a class using the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Document Class\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 dialog.\r
 Select the class you want to use, and make any fine tunings of the options\r
 you may need.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Overview\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are four standard document classes in LyX.\r
 They are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Article for basic articles\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Report for basic reports\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Book for writing a book\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Letter for US-style letters\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are also some non-standard classes, which LyX only uses if you have\r
 installed the corresponding LaTeX class files, though most LaTeX distributions\r
 will include many of these.\r
 Here are some of the classes.\r
 The full list with detailed explanations can be found in chapter \r
\emph on\r
Special Document Classes\r
\emph default\r
 in the \r
\emph on\r
Additional Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
A&A Journal articles in the style and format used in Astronomy & Astrophysics\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
ACS For submissions to the journals published by the American Chemistry\r
 Society\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
AGU For submissions to the journals published by the American Geophysical\r
 Union\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
AMS Layouts for articles and books in the style and format used by the American\r
 Mathematical Society (AMS).\r
 There are three article layouts available.\r
 The standard one uses a typical numbering scheme for theorems etc., that\r
 prepends the section number to the number of the result.\r
 All result-type statements (propositions, corollaries, and so on) are sequenced\r
 together, but definitions, examples, and the like have their own sequence.\r
 The \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
sequential numbering\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 scheme does not place the section number with each result, but numbers\r
 them throughout the article in a single sequence.\r
 Each type of result gets its own sequence.\r
 There is also a layout that dispenses with numbering of statements altogether.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Beamer Layout for presentations\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Broadway Layout for writing plays.\r
 It is not an existing LaTeX document class, but a new one that is distributed\r
 with LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Chess Layout to write about chess games\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Curriculum\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
vitae classes to create curriculum vitae\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Elsarticle Layout for journals of the Elsevier publishing group\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Foils Used to make transparencies\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Hollywood Used to type spec scripts for the US film industry.\r
 It is not an existing LaTeX document class, but a new one that is distributed\r
 with LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
IEEEtran Layout for the journals published by the Institute of Electrical\r
 and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
IOP Layout for journals of the Institute of Physics publishing group\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Kluwer Layout for journals of the Kluwer publishing group\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
KOMA-Script a replacement for the standard classes, offers many useful features\r
 like caption formatting, automatic print space calculation etc.\r
 (Is used by this document.)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Memoir another replacement for the standard classes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Powerdot Layout for presentations\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
REVTe\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X is used to write articles for the publications of the American Physical\r
 Society (APS), American Institute of Physics (AIP), and Optical Society\r
 of America (OSA).\r
 This class is not completely compatible with all LyX features.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Slides Used to make transparencies\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
SPIE\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Proceedings Layout for the journals published by The International Society\r
 for Optical Engineering (SPIE)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Springer Layouts for journals of the Springer publishing group\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We will not go into detail about how to use these different document classes\r
 here.\r
 You can find details about the non-standard classes in Chapter 6 of the\r
 \r
\emph on\r
Additional Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
 Here, we will settle for a list of some of the common properties of all\r
 of the document classes.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Availability\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You will probably find that many of the document classes listed under \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Document Class\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 \r
\family default\r
are marked as \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Unavailable\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 If you open a document that uses such a class, you will receive a warning\r
 saying that there are files that are required to produce output that are\r
 not installed.\r
 So it may seem that something is wrong.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Nothing is wrong.\r
 LyX includes many more document classes than you will ever need to use,\r
 and some of them, like \r
\family sans\r
IOP\r
\family default\r
, are highly specialized.\r
 LyX tries to support as many different types of documents as possible,\r
 and it includes almost one hundred different layout files, with a growing\r
 number.\r
 No LaTeX distribution will install by default all files that might be needed\r
 by some document class.\r
 There are just too many of them.\r
 That is why some of the document classes are unavailable.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If there is a document class you would like to use that is marked as \r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Unavailable\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, you just need to install the appropriate package files.\r
 The easiest way to find out which files you need to install is to use that\r
 document class for a new file.\r
 LyX will display a dialog that will list the missing files.\r
 See section \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Installing new LaTeX files\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in of the \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 manual for information on how to install them.\r
\begin_inset VSpace medskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Although LyX provides support for many different sorts of documents, it\r
 does not include support for every document class people might want to\r
 use.\r
 For example, many universities provide LaTeX class files to be used for\r
 dissertations submitted to those universities.\r
 The LyX team cannot write layout files to support every one of these.\r
 There are too many.\r
 Fortunately, users can write their own layout files, and many users have\r
 done so.\r
 Chapter \r
\emph on\r
Installing New Document Classes, Layouts, and Templates\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 manual contains information on how to create layout files.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Modules\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Modules"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Modules\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Modules load additional features that are not by default available in the\r
 chosen document class.\r
 For example you might want to write Braille (embossed printing) in a document.\r
 This is not available in any document class, so you have to load the correspond\r
ing module in the \r
\family sans\r
Modules\r
\family default\r
 section of the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 dialog.\r
 Highlighting a module in the dialog will bring up a description of what\r
 it does.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Some modules require LaTeX packages or file format converters that are not\r
 always installed by default.\r
 LyX will warn you if you do not have a required package or converter, and\r
 it will tell you what exactly you are missing.\r
 You can still use the module while editing your file, but you will not\r
 be able to export to PDF or print your document, since LyX will not be\r
 able to compile the LaTeX file without the missing prerequisites.\r
 If you want to be able to produce this kind of output, then you need to\r
 install the missing prerequisites and then reconfigure LyX by selecting\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Reconfigure\r
\family default\r
.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Reconfiguration of LyX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 See section \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Installing new LaTeX files\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 manual for more information on installing required packages.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 Some modules require other modules, and some pairs of modules are incompatible.\r
 LyX will advise you about these things.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Local Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Local-Layout"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Local Layout\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Modules are to LyX much as packages are to LaTeX: They are intended to be\r
 used in a variety of different documents.\r
 If you often find yourself needing the same sort of thing in different\r
 documents, you should consider writing a module for this purpose.\r
 Sometimes, however, a particular document has very special needs, but you\r
 need a specific inset or character style only that one time.\r
 You want something that is like a document's own LaTeX preamble.\r
 What you want is LyX's \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Local Layout\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 See section \r
\emph on\r
Local Layout\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 manual for information on how to use it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Properties\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Each class has a default set of options.\r
 Here's a quick table describing them:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Page style\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Sides\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Columns\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Max.\r
 sectioning level\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
article\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Plain\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
One\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
One\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Section\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
report\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Plain\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
One\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
One\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Chapter\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
book\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Headings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Two\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
One\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Chapter\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
letter\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Plain\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
One\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
One\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
none\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You're probably also wondering what \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Max.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
sectioning level\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 means.\r
 There are several paragraph environments used to create section headings.\r
 Different document classes allow different types of section headings.\r
 Only two use the \r
\family sans\r
Chapter\r
\family default\r
 heading; the rest do not and begin instead with the \r
\family sans\r
Section\r
\family default\r
 heading.\r
 Some document classes, such as the ones for letters, don't use any section\r
 headings.\r
 In addition to \r
\family sans\r
Chapter\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Section\r
\family default\r
 headings, there are also \r
\family sans\r
Subsection\r
\family default\r
 headings, \r
\family sans\r
Subsubsection\r
\family default\r
 headings, and so on.\r
 We will describe these headings fully in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Headings"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Document Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Document-Layout"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Layout\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The most important properties of document classes are set in the menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
.\r
 There in the \r
\family sans\r
Class\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
options\r
\family default\r
 field under \r
\family sans\r
Documents\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Class\r
\family default\r
, you can enter special options for your document class in a comma-separated\r
 list.\r
 This is only necessary if LyX doesn't support special options you want\r
 to use for your document.\r
 To learn more about your favorite LaTeX-class and its options, you have\r
 to read its manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The drop box \r
\family sans\r
Headings\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
style\r
\family default\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog under \r
\family sans\r
Page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Layout\r
\family default\r
 controls what sorts of headings and page numbers go on a page.\r
 You can choose between the following five options:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Default\r
\family default\r
 Use default page style of current class.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
empty\r
\family default\r
 No page numbers or headings.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
plain\r
\family default\r
 Page numbers only.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
headings\r
\family default\r
 Page numbers and either the current chapter or section title and number.\r
 Whether LyX uses the current chapter or the current section depends on\r
 the maximum sectioning level of the class.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
fancy\r
\family default\r
 This allows you to define fully customizable headers and footers if you\r
 have the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
fancyhdr\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! fancyhdr\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 installed.\r
 How they are defined is explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Customized-Page-Headers"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The separation of paragraphs is described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Paragraph-Separation"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Paper Size and Orientation\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Paper size\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Paper-Size,-Orientation"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can find the following options in the menu \r
\family sans\r
Page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Layout\r
\family default\r
 of the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog:\r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Paper\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Format\r
\family default\r
 What size paper to print on.\r
 The choices are\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Default\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
A0 - A6\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
B0 - B6\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
C0 - C6\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
US letter, US legal, US executive\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
JIS B0 - JIS B6\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Custom\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Orientation\r
\family default\r
 To choose whether to output as \r
\family sans\r
Landscape\r
\family default\r
 or as \r
\family sans\r
Portrait\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Two-sided\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
document\r
\family default\r
 Adjusts the print space to print both sides of paper.\r
 That means that the print space for odd- and even-numbered pages is different.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Margins\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Margins"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Margins\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Margins\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Paper margins are set in the menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you use a KOMA-Script document class, you can use the default settings\r
 because KOMA-Script calculates the print space automatically by taking\r
 the paper format and the font size into account.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Important Note\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you change a document class, LyX has to convert \r
\emph on\r
everything\r
\emph default\r
 into the new class.\r
 That includes the paragraph environments.\r
 Some paragraph environments are standard, in so far as all of the document\r
 classes have them; but some classes have special paragraph environments.\r
 If this is the case, and you change the document class, LyX will mark the\r
 paragraphs whose styles it no longer understands as \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
unknown\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The name of the style is retained, in case you should want to go back to\r
 the old class.\r
 But these paragraphs will be output with no special formatting, so you\r
 will either need to create a new style yourself or else convert these paragraph\r
s manually to a style present in your new document class.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Paragraph Indentation and Separation\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paragraph ! Indentation\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Introduction\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Par-indent-intro"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Before describing all of the various paragraph environments, we'd like to\r
 say a word or two about paragraph indentation.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Everyone seems to have their own convention for separating paragraphs.\r
 Most Americans indent the first line of a paragraph.\r
 Others don't indent but put extra space between the paragraphs.\r
 If you choose indentation for paragraphs the \r
\emph on\r
first\r
\emph default\r
 paragraph of a section, or after a figure, an equation, a table, a list,\r
 etc., is \r
\emph on\r
not\r
\emph default\r
 indented.\r
 Only a paragraph following another paragraph gets indented.\r
 Note that the indentation behavior is different when you use another document\r
 language than English.\r
 LaTeX takes care that the indentation follows the rules of the language\r
 used.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The space between paragraphs, like the line spacing, the space between headings\r
 and text — in fact, all the spacing for just about everything —is pre-coded\r
 into LyX.\r
 As we said, you don't worry about how much space to add between what.\r
 LyX takes care of that.\r
 In fact, these pre-coded vertical spacings aren't a single number but a\r
 range.\r
 That way, LyX can squish or stretch the space between lines to make sure\r
 figures fit on a page with text, so that sections don't start at the bottom\r
 of a page, and so on.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX does this when LyX goes to produce a printable file.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 However, pre-coded doesn't mean you can't change them.\r
 LyX gives you the ability globally to change \r
\emph on\r
all\r
\emph default\r
 these pre-coded spacings.\r
 We will explain more later.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Paragraph Separation\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Paragraph-Separation"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paragraph ! Separation\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Select \r
\family sans\r
Indentation\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Vertical\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
space\r
\family default\r
 in the submenu \r
\family sans\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Layout\r
\family default\r
 of the dialog \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to indent paragraphs or to add extra space between paragraphs, respectively.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Fine-Tuning\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also change the separation method of a single paragraph.\r
 Open the \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Paragraph\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog and toggle the \r
\family sans\r
Indent\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Paragraph\r
\family default\r
 option to change the state of the current paragraph (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "paragraph-params \\indent-toggle"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 If paragraphs have no indentation but use extra space for separation, this\r
 button will be ignored (you can't indent a single paragraph by toggling\r
 this).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You should only need to change the indentation method for a single paragraph\r
 if you need to do some fine-tuning.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Line Spacing\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paragraph ! Line spacing\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\noun on\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
\noun default\r
 dialog you can set the line spacing for the whole document in the submenu\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Layout\r
\family default\r
.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
You need to have the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
setspace\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! setspace\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 installed to use this feature.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 You can set it for a single paragraph in the \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Paragraph\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog but this should be used very exceptionally because vertical spacing\r
 is normally defined in the environment's style.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Paragraph Environments\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Paragraph-Environments"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paragraph ! Environments\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paragraph environments|(\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Overview\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Paragraph environments correspond to the\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
begin{\r
\emph on\r
environment\r
\emph default\r
} ...\r
 \r
\backslash\r
end{\r
\emph on\r
environment\r
\emph default\r
}\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
command sequence in LaTeX files.\r
 If you don't know LaTeX, or the concept of a paragraph environment is totally\r
 alien to you, we urge you to read the \r
\emph on\r
Tutorial\r
\emph default\r
.\r
 The \r
\emph on\r
Tutorial\r
\emph default\r
 also contains many more examples than this section does.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A paragraph environment is simply a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
container\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for a paragraph which gives that paragraph certain properties.\r
 This can include a particular style of font, different margins, a numbering\r
 scheme, labels, and so on.\r
 Additionally, you can \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
nest\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 the different environments inside one another, allowing one environment\r
 to inherit some of the properties of another.\r
 The different paragraph environments totally replace the need for messy\r
 tab stops, on the fly margin adjustment, and other hangovers from the days\r
 of typewriters.\r
 There are several paragraph environments that are specific to a particular\r
 document type.\r
 We will only be covering the most common ones here.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To choose a new paragraph environment, use the pull-down box \r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png\r
        scale 70\r
        clip\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 at the left end of the toolbar.\r
 LyX will change the environment of the \r
\emph on\r
entire\r
\emph default\r
 paragraph in which the cursor sits.\r
 You can also change the environment of an entire group of paragraphs if\r
 you select them before choosing the new environment.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Note that entering \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
 will \r
\emph on\r
typically\r
\emph default\r
 create a new paragraph using the \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 paragraph environment.\r
 We say \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
typically\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 because if you are in one of these environments:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Verse\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
List\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX keeps the old paragraph environment when you enter \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
, rather than resetting it to \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Also the nesting depth is preserved (for more on nesting see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Nesting"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Standard\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The default paragraph environment is \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 for most classes.\r
 It creates a plain paragraph.\r
 If LyX resets the paragraph environment, this is the one it chooses.\r
 In fact, the paragraph you're reading right now (and most of the ones in\r
 this manual) are in the \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can nest a paragraph using the \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 environment in just about anything else, but you can't really nest anything\r
 in a \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Document Title\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Title\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A LaTeX title page has three parts: the title itself, the name(s) of the\r
 author(s) and a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
footnote\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for thanks or contact information.\r
 For certain types of documents, LaTeX places all of this on a separate\r
 page along with today's date.\r
 For other types of documents, the title \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
page\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 goes at the top of the first page of the document.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX provides an interface to the title page commands through the paragraph\r
 environments \r
\family sans\r
Title\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Author\r
\family default\r
, and \r
\family sans\r
Date\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Here's how you use them:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Put the title of your document in the \r
\family sans\r
Title\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Put the author name in the \r
\family sans\r
Author\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
If you want the date to have a certain appearance, want to use a fixed date,\r
 or want other text to appear in place of today's date, put that text in\r
 the \r
\family sans\r
Date\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
 Note that using this environment is optional.\r
 If you don't provide any, LaTeX will automatically insert today's date.\r
 If you don't want a date, use the option \r
\family sans\r
Suppress default date on front page\r
\family default\r
 in the menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Document\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
class\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can use footnotes to insert \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
thanks\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or contact information.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Headings\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Section headings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Headings"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are several paragraph environments for producing section headings.\r
 LyX takes care of the numbering for you.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Numbered Headings\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Section headings ! Numbered\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are 7 numbered types of section headings.\r
 They are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\r
\family sans\r
Part\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\r
\family sans\r
Chapter\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\r
\family sans\r
Section\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\r
\family sans\r
Subsection\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\r
\family sans\r
Subsubsection\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\r
\family sans\r
Paragraph\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\r
\family sans\r
Subparagraph\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX labels each heading with a series of numbers, separated by periods.\r
 The numbers describe where in the document you are.\r
 Unlike the other headings, parts are numbered with Latin letters.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Headings all subdivide your document into different pieces of text.\r
 For example, suppose you're writing a book.\r
 You group the book into chapters.\r
 LyX does a similar grouping:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Part\r
\family default\r
 is divided into either \r
\family sans\r
Chapter\r
\family default\r
s or \r
\family sans\r
Section\r
\family default\r
s\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Chapter\r
\family default\r
s are divided into \r
\family sans\r
Section\r
\family default\r
s\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Section\r
\family default\r
s are divided into \r
\family sans\r
Subsection\r
\family default\r
s\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Subsection\r
\family default\r
s are divided into \r
\family sans\r
Subsubsection\r
\family default\r
s\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Subsubsection\r
\family default\r
s are divided into \r
\family sans\r
Paragraph\r
\family default\r
s\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Paragraph\r
\family default\r
s are divided into \r
\family sans\r
Subparagraph\r
\family default\r
s\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 Not all document types use the \r
\family sans\r
Chapter\r
\family default\r
 heading as the maximum sectioning level.\r
 In that case the \r
\family sans\r
Section\r
\family default\r
 is the top-level heading.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
So, if you use the \r
\family sans\r
Subsubsection\r
\family default\r
 environment to label a new sub-subsection, LyX labels it with its number,\r
 along with the number of the subsection, section and, if applicable, chapter\r
 that it's in.\r
 For example: the fifth section of the second chapter of this book has the\r
 label \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2.5\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Unnumbered Headings\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Section headings ! Unnumbered\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The unnumbered section headings have a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
*\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 at the end of their name.\r
 They work the same as their numbered counterparts but will not appear in\r
 the table of contents, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:toc"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Changing the Numbering\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Numbering-depth"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also alter which sectioning levels get numbered and which ones appear\r
 in the Table of Contents.\r
 Now, this doesn't remove any of the levels; that's preset in the document\r
 class.\r
 Just as certain classes start with \r
\family sans\r
Chapter\r
\family default\r
 and go down to the \r
\family sans\r
Subparagraph\r
\family default\r
 level.\r
 Others start at \r
\family sans\r
Section\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Similarly, not all document classes number all sectioning levels.\r
 Most don't number \r
\family sans\r
Paragraph\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Subparagraph\r
\family default\r
.\r
 This is something you can change.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Open the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Under \r
\family sans\r
Numbering\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
&\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
TOC\r
\family default\r
 you will see two counters.\r
 The one named \r
\family sans\r
Numbering\r
\family default\r
 controls how far down in the sectioning hierarchy LyX numbers a section\r
 heading.\r
 The other one controls the appearance of the section headings in the table\r
 of contents.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Short Titles of Headings\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Section headings ! Short titles\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Short Titles\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Short-Titles"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Some section or chapter titles, such as this one, can get quite long.\r
 This can cause trouble when there is limited horizontal space.\r
 For example, if the header of the page is set to show the current section\r
 title, a long title will protrude over the page margins and look awful.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LaTeX allows you to specify a short title for section headings.\r
 This short title is used in the header and in the actual table of contents,\r
 avoiding the problem mentioned.\r
 To specify a short title, use the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Short\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Title\r
\family default\r
.\r
 This will insert a box labeled \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
opt\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (stands for \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
optional\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) which you can use to enter the short title text.\r
 This also works for captions inside floats.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The title of this section is a good example of using this feature.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Special Information\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The following information applies to all section headings:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
You cannot do any nesting with these environments.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
You cannot use a margin note in any of these environments.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
You can only use inline math in these environments.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
You can use labels and cross-references to refer to their numbers.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Quotes and Poetry line spacing\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX has three paragraph environments for writing poetry and quotations.\r
 They are \r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
, and \r
\family sans\r
Verse\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Forget the days of changing line spacing and twiddling with margins.\r
 These three paragraph environments already have those changes built-in.\r
 They all widen the left margin and add a bit of extra space above and below\r
 the text they contain.\r
 They also allow nesting, so you can put a \r
\family sans\r
Verse\r
\family default\r
 in a \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
, as well as in some other paragraph environments.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There is another feature of these three paragraph environments: they do\r
 \r
\emph on\r
not\r
\emph default\r
 reset to \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 when you start a new paragraph.\r
 So, you can type in that poem and merrily enter \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
 without worrying about the paragraph environment changing on you.\r
 Of course, that means that, once you are done typing in that poem, you\r
 have to change back to the \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 environment yourself.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
\r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Quote"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Quotation\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Now that we've described the similarities of these three environments, it's\r
 time for the differences.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
 are identical except for one difference: \r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\family default\r
 uses extra spacing to separate paragraphs and never indents the first line.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
 \r
\emph on\r
always\r
\emph default\r
 indents the first line of a paragraph and uses the same line spacing throughout.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here's an example of the \r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\family default\r
 environment:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quote\r
This is in the \r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
 I can keep writing, extending this line out further and further until it\r
 wraps.\r
 See – no indentation!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quote\r
Here's the second paragraph of this quote.\r
 Again, there's no indentation, but there is extra space between me and\r
 the other paragraph.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here's another example, this time in the \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
 environment:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quotation\r
This is in the \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
 If I keep writing, you will see the indentation.\r
 If your country uses a writing style that indicates new paragraphs by indenting\r
 the first line, then \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
 is the environment for you! Well, you'd use it \r
\emph on\r
if\r
\emph default\r
 you were quoting other text.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quotation\r
Here's a new paragraph.\r
 I could ramble on and on, like a politician at election time.\r
 If I did that, though, you'd get bored.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
As the examples show, \r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\family default\r
 is for those people who use extra space to separate paragraphs.\r
 They should put quotes in the \r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
 Those who use indentation to mark a new paragraph should use the \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
 paragraph environment for quoted text.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
\r
\family sans\r
Verse\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paragraph ! Verse\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Poetry\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Verse"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
Verse\r
\family default\r
 is a paragraph environment for poetry, rhymes, verses, and so on.\r
 Here's an example:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Verse\r
This is in Verse\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Which I did not rehearse!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Verse\r
It could be much worse.\r
 This line could be long, very long, oh so long, so very long that it wraps\r
 around.\r
 It looks okay on screen, but in the printed version, the extra lines are\r
 indented a bit more than the first.\r
 Okay, so it's turned to prose and doesn't rhyme anymore.\r
 So sue me.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Verse\r
To break a line\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
And make things look fine\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Use \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
As you can see, \r
\family sans\r
Verse\r
\family default\r
 does not indent both margins.\r
 Each stanza of the verse or poem is in its own paragraph.\r
 To separate the individual lines of a stanza, use the \r
\family typewriter\r
break-line\r
\family default\r
 function \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Lists\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Lists\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Lists"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX has four different paragraph environments for creating different kinds\r
 of lists.\r
 In the \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 environments, LyX labels your list items with bullets or numbers, respectively.\r
 In the \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
List\r
\family default\r
 environments, LyX lets you provide your own label.\r
 We will present the individual details of each type of list next after\r
 describing some general features of all four of them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
General Features\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The four paragraph environments for lists differ from the other environments\r
 in several ways.\r
 First, LyX treats each paragraph as a list item.\r
 Hitting \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
 does \r
\emph on\r
not\r
\emph default\r
 reset the environment to \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 but keeps the current environment and creates a new list item.\r
 The nesting depth is thereby kept.\r
 If you want to keep the paragraph environment but reset the current nesting\r
 depth, you can use \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 If you do this at the top level of a list, it returns you to the \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can nest lists of any type inside one another.\r
 In fact, LyX changes the labels on some list items depending on how it\r
 is nested.\r
 If you intend to use any of the list paragraph environments, we suggest\r
 you read all of section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Nesting"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
\r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Lists ! Itemize\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Itemize"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The first type of list we will describe in detail is the \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 paragraph environment.\r
 It has the following properties:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Each item has a particular bullet or symbol as its label.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
LyX uses the same symbol for all of the items in a given nesting level.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
The symbol appears at the beginning of the first line.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
The items can have any length.\r
 LyX automatically offsets the left margin of each item.\r
 The offset is always relative to whatever environment the \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 list may be in.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
If you nest an \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 environment inside another \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 environment, the label changes to a new symbol.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
There are four different symbols for up to a four-fold nesting.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
LyX always shows the same symbol on screen.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
See section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Nesting"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for a full explanation of nesting.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Of course, that explanation was also an example of an \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 list.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 environment is best suited for lists where the order doesn't matter.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We said that different levels use different symbols as their label.\r
 Here's an example of all four possible symbols.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
The label for the first level \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 is a large black dot, or bullet.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
The label for the second level is a dash.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
The label for the third is an asterisk.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
The label for the fourth is a centered dot.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Back out to the third level.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Back to the second level.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Back to the outermost level.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
These are the default labels for an \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 list.\r
 You can customize how these labels are displayed in the output in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog in the submenu \r
\family sans\r
Bullets\r
\family default\r
.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 These customizations are not displayed in LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Notice how the space between items decreases with increasing depth.\r
 We will explain nesting and all the tricks you can do with different depths\r
 in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Nesting"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
\r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Lists ! Enumerate\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Enumerate"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 environment is used to create numbered lists and outlines.\r
 It has these properties:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Each item has a numeral as its label.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
The label type depends on the nesting depth.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
LyX automatically counts the items for you and updates the label as appropriate.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Each new \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 environment resets the counter to one.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Like the \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 environment, the \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 environment:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Offsets the items relative to the left margin.\r
 Items can have any length.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Reduces the space between items as the nesting depth increases.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Uses different types of labels depending on the nesting depth.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Allows up to a four-fold nesting.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Unlike the \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 environment, \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 shows the different labels for each item in LyX.\r
 Here is how LyX labels the four different levels in an \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
The first level of an \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 uses Arabic numerals followed by a period.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
The second level uses lower case letters surrounded by parentheses.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
The third level uses lower-case Roman numerals followed by a period.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
The fourth level uses capital letters followed by a period.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Again, notice the decrease in the spacing between items as the nesting depth\r
 increases.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Back to the third level\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Back to the second level.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Back to the outermost level.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can customize the type of numbering used in the \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 environment, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Customized-Lists"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 Such customization only shows up in the printed version, not in LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There is more to nesting \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 environments than we've stated here.\r
 You should read section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Nesting"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to learn more about nesting.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
\r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Lists ! Description\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Unlike the previous two environments, the \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
 list has no fixed label.\r
 Instead, LyX uses the first \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
word\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the first line as the label.\r
 Here's an example:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Example: This is an example of the \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX typesets the label in boldface and puts extra space between it and the\r
 rest of the line.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
With the first \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
word\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 it is meant that the first usage of the \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 key ends the label if you are at the beginning of the first line of an\r
 item.\r
 If you need to use more than one word in a label use a \r
\family sans\r
Protected Space\r
\family default\r
.\r
 (Use either \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Protected\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space\r
\family default\r
; see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Protected-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for more information.) Here is an example:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Second\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Example: This one shows how to use a \r
\family sans\r
Protected\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 in the label of a \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
 list item.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Usage: You should use the \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
 environment for things like definitions and theorems.\r
 Use it when you need to make one word in particular stand out in the text\r
 that describes it.\r
 It's not a good idea to use a \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
 environment when you have an entire sentence that you want to describe.\r
 You're better off using \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 and nesting several \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 paragraphs into them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Nesting: You can nest \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
 environments inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and\r
 so on.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Notice that after the first line, LyX indents subsequent lines, offsetting\r
 them from the first line.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Labeling\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Lists ! Labeling\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Labeling\r
\family default\r
 environment is a LyX extension to LaTeX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Like the \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
 list the \r
\family sans\r
Labeling\r
\family default\r
 list has user-defined labels for each list item but it provides some additional\r
 features.\r
 Here are its properties:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
item\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
labels LyX uses the first \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
word\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of each line as the item label.\r
 The first \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 after the beginning of the first line of an item marks the end of the label.\r
 If you need to use more than one word in an item label, use a protected\r
 space as described above.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
margins As you can see, LyX uses different margins for the item label and\r
 the body of the item text.\r
 The body of the text has a larger left margin, which is equal to the default\r
 label width plus a little extra space.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
label\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
width LyX uses the width of the label, or the default width, whatever is\r
 larger.\r
 If the label width is larger, the label \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
extends\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 into the first line.\r
 In other words, the text of the first line isn't aligned with the left\r
 margin of the rest of the item text.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
default\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
width You can set the default label width to ensure that the text of all\r
 items in a \r
\family sans\r
Labeling\r
\family default\r
 environment has the same left margin.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
To change the default width, select all items in the list.\r
 Now open the \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Paragraph\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog (toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "layout-paragraph"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 The text in the box \r
\family sans\r
Longest\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
label\r
\family default\r
 determines the default label width.\r
 You can use the text of your largest label here, but you can also use the\r
 letter \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
M\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 multiple times instead.\r
 M is the widest character and is a standard unit of widths in LaTeX.\r
 By using \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
M\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 as the unit of width you don't need to keep changing the contents of \r
\family sans\r
Longest\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
label\r
\family default\r
 every time you alter a label in a \r
\family sans\r
List\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
The predefined default width is the length of \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
00.00.0000\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (equal to 6\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
M).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You should use the \r
\family sans\r
Labeling\r
\family default\r
 list the same way as the \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
 list: When you need one word to stand out from the text that describes\r
 it.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Labeling\r
\family default\r
 environment gives you another way to do this, using a different overall\r
 layout.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can nest \r
\family sans\r
Labeling\r
\family default\r
 lists inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and so on.\r
 They work just like the other list paragraph environments.\r
 Read section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Nesting"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to learn about nesting.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There is yet another feature of the \r
\family sans\r
Labeling\r
\family default\r
 list: As you can see in the examples, LyX left-justifies the item labels\r
 by default.\r
 You can use additional \r
\family sans\r
HFills\r
\family default\r
 to change how LyX justifies the item label.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Hfills\r
\family default\r
 are documented in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 Here are some examples:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
Left The default for \r
\family sans\r
Labeling\r
\family default\r
 item labels.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Right One \r
\family sans\r
HFill\r
\family default\r
 at the beginning of the label right justifies it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Center\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 One \r
\family sans\r
HFill\r
\family default\r
 at the beginning of the label and one at the end centers it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Customized Lists\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Customized-Lists"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Lists ! Customized\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The features described in this section require that the module \r
\family sans\r
Customisable Lists (enumitem)\r
\family default\r
 is loaded in the document settings.\r
 The module uses the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
enumitem\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! enumitem\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Custom Enumerate Lists\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Lists ! Enumerate ! Custom\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
The default numbering of numbered lists can be changed by adding an optional\r
 argument (menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Short Title\r
\family default\r
) to the first item of each level in the list.\r
 There you add the command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
label=\r
\backslash\r
roman{enumi}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
in TeX Code (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "ert-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
For more about TeX Code, look at section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:TeX-Code"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\emph on\r
 enumi\r
\emph default\r
 is hereby the first level counter of the enumeration.\r
 The command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
roman\r
\series default\r
 outputs the counter as a small Roman numeral.\r
 For capital Roman numerals replace \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
roman\r
\series default\r
 with \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
Roman\r
\series default\r
 in the command above.\r
 For Arabic numerals use \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
arabic\r
\series default\r
.\r
 To \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
number\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 items with capital or small Latin letters use \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
Alph\r
\series default\r
 or \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
alph\r
\series default\r
, respectively.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 You can only number 26\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
items with Latin letters, because this numbering is limited to single letters.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To change the numbering for the list sublevels, replace the 'i' in the command\r
 by the small Roman numeral of the level (enumi, enumii, enumiii, enumiv).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here is a list with custom numbering:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
label=\r
\backslash\r
#\r
\backslash\r
Alph{enumi}\r
\backslash\r
#\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Level 1\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
label=\r
\backslash\r
Alph{enumi}.\r
\backslash\r
arabic{enumii}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Level 2\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Level 2\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
label=\r
\backslash\r
bf{\r
\backslash\r
arabic{enumiii}}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Level 3\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
label=\r
\backslash\r
emph{\r
\backslash\r
roman{enumiv})}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Level 4\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\end_deeper\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For this list these commands were used:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
\r
\series bold\r
label=\r
\backslash\r
#\r
\backslash\r
Alph{enumi}\r
\backslash\r
#\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
label=\r
\backslash\r
Alph{enumi}.\r
\backslash\r
arabic{enumii}\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
label=\r
\backslash\r
bf{\r
\backslash\r
arabic{enumiii}}\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
label=\r
\backslash\r
emph{\r
\backslash\r
roman{enumiv})}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
where the command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
emph{}\r
\series default\r
 makes the label emphasized and \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
bf{}\r
\series default\r
 makes it bold.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 When you change the label of a list level, it will be used for all following\r
 lists until you change the definition.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Resumed Enumeration\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Lists ! Enumerate ! Resumed\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Enumerations can be resumed after intermediate paragraphs:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
label=\r
\backslash\r
arabic{enumi}.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
first\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
goes back to default numbering\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
second\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
regular text\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate-Resume\r
resumed\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To resume an enumeration, use the style \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate-Resume\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Its numbering appears in blue within LyX to indicate that it is a resumed\r
 list and that the numbering will not be correct in LyX, but in the output.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 If there is no previous enumeration to resume, you will get a LaTeX error.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Perhaps you might want to resume the list with a different number from the\r
 next one.\r
 Or you want to start a new enumeration with a defined number.\r
 This is possible by adding an optional argument to the first list item\r
 of a normal enumeration.\r
 There, insert the command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
start=number\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
where \r
\emph on\r
number\r
\emph default\r
 is the number with which you want to resume the list.\r
 An example:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
first item\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
second item\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Enumeration starting at a given value:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
start=4\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
This enumeration starts at 4\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
List Spacing\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Lists ! Spacing\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In some cases you might want less or more vertical space between the items\r
 of a list.\r
 For example if the default space is too much in your opinion in this case:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
A bullet list\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
with standard spacing \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can decrease the space by adding an optional argument to the first item\r
 of the list.\r
 Add there the command \r
\series bold\r
nolistsep\r
\series default\r
 to get no additional list space like in this example:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
nolistsep\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
A bullet list\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
without additional\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
vertical space\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To add space you can use several other commands provided by the LaTeX-package\r
 \r
\series bold\r
enumitem\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! enumitem\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 For more information see its documentation, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "enumitem"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are also many commands available to change the horizontal spacing\r
 and indentation.\r
 Here is an example where the indentation was changed to that of the paragraphs\r
 in the document and the label separation was set to 2\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
cm so that the number is in the page margin:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
labelindent=\r
\backslash\r
parindent, labelsep=2cm\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
An enumeration\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
with negative indentation\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Further Customization\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Lists ! Customization\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also change the style of description lists.\r
 The command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
font=definition\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
changes the description label font, the command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
style=definition\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
sets the list style.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
An example where the command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
font=\r
\backslash\r
itshape, style=nextline\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
is used:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Ionizing\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
radiation: \r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
labelindent=0pt, labelsep=1cm, font=\r
\backslash\r
itshape, style=nextline\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Ionizing radiation consists of particles or electromagnetic waves that are\r
 energetic enough to detach electrons from atoms or molecules, therefore\r
 ionizing them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Reference\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
counting: In computer science, reference counting is a technique of storing\r
 the number of references, pointers, or handles to a resource such as an\r
 object, block of memory, disk space or other resource.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are many more commands and features provided by the LaTeX-package\r
 \r
\series bold\r
enumitem\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! enumitem\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 For more information see its documentation \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "enumitem"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Letters\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Letters\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
\r
\family sans\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Address\r
\family default\r
: An Overview\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Although LyX has document classes for letters, we've also created two paragraph\r
 environments called \r
\family sans\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Address\r
\family default\r
.\r
 To use the letter class, you need to use specific paragraph environments\r
 in a specific order, otherwise LaTeX gags on the document.\r
 In contrast, you can use the \r
\family sans\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 paragraph environments anywhere with no problem.\r
 You can even nest them inside other environments, though you can't nest\r
 anything in them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Of course, you're not limited to using \r
\family sans\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 for letters only.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Address\r
\family default\r
, in particular, is useful for creating article titles like those used in\r
 some European academic papers.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Usage\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Address-Usage"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 environment formats text in the style of an address, which is also used\r
 for the opening and signature in some countries.\r
 Similarly, the \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 environment formats text in the style of a right-justified address, which\r
 is used for the sender's address and today's date in some countries.\r
 Here's an example of each:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Right Address\r
Right Address\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Who I am\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Where I am\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
When is it? What is today?\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
That was \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Address\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Notice that the lines all have the same left margin, which LyX sets to\r
 fit the largest block of text on a single line.\r
 Here's an example of the \r
\family sans\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 environment:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Address\r
Who are you\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Where do I send this\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Your post office and country\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
As you can see, both \r
\family sans\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 add extra space between themselves and the next paragraph.\r
 If you enter \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
 in either of these environments, LyX resets the nesting depth and sets\r
 the environment to \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
.\r
 This makes sense, since \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
 is the \r
\family typewriter\r
break-paragraph\r
\family default\r
 function, and the individual lines of an address are not paragraphs.\r
 Thus, you have to use \r
\family typewriter\r
break-line\r
\family default\r
 (\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Ragged\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Line\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Break\r
\family default\r
) to start a new line in an \r
\family sans\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Academic Writing\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Most academic writing begins with an abstract and ends with a bibliography\r
 or list of references.\r
 LyX contains paragraph environments for both of these.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
\r
\family sans\r
Abstract\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Abstracts\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Abstract\r
\family default\r
 environment is used for the abstract of an article.\r
 Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should\r
 only use it at the beginning of the document, after the title.\r
 Also, don't bother trying to nest \r
\family sans\r
Abstract\r
\family default\r
 in anything else or \r
\emph on\r
vice versa\r
\emph default\r
.\r
 It will not work.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Abstract\r
\family default\r
 environment is only useful in the article and report document classes.\r
 The book document classes ignores the \r
\family sans\r
Abstract\r
\family default\r
 completely, and it's utterly silly to use \r
\family sans\r
Abstract\r
\family default\r
 in a letter document class.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Abstract\r
\family default\r
 environment does several things for you.\r
 First, it puts the centered label \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Abstract\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 above the text.\r
 The label and the text of the abstract are separated by some extra vertical\r
 space.\r
 Second, it typesets everything in a smaller font, just as you'd expect.\r
 Lastly, it adds a bit of extra vertical space between the abstract and\r
 the subsequent text.\r
 Well, that's how it will appear on the LyX screen.\r
 The actual appearance in the output depends on the document class you are\r
 using.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Starting a new paragraph by entering \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
 does not reset the paragraph environment.\r
 The new paragraph will still be in the \r
\family sans\r
Abstract\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
 So, you will have to change the paragraph environment yourself when you\r
 finish entering the abstract of your document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float figure\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/Abstract.pdf\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Caption Standard\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "fig:Paragraph-in-the"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Paragraph in the \r
\family sans\r
Abstract\r
\family default\r
 environment\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We would love to demonstrate the \r
\family sans\r
Abstract\r
\family default\r
 environment, but since this document is in the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
book\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 class, we can't do this.\r
 We inserted it therefore as figure\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "fig:Paragraph-in-the"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 If you have never heard of an \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
abstract\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 before, you can safely ignore this environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
\r
\family sans\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Bibliography\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Biblio_environment"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
 environment is used to list references.\r
 Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should\r
 only use it at the end of the document.\r
 Nesting \r
\family sans\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
 in anything else or \r
\emph on\r
vice versa\r
\emph default\r
 will not work.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
When you first open a \r
\family sans\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
 environment, LyX adds a large vertical space, followed by the heading \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Bibliography\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
References,\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 depending on the document class.\r
 The heading is in a large boldface font.\r
 Each paragraph of the \r
\family sans\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
 environment is a bibliography entry.\r
 Thus, entering \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
 does not reset the paragraph environment.\r
 Each new paragraph is still in the \r
\family sans\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There is another, usually better way to include references in your document\r
 by using a BibTeX database.\r
 For more information on that, and for a detailed description of LyX's bibliogra\r
phy handling, have a look at section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Bibliography"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
LyX\r
\family sans\r
-Code\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paragraph ! LyX code\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:LyX-Code"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
LyX-Code\r
\family default\r
 environment is another LyX extension.\r
 It type-sets text in a typewriter-style font.\r
 It also treats the \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 key as a fixed whitespace;\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
In the \r
\family sans\r
LyX-Code\r
\family default\r
 environment, the \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 key is treated as a \r
\family sans\r
Protected\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Blank\r
\family default\r
 instead of an end-of-word marker.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 this is the only case in which you can type multiple whitespaces in LyX.\r
 If you need to insert blank lines, you will still need to use \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (the \r
\family typewriter\r
break-line\r
\family default\r
 function).\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
 breaks paragraphs.\r
 Note, however, that \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
 does not reset the paragraph environment.\r
 So, when you finish using the \r
\family sans\r
LyX-Code\r
\family default\r
 environment, you will need to change the paragraph environment yourself.\r
 Also, you can nest the \r
\family sans\r
LyX-Code\r
\family default\r
 environment inside of others.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are a few quirks with this environment:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
You cannot use \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 at the beginning of a new paragraph (i.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
e.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
you can't follow \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
 with a \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
You can't follow a \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 with a \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Use a \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
 to begin a new paragraph, then you can use a \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Or: use \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 instead.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
You can't have an empty paragraph or an empty line.\r
 You must put at least one \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 in any line you want blank.\r
 Otherwise, LaTeX generates errors.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
You cannot get the typewriter double quotes by typing \r
\family sans\r
"\r
\family default\r
 since that will insert \r
\emph on\r
real\r
\emph default\r
 quotes.\r
 You get the typewriter double quotes with \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "self-insert \""\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here is an example:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout LyX-Code\r
#include <stdio.h>\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout LyX-Code\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout LyX-Code\r
int main(void)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout LyX-Code\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout LyX-Code\r
    printf("Hello World!\r
\backslash\r
n");\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout LyX-Code\r
    return 0;\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout LyX-Code\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This is just the standard \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Hello world!\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 program.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
LyX-Code\r
\family default\r
 has one purpose: to typeset code, such as program source, shell scripts,\r
 rc-files, and so on.\r
 Use it only in those very special cases where you need to generate text\r
 as if you used a typewriter.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paragraph environments|)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 For longer parts of programming code, use the listings inset that is described\r
 in the chapter \r
\emph on\r
Program Code Listings\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Nesting Environments\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Nesting ! Environments\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Nesting"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Introduction\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX treats text as a unified block with a particular context and specific\r
 properties.\r
 This allows you to create blocks that inherit some of the properties of\r
 another block.\r
 For example you have three main points in an outline, but point #2 also\r
 has two subpoints.\r
 In other words, you have a list inside of another list, with the inner\r
 list \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
attached\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to item #2:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
one\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
two\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
sublist – item #1\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
sublist – item #2\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
three\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You put a list inside a list by nesting one list inside the other.\r
 Nesting an environment is quite simple: Select \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Increase\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
List\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Depth\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Decrease\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
List\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Depth\r
\family default\r
 to change the nesting depth (the status bar will tell you how far you are\r
 nested).\r
 Instead of the menu, you can also use the toolbar buttons \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "depth-decrement"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or the key bindings \r
\family sans\r
Tab\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Shift+Tab\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-decrement"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The change will work on the current selection, if you have made one (allowing\r
 you to change the nesting of several paragraphs at once), or the current\r
 paragraph.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Note that LyX only changes the nesting depth if it can.\r
 If it is invalid to do so, nothing happens if you try to change the depth.\r
 Additionally, if you change the depth of one paragraph, it affects the\r
 depth of every paragraph nested inside of it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Nesting isn't limited to lists.\r
 In LyX, you can nest just about anything inside anything else, as you're\r
 about to find out.\r
 This is the real power of nesting paragraph environments.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
What You Can and Can't Nest\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Before we fire a list of paragraph environments at you, we need to tell\r
 you a little bit more about how nesting works.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The question of nesting a paragraph environment is a bit more complicated\r
 than a simple yes or no.\r
 There are three types of paragraph environments:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Completely unnestable\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Fully nestable, you can nest them inside things and you can also nest other\r
 things inside them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
A third type, you can nest them into other environments, but you can't nest\r
 anything into them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here's a list of the three types of nesting behavior, and which paragraph\r
 environments have them:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Unnestable Can't nest them.\r
 Can't nest into them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Bibliography\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Abstract\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Title\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Author\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Date\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Fully\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Nestable You can nest them.\r
 You can nest other things into them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Verse\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
List\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
LyX-Code\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Nestable-Inside You can nest them inside other things.\r
 You can't nest anything into them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Part\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Chapter\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Section\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Subsection\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Subsubsection\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Paragraph\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Subparagraph\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Part*\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Chapter*\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Section*\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Subsection*\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Subsubsection*\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Address\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Address\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 Although it is possible, for example, to nest numbered section headings\r
 like \r
\family sans\r
Chapter\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Section\r
\family default\r
, etc.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
into lists, it is highly recommended not to do this because the aim is to\r
 create well-structured documents following typesetting guidelines whereas\r
 nested section headings violate this.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Nesting Other Things: Tables, Math, Floats, etc.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Nesting ! Tables etc.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are several things that aren't paragraph environments, but which are\r
 affected by nesting anyhow.\r
 They are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
equations\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
tables\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
figures\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
(\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 Figures and tables in \r
\family sans\r
Floats\r
\family default\r
 are not affected by this.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Have a look at section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Floats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for more information about \r
\family sans\r
Floats\r
\family default\r
.)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX can treat these three objects as either a word or as a paragraph.\r
 If a figure, table, or an equation is inline, it goes wherever the paragraph\r
 it is in goes.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
On the other hand, if you have an equation, figure or table in a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
paragraph\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of its own, it behaves just like a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
nestable-inside\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 paragraph environment.\r
 You can nest it into any environment, but you obviously can't nest anything\r
 into it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here's an example with a table:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Item One\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
This is (a) and it's nested.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
a\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
b\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
c\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
d\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
This is (b).\r
 The table is actually nested inside (a).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Back out again.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If we hadn't nested the table at all, the list would look like this:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Item One\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
This is (a) and it's nested.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
a\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
b\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
c\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
d\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
This is (b).\r
 The table is \r
\emph on\r
not\r
\emph default\r
 nested inside (a).\r
 In fact, it's not nested at all.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Back out again.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Notice how item (b) is not only no longer nested, but is also the first\r
 item of a new list!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There's another trap you can fall into: Nesting the table, but not going\r
 deep enough.\r
 LyX then turns anything after the table into a new sublist.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Item One\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
This is (a) and it's nested.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
a\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
b\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
c\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
d\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
This is (b).\r
 The table is actually nested inside Item One, but \r
\emph on\r
not\r
\emph default\r
 inside (a).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Back out again.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
As you can see, item (b) turned into the first item of a new list, but a\r
 new list \r
\emph on\r
inside\r
\emph default\r
 item 1.\r
 The same thing would have happened to a figure or an equation.\r
 So, if you nest tables, figures or equations, make sure you go to the right\r
 depth!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Usage and General Features\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Speaking of levels, LyX can perform up to a six-fold nesting.\r
 In other words, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
level #6\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is the innermost possible depth.\r
 Here's an example to illustrate what we mean:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
level #1 – outermost\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
level #2\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
level #3\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
level #4\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
level #5\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
level #6\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\end_deeper\r
\end_deeper\r
\end_deeper\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are two exceptions to the six-fold nesting limit, and you can see\r
 both of them in the example.\r
 Unlike the other fully-nestable environments, you can only perform a four-fold\r
 nesting with the \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 environments.\r
 For example, if we tried to nest another \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 list inside item \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
A.\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, we would get errors.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Some Examples\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Nesting ! Examples\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The best way to explain just what you can do with nesting is by illustration.\r
 We have several examples of nested environments.\r
 In them, we explain how we created the example, so that you can reproduce\r
 them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Example 1: The Six-fold Way and Mixed Nesting\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring MMM\r
#1-a This is the outermost level.\r
 It's a \r
\family sans\r
List\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring MMM\r
#2-a This is level #2.\r
 We created it by using \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 followed by \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring MMM\r
#3-a This is level #3.\r
 This time, we just enter \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
, then used \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 twice in a row.\r
 We could have also created it the same way as we did the previous level,\r
 by entering \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 followed by \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This is actually a \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 environment, nested inside of \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
#3-a\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 So, it's at level #4.\r
 We did this by entering \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, then \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, then changing the paragraph environment to \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Do this to create list items with more than one paragraph — it also works\r
 for the \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
, and \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 environments!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here's another \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 paragraph, also at level #4, made with just a \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring MMM\r
#4-a This is level #4.\r
 We enter \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and changed the paragraph environment back to \r
\family sans\r
List\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Remember — we can't nest anything inside a \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 environment, which is why we're still at level #4.\r
 However, we \r
\emph on\r
can\r
\emph default\r
 keep nesting things inside \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
#3-a\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring MMM\r
#5-a This is level #5\SpecialChar \ldots{}\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring MMM\r
#6-a \SpecialChar \ldots{}\r
and this is level #6.\r
 By now, you should know how we made these two.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring MMM\r
#5-b Back to level #5.\r
 Just enter \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 followed by a \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-decrement"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring MMM\r
#4-b After another \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 followed by a \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-decrement"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, we're back at level #4.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring MMM\r
#3-b Back to level #3.\r
 By now it should be obvious how we did this.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring MMM\r
#2-b Back to level #2.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring MMM\r
#1-b And last, back to the outermost level, #1.\r
 After this sentence, we will enter \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
 and change the paragraph environment back to \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 to end the list.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We could have also used the \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
, or even the \r
\family sans\r
Verse\r
\family default\r
 environment in place of the \r
\family sans\r
List\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
 The example would have worked exactly the same.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Example 2: Inheritance\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout LyX-Code\r
This is the LyX-Code environment, at level #1, the outermost\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout LyX-Code\r
level.\r
  Now we will enter \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
, then \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, after\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
which, we will change to the \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
This is the \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 environment, at level #2.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Notice how the nested \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 not only inherits its margins from its parent environment (\r
\family sans\r
LyX-Code\r
\family default\r
), but also inherits its font and spacing!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We ended this example by entering \r
\family sans\r
Return\r
\family default\r
.\r
 After that, we needed to reset the paragraph environment to \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
 and reset the nesting depth by using \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-decrement"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 once.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Example 3: Labels, Levels, and the \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 Environments\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Example #3: Labels, Levels and other list environments\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
This is level #1, in an \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 paragraph environment.\r
 We're actually going to nest a bunch of these.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
This is level #2.\r
 We used \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 followed by \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 Now, what happens if we nest an \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 environment inside of this one? It will be at level #3, but what will its\r
 label be? An asterisk?\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
No! It's a bullet.\r
 This is the \r
\emph on\r
first\r
\emph default\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 environment, even though it's at level #3.\r
 So, its label is a bullet.\r
 (We got here by using \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, then \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, then changing the environment to \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
.)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Here's level #4, produced using \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, then \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 We will do that again\SpecialChar \ldots{}\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\SpecialChar \ldots{}\r
to get to level #5.\r
 This time, however, we also changed the paragraph environment back to \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Notice the type of numbering, it is \r
\emph on\r
lowercase Roman\r
\emph default\r
, because we are in the \r
\emph on\r
thirdfold\r
\emph default\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 environment (that is, it is an \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 inside an \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 inside an \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
What happens if we \r
\emph on\r
don't\r
\emph default\r
 change the paragraph environment, but decrease the nesting depth? What\r
 type of numbering does LyX use?\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Oh, as if you couldn't guess by now, we're just using \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to keep the current environment and depth but create a new item.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Let's use \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-decrement"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to decrease the depth after the next \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
This is level #4.\r
 Look what type of label LyX is using!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
This is level #3.\r
 Even though we've changed levels, LyX is still using a lowercase Roman\r
 numeral as the label.Why?\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Because, even though the nesting depth has changed, the paragraph is \r
\emph on\r
still\r
\emph default\r
 a thirdfold \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
 Notice, however, that LyX \r
\emph on\r
did\r
\emph default\r
 reset the counter for the label.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Another \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-decrement"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 sequence, and we're back to level #2.\r
 This time, we not only changed the nesting depth, but we also moved back\r
 into the twofold-nested \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
The same thing happens if we do another \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-decrement"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 sequence and return to level #1, the outermost level.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Lastly, we reset the environment to \r
\family sans\r
Standard\r
\family default\r
.\r
 As you can see, the level number doesn't correspond to what type of labeling\r
 LyX uses for the \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 environments.\r
 The number of other \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 environments surrounding it determines what kind of label LyX uses for\r
 an \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 item.\r
 The same rule applies for the \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 environment, as well.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Example 4: Going Bonkers\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
We're going to go totally nuts now.\r
 We will not nest as deep as in the other examples, nor will we go into\r
 the same detail with how we did it.\r
 (level #1: \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
(\r
\family sans\r
Return, \r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
, Standard\r
\family default\r
: level #2) We will stick an encapsulated description of how we created\r
 the example in parentheses someplace.\r
 For example, the two key bindings are how we changed the depth.\r
 The environment name is the name of the current environment.\r
 Either before or after this, we will put in the level.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
(\r
\family sans\r
Return, Enumerate\r
\family default\r
: level #1) This is the next item in the list.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Verse\r
Now we will add verse.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
It will get much worse.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(\r
\family sans\r
Return, \r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
, Verse\r
\family default\r
: level #2)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Verse\r
Fiddle dee, Fiddle doo.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Bippitey boppitey boo!\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Verse\r
Here comes a table:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
one-fish\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
two-fish\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
red-fish\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
blue-fish\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Verse\r
(\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
, Table, \r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 3 times, \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
, Verse, \r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "depth-decrement"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
(\r
\family sans\r
Return, Enumerate\r
\family default\r
: level #1) This is another item.\r
 Note that selecting a \r
\family sans\r
Table\r
\family default\r
 resets the nesting depth to level #1, so we increased the nesting depth\r
 3 times to put the table inside the \r
\family sans\r
Verse\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quotation\r
We're now ending the \r
\family sans\r
Enumerate\r
\family default\r
 list and changing to \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
.\r
 We're still at level #1.\r
 We want to show you some of the things you can do by mixing environments.\r
 The next set of paragraphs is a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
quoted letter.\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 We will nest both the \r
\family sans\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 environments inside of this one, then use another nested \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
 for the letter body.\r
 We will use \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph inverse"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to preserve the depth.\r
 Remember that you need to use \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to create multiple lines inside the \r
\family sans\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Address\r
\family default\r
 environments.\r
 Here it goes:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Right Address\r
1234 Nowhere Rd.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Moosegroin, MT 00100\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
9-6-96\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Address\r
Dear Mr.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Fizlewitz:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quotation\r
We regret to inform you that we cannot fill your order for 50\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
L of compressed methane gas due to circumstances beyond our control.\r
 Unfortunately, several of our cows have mysteriously exploded, creating\r
 a backlog in our orders for methane.\r
 We will place your name on the waiting list and try to fill your order\r
 as soon as possible.\r
 In the meantime, we thank you for your patience.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quotation\r
We do, however, now have a special on beef.\r
 If you are interested, please return the enclosed pricing and order form\r
 with your order, along with payment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quotation\r
We thank you again for your patience.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Address\r
Sincerely,\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Bill Hick\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Quotation\r
That ends that example!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
As you can see, nesting environments in LyX gives you a lot of power with\r
 just a few keystrokes.\r
 We could have easily nested an \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 list inside of a \r
\family sans\r
Quotation\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\family default\r
, or put a \r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\family default\r
 inside of an \r
\family sans\r
Itemize\r
\family default\r
 list.\r
 You have a huge variety of options at your disposal.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Spacing, pagination and line breaks\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Spacing\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
What is a space? While you might be used to pressing the space key anytime\r
 you want to separate two words in ordinary word processors, LyX offers\r
 you more spaces: spaces of different widths and spaces which can or cannot\r
 be broken at the end of a line.\r
 The following sections will show you some examples where those spaces are\r
 useful.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Protected Space\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Protected-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Spaces ! Protected\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The protected space: It is used to tell LyX (and LaTeX) not to break the\r
 line at that point.\r
 This may be necessary to avoid unlucky line breaks, like in: \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quote\r
Further documentation is given in section\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Bibliography"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected space between \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
section\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Bibliography"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 A protected space is set with \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Protected\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Horizontal Space\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Horizontal-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Spacing ! Horizontal\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
All horizontal spaces can be inserted with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Horizontal Space\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The length units are listed in Appendix\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "chap:Units-available-in"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Inter-word Space\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Inter-word-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Spaces ! Inter-word\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
With the introduction of typewriters, it became conventional in some countries\r
 to type two spaces after a period to mimic the wider spaces used by typesetters\r
 at the ends of sentences.\r
 There is no need to do this as LyX automatically takes care about this.\r
 However, you do not want an end of sentence space after an abbreviation\r
 followed by a period; see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Abbreviations"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for examples.\r
 To insert a normal space, select \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Interword\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "space-insert normal"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Thin Space\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Thin-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Spaces ! Thin\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
thin space\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is a blank which has half the size of a normal space (and it is also \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
protected\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 The typographical conventions in a lot of languages propose the use of\r
 thin spaces in cases where normal spaces would be too wide, for instance,\r
 inside abbreviations:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quote\r
D.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
E.\r
 Knuth has developed our beloved typesetting program.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
or between values and units.\r
 Compare for example this:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
10\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
kg (thin space)\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
10 kg (normal space\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can insert thin spaces with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Thin\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "space-insert thin"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
More Spaces\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also insert the following space types:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Negative\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
thin\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
space A line with a \r
\begin_inset Formula $\to$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space \negthinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\gets$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 negative thin space between the arrows.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Enspace\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(0.5\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em) A line with an \r
\begin_inset Formula $\to$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space \enskip{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\gets$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 enspace\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(0.5\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em) space between the arrows.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Quad\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(1\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em) A line with a \r
\begin_inset Formula $\to$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space \quad{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\gets$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Quad\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(1\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em) space between the arrows.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
QQuad\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(2\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em) A line with a \r
\begin_inset Formula $\to$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space \qquad{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\gets$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 QQuad\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(2\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em) space between the arrows.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Custom\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
space A line with\r
\begin_inset Formula $\to$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space \hspace{}\r
\length 2cm\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\gets$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 2\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
cm space between the arrows.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Table\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "tab:Width-of-the"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 lists the different space sizes.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float table\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Caption\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "tab:Width-of-the"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Width of the different horizontal spaces.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Space\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Width\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Normal\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
1/3\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Protected\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
1/3\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Thin\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
1/6\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Negative thin\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
-1/6\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Enspace (0.5\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
0.5\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Quad (1\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
1\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
QQuad (2\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
2\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
\r
\family sans\r
Horizontal Fills\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Spacing ! Fills\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Horizontal fills (HFills) are a special LyX feature for adding extra space\r
 in a uniform fashion.\r
 An HFill is actually a variable length space, whose length always equals\r
 the remaining space between the left and right margins.\r
 If there is more than one HFill on a line, they divide the available space\r
 equally between themselves.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here are a few examples of what you can do with them:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quote\r
\noindent\r
This is on the left side\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
This is on the right\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quote\r
\noindent\r
Left\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Middle\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Right\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quote\r
\noindent\r
Left\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1/3 Left\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Right\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
That was an example in the \r
\family sans\r
Quote\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
 Here\r
\begin_inset Formula $\to$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\gets$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
is one in a standard paragraph.\r
 It may or may not be apparent in the printed text, but it \r
\emph on\r
is\r
\emph default\r
 sitting in-between the two arrows.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
HFills can be made visible when you choose one of the \r
\family sans\r
Fill\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Pattern\r
\family default\r
s in the space dialog: The following patterns are available:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Dots: \r
\begin_inset space \dotfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Rule: \r
\begin_inset space \hrulefill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Left arrow: \r
\begin_inset space \leftarrowfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Right arrow: \r
\begin_inset space \rightarrowfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Up brace: \r
\begin_inset space \downbracefill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Down brace: \r
\begin_inset space \upbracefill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 If an HFill is at the beginning of a line, and \r
\emph on\r
not\r
\emph default\r
 in the first line in a paragraph, LyX ignores it.\r
 This prevents HFills from accidentally being wrapped onto a new line.\r
 If you need space in this case anyway, set the \r
\family sans\r
Protect\r
\family default\r
 option in the space dialog.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Phantom Space\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Phantom-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Spacing ! Phantom\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Sometimes you want to insert space with exactly the length of a phrase.\r
 For example, you want to create the following multiple choice question:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace medskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
What is correct English?:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Mr.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Edge would have been jumps the gun.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Mr.\r
 Edge \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
has to be jumped\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Mr.\r
 Edge \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
jumps\r
\begin_inset VSpace medskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
so that the choices appear exactly after the phrase \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Mr.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Edge\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 To get this, you can use the phantom insets available via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Phantom\r
\family default\r
.\r
 In our case insert a horizontal phantom at the beginning of the last two\r
 lines and insert \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Mr.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Edge\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 into the phantom inset (note the space after \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Edge\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 A phantom insets prints only the space of its content (like a placeholder).\r
 That is why it is named \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
phantom\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The normal phantom outputs the width and height of the content as space,\r
 while the horizontal and vertical variant only outputs the corresponding\r
 dimension.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Vertical Space\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Vertical-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Spacing ! Vertical\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To add extra vertical space above or below a paragraph, use the \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Vertical\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 dialog.\r
 There you find the following sizes:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
SmallSkip\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
MedSkip\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
BigSkip\r
\family default\r
 are LaTeX sizes which depend on the font size of the document.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
DefSkip\r
\family default\r
 is the skip adjusted in the dialog \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Layout\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for the paragraph separation.\r
 If you use indentation to separate paragraphs \r
\family sans\r
DefSkip\r
\family default\r
 is equal to \r
\family sans\r
MedSkip\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
VFill\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Spacing ! Fills\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is a variable space, set so that the space is maximal within one page.\r
 An example: you have only two short paragraphs on one page with a \r
\family sans\r
Vfill\r
\family default\r
 between them.\r
 Then the first paragraph is placed at the top of the page and the second\r
 one at the bottom, because the space between them is then maximal.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
VFill\r
\family default\r
s work like \r
\family sans\r
HFill\r
\family default\r
s: they fill the remaining vertical space on a page with blank space.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
HFill\r
\family default\r
s are described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 If there are several \r
\family sans\r
VFill\r
\family default\r
s on a page, they divide the remaining vertical space equally between themselves.\r
 You can therefore use \r
\family sans\r
VFill\r
\family default\r
s to center text on a page, or even place text 2/3 down a page.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
Custom\r
\family default\r
 are custom spaces in units explained in Appendix\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "chap:Units-available-in"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 \r
\series medium\r
If the extra vertical space would be in the output at the top/bottom of\r
 a page, the space is only added if you have also checked the option \r
\family sans\r
Protect\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Paragraph Alignment\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paragraph ! Alignment\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can change the paragraph alignment with the \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Paragraph Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog (toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "layout-paragraph"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 There are five possibilities: \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Justified\r
\family default\r
 (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "paragraph-params \\align block"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Left\r
\family default\r
 (\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "paragraph-params \\align left"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Right\r
\family default\r
 (\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "paragraph-params \\align right"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Center\r
\family default\r
 (\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "paragraph-params \\align center"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Default\r
\family default\r
 (\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "paragraph-params \\align default"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The default in most cases is justified alignment, in which the inter-word\r
 spacing is variable and each line of a paragraph fills the region between\r
 the left and right margins.\r
 The other three alignments should be self-explanatory, and look like this:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align right\r
This paragraph is right aligned,\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align center\r
this one is centered,\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align left\r
this one is left aligned.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Forced Page Breaks\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Page breaks ! Forced\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Forced-Page-Breaks"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you don't like the way LaTeX does the page breaks in your document, you\r
 can force a page break where you want one.\r
 Normally this will not be necessary, because LaTeX is good at page breaking.\r
 Only if you use a lot of \r
\family sans\r
Floats\r
\family default\r
, LaTeX's page breaking algorithm can fail.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We recommend you not to use forced page breaks until the text is finished\r
 and you have checked in the preview to see if you \r
\emph on\r
really\r
\emph default\r
 have to change the page breaking.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are two types of page breaks: One that ends the page without any special\r
 action.\r
 This can be inserted above or below a paragraph via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
New\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Page\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The second type, that is inserted via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Break\r
\family default\r
, ends a page but stretches the content of the page, so that it fills out\r
 the complete page.\r
 This type is useful to avoid whitespace when a page break produces a page\r
 on which only the last few lines are absent.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You might try to use a page break to ensure that a figure or table appears\r
 at the top of a page.\r
 This is, of course, the wrong way to do it.\r
 LyX gives you a way of automatically ensuring that your figures and tables\r
 appear at the top of a page (or the bottom, or on their own page) without\r
 having to worry about what precedes or follows your figure or table.\r
 See chapter \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "chap:Floats-and-Notes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to learn more about \r
\family sans\r
Floats\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Clear Page Breaks\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Clear-Page-Breaks"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Page breaks ! Clear\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Rather than forced page breaks where the content behind the break is placed\r
 directly on the next page, you can also clear pages while breaking them.\r
 That means that the current paragraph is terminated and everything, including\r
 unprocessed floats, from the earlier part of the document are placed after\r
 it, if necessary by adding pages.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can insert a clear page break with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Clear\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Page\r
\family default\r
.\r
 When you have a two-sided document like a book, you can use the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Clear\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Double\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Page\r
\family default\r
 to insert a clear page break that assures that the next page is a right-hand\r
 page (odd-numbered), if necessary by adding a page.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Forced Line Breaks\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Line breaks\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Forced-Line-Breaks"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Similar to page breaks there are two types of line breaks: one simply breaks\r
 the line.\r
 You can force this line break within a paragraph by selecting \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Ragged\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Line\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Break\r
\family default\r
 or with \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 Another type that is inserted via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Justified\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Line\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Break\r
\family default\r
 or with \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert linebreak"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 breaks the line and stretches it so that it fills out the whole space between\r
 the page margins.\r
 This is useful to avoid \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
fringes\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in justified paragraphs due to possible whitespace introduced by line breaks.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You shouldn't use forced line breaks to correct LaTeX's line breaking, as\r
 LaTeX is very good at line breaking.\r
 There are, however, a number of situations where it is necessaryactively\r
 to set a line break, for example, in a poem or for an address (see sections\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Quote"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Verse"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Address-Usage"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Horizontal Lines\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Horizontal-Lines"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Horizontal lines\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
\begin_inset CommandInset line\r
LatexCommand rule\r
offset "0.5ex"\r
width "100line%"\r
height "1pt"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
In the dialog \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Horizontal\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Line\r
\family default\r
 you can insert horizontal lines.\r
 The line offset is the vertical distance between the line and the baseline\r
 of the current text line or the paragraph.\r
 The line settings can be changed by left-clicking on the line.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
\begin_inset CommandInset line\r
LatexCommand rule\r
offset "0.5ex"\r
width "100line%"\r
height "1pt"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Characters and Symbols\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can directly enter all characters that are available on your keyboard.\r
 You can also use special keyboard maps to be able to enter, for example,\r
 characters needed for French with an English keyboard.\r
 See section\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Keyboard-mapping"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for information on how this is done.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For the case where you need a character that is not on your keyboard, you\r
 can use the \r
\family sans\r
Symbols\r
\family default\r
 dialog via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Special Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Symbols\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 Maybe not all symbols inserted with the symbols dialog can be displayed\r
 when you are using a special screen font in LyX's preferences.\r
 But the inserted symbols will in every case be displayed in the output.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Fonts and Text Styles\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Fonts-and-Text"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Font Types\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Font ! Types\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are two types of fonts:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Vector\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
fonts\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Fonts ! Vector-\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 are built from outlines of the single glyphs (e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
 characters) in the font.\r
 This means that each glyph is defined using mathematical curves that are\r
 well suited for scaling to any requested size.\r
 This mathematical definition is interpreted by the font renderer and the\r
 curve is filled out with pixels according to the size and glyph.\r
 This means that vector fonts will look pretty good in all sizes.\r
 Only at very small sizes where each pixel has to be very carefully computed\r
 to provide a good image might it be hard to provide a good rendering.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
That could mean that one only needs to define one font size and scale them.\r
 But to achieve a better quality, many fonts define several font sizes.\r
 That improves the appearance because you need more details at large font\r
 sizes than at small ones.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
The font types \r
\family typewriter\r
TrueType\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family typewriter\r
OpenType\r
\family default\r
, and \r
\family typewriter\r
Type\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1\r
\family default\r
 are vector fonts.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Bitmap\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
fonts\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Fonts ! Bitmap-\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 on the other hand, are defined by bitmap graphics from the start; so they\r
 will look good at all the sizes they are meant for.\r
 However, they don't scale well, because in order to scale a glyph, each\r
 pixel is enlarged into several pixels.\r
 It is the same effect that happens if you try to enlarge a picture in an\r
 image manipulation program.\r
 In order to mitigate this effect, bitmap fonts are typically provided in\r
 several fixed sizes typically from around 8\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
pixels high up to 34\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
pixels or so high in steps according to what is believed to be useful.\r
 The advantage of bitmap fonts is that no complicated computations are necessary\r
 to display each glyph; so bitmap fonts display therefore more quickly than\r
 scalable fonts.\r
 The disadvantage is that sizes that don't exist as fixed versions have\r
 to be scaled by doubling pixels, and thus look bad.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Bitmap fonts are named \r
\family typewriter\r
Type\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
3\r
\family default\r
 in PostScript- and PDF-documents.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The result of all this is that bitmap fonts are best for the size they are\r
 designed for, while scalable fonts are good for nearly all sizes.\r
 So one needs fewer font size definitions for scalable fonts.\r
 That's the reason why nearly all text rendering and typesetting programs\r
 use scalable fonts.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To see which fonts are used in a PDF-document, look at its document properties.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards\r
 specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.\r
 For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current\r
 font to emphasize text, you use an \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
emphasized style\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 instead.\r
 This concept fits in perfectly with LyX.\r
 In LyX, you do things based on contexts, rather than focusing on typesetting\r
 details.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
LaTeX font support\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:LaTeX-font-support"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Traditionally, LaTeX used its own fonts.\r
 That is to say, you cannot directly access the fonts installed on your\r
 operating system, but you have to use specific fonts provided by your LaTeX\r
 distribution.\r
 The reason is that LaTeX needs some extra information about the fonts,\r
 which have to be provided by additional files and packages.\r
 The downside of this is that your font choice is somewhat limited compared\r
 to a word processor.\r
 On the other hand this comes with the advantage that the provided fonts\r
 are generally of very good quality, and that LaTeX files are very portable\r
 across different machines.\r
 Also, the range of fonts supported by traditional LaTeX has increased a\r
 lot in the meantime; so you can find packages for many free and commercial\r
 fonts.\r
 In LyX, only a subset of these are directly selectable via the user interface\r
 (see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Document-Font"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for details).\r
 However, all the others are available if you enter the relevant LaTeX code\r
 in the document preamble (please refer to the documentation of your desired\r
 font).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Recent developments brought some new LaTeX engines that are also able directly\r
 to access fonts that are installed for your operating system, namely XeTeX\r
 and LuaTeX.\r
 Both engines are supported by LyX.\r
 By using them, you can theoretically use any OpenType or TrueType font\r
 that is installed on your system.\r
 The next section describes how to use these fonts.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 In practice, some fonts might fail due to bad metrics and other font deficienci\r
es; so you might have to experiment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 XeTeX and especially LuaTeX, are still rather new and thus not as mature\r
 as traditional LaTeX or PDFTeX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Document Font and Font size\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Document-Font"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Font ! Size\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Font\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can set the document fonts in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 dialog.\r
 In the \r
\family sans\r
Fonts\r
\family default\r
 section of the dialog, you can specify which font should be used for the\r
 three different font shapes — roman (serif), \r
\family sans\r
sans\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
serif\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family typewriter\r
typewriter\r
\family default\r
 (monospaced) — and you can specify the base font size and scaling factors\r
 for (some) sans serif and typewriter fonts if this is necessary to fit\r
 with the roman font.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you select \r
\family sans\r
Use non-T\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX fonts\r
\family default\r
, you will have access to the fonts installed on your operating system.\r
 This requires that you use \r
\family sans\r
PDF (XeT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX)\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
PDF (LuaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX)\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
DVI (LuaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX)\r
\family default\r
 as the output format, i.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
e.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
you will have to have either XeTeX or LuaTeX installed (see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LaTeX-font-support"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 You will then not have access to TeX's own fonts.\r
 Note that LyX then lists all available fonts in each of the three lists\r
 (roman, sans\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
serif, and typewriter), since LyX cannot determine the family.\r
 Also note that the output might fail with some of the listed fonts, due\r
 to the encoding of the fonts and\SpecialChar \slash{}\r
or font failures.\r
 LyX cannot determine this in advance, so you might need to experiment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you use TeX fonts (which is the default), the possible options for the\r
 font include \r
\family sans\r
Default\r
\family default\r
 and a list of fonts available with your LaTeX distribution.\r
 If you select \r
\family sans\r
Default,\r
\family default\r
 the font that is preset by the current document class is used.\r
 In most cases, this will be the standard TeX font, known as \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
Computer\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Modern\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (\r
\family typewriter\r
cm\r
\family default\r
) or \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
European Computer Modern\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (\r
\family typewriter\r
ec\r
\family default\r
), but some classes preset different default fonts.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
As \r
\family typewriter\r
cm\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family typewriter\r
ec\r
\family default\r
 are bitmap fonts, they often look pixelated in PDF output, especially when\r
 you read the PDF in a zoomed size.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This problem doesn't appear if you read PDFs in \r
\family typewriter\r
Adobe\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Reader\r
\family default\r
 version 6 or later, because this program includes a special bitmap font\r
 renderer.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 To get rid of pixelated fonts, you have to use a vector font.\r
 Depending on how your document should look, you can either:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
select the \r
\family sans\r
Latin\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Modern\r
\family default\r
 fonts, which is the recommended choice if you want to keep the look of\r
 \r
\family typewriter\r
cm\r
\family default\r
/\r
\family typewriter\r
ec\r
\family default\r
.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Latin\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Modern\r
\family default\r
 was developed for the LaTeX community in order to replace \r
\family typewriter\r
cm\r
\family default\r
 as the default font.\r
 It covers a huge range of glyphs and several font shapes.\r
 Except for some details, where the appearance was improved, \r
\family sans\r
Latin\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Modern\r
\family default\r
 looks identical to \r
\family typewriter\r
cm\r
\family default\r
.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
One difference is improved kerning.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
or select the \r
\family sans\r
AE\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(Almost\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
European)\r
\family default\r
 fonts in (the rare) case that \r
\family sans\r
Latin\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Modern\r
\family default\r
 is not available to you or does not work, and you still want to emulate\r
 the look of \r
\family typewriter\r
cm\r
\family default\r
/\r
\family typewriter\r
ec\r
\family default\r
.\r
 \r
\family typewriter\r
AE\r
\family default\r
 is a virtual font.\r
 Virtual means that it \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
steals\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 outline \r
\family typewriter\r
cm\r
\family default\r
-glyphs from other fonts.\r
 This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French\r
 guillemets (\r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
«\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
»\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Loading the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
aeguill\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! aeguill\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 with the document preamble line\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
usepackage[ec]{aeguill}\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series default\r
will fix the guillemet problem.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and that accented characters are not \r
\emph on\r
one\r
\emph default\r
 glyph, but built of \r
\emph on\r
two\r
\emph default\r
 characters, the accent and the letter.\r
 Therefore you cannot search for words with accented characters in documents\r
 using the \r
\family typewriter\r
AE\r
\family default\r
 fonts.\r
 If you search for example for the French word \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
rève\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in a PDF, you will not get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches\r
 for the glyph \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 è \r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and not for the glyph \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 e +\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 ̀ \r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
If you do not like the look of \r
\family typewriter\r
cm\r
\family default\r
/\r
\family typewriter\r
ec\r
\family default\r
, you can of course select one of the other vector fonts provided, e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
Times\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Roman\r
\family default\r
 or\r
\family typewriter\r
 Palatino\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Most roman vector fonts will automatically select matching sans\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
serif and typewriter fonts,\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
These are sometimes just matching other fonts (e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g., \r
\family sans\r
Times\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Roman\r
\family default\r
 selects \r
\family sans\r
Helvetica\r
\family default\r
 for sans serif text), or different shapes of the same font, i.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
e.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
a real font \r
\emph on\r
family\r
\emph default\r
 (e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
in case of \r
\family sans\r
Latin\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Modern\r
\family default\r
 oder \r
\family sans\r
Computer\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Modern\r
\family default\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 but you can also select your own.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
The differences between roman, \r
\family sans\r
sans\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
serif\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family typewriter\r
typewriter\r
\family default\r
 fonts are explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
The font \r
\family sans\r
Times\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Roman\r
\family default\r
 was originally designed for newspapers.\r
 Its glyphs are thus smaller than glyphs from other fonts in order to fit\r
 into the small newspaper columns.\r
 Therefore \r
\family sans\r
Times\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Roman\r
\family default\r
 is not the optimal choice for larger documents like books.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For the font size there are generally four possible values: \r
\family sans\r
Default, 10\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
11\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
12\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Some classes provide additional sizes.\r
 The size of \r
\family sans\r
Default\r
\family default\r
 depends on the class you are using.\r
 In the standard classes it is equal to the font size 10.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Note that the font size is the \r
\emph on\r
base size\r
\emph default\r
.\r
 That means that LyX scales all other possible font sizes (such as those\r
 used in footnotes, super-, and subscripts) by this value.\r
 You can fine-tune the font size of text parts via the \r
\family sans\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\r
\family default\r
 dialog if needed.\r
 The possible font sizes for text parts are explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Default\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Family\r
\family default\r
 selection lets you specify whether the base font of your document should\r
 be roman, sans\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
serif or typewriter.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Default\r
\family default\r
 selection uses what is preset by the class, the other selections override\r
 this.\r
 In most cases, \r
\family sans\r
Default\r
\family default\r
 is equal to \r
\family sans\r
roman\r
\family default\r
, but some classes (such as presentation classes) use other defaults.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The\r
\family typewriter\r
 \r
\family sans\r
LaTe\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X font encoding\r
\family default\r
 selection is an expert setting which lets you change the value passed to\r
 the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
fontenc\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! fontenc\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (see also sec.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LaTeX-settings"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 Normally, you do not need to change (or even understand) this.\r
 Unless you have specific reasons, use \r
\family sans\r
Default\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
With some fonts, the checkboxes \r
\family sans\r
Use Old Style Figures\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Use True Small Caps\r
\family default\r
 are available.\r
 These are extra features some fonts provide.\r
 If \r
\family sans\r
Use Old Style Figures\r
\family default\r
 is checked, old style figures (also known as medieval or text figures)\r
 are used.\r
 Old style figures are the numerals (0\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
--\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
9) with ascenders and descenders, which makes them fit nicely with lowercase\r
 letters.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Use True Small Caps\r
\family default\r
 determines that real small caps are used instead of faked small caps made\r
 of scaled capitals.\r
 Real small caps are often part of expert font sets; they generally look\r
 better than faked small caps but might have to be purchased separately.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The field \r
\family sans\r
CJK\r
\family default\r
 allows users of the languages Chinese, Japanese, Korean (CJK) to specify\r
 a font to display the script characters.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The font will be the argument for the commands of the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
CJK\r
\series default\r
.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! CJK\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 So this has no effect for the document language \r
\family sans\r
Japanese\r
\family default\r
 that does not use \r
\series bold\r
CJK\r
\series default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 When you choose a new font or font size, LyX does \r
\emph on\r
not\r
\emph default\r
 change the screen font! You will only see a difference in the printed output;\r
 this is part of the WYSIWYM concept.\r
 LyX's screen fonts can be adjusted in the \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Preferences\r
\family default\r
 dialog, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Screen-Fonts"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Using Different Character Styles\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Character Styles\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Text Style\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
As we've already seen, LyX automatically changes the character style for\r
 certain paragraph environments.\r
 LyX supports two character styles, \r
\family sans\r
Emphasized\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Noun\r
\family default\r
.\r
 You can activate both of these styles via keybindings, the menus, and the\r
 toolbar.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To activate the \r
\family sans\r
Noun\r
\family default\r
 style, do one of the following:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
click on the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "font-noun"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
use the key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-noun"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
These commands are all toggles.\r
 That is, if \r
\family sans\r
Noun\r
\family default\r
 style is already active, they deactivate it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
One typically uses the \r
\family sans\r
Noun\r
\family default\r
 style for proper names.\r
 For example: \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\noun on\r
Matthias Ettrich\r
\noun default\r
 is the original author of LyX.\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A more widely used character style is the \r
\family sans\r
Emphasized\r
\family default\r
 style.\r
 You can activate (or deactivate — it's also a toggle) the \r
\family sans\r
Emphasized\r
\family default\r
 style by:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
clicking on the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "font-emph"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
using the keybindings \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-emph"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Normally the \r
\family sans\r
Emphasized\r
\family default\r
 style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or LaTeX-packag\r
es use a different font.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We've been using the \r
\family sans\r
Emphasized\r
\family default\r
 style all over the place in this document.\r
 Here's one more example:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Quotation\r
\r
\emph on\r
Do not overuse character styles!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
It's also a warning in addition to an example.\r
 One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.\r
 Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid\r
 the common tendency to overuse character styles.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can always reset to the default font using the key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-default"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or the dialog \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Customized\r
\family default\r
 (\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show character"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Fine-Tuning with the \r
\family sans\r
Text Style\r
\family default\r
 dialog\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Text Style\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are always occasions when you will need to do some fine-tuning; so\r
 LyX gives you a way to create a custom character style.\r
 For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet\r
 requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.\r
 Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts\r
 from ordinary dialog.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a\r
 warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles! \r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Documents that overuse different fonts and sizes are not easy to read and\r
 tend to look as if someone has knocked huge holes in them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To use custom character styles, open the \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Customized\r
\family default\r
 dialog or press the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show character"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 There are several boxes in this dialog, each corresponding to a different\r
 font property that you can choose.\r
 You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select \r
\family sans\r
No\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
change\r
\family default\r
, which keeps the current state of that property.\r
 The item \r
\family sans\r
Reset\r
\family default\r
 will reset the property to whatever is the default.\r
 You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph\r
 environments all at once.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The font properties, and their options (in addition to \r
\family sans\r
No\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
change\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Reset\r
\family default\r
) are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Family\r
\family default\r
 The \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
overall look\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the font.\r
 The possible options are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Roman\r
\family default\r
 This is the Roman font family.\r
 Normally a serif font.\r
 It's also the default family.\r
 (key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-roman"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Sans\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Serif\r
\family default\r
 \r
\family sans\r
This is the Sans Serif font family.\r
\r
\family default\r
 (key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-sans"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Typewriter\r
\family default\r
 \r
\family typewriter\r
This is the Typewriter font family.\r
\r
\family default\r
 (key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-typewriter"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Series\r
\family default\r
 This corresponds to the print weight.\r
 Options are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Medium\r
\family default\r
 This is the Medium font series.\r
 It's also the default series.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Bold\r
\family default\r
 \r
\series bold\r
This is the Bold font series.\r
\r
\series default\r
 (key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-bold"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Shape\r
\family default\r
 As the name implies.\r
 Options are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Upright\r
\family default\r
 This is the Upright font shape.\r
 It's also the default shape.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Italic\r
\family default\r
 \r
\shape italic\r
This\r
\shape default\r
 \r
\family sans\r
\shape italic\r
i\r
\family default\r
s the Italic font shape\r
\shape default\r
\emph on\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Slanted\r
\family default\r
 \r
\shape slanted\r
This is the Slanted font shape\r
\shape default\r
 (although it might not be visible in LyX, this is different from italic).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Small\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Caps\r
\family default\r
 \r
\shape smallcaps\r
This is the Small caps font shape\r
\shape default\r
\noun on\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Color\r
\family default\r
 Alters the text color.\r
 Note that not all DVI-viewers are able to display colors.\r
 Besides \r
\family sans\r
No\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
color\r
\family default\r
, which means that the document default color set in \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Color\r
\family default\r
 for \r
\family sans\r
Main\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
text\r
\family default\r
 is used, you can choose between \r
\family sans\r
Black\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
White\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Red\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Green\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Blue\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Cyan\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Magenta\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Yellow\r
\family default\r
 text.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Color ! Text\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Language\r
\family default\r
 This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from\r
 the language of the document.\r
 Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change\r
 (only within LyX).\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
If you have for example, an extract of German text in a non-German document,\r
 LaTeX respects the German hyphenation rules automatically.\r
 When using the spell checking (see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Spellchecking"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) the German-marked text will be checked according to the German dictionary.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Size\r
\family default\r
 Alters the size of the font.\r
 You will find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually\r
 proportional to the document font size.\r
 Once again, you don't feed LyX the details, but a general description of\r
 what you want to do.\r
 The options are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Tiny\r
\family default\r
 \r
\size tiny\r
This is the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Tiny\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 font size.\r
\r
\size default\r
 (key bindings \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "font-size tiny"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Smallest\r
\family default\r
 \r
\size scriptsize\r
This is the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Smallest\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 font size\r
\size default\r
.\r
 (key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-size scriptsize"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Smaller\r
\family default\r
 \r
\size footnotesize\r
This is the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Smaller\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 font size.\r
\r
\size default\r
 (key bindings \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "font-size footnotesize"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Small\r
\family default\r
 \r
\size small\r
This is the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Small\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 font size.\r
\r
\size default\r
 (key bindings \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "font-size small"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Normal\r
\family default\r
 This is the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Normal\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 font size.\r
 It's also the default size.\r
 (key bindings \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "font-size normal"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Large\r
\family default\r
 \r
\size large\r
This is the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Large\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 font size.\r
\r
\size default\r
 (key bindings \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "font-size large"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Larger\r
\family default\r
 \r
\size larger\r
This is the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Larger\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 font size.\r
\r
\size default\r
 (key bindings \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "font-size larger"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Largest\r
\family default\r
 \r
\size largest\r
This is the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Largest\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 font size.\r
\r
\size default\r
 (key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-size largest"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Huge\r
\family default\r
 \r
\size huge\r
This is the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Huge\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 font size.\r
\r
\size default\r
 (key bindings \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "font-size huge"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Huger\r
\family default\r
 \r
\size giant\r
This is the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Huger\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 font size.\r
\r
\size default\r
 (key bindings \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "font-size giant"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Increase\r
\family default\r
 This increases the size by one step (for instance, from \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Largest\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Huge\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 (key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-size increase"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Decrease\r
\family default\r
 This decreases the size by one step (for instance, from \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Normal\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Small\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 (key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-size decrease"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We warn you \r
\emph on\r
yet again\r
\emph default\r
: don't go crazy with this feature.\r
 You should almost never need to change the font size.\r
 LyX automatically changes the font size for different paragraph environments\r
 — use those instead.\r
 This is here for fine-tuning only!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Misc\r
\family default\r
 Here you can change a few other things at the character level.\r
 Options are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_deeper\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Emph\r
\family default\r
 \r
\emph on\r
This is text with emphasize on\r
\emph default\r
.\r
 This might seem like the same as \r
\shape italic\r
Italic\r
\shape default\r
, but it is actually a bit different.\r
 Emphasized is a \r
\emph on\r
logical\r
\emph default\r
 attribute.\r
 That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized\r
 text.\r
 Normally this font is equal to italic.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Underbar\r
\family default\r
 \r
\bar under\r
This is text with Underbar on.\r
\r
\bar default\r
 (key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "font-underline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
)\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
Avoid using underbar if you can! It is a hangover from the typewriter days,\r
 when you could not change fonts.\r
 One no longer needs to emphasize text by underscoring characters.\r
 This is only possible in LyX because some people \r
\emph on\r
may\r
\emph default\r
 need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Double\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
underbar\r
\family default\r
 \r
\uuline on\r
This is text with Double underbar on.\r
\r
\uuline default\r
 (key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-underunderline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
As we just warned you against using underbar, you can imagine what we think\r
 about double underbar.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Wavy\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
underbar\r
\family default\r
 \r
\uwave on\r
This is text with Wavy underbar on.\r
\r
\uwave default\r
 (key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-underwave"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Use this only if a journal absolutely insists on it.\r
 Keep antinausea pills handy.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Strikeout\r
\family default\r
 \r
\strikeout on\r
This is text with Strikeout on.\r
\r
\strikeout default\r
 (key binding \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-strikeout"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
This is frequently used to indicate an older version of text that has been\r
 changed in the meantime.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Noun\r
\family default\r
 \r
\noun on\r
This is text with Noun on.\r
\r
\noun default\r
 Like \r
\family sans\r
Emph\r
\family default\r
, this is a logical attribute.\r
 Normally it's equivalent to \r
\family sans\r
Small\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Caps\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_deeper\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.\r
 Once you have chosen a new character style via the \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Customized\r
\family default\r
 (\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show character"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) dialog, the settings are saved.\r
 You can activate them by using the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "textstyle-apply"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The button lets you apply your custom character style even when the dialog\r
 isn't visible.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To completely reset the character style to the default, use \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-default"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed\r
 (suppose you just set the shape to \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
slanted\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and the series to \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
bold\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
), set the \r
\family sans\r
Toggle\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
all\r
\family default\r
 switch and press \r
\family sans\r
Apply\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You should also know something about the differences between the three main\r
 font types \r
\family sans\r
serif\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
sans\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
serif\r
\family default\r
, and \r
\family sans\r
typewriter\r
\family default\r
:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Typewriter\r
\family default\r
 is a so called \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
monospaced\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 font, which means every character has the same width; the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
i\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is as wide as the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
m\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 Here is an example\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
no \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
typewriter text\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
For more on phantoms see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Phantom-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
no typewriter text\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Serif\r
\family default\r
 fonts use characters with serifs.\r
 These are the small \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
appendices\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 at the ends of the strokes that form the character.\r
 The following example shows the difference:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
text with serifs\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
text without serifs\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Serifs facilitate quick and easy reading.\r
 These fonts are therefore used as default (named \r
\family sans\r
roman\r
\family default\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\family sans\r
Sans serif\r
\family default\r
 is not recommended for use as a base type.\r
 This font type is therefore often only used for headings and short texts.\r
 We use it in this document to highlight menu names.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Toggling\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 refers to applying or removing font properties.\r
 When a property is marked for toggling in the \r
\family sans\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\r
\family default\r
 dialog, applying the style to text that already has the property will cause\r
 the property to be removed.\r
 If you, for example, apply a style with properties A, B and C to text that\r
 currently has font properties B, C, F and G, and if B is set to toggle\r
 and C is set not to toggle, the text ends up with properties A, C, F and\r
 G.\r
 \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Never toggled\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
always toggled\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 mean that you do not control the toggling behavior.\r
 For the properties on the left side of the dialog (\r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Family\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 etc.), toggling behavior is up to you.\r
 If \r
\family sans\r
Toggle\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
all\r
\family default\r
 is checked, all of the left side properties are toggled; by default, none\r
 of them are.\r
 Finally, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Reset\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is never toggled.\r
 If you, for example, set \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Series\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Reset\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and select \r
\family sans\r
Toggle\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
all\r
\family default\r
, then apply the style to bold face text, the text will revert to the default\r
 series (\r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Medium\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
), no matter how many times you apply the style.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We conclude with the same warning once again: Do not overuse the fonts!\r
 They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Printing and Previewing\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Overview\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Now that we have covered some of the basic features of document preparation\r
 using LyX, you probably want to know how to print out your masterpiece.\r
 Before we tell you that, we want to give you a quick explanation of what\r
 goes on behind-the-scenes.\r
 We cover this information in much greater detail in the \r
\emph on\r
Additional Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual as well.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX uses the program LaTeX as its backend.\r
 LaTeX is just a macro package for the TeX typesetting system, but to prevent\r
 confusion, we will only refer to LaTeX.\r
 LyX is what you use to do your actual writing.\r
 Then, LyX calls LaTeX to turn your writing into printable output.\r
 This happens in two stages:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
First, LyX converts your document to a series of text commands for LaTeX,\r
 generating a file with the extension, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.tex\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Next, LyX calls LaTeX to use the commands in the \r
\family typewriter\r
.tex\r
\family default\r
 file to produce printable output.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Output file formats\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
File formats\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Output-file-formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Simple text (ASCII)\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
File formats ! ASCII\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This file type has the extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.txt\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 It contains your document as plain text following the rules of the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
American Standard Code for Information Interchange\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (ASCII).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can export your document to ASCII with the menu \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Plain\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
text\r
\family default\r
.\r
 However, this will not export any externally generated material such as\r
 a BibTeX bibliography (section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Bibliography-databases"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 If your document includes such material, use \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
More\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Formats\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
&\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Options\r
\family default\r
 and then select \r
\family sans\r
Plain\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ps2ascii)\r
\family default\r
.\r
 This will first internally export your document to PostScript (generating\r
 thereby the external material) and then do the conversion to ASCII.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
LaTeX\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
File formats ! LaTeX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This file type has the extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.tex\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and contains all commands that are necessary for the LaTeX program to process\r
 your document.\r
 If you know LaTeX, you can use it to find out LaTeX-Errors or to process\r
 it manually with console commands.\r
 The LaTeX-file is automatically created in LyX's temporary directory whenever\r
 you view or export your document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can export your document as a LaTeX-file using the menu \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The different LaTeX export variants are explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Export"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
DVI\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
File formats ! DVI\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This file type has the extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.dvi\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 It is called \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
device-independent\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (DVI), because it is completely portable; you can move them from one machine\r
 to another without needing to do any sort of conversion.\r
 DVIs are used for quick previews and as a pre-stage for other output formats,\r
 like PostScript.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
DVI files do not contain images, they only link to them.\r
 So don't forget to deliver the images together with your DVIs.\r
 Because the DVI-viewer has to convert the images in the background to make\r
 them visible when you scroll the DVI, this can slow down your computer\r
 when you view the DVI.\r
 So we recommend using PDF for files with many images.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can export your document to DVI by the menus \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
DVI\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
DVI\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(LuaTe\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X).\r
\r
\family default\r
 The latter option uses the program \r
\family typewriter\r
LuaTeX\r
\family default\r
.\r
 \r
\family typewriter\r
LuaTeX\r
\family default\r
 is an engine that provides direct Unicode support and support for direct\r
 font access (see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LaTeX-font-support"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 LuaTeX is still a work in progress, but it might develop into the next\r
 standard TeX processor.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
PostScript\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
File formats ! PostScript\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This file type has the extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.ps\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 PostScript was developed by the company \r
\family typewriter\r
Adobe\r
\family default\r
 as a printer language.\r
 The file therefore contains commands that the printer uses to print the\r
 file.\r
 PostScript can be seen as a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
programming language\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
; you can calculate with it and draw diagrams and images.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
If you are interested in learning more about this, have a look at the LaTeX-pack\r
age \r
\series bold\r
pstricks\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! pstricks\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 As a result of this, the files are often bigger than PDFs.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
PostScript can only contain images in the format \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Encapsulated PostScript\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (EPS, file extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.eps\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 As LyX allows you to use any known image format in your document, it has\r
 to convert them in the background to EPS.\r
 If, for example, you have 50\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
images in your document, LyX has to do 50\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
conversions when you view or export your document the first time.\r
 This might slow down your workflow with LyX.\r
 So if you plan to use PostScript, you can insert your images directly as\r
 EPS to avoid this problem.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can export to PostScript using the menu \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
PostScript\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
File formats ! PDF\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
PDF\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This file type has the extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.pdf\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Portable Document Format\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (PDF) developed by \r
\family typewriter\r
Adobe\r
\family default\r
 was derived from PostScript.\r
 It is more compressed and it uses fewer commands than PostScript.\r
 As the name \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
portable\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 implies, it can be processed on any computer system and the printed output\r
 looks exactly the same.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
PDF can contain images in its own PDF format and in the formats \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Joint Photographic Experts Group\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (JPG, file extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.jpg\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.jpeg\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Portable Network Graphics\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (PNG, file extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.png\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 You can also use any other image format, because LyX converts them in the\r
 background to one of these formats.\r
 But as described in the section about PostScript, the image conversion\r
 will slow down your workflow.\r
 So we recommend using images in one of the three formats mentioned above.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can export your document to PDF via the menu \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Export\r
\family default\r
 in different ways:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(pdflatex) This uses the program \r
\family typewriter\r
pdftex\r
\family default\r
 which converts your file directly to PDF.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(LuaTe\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X) This uses the program \r
\family typewriter\r
LuaTeX\r
\family default\r
 which converts your file directly to PDF.\r
 \r
\family typewriter\r
LuaTeX\r
\family default\r
 is a new engine, derived from \r
\family typewriter\r
pdflatex\r
\family default\r
, that also provides direct Unicode support and support for direct font\r
 access (see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LaTeX-font-support"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 LuaTeX is still a work in progress, but it might develop into the next\r
 standard TeX processor.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(XeTe\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X) This uses the program \r
\family typewriter\r
XeTeX\r
\family default\r
 that converts your file directly to PDF.\r
 \r
\family typewriter\r
XeTeX\r
\family default\r
 is a new engine that provides direct Unicode support and support for direct\r
 font access (see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LaTeX-font-support"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 It is particularly good at typesetting different scripts, for example,\r
 vertically written Japanese.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(dvipdfm) This uses the program \r
\family typewriter\r
dvipdfm\r
\family default\r
 that converts your file in the background to DVI and in a second step to\r
 PDF.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ps2pdf) This uses the program \r
\family typewriter\r
ps2pdf\r
\family default\r
 that creates a PDF from a PostScript-version of your file.\r
 The PostScript-version is produced by the program \r
\family typewriter\r
dvips\r
\family default\r
 which uses a DVI-version as intermediate step.\r
 So this export variant consists of three conversions.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We recommend using \r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(pdflatex)\r
\family default\r
 because \r
\family typewriter\r
pdftex\r
\family default\r
 supports all the features of actual PDF-versions, is quick, stable, and\r
 works without problems.\r
 If you rely on multiscript support and\SpecialChar \slash{}\r
or specific OpenType fonts, you might\r
 want to try out \r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(XeTe\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X)\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(LuaTe\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X)\r
\family default\r
 instead, bearing in mind that these two programs are not yet as mature\r
 as \r
\family typewriter\r
pdflatex\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
XHTML\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
FileFormats ! XHTML\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
HTML\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This file type has the extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.xhtml\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 It is a file suitable for viewing in web browsers.\r
 It does not itself contain images and the like but only links to them.\r
 When LyX produces XHTML, it also generates corresponding images in formats\r
 suitable for the purpose.\r
 For the math output you can choose in the menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Output\r
\family default\r
 between different formats, which are described in section \r
\emph on\r
Math Output in XHTML\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Additional\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
XHTML output remains \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
under development\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, and not all LyX features are supported yet.\r
 See the chapter \r
\emph on\r
LyX and the World Wide Web\r
\emph default\r
, in the \r
\emph on\r
Additional Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual, for more information.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can export your document as an XHTML file using the menu item \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
LyXHTML\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Previewing\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Preview \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To get a look at the final version of your document, with all of the page\r
 breaks in place, the footnotes correctly numbered, and so on, use the menu\r
 \r
\family sans\r
\bar under\r
V\r
\bar default\r
iew\r
\family default\r
 and choose \r
\family sans\r
\bar under\r
V\r
\bar default\r
iew\r
\family default\r
 or use the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "buffer-view"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 A viewing program will pop up showing the output in the defined default\r
 output format, which is globally set in the preferences (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:File-Formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) and can also be altered for single documents in the document settings\r
 (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Doc-Output"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 Further output formats can be selected via \r
\family sans\r
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
View (Other Formats)\r
\family default\r
 or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename ../images/view-others.png\r
        scale 85\r
        groupId toolbarbuttons\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you have changed your document, you can refresh the output in the same\r
 viewer window using the menu \r
\family sans\r
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Update\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Update (Other Formats)\r
\family default\r
, respectively.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
When you preview a file, the output file is only generated in LyX's temporary\r
 directory.\r
 To have a real output, export your document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Printing the File from within LyX\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Printing-the-File"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Instead of exporting your file and then printing it, you can also print\r
 it directly from within LyX.\r
 To print a file, select the menu \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Print\r
\family default\r
 (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "dialog-show print"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) or click on the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show print"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 LyX will internally call LaTeX to produce a DVI.\r
 This file is then processed by the program \r
\family typewriter\r
dvips\r
\family default\r
 to a PostScript-file, which is finally printed using the program \r
\family typewriter\r
Ghostscript\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Due to these steps in the background, this method is not the fastest.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can set the following print parameters in the \r
\family sans\r
Print\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Destination\r
\family default\r
 box:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
Printer\r
\family default\r
 This is the name of the printer to print to.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Note that this printer name is for the program \r
\family typewriter\r
dvips\r
\family default\r
.\r
 That means \r
\family typewriter\r
dvips\r
\family default\r
 has to be configured for this printer name.\r
 The default printer can be set in LyX's preferences dialog, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Printer"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 The printer should understand PostScript.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
File\r
\family default\r
 The name of a file to print to.\r
 The output will be a PostScript file.\r
 It will be written in LyX's working directory unless you specify the full\r
 path.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can choose to print only a range of pages, only even-numbered or only\r
 odd-numbered pages or to print the pages in reverse — the latter options\r
 are useful for printing on two sides with a printer without a duplexer:\r
 you re-insert the pages after printing one set to print on the other side.\r
 Some printers spit out pages face-up, others, face-down.\r
 By choosing a particular order to print in, you can take the entire stack\r
 of pages out of the printer without needing to reorder them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
A few Words about Typography\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Typography\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Hyphens, Dashes and Minus Signs\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Hyphens\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Dashes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In LyX, the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
-\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 character comes in four lengths: the \r
\emph on\r
hyphen\r
\emph default\r
, the \r
\emph on\r
en dash\r
\emph default\r
, the \r
\emph on\r
em dash\r
\emph default\r
, and the minus sign:\r
\begin_inset VSpace defskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<row interlinespace="3mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
name\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
output\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
inserted with\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="3mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
hyphen\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
-\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
-\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in text\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="3mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
en dash\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
–\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Special\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Symbols\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="3mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
em dash\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
—\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Special\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Symbols\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
minus sign\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Formula $-$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
-\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in math mode\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset VSpace defskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can alternatively generate the en and em dash by inserting the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
-\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 character multiple times in a row.\r
 They will automatically be converted to the appropriate length dash in\r
 the final output, but not in LyX.\r
 \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
-\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
-\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 gives a en dash, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
-\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
-\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
-\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 a em dash.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in\r
 math mode and has a length of its own.\r
 Here are some examples:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
line- and page-breaks\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(\r
\emph on\r
hyphen\r
\emph default\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
From A–Z\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(\r
\emph on\r
en dash\r
\emph default\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Oh — there's a dash.\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(\r
\emph on\r
em dash\r
\emph default\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(\r
\emph on\r
minus sign\r
\emph default\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Hyphenation\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Hyphenation\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Hyphenation"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Words are not hyphenated within LyX but automatically in the output.\r
 Hyphenation is done by the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
babel\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! babel\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 following the rules of the document language.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LaTeX hyphenates almost perfectly; it only has problems with text in the\r
 \r
\family sans\r
typewriter\r
\family default\r
 font and with unusual constructs, like \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
h3knix/m0n0wall\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 If LaTeX cannot break a word correctly, you can set hyphenation points\r
 manually.\r
 This is done with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Hyphenation\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Point\r
\family default\r
.\r
 These extra hyphenation points are only recommendations to LaTeX.\r
 If no hyphenation is necessary, LaTeX will ignore them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Sometimes you want to prevent words or constructs from being hyphenated.\r
 Imagine that you are describing keybindings/shortcuts in your document\r
 in the form \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
A-b c\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 LaTeX would then see the hyphen \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
-\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 as a hyphenation possibility.\r
 Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.\r
 To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can put it into a makebox\r
 as described in section \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Prevent Hyphenation\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Punctuation Marks\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Punctuation marks\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Abbreviations and End of Sentence\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Abbreviations"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
When LyX calls LaTeX to generate the final version of your document, LaTeX\r
 automatically distinguishes between words, sentences, and abbreviations.\r
 LaTeX then adds the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
appropriate amount of space.\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 That means sentences get a little bit more space between the period and\r
 the next word.\r
 Abbreviations get the same amount of space after the period that a word\r
 gets after another word.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Unfortunately, the algorithm for figuring out what's an abbreviation does\r
 not work in all cases.\r
 If a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is at the end of a lowercase letter, it's the end of a sentence; if it's\r
 at the end of a capitalized letter, it's an abbreviation.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here are some examples of \r
\emph on\r
correct\r
\emph default\r
 abbreviations and of the end of a sentence:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
M.\r
 Butterfly\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Don't worry.\r
 Be happy.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
And here is an example of the algorithm going wrong:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
 this is too much space!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
This is I.\r
 It's okay.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You will not see anything wrong until you view a final version of your document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To fix this problem, use one of the following:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Use an \r
\family sans\r
Inter-word\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 after lowercase abbreviations (see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Inter-word-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Spaces ! inter-word\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Use a \r
\family sans\r
Thin\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 between two tokens of an abbreviation (see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Thin-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Spaces ! thin\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Use an \r
\family sans\r
End\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
of\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
sentence\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
period\r
\family default\r
 found under the \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Special\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Character\r
\family default\r
 menu to force the use of inter-sentence spacing.\r
 This function is also bound to \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "specialchar-insert end-of-sentence"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for easy access.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
With the corrections, our earlier examples look like this:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
this is too much space!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
This is I\SpecialChar \@.\r
 It's okay.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Some languages don't use extra spacing between sentences.\r
 If your language is such a language, you don't need to worry, because LaTeX\r
 will take care of this.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For those that do need to bother, there is help to catch those sneaky errors:\r
 Check out the \r
\family sans\r
Check\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
TeX\r
\family default\r
 feature described in the section \r
\emph on\r
Checking TeX\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Additional Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Quotes\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Typography ! Quotes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Quotes | see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Typography\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX usually sets quotes correctly.\r
 Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,\r
 and use a closing quote at the end.\r
 For example, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
open close\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The keyboard character, \r
\family sans\r
"\r
\family default\r
, generates this automatically.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can specify what character the \r
\family sans\r
"\r
\family default\r
 key produces using the submenu \r
\family sans\r
Language\r
\family default\r
 of the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 dialog in the box \r
\family sans\r
Quote Style\r
\family default\r
.\r
 There are six choices:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Text\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
 Use quotes like \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
this\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Quotes sld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Text\r
\begin_inset Quotes srd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
 Use quotes like \r
\begin_inset Quotes sld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
this\r
\begin_inset Quotes srd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Quotes gld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Text\r
\begin_inset Quotes grd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
 Use quotes like \r
\begin_inset Quotes gld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
this\r
\begin_inset Quotes grd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Quotes pld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Text\r
\begin_inset Quotes prd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
 Use quotes like \r
\begin_inset Quotes pld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
this\r
\begin_inset Quotes prd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Quotes fld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Text\r
\begin_inset Quotes frd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
 Use quotes like \r
\begin_inset Quotes fld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
this\r
\begin_inset Quotes frd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Quotes ald\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Text\r
\begin_inset Quotes ard\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
 Use quotes like \r
\begin_inset Quotes ald\r
\end_inset\r
\r
this\r
\begin_inset Quotes ard\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For single quotes you have to use the shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "quote-insert single"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Ligatures\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Typography ! Ligatures\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Ligatures | see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Typography\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Ligatures"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and\r
 print them as single characters.\r
 These groups are known as \r
\emph on\r
ligatures\r
\emph default\r
.\r
 Since LaTeX knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too\r
 in the output.\r
 Here are the standard ligatures:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
ff\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
fi\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
fl\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
ffi\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
ffl\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.\r
 While a ligature may be okay in the word, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
graffiti,\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 it looks really weird in compound words, such as \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
cufflink\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or the German \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Dorffest.\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 To break a ligature, use \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Ligature\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Break.\r
\r
\family default\r
 This changes \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
cufflinks\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
cuff\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}\r
links\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Dorffest\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Dorf\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}\r
fest\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
LyX's Proper Names\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LyX ! Proper names\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:LyX's-Proper-Names"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You will certainly have noticed that the word “LaTeX” always appears with\r
 characters in different sizes and heights.\r
 LaTeX is the name of the program used by LyX and is therefore recognized\r
 as a proper name when you type it in LyX as \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The braces in TeX Code are here to avoid that the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
command\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 appear as proper name in the output, see the last paragraph of this section.\r
 To create proper names omit the TeX Code.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Note the order of the upper- and lowercase letters! LyX recognizes the\r
 following proper names:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
LyX The name of the game, write \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
L\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
yX\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to produce it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
TeX The program used by LaTeX, write \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
T\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to produce it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
LaTeX The program used by LyX, write \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to produce it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
LaTeX2e The actual version of LaTeX, write \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX2e\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to produce it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You might wonder why the LaTeX-version is \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2\r
\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 It is an old tradition in the TeX-world to give programs geek version numbers.\r
 For example the version number of TeX converges to the number \r
\begin_inset Formula $\pi$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
: The actual version is \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
TeX-3.141592\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, the previous one was \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
TeX-3.14159\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you don't want to use proper names, for example, in section headings,\r
 you can insert two empty braces in TeX Code in the word.\r
 In LyX this will look like \r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/LaTeX.png\r
        scale 80\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
For more about TeX Code, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:TeX-Code"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Units\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Typography ! Units\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal\r
 space between two words.\r
 As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is\r
 smaller.\r
 To get such a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
half space\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for units use the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Thin\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcuts"\r
arg   "space-insert thin"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here is an example to show the differences:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
24\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
kW\r
\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
h\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
space between number and unit\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
24\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
kW\r
\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
h\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
half space between number and unit\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Widows and Orphans\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Typography ! Widows and orphans\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page\r
 happened to end.\r
 There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.\r
 You may remember once printing out a document, only to find the heading\r
 for a new section printed at the very bottom of the page, the first line\r
 of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom of a page, or the last line\r
 of a paragraph at the top of a new page.\r
 These bits of text became known as \r
\emph on\r
widows\r
\emph default\r
 and \r
\emph on\r
orphans\r
\emph default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Clearly, LyX can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.\r
 That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.\r
 But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line\r
 of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules\r
 built into LaTeX governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there\r
 specifically to prevent widows and orphans.\r
 This is the advantage LyX has in using LaTeX as its backend.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We cannot go into how TeX and LaTeX decide to break a page, or how you can\r
 tweak that behavior.\r
 Some LaTeX books listed in the bibliography (such as\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "latexcompanion"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "latexguide"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) may have more information.\r
 You will almost never need to worry about this, however.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
Notes, Graphics, Tables and Floats\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "chap:Floats-and-Notes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
 There you will also find tips and tricks for special cases.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Notes\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Notes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Notes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
LyX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Note This note type is for internal notes that will not appear in the output.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it does appear as\r
 a LaTeX-comment when you export the document to LaTeX via the menu \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(xxx)\r
\family default\r
.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Comment\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This is text in a note box that only appears as a comment in LaTeX-files.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Greyed\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Out This note will appear in the output as text in a color which you can\r
 set in the document settings under \r
\family sans\r
Colors\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Greyed-out\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
notes\r
\family default\r
.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This is the text\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.\r
 In this document the color of this note type is set to blue.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of a comment that appears in the output.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
As you can see in the example, greyed out notes can have footnotes.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Notes are inserted with the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "note-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Note\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Right-click on the note box that appears to select the note type.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Footnotes\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Footnotes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Footnotes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the\r
 menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Footnote\r
\family default\r
 or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "footnote-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\bar no\r
you will see\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
\bar default\r
 a box like this: \r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/footnoteQt4.png\r
        scale 80\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\bar no\r
 This box is LyX's representation of your footnote.\r
 If you\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
\bar default\r
 left-click on \r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\bar no\r
the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
foot\r
\family roman\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
\bar default\r
 \r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\bar no\r
label, the box will\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
\bar default\r
 be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.\r
 Clicking on the box label again will close \r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\bar no\r
the\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
\bar default\r
 box\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\bar no\r
.\r
 If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply highlight it\r
 and click on the footnote\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
\bar default\r
 toolbar \r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\bar no\r
button\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
\bar default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here is an example footnote:\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\bar no\r
\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text\r
 position where the footnote box is placed.\r
 The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.\r
 The footnote number is calculated by LyX according to the document class.\r
 LyX does not yet support a particular numbering scheme, but you can get\r
 other schemes using special LaTeX-commands.\r
 T\r
\family roman\r
h\r
\family default\r
ey are described in the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Marginal Notes\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Marginal notes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Marginal-Notes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in LyX.\r
 When you insert a margin note via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Marginal\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Note\r
\family default\r
 or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "marginalnote-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, you will see \r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
a\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
 \r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
box with the\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
 \r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
label \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
margin\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 appearing within your text.\r
 This box is LyX's representation of your margin\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
al \r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
note.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
At the side of this sentence is an example marginal note.\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\r
\begin_inset Marginal\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\align left\r
This is a marginal note.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.\r
 In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin – left on even\r
 pages, right on odd pages.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For further information about marginal notes see the section \r
\emph on\r
Margin\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Notes\r
\emph default\r
 in the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Graphics and Images\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Images\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Graphics\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Graphics"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position\r
 you want and click on the toolbar icon \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or select \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Graphics\r
\family default\r
 from the menu.\r
 Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
\bar under\r
G\r
\bar default\r
raphics\r
\family default\r
 tab allows you to choose your image file.\r
 The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling\r
 factor.\r
 The scaling units are explained in Appendix\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "chap:Units-available-in"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In the tab \r
\family sans\r
Clipping\r
\family default\r
 it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width\r
 of the image in the output.\r
 The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Get\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
from\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
file\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The option \r
\family sans\r
Clip\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
to\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
bounding\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
box\r
\family default\r
 will only print the image region within the given coordinates.\r
 Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore\r
 the tab \r
\family sans\r
Clipping\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In the \r
\family sans\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
and\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Ly\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X options\r
\family default\r
 tab LaTeX experts can specify additional LaTeX options.\r
 In this tab you can also specify the appearance of the image inside LyX.\r
 The option \r
\family sans\r
Draft\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
mode\r
\family default\r
 has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame\r
 with the image size is printed.\r
 The option \r
\family sans\r
Don't\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
unzip\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
on\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
export\r
\family default\r
 is explained in the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual in section \r
\emph on\r
Graphics Dialog\r
\emph default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.\r
 Images will appear in the output exactly at the position where they are\r
 in the text.\r
 This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/mobius.eps\r
        scale 70\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you need image captions or want to reference images, you have to put\r
 the image into a float, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Figure-Floats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Image Formats\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Images ! Formats\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Image-Formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can insert images in any known file format.\r
 But as we explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Output-file-formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, every output document format allows only a few image formats.\r
 LyX therefore uses the program \r
\family typewriter\r
ImageMagick\r
\family default\r
 in the background to convert the images to the right format.\r
 To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,\r
 use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Output-file-formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Bitmap\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.\r
 They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixelated in large zooms.\r
 Well-known bitmap image formats are \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Graphics Interchange Format\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (GIF, file extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.gif\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
GIF|see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Image formats\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Portable Network Graphics\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (PNG, file extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.png\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
PNG|see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Image formats\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Joint Photographic Experts Group\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (JPG, file extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.jpg\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.jpeg\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
JPG|see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Image formats\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Scalable\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without\r
 data loss.\r
 The scaling ability is desired if you want to create presentations, because\r
 presentations are always scaled by the beamer.\r
 Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Scalable image formats can be \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Scalable Vector Graphics\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (SVG, file extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.svg\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
SVG|see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Image formats\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Encapsulated PostScript\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (EPS, file extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.eps\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
EPS|see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Image formats\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Portable Document Format\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (PDF, file extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
.pdf\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
)\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
PDF\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 We say \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
can be\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, because you can convert any bitmap image format to PDF or EPS and the\r
 result will not be scalable.\r
 In this case only a header with the image properties is added to the original\r
 image.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
In the case of PDF, the original image is additionally compressed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Normally one cannot convert a bitmap image into a scalable one, only \r
\emph on\r
vice versa\r
\emph default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Grouping of Image Settings\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Images ! Settings grouping\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Each image can define a new group of image settings or join an existing\r
 group.\r
 Images within such a group share their settings, so adjusting one image\r
 of the group automatically also adjusts all other images of the group in\r
 the same way.\r
 So you can for example change the size for a bunch of images without the\r
 need to manually change each of them.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A new group can be set by pressing the button \r
\family sans\r
Open\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
new\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
group\r
\family default\r
 in the\r
\family sans\r
 Graphics\r
\family default\r
 dialog in the \r
\family sans\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
and\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Ly\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X options\r
\family default\r
 tab.\r
 Joining an existing group can be done using the context menu of the image\r
 and checking the name of the desired group.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Tables\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Tables\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Tables"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can insert a table using either the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "tabular-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Table\r
\family default\r
.\r
 A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.\r
 The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated\r
 from the rest of the table.\r
 This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row\r
 have a line below them and the cells of the second row have a line above\r
 them.\r
 Here is an example table:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
1\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
2\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
3\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
A\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
B\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\size normal\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
C\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
The Table dialog\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button and\r
 then choosing \r
\family sans\r
More\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
.\r
 This brings up the table dialog.\r
 Here you can adjust the settings of the cell, row and/or column where the\r
 cursor is placed currently.\r
 Most of the dialog options also work on selections.\r
 This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is\r
 done on all of your selection.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In addition to the table dialog, the \r
\family sans\r
table\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
toolbar\r
\family default\r
 helps you in setting table properties.\r
 It appears if the cursor is inside a table.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In the tab \r
\family sans\r
Table\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 of the table dialog you can set the alignment for the current row.\r
 If you add a row or column, it will be inserted right beside or below the\r
 current cell respectively.\r
 The vertical alignment of a column can only be adjusted when a column width\r
 is given.\r
 A given width will allow the cell to have line breaks and multiple paragraphs\r
 of text, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Table-Cells"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can mark multiple cells of one row/column as a multicolumn/row cell\r
 using the check box \r
\family sans\r
Multicolumn\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Multirow\r
\family default\r
.\r
 This will merge the cells to \r
\emph on\r
one\r
\emph default\r
 cell, spread over more than one column/row.\r
 Multicolumn cells are treated as own rows, so that the alignment, width,\r
 and border settings affect only the multicolumn cell.\r
 Here is an example table with a multicolumn cell in the first row and one\r
 in the last row without the upper border:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">\r
<features rotate="0" firstHeadTopDL="true" firstHeadBottomDL="true" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
abc\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
def ghi\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
jkl\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
A\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
B\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
C\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
D\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
1\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
2\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
3\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
4\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Adept users can declare special LaTeX-arguments for the table.\r
 They are necessary for special table formatting, such as the multirow cells,\r
 explained in the chapter \r
\emph on\r
Tables\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
 You can also rotate the current cell or the whole table 90\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
degrees counterclockwise.\r
 These rotations are not visible in LyX but are visible in the output.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 Most DVI-viewers are \r
\emph on\r
not\r
\emph default\r
 able to display rotations.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Borders\r
\family default\r
 tab allows you to add and delete border lines for the current row/column.\r
 The button \r
\family sans\r
Default\r
\family default\r
 adds lines for all cell borders.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Longtables\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Tables ! Longtables\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Longtables\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If the table is too long to fit on one page, you can use the option \r
\family sans\r
Use\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
long\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
table\r
\family default\r
 in the tab \r
\family sans\r
Longtable\r
\family default\r
 of the table dialog to split the table automatically over more pages.\r
 Doing this enables some check boxes and you can now define:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
Header\r
\family default\r
: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options\r
 defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable.\r
 except for the first page, if \r
\family sans\r
First\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
header\r
\family default\r
 is defined.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
First\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
header\r
\family default\r
: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options\r
 defined, are defined to be the header rows of the first page of the longtable.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
Footer\r
\family default\r
: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options\r
 defined, are defined to be the footer rows of all pages of the longtable,\r
 except for the last page, if \r
\family sans\r
Last\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
footer\r
\family default\r
 is defined.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
Last\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
footer\r
\family default\r
: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options\r
 defined, are defined to be the footer rows of the last page of the longtable.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Caption: The first row is reset as a single column.\r
 You can now insert there the table caption via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Caption\r
\family default\r
.\r
 More about longtable captions can be found in the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also specify a row where the table is split.\r
 If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware\r
 that then only the first option is used; the others will be defined as\r
 \r
\emph on\r
empty\r
\emph default\r
.\r
 In this context, first means first in this order: \r
\family sans\r
Footer, Last\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
footer,\r
\family default\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Header,\r
\family default\r
 \r
\family sans\r
First\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
header\r
\family default\r
; see the following longtable to see how it works:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="69" columns="3">\r
<features rotate="0" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">\r
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="5cm">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<row endfirsthead="true">\r
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Example Phone List (ignore the names)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row endfirsthead="true">\r
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
NAME\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
TEL.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row endhead="true">\r
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
 \r
\series bold\r
Example Phone List\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row endhead="true">\r
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
NAME\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
TEL.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row endfoot="true">\r
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
 \r
\series bold\r
continue ...\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Annovi\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Silvia\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Bertoli\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Stefano\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Bozzi\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Walter\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Cachia\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Maria\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Cachia\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Maurizio\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Cinquemani\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Giusi\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Colin\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Bernard\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Concli\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Gianfranco\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Dal Bosco\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Carolina\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Dalpiaz\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Annamaria\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Feliciello\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Domenico\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Focarelli\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paola\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Galletti\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Oreste\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Gasparini\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Franca\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Rizzardi\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paola\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Lassini\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Giancarlo\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Malfatti\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Luciano\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
111\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Malfatti\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Valeriano\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
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111\r
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\r
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<row>\r
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\r
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Meneguzzo\r
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\r
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\r
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Roberto\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
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Mezzadra\r
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\r
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\r
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Roberto\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
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Pirpamer\r
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\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Erich\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
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Pochiesa\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
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Claudio\r
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\r
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\r
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Stuffer\r
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\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Oskar\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
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Tacchelli\r
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\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Ugo\r
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\r
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\r
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<row>\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
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Tezzele\r
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\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Margit\r
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\r
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\r
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<row>\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
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Unterkalmsteiner\r
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\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Frieda\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
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<row>\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
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Vieider\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Hilde\r
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\r
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\r
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<row>\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Vigna\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Jürgen\r
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\r
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\r
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<row>\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
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Weber\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Maurizio\r
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\r
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\r
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\r
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<row>\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Winkler\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Franz\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
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\r
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<row>\r
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\r
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\end_layout\r
\r
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<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
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\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Annovi\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Silvia\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Bertoli\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Stefano\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Bozzi\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Walter\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Cachia\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
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555\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Cachia\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Maurizio\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<row>\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Cinquemani\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Giusi\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Colin\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Bernard\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
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555\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Concli\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Gianfranco\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
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\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Dal Bosco\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Carolina\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
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555\r
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\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Dalpiaz\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Annamaria\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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\r
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555\r
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\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Feliciello\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Domenico\r
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\r
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\r
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555\r
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\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Focarelli\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
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Paola\r
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\r
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\r
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555\r
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\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Galletti\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Oreste\r
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\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
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555\r
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\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Gasparini\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
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Franca\r
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\r
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\r
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555\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Rizzardi\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
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Paola\r
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\r
\end_inset\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
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\r
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555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Lassini\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Giancarlo\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Malfatti\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Luciano\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Malfatti\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Valeriano\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Meneguzzo\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Roberto\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Mezzadra\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Roberto\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Pirpamer\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Erich\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Pochiesa\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paolo\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555, 222\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Radina\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Claudio\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Stuffer\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Oskar\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Tacchelli\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Ugo\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Tezzele\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Margit\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Unterkalmsteiner\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Frieda\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Vieider\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Hilde\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Vigna\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Jürgen\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
999\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Weber\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Maurizio\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Winkler\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Franz\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
555\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row endlastfoot="true">\r
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="block" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
End\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Table Cells\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Tables ! Cells\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Table-Cells"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A table cell can contain text, inline equations, a figure, or another table.\r
 All these kinds of objects can be placed in the same cell.\r
 Font sizes and shapes can also be altered.\r
 But you can't put a special environment in a cell (like \r
\family sans\r
Section*\r
\family default\r
, etc.), nor set spacing options for the cell's paragraph.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To have multi-line entries in table cells, you have to declare a fixed width\r
 for the column in the table dialog.\r
 Your text is then automatically split into multiple lines and the cell\r
 is enlarged vertically when the length of the text exceeds the given width.\r
 An example:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="3cm">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
1\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
2\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
3\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
4\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
This is a multi-line entry in a table.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
5\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
6\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
This is longer now.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
7\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
8\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
This is a multi-line entry in a table.\r
 This is longer now.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
9\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Cutting and pasting between tables and table cells works reasonably well.\r
 You can even cut and paste more than one row.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Note that you cannot paste into a multicell selection because it would not\r
 be clear what to do when pasting a single word in a selected 2×3.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Selection with the mouse or with \r
\family sans\r
Shift\r
\family default\r
 plus the arrow keys works as usual.\r
 You can also copy and paste the entire table as a single unit by starting\r
 the selection from outside the table.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Floats\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Floats\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Floats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Introduction\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A float is a block of text associated with some sort of label, which doesn't\r
 have a fixed location.\r
 It can \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
float\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 forward or backward a page or two, to wherever it fits best.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Footnotes\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Margin\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Notes\r
\family default\r
 are also floats, because they can float to the next page when there are\r
 too many notes on the current page.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Floats make it possible to get a high quality layout.\r
 Images and tables can be distributed evenly over the pages to avoid whitespace\r
 and pages without text.\r
 As the floating often destroys the spatial context between the text and\r
 the image/table, every float can be referenced in the text.\r
 Floats are therefore numbered.\r
 Referencing is described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Cross-References"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To insert a float, use the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Float\r
\family default\r
.\r
 A box with a caption will be inserted into your document.\r
 The label will automatically be translated to the document language in\r
 the output.\r
 After the label you can insert the caption text.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Floats ! Captions\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 The image or table is inserted above or below the caption in a separate\r
 paragraph within the float.\r
 To keep your LyX-document readable, you can open and close the float box\r
 by left-clicking on the box label.\r
 A closed float box looks like this: \r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/floatQt4.png\r
        scale 80\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 – a gray button with a red label.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You should insert floats in a separate paragraph to avoid possible LaTeX-errors\r
 that can occur when the surrounding text is specially formatted.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Examples\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Figure Floats\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Figure-Floats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Floats ! Figure floats\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Figure\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "fig:Platypus-distorted"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 was created using the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Figure\r
\family default\r
 (toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "float-insert figure"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 The image was inserted by setting the cursor above the caption label and\r
 using the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Graphics\r
\family default\r
 (toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 The image in the float was horizontally centered by putting the cursor\r
 to the left or right of the image and using the menu \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Paragraph\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 (toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "layout-paragraph"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float figure\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/platypus.eps\r
        lyxscale 50\r
        width 50col%\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Caption Standard\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "fig:Platypus-distorted"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
A severely distorted platypus in a float.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This figure float also shows how to set a label and create a cross-reference\r
 to it: Insert a label into the caption using the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Label\r
\family default\r
 (toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "label-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) and refer to it using the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Cross-Reference\r
\family default\r
 (toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show-new-inset ref"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 It is important to use cross-references to figure floats rather than using\r
 vague references like \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
the figure above\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, because, as LaTeX will reposition the floats in the final document, it\r
 might not be \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
above\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 at all.\r
 For more about cross-references, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Cross-References"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Normally only one image is inserted in a figure float, but sometimes you\r
 might want to use two images with separate subcaptions.\r
 This can be done by inserting image floats into existing image floats.\r
 Note that only the main caption of the float is added to the List of Figures\r
 as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:List-of-Figures"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 Figure\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is an example of a figure float with two images set side by side.\r
 You can also set the images one below the other.\r
 Figure\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "fig:Undefinable"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "fig:Platypus"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 are the subfigures.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float figure\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Float figure\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Caption Standard\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "fig:Undefinable"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Undefinable\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps\r
        width 45col%\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Float figure\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Caption Standard\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "fig:Platypus"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Platypus\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/platypus.eps\r
        lyxscale 60\r
        width 45col%\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Caption Standard\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "fig:Two-distorted-images"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Two distorted images.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Table Floats\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Floats ! Table floats\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Table floats can be inserted using the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Table\r
\family default\r
 or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "float-insert table"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 They have the same properties as figure floats except that the table in\r
 the float is normally placed below the caption and not above like for figures\r
 and that the label begins with “tab:”.\r
 Table\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "tab:Table-float"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is a table float.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float table\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Caption Standard\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "tab:Table-float"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
A table float.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
1\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
2\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
3\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Joe\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Mary\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
Ted\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\int x^{2}dx$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}\r
a & b\\\r
c & d\r
\end{array}\right]$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $1+1=2$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
More Information\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Floats ! Details\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX offers you further float types as well as rotated floats.\r
 It also allows you to change the float numbering scheme, to control the\r
 float placement and to change the formatting and placement of the float\r
 caption.\r
 All these features are explained in detail with many examples in the chapter\r
 \r
\emph on\r
Floats\r
\emph default\r
 in the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Minipages\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Minipages\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Minipages"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LaTeX provides a mechanism essentially to produce a page within a page,\r
 called a minipage.\r
 Within a minipage, all the usual rules of indentation, line wrapping, etc.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
apply.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Minipages in LyX have their own collapsible box inserted via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Box\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Right-clicking on the box label allows you to alter the width of the minipage\r
 and its alignment within the page.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Box Frameless\r
position "t"\r
hor_pos "c"\r
has_inner_box 1\r
inner_pos "t"\r
use_parbox 0\r
use_makebox 0\r
width "30col%"\r
special "none"\r
height "1pt"\r
height_special "totalheight"\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\shape italic\r
This is a minipage.\r
 The text is set in an italic style.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\shape italic\r
Minipages are often used for text in another language or text that needs\r
 another formatting.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace medskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
If you place two minipages side-by-side, you can use \r
\family sans\r
Horizontal Fills\r
\family default\r
 as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\begin_inset VSpace medskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Box Frameless\r
position "t"\r
hor_pos "c"\r
has_inner_box 1\r
inner_pos "t"\r
use_parbox 0\r
use_makebox 0\r
width "1.5in"\r
special "none"\r
height "1pt"\r
height_special "totalheight"\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.\r
 This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset space \hfill{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Box Frameless\r
position "t"\r
hor_pos "c"\r
has_inner_box 1\r
inner_pos "t"\r
use_parbox 0\r
use_makebox 0\r
width "1.5in"\r
special "none"\r
height "1pt"\r
height_special "totalheight"\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.\r
 This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
When you right-click on a minipage box, you can transform the box to another\r
 box type.\r
 All box types and their settings are explained in detail in chapter \r
\emph on\r
Boxes\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
Mathematical Formulas\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Formulas | see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Math\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "chap:Mathematical-Formulas"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the \r
\emph on\r
Math\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
 There you will also find tips and tricks for special cases.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Basic Math Editing\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Basics\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To create a math formula, you can just click on the toolbar icon \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-mode on"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "math-mode"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 That will create a little blue rectangle, with purple markers around its\r
 corners.\r
 That blue rectangle is the formula itself; the purple markers indicate\r
 what level of nesting within the formula you are at.\r
 You can also choose a particular formula type to insert via the \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Math\r
\family default\r
 menu.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Editing the parameters of a formula and adding math constructs can be done\r
 with the \r
\family sans\r
math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
toolbar\r
\family default\r
, that appears if the cursor is in a formula.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are two main types of formulas, inline formulas and display formulas.\r
 Inline formulas appear within a text line, like this one:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This is a line with an inline formula \r
\begin_inset Formula $A=B$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Displayed formulas appear outside the text like if they were in a separate\r
 paragraph, like this one:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
A=B\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
You can only number and reference displayed formulas.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX also supports many LaTeX math commands.\r
 For example, typing \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
alpha\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, followed by a space, in a formula will create the Greek letter \r
\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 Typing commands might sometimes be faster than using the \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Panel\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Navigating in Formulas\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Navigating\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The best control over the cursor position within an existing formula is\r
 achieved with the arrow keys.\r
 LyX uses small rectangles to indicate places where something can be inserted.\r
 The arrow keys can be used to navigate between parts of a formula.\r
 Pressing \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 will leave a formula construct (a square root \r
\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, or parentheses \r
\begin_inset Formula $\left(f\right)$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, or a matrix \r
\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}\r
1 & 2\\\r
3 & 4\r
\end{array}\right]$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 Pressing \r
\family sans\r
Escape\r
\family default\r
 will leave the formula, placing the cursor after the formula.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Tab\r
\family default\r
 can be used to move horizontally in a formula; for example, through the\r
 cells of a matrix or the positions in a multi-line equation.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
, printed in this document as \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
spce \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This command will appear in the output as an official character denoting\r
 the space character (visible space).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, seems to do nothing in a formula, since it does not add a space between\r
 characters, but it does exit a nested structure.\r
 For this reason, you have to be careful about using \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
.\r
 For example, if you want \r
\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x+1}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, type \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
sqrt\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
spce \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2x+1\r
\series default\r
 and not \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
sqrt\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
spce \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2x\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
spce \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
+1\r
\series default\r
, since in the latter case only the \r
\family typewriter\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $2x$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
 will be under the square root sign: \r
\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x}+1$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can leave many parts of a formula, like this matrix, partially filled\r
 in, such as:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
\left(\begin{array}{ccc}\r
\lambda_{1}\\\r
 & \ddots\\\r
 &  & \lambda_{n}\r
\end{array}\right)\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
If you leave a fraction only partially filled in, or a subscript with nothing\r
 in it, the results will be unpredictable, but most constructs don't mind.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Selecting Text\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can select text within a formula in two different ways.\r
 Place the cursor at one end of the string of text you want, and press \r
\family sans\r
Shift\r
\family default\r
 and a cursor movement key to select text.\r
 It will be highlighted as with regular text selection.\r
 Alternatively, you can select text with the mouse in the usual way.\r
 That text can then be cut or copied, and then pasted within any formula,\r
 but not in a normal text region in LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Exponents and Subscripts\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Exponents\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Subscripts\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can use the math panel to add super- or subscripts (buttons \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-superscript"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-subscript"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
), but it is often much easier to use a command.\r
 To get \r
\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, type in a formula \r
\series bold\r
x^2\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
spce \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series default\r
.\r
 The final \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 puts the cursor back down on the base line of the expression.\r
 If you type \r
\series bold\r
x^2y\r
\series default\r
, you will get \r
\begin_inset Formula $x^{2y}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, to get \r
\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}y$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, type \r
\series bold\r
x^2\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
spce \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
y\r
\series default\r
.\r
 If you use characters in the superscript, that could be accented with the\r
 circumflex \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
^\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, you have to use an extra \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 to separate the circumflex and the character.\r
 For example, if you want \r
\begin_inset Formula $x^{a}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, type \r
\series bold\r
x^\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
spce \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
a\r
\series default\r
.\r
 Subscripts are similar: To get \r
\begin_inset Formula $a_{1}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, type \r
\series bold\r
a_1\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
spce \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Fractions\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Fractions\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Create a fraction either with the command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
frac\r
\series default\r
 or by using the icon \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-insert \\frac"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Panel\r
\family default\r
.\r
 You will be presented with an empty fraction.\r
 The cursor is above the fraction line.\r
 To move it to the bottom, simply press \r
\family sans\r
Down\r
\family default\r
.\r
 To move back up, press \r
\family sans\r
Up\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Any math structure can be placed in a fraction, as this example shows:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
\left[\frac{1}{\left(\begin{array}{cc}\r
2 & 3\\\r
4 & 5\r
\end{array}\right)}\right]\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Roots\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Roots\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Roots can be created using the \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Panel\r
\family default\r
 buttons \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-insert \\sqrt"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-insert \\root"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or the commands \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
sqrt\r
\series default\r
 or \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
root\r
\series default\r
.\r
 With the command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
root\r
\series default\r
 you can produce roots of higher orders, like cube roots, while \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
sqrt\r
\series default\r
 always produces a square root.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Operators with Limits\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Sums\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Integrals\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Operators-with-Limits"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Sum (\r
\begin_inset Formula $\sum$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) and integral (\r
\begin_inset Formula $\int$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) operators are very often decorated with limits.\r
 These limits can be entered in LyX by entering them as you would enter\r
 a super- or subscript, directly after the symbol.\r
 The sum operator will automatically place its \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
limits\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 over and under the symbol in displayed formulas, and to the side in inline\r
 formulas, as in \r
\begin_inset Formula $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, versus\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
\sum\nolimits _{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Integral signs, however, will place the limits to the side in both formula\r
 types.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
All operators with limits will be automatically re-sized when placed in\r
 display mode.\r
 The placement of the limits can be changed by placing the cursor directly\r
 behind the operator and using the menu \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Change\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Limits\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Type\r
\family default\r
 or entering \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "math-limits"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Certain other mathematical expressions also have this \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
moving limits\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 feature, such as\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Limits\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x),\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
which will place the \r
\begin_inset Formula $x\rightarrow\infty$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 underneath the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
lim\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in display mode.\r
 In inline formulas it looks like this: \r
\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x)$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Note that the lim-function was entered as the function macro \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
lim\r
\series default\r
.\r
 Have a look at section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Functions"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for an explanation of function macros.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Math Symbols\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Symbols\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Most math symbols can be found in the \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Panel\r
\family default\r
 under one of several categories; including \r
\family sans\r
Greek\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Operators\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Relations\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Arrows\r
\family default\r
.\r
 There are also the additional symbols provided by the American Mathematical\r
 Society (AMS).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you know the LaTeX-command for a construct or symbol you wish to use,\r
 you don't have to use the \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Panel\r
\family default\r
; you can type the command directly into the formula.\r
 LyX will convert it to the corresponding symbol or construct.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Altering Spacing\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Spaces\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You may want to create spaces that differ from the standard spacing that\r
 LaTeX provides.\r
 To do this, press \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or use the \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Panel\r
\family default\r
 button \r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-insert \\space"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
.\r
 This generates a small space, and shows a small marker on the screen.\r
 For example, the sequence \r
\series bold\r
a Ctrl+Space b\r
\series default\r
: \r
\begin_inset Formula $a\, b$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 appears in LyX as \r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/SpaceMarker.png\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 You can change the space to different sizes when you set the cursor behind\r
 the space marker and enter space again several times.\r
 With every space enter the size will be changed.\r
 Some markers for the space size appear red in LyX, because they are negative\r
 spaces.\r
 Here are two examples:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
a Ctrl+Space b\r
\series default\r
 and 3×\r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
: \r
\begin_inset Formula $a\quad b$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
a Ctrl+Space b\r
\series default\r
 and 5×\r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
: \r
\begin_inset Formula $a\! b$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Functions\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Functions\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Functions"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Panel\r
\family default\r
 contains under the button \r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-insert \\functions"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
 a number of function macros, such as \r
\begin_inset Formula $\sin$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset Formula $\lim$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\emph on\r
etc\r
\emph default\r
.\r
 (you can also insert them in a formula by typing \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
sin\r
\series default\r
 etc.).\r
 Standard mathematical practice is that functions are printed upright to\r
 avoid confusions, because \r
\begin_inset Formula $sin$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 does normally mean \r
\begin_inset Formula $s\cdot i\cdot n$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Using the function macros will also produce correct spacing around the function:\r
 \r
\begin_inset Formula $a\sin x$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is different from \r
\begin_inset Formula $asinx$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For some mathematical objects, like limits, the macro changes where subscripts\r
 are placed, as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Operators-with-Limits"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Accents\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Accents\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In a formula you can insert accented characters in the same way as in text\r
 mode.\r
 This may depend on your keyboard, or the bindings file you use.\r
 You can also use LaTeX commands, for example, to enter \r
\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 even if your keyboard doesn't have the circumflex enabled.\r
 Our example is entered by typing \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
hat\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
spce \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
a\r
\series default\r
 in a formula.\r
 Table\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "tab:Accent-names-and"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 shows the equivalences between the accent names and the commands.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float table\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Caption Standard\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "tab:Accent-names-and"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Accent names and the corresponding commands.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Name\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
E\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
xample\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
circumflex\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
hat\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
grave\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
grave\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\grave{a}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
acute\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
acute\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\acute{a}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
umlaut\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
ddot\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{a}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
tilde\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
tilde\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{a}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
dot\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
dot\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\dot{a}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
breve\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
breve\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\breve{a}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
caron\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
check\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\check{a}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
macron\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
bar\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\bar{a}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
vector\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
vec\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series medium\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph off\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\vec{a}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can choose one of the accents by selecting an item from the \r
\family sans\r
Frame\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
decorations\r
\family default\r
 symbol set button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-insert \\hat"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the math panel; this will apply to any selection you have made within\r
 a formula too.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Brackets and Delimiters\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Brackets\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Delimiters\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are several brackets available through LyX.\r
 For some purposes, using just the keys \r
\family typewriter\r
[]{}()|<>\r
\family default\r
 should suffice.\r
 But if you want to surround a large structure, like a matrix or a fraction,\r
 or if you have several layers of brackets, it is better to use the math\r
 toolbar delimiter icon \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show mathdelimiter"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 For example, if you construct the brackets around a matrix in this way:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
\left[\begin{array}{cc}\r
1 & 2\\\r
3 & 4\r
\end{array}\right]\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
it makes it easier to see the layers of parentheses.\r
 Below, the expression on the left was entered using the delimiter icon\r
 \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show mathdelimiter"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and the expression on the right was entered using the \r
\family typewriter\r
()\r
\family default\r
 keys.\r
 \r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
\frac{1}{\left(1+\left(\frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{1}{1+x}\right)}\right)\right)}\qquad\qquad\frac{1}{(1+(\frac{1}{1+(\frac{1}{1+x})}))}\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you use the delimiter icon, the parentheses, and other brackets from\r
 that menu will automatically re-size to accommodate the size of what is\r
 inside.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To construct brackets click on the button for the bracket you want on the\r
 left side and right side.\r
 If you use the option \r
\family sans\r
Keep\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
matched\r
\family default\r
, the selected bracket type will be used for the left and the right side.\r
 The selection will be shown below the button field.\r
 If you want one side not to have a bracket, use the blank button.\r
 It will appear in LyX with a dotted line, but nothing will be printed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you want to place brackets around math structures, like a square root,\r
 you can do so by first highlighting (selecting) the structure that is to\r
 go inside the brackets.\r
 Then choose the appropriate brackets for left and right and click on \r
\family sans\r
Insert\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The parentheses will be drawn around the selected structure.\r
 The most common bracket combinations (parentheses, square brackets, and\r
 braces, on both sides) can be entered more quickly using keyboard shortcuts.\r
 For example, to insert a pair of flexible parentheses on both sides, select\r
 the structure and enter \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "math-delim ( )"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Arrays and Multi-line Equations\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Arrays\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Matrices\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Multi-line Equations\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Matrices are entered in LyX using the \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Panel\r
\family default\r
 matrix button \r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show mathmatrix"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
.\r
 It will open a dialog for you to choose the number of rows/columns.\r
 Here is an example:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
\left(\begin{array}{ccc}\r
1 & 2 & 3\\\r
4 & 5 & 6\\\r
7 & 8 & 9\r
\end{array}\right)\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
The parentheses aren't automatic, but you can add them as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 When you construct the matrix, you can decide whether the column entries\r
 will be left-, right-, or center-justified.\r
 This alignment is set in the box \r
\family sans\r
Horizontal\r
\family default\r
 with the letters \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
l\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
r\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
c\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 LyX proposes a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
c\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for every column as default.\r
 For example, the sequence \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
lcr\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 means that the first column will be left-justified, the second will be\r
 centered, and the third column will be right-justified, because each letter\r
 corresponds to the relevant column.\r
 The result will look like this:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
\begin{array}{lcr}\r
this & this\, column & this\, column\\\r
column & has & has\, right\\\r
has\, left\, alignment & center\, alignment & alignment\r
\end{array}.\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can add more rows to an existing matrix by entering \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 while the cursor is in the matrix.\r
 Adding or deleting columns can be done via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Math\r
\family default\r
 or the math toolbar.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are other arrays used in formulas, such as distinctions of cases.\r
 It can be created with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Cases\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Environment\r
\family default\r
 or the command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
cases\r
\series default\r
.\r
 Here is an example: \r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
f(x)=\begin{cases}\r
-1 & x<0\\\r
0 & x=0\\\r
1 & x>0\r
\end{cases}\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Multi-line formulas are created when you press \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 within a formula.\r
 In an empty formula you can see that three blue boxes appear, one for each\r
 column.\r
 When you press \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in a non-empty formula, the part before the relation sign (equal sign \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
=\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 etc.) will be inserted automatically in the first column, the relation sign\r
 is in the second column, and the rest in the third column.\r
 A new row is created by every further entry of \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "newline-insert newline"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 Multi-line formulas are always displayed formulas.\r
 Here is an example:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\begin{eqnarray}\r
a^{2} & = & (b^{2}+c^{2})(b^{2}-c^{2})\nonumber \\\r
a & = & \sqrt{b^{4}-c^{4}}\label{eq:asquared}\r
\end{eqnarray}\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Note that the middle column is designed for relation signs so structures\r
 in this column will be printed in a smaller size:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\begin{eqnarray*}\r
\frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B}\r
\end{eqnarray*}\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The multi-line formula type described here is called \r
\family typewriter\r
\series medium\r
eqnarray\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
.\r
 There are other multi-line types more suitable for certain situations,\r
 for example if you want a better inter-line spacing than in formula \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand eqref\r
reference "eq:asquared"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The other types are described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:AMS-Formula-Types"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Formula Numbering and Referencing\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Formula numbering\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Referencing formulas\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To number a formula, set the cursor in the formula and use the menu \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Number\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Whole\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Formula\r
\family default\r
 or the shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "math-number-toggle"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The formula number appears in LyX within parentheses.\r
 The number shown is temporary and may be different when the output is generated.\r
 The placement and format of the formula number in the output depends on\r
 the document class.\r
 In this document the number is printed together with the chapter number,\r
 separated by a dot:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\begin{equation}\r
1+1=2\r
\end{equation}\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Using \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "math-number-toggle"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in a numbered formula will switch off the numbering.\r
 You can only number displayed formulas.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Multi-line formulas can be numbered line by line: Using the menu \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Number\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
This\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Line\r
\family default\r
 or the shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "math-number-line-toggle"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 will only toggle the numbering of the line where the cursor is:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\begin{eqnarray}\r
1 & = & 3-2\\\r
2 & = & 4-2\nonumber \\\r
4 & \leq & 7\r
\end{eqnarray}\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
To number all lines use the shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "math-number-toggle"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Every displayed formula can be referenced by its number using a label.\r
 A label is inserted with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Label\r
\family default\r
 (toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "label-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) when the cursor is in the formula.\r
 This opens a dialog to enter the label.\r
 It is recommended that you use the suggested \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
eq:\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 as the first part of the label, because this helps later to identify the\r
 label type when you have many labels in your document.\r
 We inserted in the following example the label \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eq:tanhExp\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the second line:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\begin{eqnarray}\r
\tanh(x) & = & \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)}\nonumber \\\r
 & = & \frac{\mathrm{e}^{2x}-1}{\mathrm{e}^{2x}+1}\label{eq:tanhExp}\r
\end{eqnarray}\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Every labeled line is automatically numbered.\r
 Therefore the label is shown behind the formula number.\r
 You can reference a labeled formula using the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Cross\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Reference\r
\family default\r
 (toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show-new-inset ref"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 A dialog appears to choose a label you want to refer to.\r
 The reference appears in LyX as a gray cross-reference box and in the output\r
 as the formula number:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This is a cross-reference to equation (\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "eq:tanhExp"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The properties of LyX's cross-reference box are described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Cross-References"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 To delete a label, set the cursor at the end in the labeled formula and\r
 press \r
\family sans\r
Del\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
User defined math macros\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Macros\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX allows you to define macros for formulas which is very useful when you\r
 have equations of the same form in a document several times.\r
 Math macros are explained in section \r
\emph on\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Macros\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Math\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Fine-Tuning\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Typefaces\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Typefaces\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The standard font for text is italic, for numbers the standard is roman.\r
 To set a font in a formula, use the \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Panel\r
\family default\r
 button \r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-insert \\font"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
, or enter its command, listed in table\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "tab:Typefaces-and-the"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, directly.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float table\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Caption Standard\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "tab:Typefaces-and-the"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Typefaces and the corresponding commands.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Font\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
mathrm\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
mathbf\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
mathit\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
mathtt\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
mathbb\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
mathfrak\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\shape up\r
\size normal\r
\emph on\r
\bar no\r
\noun off\r
\color none\r
\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
mathcal\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
mathsf\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 You can only print capital letters in the typefaces \r
\family sans\r
Blackboard\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Calligraphic\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
When you use a typeface, a blue box is inserted in the formula.\r
 Every character in this box will be printed in this typeface.\r
 Pressing \r
\family sans\r
Space\r
\family default\r
 within the box will set the cursor outside, so that you have to use a protected\r
 space when you need a space in the box.\r
 Here is an example where \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
N\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in \r
\family sans\r
Blackboard\r
\family default\r
 denotes the set of numbers:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
f(x)=\sqrt{x}\:;\: x\in\mathbb{N}\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The typefaces are nestable, which can cause confusion.\r
 You can, for example, put a character in \r
\family sans\r
Fraktur\r
\family default\r
 in a box for \r
\family sans\r
Typewriter\r
\family default\r
: \r
\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{abc\mathfrak{d}e}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 \r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
So it is better not to use this feature.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The typefaces have no effect on Greek letters: \r
\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{abc\delta e}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
You can only print them emboldened using the command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
boldsymbol\r
\series default\r
, which works like the other typeface commands: \r
\begin_inset Formula $\alpha\beta\gamma\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
boldsymbol\r
\series default\r
 works for all symbols, letters, and numbers.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A number of other font options are available as well, in the menu \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Math Text\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Text\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Typefaces are useful for entering some characters in some given font, but\r
 not for text.\r
 For typing longer pieces of text use the math text, which is obtained using\r
 the entry \r
\family sans\r
Normal\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
mode\r
\family default\r
 of the \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Panel\r
\family default\r
 button \r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-insert \\font"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
 (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "font-default"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 Math text appears in LyX in black instead of blue.\r
 You can use spaces and accents in math text as in normal text.\r
 Here is an example:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
f(x)=\begin{cases}\r
x & \mbox{if I say so}\\\r
-x & \mbox{under Umständen}\r
\end{cases}\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Font Sizes\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Font sizes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are four font styles (relative sizes) used in math-mode, which are\r
 automatically chosen in most situations.\r
 These are called \r
\family sans\r
textstyle\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
displaystyle\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
scriptstyle\r
\family default\r
, and \r
\family sans\r
scriptscriptstyle\r
\family default\r
.\r
 For most characters, \r
\family sans\r
textstyle\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
displaystyle\r
\family default\r
 are actually the same size, but fractions, superscripts and subscripts,\r
 and certain other structures, are set larger in \r
\family sans\r
displaystyle\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Except for some operators, which resize themselves to accommodate various\r
 situations, all text will be set in the styles that LaTeX thinks are appropriat\r
e.\r
 These choices can be overridden by using the math panel button \r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-insert \\style"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
.\r
 A box for the size will be created in which you can insert the math structure.\r
 For example, you can set \r
\begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, which is normally in \r
\family sans\r
textstyle\r
\family default\r
, larger in \r
\family sans\r
displaystyle\r
\family default\r
: \r
\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The four styles are used in the following example:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Formula $displaystyle$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle textstyle}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle scriptstyle}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle scriptscriptstyle}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
All these math-mode font sizes are relative so that if the whole math inset\r
 is set in a particular size with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\r
\family default\r
, all sizes in the formula will be adjusted relative to this size.\r
 Similarly, if the base font size of the document is changed, all fonts\r
 will be adjusted to correspond.\r
 As an example here is a formula in the font size \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
largest\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family roman\r
\size largest\r
\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{e}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
AMS-LaTeX\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
AMS math\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! AMS\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX supports the packages provided by the American Mathematical Society\r
 (AMS) that are in common use.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Enabling AMS-Support\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can make the facilities of the AMS-packages explicitly available in\r
 the document by selecting the checkbox \r
\family sans\r
Use\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
AMS\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
package\r
\family default\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 dialog under \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Options\r
\family default\r
.\r
 AMS is needed for many math-constructs; so when you get LaTeX-errors in\r
 formulas, ensure that you have enabled AMS.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
AMS-Formula Types\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:AMS-Formula-Types"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Math ! Multi-line Equations\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
AMS-LaTeX provides a selection of different formula types.\r
 LyX allows you to choose between \r
\family typewriter\r
align\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family typewriter\r
alignat\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family typewriter\r
flalign\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family typewriter\r
gather\r
\family default\r
, and \r
\family typewriter\r
multline\r
\family default\r
.\r
 We refer you to the AMS-documentation, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "AMS"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, for an explanation of these formula types.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
More Tools\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Cross-References\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Cross references\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Cross-References"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
One of LyX's strengths is cross-references.\r
 You can reference every section, float, footnote, formula, and list in\r
 the document.\r
 To reference a document part, you have to insert a label into it.\r
 The label is used as an anchor and a name for the reference.\r
 We want for example to refer to the second item of the following list:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
First item\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "enu:Second-item"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Second item\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Third item\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
First we insert a label into the second item with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Label\r
\family default\r
 or by pressing the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "label-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 A gray label box like this: \r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/labelQt4.png\r
        scale 85\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is inserted and the label window pops up asking for the label text.\r
 LyX offers as text the first words of the item with a prefix, in our case\r
 the text \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
enu:Second-item\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The prefix \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
enu:\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 stands for \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
enumerate\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The prefix depends on the document part where the label is inserted; for\r
 example, if you insert a label into a section heading, the suggested prefix\r
 will be \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
sec:\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To reference the item, we refer to its label using the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Cross-Reference\r
\family default\r
 or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show-new-inset ref"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 A gray cross-reference box like this: \r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/referenceQt4.png\r
        scale 85\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is inserted and the cross-reference window appears showing all the labels\r
 in the document.\r
 We can now sort the labels alphabetically and then choose the entry \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
enu:Second-item\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 At the position of the cross-reference box the item number will appear\r
 in the output.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
As an alternative to \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Cross-Reference\r
\family default\r
, you can right-click on a label and in the popup menu select \r
\family sans\r
Copy as Reference\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be pasted\r
 to the actual cursor position via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Paste\r
\family default\r
 (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "paste"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here is our cross-reference: Item\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "enu:Second-item"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
It is recommended to use a protected space\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Protected-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 between the cross-reference name and the cross-reference to avoid ugly\r
 line breaks between them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are six formats of cross-references:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
<reference>: prints the number, this is the default: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
(<reference>): prints the number within two parentheses, this is the style\r
 normally used to reference formulas, especially when the reference name\r
 \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Equation\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is omitted: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand eqref\r
reference "eq:tanhExp"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
<page>: prints the page number: Page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand pageref\r
reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
on\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
<page>: prints the text “on page” and the page number: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand vpageref\r
reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
If the label is on the same page, it prints “on this page”; if the label\r
 is on a facing page in a two-sided document, it prints “on the facing page”;\r
 if it is on the previous page which is not a facing page, it prints “on\r
 the previous page”; if it is on the next page which is not a facing page,\r
 it prints “on the next page”.\r
 The wording of the printed text also depends on the used document class.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
<reference>\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
on\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
<page>: prints the number, the text “on page” and the page number: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand vref\r
reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
If the label is on the same page, this format behaves like \r
\family sans\r
\series bold\r
<reference>\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
; otherwise it behaves like \r
\family sans\r
\series bold\r
on\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
<page>\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Formatted\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
reference: prints a self defined cross-reference format.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 This feature is only available when you have the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
prettyref\r
\series default\r
 or \r
\series bold\r
refstyle\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! prettyref\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! refstyle\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 installed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
You can select which LaTeX-package should be used for this feature by setting\r
 the option \r
\family sans\r
Use refstyle (not prettyref) for cross-references\r
\family default\r
 in the menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Document Class\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The package \r
\series bold\r
refstyle\r
\series default\r
 is the default and preferred because \r
\series bold\r
prettyref\r
\series default\r
 supports only English documents.\r
 The format is specified by using the command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
newrefformat\r
\series default\r
 (prettyref) or \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
newref\r
\series default\r
 (refstyle) in the LaTeX preamble of the document.\r
 For example redefining all references to figures (which have the label\r
 shortcut \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
fig\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) can be done with this command\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
newref{fig}{refcmd={Image on page \r
\backslash\r
pageref{#1}}}\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
For more information about the format, have a look at the package documentations\r
, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "prettyref,refstyle"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Textual\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
reference: prints the caption or the name of the reference: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand nameref\r
reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The number and current page of the referenced document part in the output\r
 is automatically calculated by LaTeX.\r
 The varieties are adjusted in the field \r
\family sans\r
Format\r
\family default\r
 of the cross-reference window, that appears when you click on the cross-referen\r
ce.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can only use the style \r
\family sans\r
<reference>\r
\family default\r
 to reference numbered document parts, while the reference style \r
\family sans\r
<page>\r
\family default\r
 is always possible.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you want to reference a section, put the label in the section heading;\r
 for floats put the label in the caption; for footnotes put the label in\r
 it.\r
 Referencing formulas is explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Right-clicking on a cross-reference opens a context menu.\r
 The entry \r
\family sans\r
Go\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
to\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Label\r
\family default\r
 sets the cursor before the referenced label.\r
 This entry will be renamed in the context menu of the label to \r
\family sans\r
Go\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Back\r
\family default\r
 so that you can use it to set the cursor back to the cross-reference.\r
 You can also go back with the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "bookmark-goto 0"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can change labels at any time.\r
 References to the changed label will automatically be updated so that you\r
 do not need to think about this.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If a cross-reference refers to a non-existent label, you will see in LyX\r
 “BROKEN” in the cross-reference label and two question marks in the output\r
 instead of the reference.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
References are described in detail in the section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Referencing Floats\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Table of Contents and other Listings\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Table of contents\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Outline\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:toc"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Table of Contents\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Table-of-Contents"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
List/TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Table\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
of\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Contents\r
\family default\r
.\r
 It is displayed in LyX as a gray box.\r
 If you click on it, the \r
\family sans\r
Outline\r
\family default\r
 window appears, showing you the TOC entries as outline, which allows you\r
 to move and rearrange sections in your documents.\r
 So this operation is an alternative to the menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Outline\r
\family default\r
 that is described in sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:The-Outliner"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The TOC in the document output lists every numbered section automatically.\r
 If you have declared a short title for a section heading, as described\r
 in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Short-Titles"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, it will be used in the TOC instead of the section heading.\r
 Section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Numbering-depth"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are\r
 listed in the TOC.\r
 Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
List of Figures, Tables, and Algorithms\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:List-of-Figures"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Table, figure, and algorithm lists are very much like the table of contents.\r
 You can insert them via the \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
List/TOC\r
\family default\r
 submenus.\r
 The list entries are the float captions and the float number.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
URLs and Hyperlinks\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
URLs\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Hyperlinks\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
URLs\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:URLs"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Links to web pages or email addresses can be inserted via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
URL\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here is an example URL: LyX's homepage: \r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://www.lyx.org\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You cannot change the style of the link text, the URL text will always be\r
 in the style \r
\family typewriter\r
Typewriter\r
\family default\r
.\r
 To be able to format the URL text, use hyperlinks as explained in the next\r
 subsection.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 URLs must not end with a backslash, otherwise you get LaTeX errors.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Hyperlinks\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Hyperlinks"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Hyperlinks can be inserted with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Hyperlink\r
\family default\r
 or with the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "href-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The appearing dialog has two fields: \r
\family sans\r
Target\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Name\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The name is the printed text for the hyperlink.\r
 The hyperlink type can be a weblink like this: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "LyX's homepage"\r
target "http://www.lyx.org"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, an Email address like this: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "lyx-docs mailing list"\r
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"\r
type "mailto:"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, or a link to a file.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can start applications via a hyperlink when you insert a weblink by\r
 adding the prefix \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
run:\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to the link target.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Hyperlinks will automatically be hyphenated if necessary in the PDF output,\r
 and become clickable in the DVI and PDF-output.\r
 To set the format of the link text, highlight the hyperlink inset and use\r
 the text style dialog.\r
 This is for example a hyperlink with bold sans serif text: \r
\family sans\r
\series bold\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "LyX's homepage"\r
target "http://www.lyx.org"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The link text color can be changed, when the option \r
\family sans\r
Color links\r
\family default\r
 is set in the PDF Properties dialog (menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
PDF Properties\r
\family default\r
).\r
 The link text is for example set in this document to blue by adding the\r
 option\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
urlcolor=blue\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
to the field \r
\family sans\r
Additional options\r
\family default\r
 in the PDF Properties dialog.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Appendices\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Appendix\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Appendices"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Appendices are created with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Start\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Appendix\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Here\r
\family default\r
.\r
 This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end\r
 as the appendix part of the book.\r
 This part is marked with a red borderline.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Every chapter (or section) within the appendix part is treated as an appendix,\r
 numbered with a capital Latin letter.\r
 The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot\r
 and the subsection number.\r
 All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,\r
 here two examples:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Appendix\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "chap:Credits"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
; Appendix\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Export"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Bibliography\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Bibliography\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Bibliography"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a LyX-document.\r
 You can include a bibliography database,\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Known under the name \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
BibTeX-database\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 which is explained in the next subsection, or you can insert the bibliography\r
 manually, using the paragraph environment \r
\family sans\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
, which was described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Biblio_environment"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 If you want anything other than the numerical citations that are used in\r
 this document, like author-year citations, then you must\r
\emph on\r
 \r
\emph default\r
use a bibliography database.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
The Bibliography Environment\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Within the \r
\family sans\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
 environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled\r
 with a number.\r
 If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a \r
\family sans\r
Key\r
\family default\r
 and a \r
\family sans\r
Label\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography\r
 entry.\r
 For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about LaTeX\r
 and we used \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
latexcompanion\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, a short form of its title, as the key.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can cross-reference a bibliography entry using the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Citation\r
\family default\r
 or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show-new-inset citation"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear\r
 containing the available citations.\r
 Select one or more keys from the list and \r
\family sans\r
Add\r
\family default\r
 them.\r
 Then press \r
\family sans\r
OK\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key(s).\r
 If you click on the box, the citation window will appear and you can change\r
 the reference.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Citation references appear in the output as the number of the bibliography\r
 entry with surrounding brackets.\r
 If you set a \r
\family sans\r
Label\r
\family default\r
 for the entry, the label will appear instead of the number.\r
 Here are two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label\r
 \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Credits\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Have a look at the \r
\family sans\r
LaTeX Companion Second Edition\r
\family default\r
: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "latexcompanion"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The LyX-Team members are listed in the Credits: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "lyxcredit"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To align all entries in the bibliography environment you can set a longest\r
 label via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Paragraph\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 (toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "layout-paragraph"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 All entries are then indented in the output by the width of the given label.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Bibliography databases (BibTeX)\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Bibliography ! Databases\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Bibliography ! BibTeX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Bibliography-databases"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same bibliography in different\r
 documents.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
They are also useful for keeping a database of articles and notes concerning\r
 them.\r
 Most of the database programs mentioned below allow you to store annotations\r
 and reviews along with bibliographical information.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 It also makes it very easy to have a uniform layout for all bibliography\r
 entries.\r
 You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of\r
 your working field in a database.\r
 This database can be used for different documents, and by default only\r
 the entries cited in a particular document will appear in the bibliography\r
 list for that document.\r
 This relieves you of the need to keep track of which articles and books\r
 you have cited.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The database is a text file with the file extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
.bib\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, containing the bibliography in a special format.\r
 The format is explained in \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "BibTeX-2"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and in the LaTeX books (\r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 The file can be created using any text editor, but normally one uses a\r
 special program to create and edit the entries in the database.\r
 A list of such programs is maintained on the LyX Wiki at \r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To use a database, use the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
List\r
\family default\r
/\r
\family sans\r
TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
BibT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
.\r
 A gray box will be inserted and a window appears.\r
 In this window you can add one or more databases and select a \r
\family sans\r
style\r
\family default\r
 file.\r
 The option \r
\family sans\r
Add bibliography to TOC\r
\family default\r
 adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.\r
 In the \r
\family sans\r
Content\r
\family default\r
 drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database\r
 in the document or just the cited references.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The style file is a text file with the file extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
.bst\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 that controls how the bibliography entries will appear.\r
 Your LaTeX distribution should provide several of these, and many publishers\r
 provide their own style files, so that you don't have to take care of the\r
 layout.\r
 It is of course possible to write your own style file, but this is something\r
 for experts.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
For information on how this is done, have a look at\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To generate the bibliography from a database, LyX uses the program BibTeX.\r
 You can choose which of its variants should be used by LyX as the \r
\family sans\r
Processor\r
\family default\r
 either in \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
 or in \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Output\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The following variants are possible:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
biber provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory, but does not work\r
 with other bibliography packages (e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
natbib\r
\series default\r
), only with the package \r
\series bold\r
biblatex\r
\series default\r
; recommended for multilingual texts and for languages that don't use Latin\r
 letters\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries\r
 that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works\r
 with all bibliography packages, except \r
\series bold\r
biblatex\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding,\r
 larger memory than \r
\family sans\r
bibtex\r
\family default\r
, works with all bibliography packages\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
BibTeX can be controlled with options that you can add below the specification\r
 of the variants.\r
 Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual\r
 of \r
\family sans\r
BibTeX\r
\family default\r
 \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "BibTeX"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
When you select the option \r
\family sans\r
Sectioned bibliography\r
\family default\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
 dialog, it is possible to have multiple and sectioned bibliographies.\r
 This and other options are explained in detail in section \r
\emph on\r
Customizing Bibliographies\r
\emph default\r
 \r
\emph on\r
with BibTeX\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Additional Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We use two bibliographies in this document to show the difference between\r
 the two methods of creating them.\r
 As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists\r
 only the database entries that are referenced in the document.\r
 We used the style file \r
\family sans\r
alphadin.bst\r
\family default\r
 to get the complicated German reference key scheme in the bibliography.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Bibliography layout\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Bibliography ! Layout\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In the citation reference dialog you can set a special citation format.\r
 For this feature you need to enable the option \r
\family sans\r
Natbib\r
\family default\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 dialog under \r
\family sans\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Setting a citation style for a reference will overwrite the default.\r
 For the global citation format use the BibTeX style files as explained\r
 in the previous section.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also set text to appear before or after a citation reference, in\r
 the citation reference window.\r
 Here is an example where the text \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Chapter\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
3\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 appears after the reference:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Have a look at \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
after "Chapter 3"\r
key "latexcompanion"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Index\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Index generation\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Index"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
An index entry is created if you use the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Index\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Entry\r
\family default\r
 or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "index-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 A box is inserted containing the text that appears in the index.\r
 The word where the cursor is in or the currently highlighted text is proposed\r
 by LyX as the index entry.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The index list is inserted in the document with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
List/TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Index\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
List\r
\family default\r
.\r
 A light blue box labeled \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
Index\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 will show the place where the index is printed in the output.\r
 The index list box is not clickable like other LyX-boxes.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
We give a short overview of the index commands in the next subsections.\r
 For a detailed description of LaTeX's index mechanism, have a look at one\r
 of the LaTeX books \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Grouping Index Entries\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Index ! Grouping\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Index entries are often grouped to offer the reader a fast search in the\r
 index.\r
 We want to group for example the index entries for itemized and enumerated\r
 lists under the entry \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Lists\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 First we create the entry \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Lists\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Lists"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 In the text field for the itemized list index entry in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Itemize"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, we insert the command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
Lists ! Itemize\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
and the command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
Lists ! Enumerate\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
for the enumerated list in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Enumerate"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The exclamation mark \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
!\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 marks the grouping levels.\r
 You can have three levels; every index level is indented a bit more.\r
 An index entry for the higher levels is not required.\r
 If we don't have an index entry for \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Lists\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, it will be printed anyway, but without a page number.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Page Ranges\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Index ! Page ranges\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Normally an index entry will appear with the page number of the indexed\r
 section.\r
 But sometimes you want to index more pages under the same entry.\r
 For example, if we want to index the paragraph environments, we create\r
 an index entry in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 with the command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
Paragraph environments|(\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
and another entry at the end of section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LyX-Code"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 with the command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
Paragraph environments|)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The commands \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
|(\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
|)\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 respectively start and end the index range.\r
 You can also add the same index entry at different places in the document.\r
 They appear in the output under one entry with a comma separated list of\r
 the pages of the indexed document parts.\r
 An example is the index entry \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Document ! Settings\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Cross referencing\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Index ! Cross referencing\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
It is also possible to refer to another index entry.\r
 We referred for example in the index entry \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
GIF\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Image-Formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) to the index entry \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Image formats\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the same section using the entry\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
GIF|see{Image formats}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
where the braces have to be inserted as TeX Code.\r
 The text within the braces is the referenced entry.\r
 The reference will appear in the output without a page number.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Index Entry Order\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Index ! Entry order\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you use accented characters in the index entry the entries might not\r
 follow the rules for the index order.\r
 The index entries are sorted alphabetically but LaTeX\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The index generating is done in the background by an extra program, see\r
 section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Index-Program"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 does not know how to sort accents in different languages.\r
 We have created as an example the three dummy index entries \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
maison\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
maïs\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
maître\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Dummy entries ! maïs\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Dummy entries ! maître\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Dummy entries ! maïs@maison\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 They will be sorted in the order maïs, maître, maison but we want the order\r
 maïs, maison, maître.\r
 To achieve this, we use the command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
previous entry@current entry\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In our case we want to have \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
maison\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 after \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
maïs\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and write therefore for the index entry of maison:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
maïs@maison\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The previous entry need not be a real existing entry.\r
 You can also use another word to tell LaTeX the entry order.\r
 See the next subsection for an example.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In some cases the index entry order is not correct when you are using the\r
 program \r
\family sans\r
makeindex \r
\family default\r
to generate the index (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Index-Program"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 \r
\family sans\r
makeindex\r
\family default\r
 would for example print the index entry for the LaTeX-package aeguill in\r
 sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Document-Font"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 after the index entries of the other LaTeX-packages although all these\r
 index commands start with \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
LaTeX-packages !\r
\series default\r
 \r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The reason is that the index entry for aeguill is in a footnote.\r
 To fix this \r
\family sans\r
makeindex\r
\family default\r
 bug, add these commands to the preamble of your document:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
let\r
\backslash\r
OrgIndex\r
\backslash\r
index\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
renewcommand*{\r
\backslash\r
index}[1]{\r
\backslash\r
OrgIndex{#1}}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Index Entry Layout\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Index ! Entry layout\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can change the appearance of index entries via the text style dialog.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Dummy entries ! \r
\shape italic\r
This is an italic dummy entry\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 You can also format the page number using the character \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
|\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 followed by a LaTeX-command without a backslash.\r
 We can write for example\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
italic page number:|textit\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
to get the page number in italic.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Dummy entries ! italic page number:|textit\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Normally all LaTeX-commands begin with a backslash, but in this special\r
 case \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
|command\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 means \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
command{page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
number}\r
\series default\r
.\r
 Have a look at section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to learn more about the LaTeX-syntax.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 Formatting single index entries only works when you use the program \r
\family sans\r
makeindex \r
\family default\r
to generate the index, see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Index-Program"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 If you use \r
\family sans\r
xindy\r
\family default\r
, this will not work for anything other than bold or italic text.\r
 This is because \r
\family sans\r
xindy\r
\family default\r
 requires you to define semantic elements before they can be used, see \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
after "p. 678 ff."\r
key "latexcompanion"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for details.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In general, we encourage you to not format page numbers directly as shown\r
 above.\r
 Instead, you should define a macro in the preamble and use that.\r
 Maybe you want all page references italic that refer to a definition of\r
 the indexed term, so that users can easily find definitions.\r
 If so, put the following in the preamble\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
newcommand{\r
\backslash\r
IndexDef}[1]{\r
\backslash\r
textit{#1}}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
and write\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
my entry|IndexDef\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
in the index entry.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Dummy entries ! my entry|IndexDef\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 The advantage is that, if you change your mind later or if your publisher\r
 insists that definitions must not be italic but bold, you just need to\r
 change the macro in the preamble, not every single index entry.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also change the layout for the whole index.\r
 For example, we marked the index list box of this document as bold to get\r
 a bold font for all index entries.\r
 For more advanced tasks you have to set up a so-called \r
\emph on\r
Index Style File\r
\emph default\r
, see the \r
\family sans\r
makeindex\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
xindy\r
\family default\r
 documentation for details, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "makeindex,xindy"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Index Program\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Index ! Program\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Index-Program"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If the index generation program \r
\family sans\r
xindy\r
\family default\r
 is installed, LyX uses it for index generation; otherwise the program \r
\family sans\r
makeindex\r
\family default\r
, the program that is part of every LaTeX distribution, is used.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Makeindex\r
\family default\r
 is very old, no longer under development and has many pitfalls, notably\r
 that it was developed with only the English language in mind.\r
 So it fails to sort anything other than a monolingual English text correctly.\r
 We have shown above how to fix this sorting.\r
 However, if you are writing in another than the English language, consider\r
 to use \r
\family sans\r
xindy\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Both programs can be controlled by options that can be set in LyX's preferences\r
 dialog, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LaTeX-settings"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The available options are listed and explained in \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "makeindex,xindy"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 In this dialog, you can also specify an alternative program to generate\r
 the index.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you need specific options or an alternative index program only for a\r
 given document, you can define the program and\SpecialChar \slash{}\r
or the options in \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Indexes\r
\family default\r
.\r
 This is especially useful if you need to pass language-specific options\r
 to the index program or if you need a specific layout style.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Multiple Indexes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In many fields it is common to have more than one index.\r
 For instance, you might need to set up a separate \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Index of Names\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 next to the standard index.\r
 LaTeX does not provide this possibility out of the box, but there are packages\r
 that add this feature.\r
 LyX uses the \r
\series bold\r
splitidx\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! splitidx\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 package to generate multiple indexes.\r
 The package is included in all recent LaTeX distributions.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
If yours does not ship it, consult the TeX-catalogue, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "TeXCatalogue"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 Note that the package does not only consist of a LaTeX style, but it also\r
 includes specific preprocessor programs that need to be installed as well.\r
 Please consult the package's manual for details.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To set up LyX for the use of multiple indexes, go to \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Indexes\r
\family default\r
 and select the option \r
\family sans\r
Use multiple Indexes\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Note that the list \r
\family sans\r
Available Indexes\r
\family default\r
 already contains the standard index \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Index\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 To add further indexes, add the name of the index (in the form that should\r
 also appear as a heading) to the \r
\family sans\r
New\r
\family default\r
 input field and press the \r
\family sans\r
Add\r
\family default\r
 button.\r
 The new index now also appears in the list.\r
 If you like, you can attribute an alternative LyX label color to the new\r
 index.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Once the document changes have been applied, you can find the new index\r
 list in \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
List/TOC\r
\family default\r
 and the \r
\family sans\r
Insert\r
\family default\r
 menu has a separate entry for each of the defined indexes.\r
 The workflow is basically the same as for the default index, but there\r
 are additional features:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
If you want to change the attribution of a specific index entry, right-clicking\r
 on the entry's label will open a dialog where you can do that.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
By right-clicking on an index, you can change its type.\r
 Furthermore, you can specify an index to be a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Subindex.\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 If you do that, the heading of that list will be decreased by one level.\r
 For example, if you use a book class, where the standard index heading\r
 is defined as a chapter, subindexes will be defined as sections and can\r
 thus be nested to the non-subindexes.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Nomenclature/Glossary \r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Nomenclature\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Glossary|see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Nomenclature\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Nomenclature"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Sometimes you need to provide a list of technical terms or symbols that\r
 are mentioned in your document with a brief explanation of them – a so\r
 called nomenclature or glossary.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To be able to create nomenclatures or glossaries, you need the LaTeX package\r
 \r
\series bold\r
nomencl\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! nomencl\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 installed.\r
 You find it in the TeX-catalogue, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "TeXCatalogue"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or in the package manager of your LaTeX-system.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A nomenclature entry is created if you place the cursor after a symbol entry\r
 and then use the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
\r
\family default\r
N\r
\family sans\r
omenclature\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Entry\r
\family default\r
 or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "nomencl-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 A gray box labeled \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
Nom\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is inserted and a window pops up asking for the nomenclature entry.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A nomenclature entry consists of two main entries.\r
 The first is the term or \r
\family sans\r
Symbol\r
\family default\r
 that you wish to define.\r
 The second is the \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
 of the term or symbol.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 You have to enter valid LaTeX-code for all fields of the nomenclature dialog.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Nomenclature Definition and Layout\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Nomenclature ! Layout\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you have symbols in formulas, you have to define them in the \r
\family sans\r
Symbol\r
\family default\r
 field as LaTeX-formulas.\r
 For example to get \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, insert this:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
$\r
\backslash\r
sigma$\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series default\r
The \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
$\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 character starts/ends the formula.\r
 The LaTeX-command for the Greek letter is the name of the letter beginning\r
 with a backslash \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 For capital Greek letters, start the command also with a capital letter,\r
 like \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
Sigma\r
\series default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
(A short introduction to the LaTeX-syntax is given in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You cannot use the \r
\family sans\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\r
\family default\r
 dialog to format the description text; you have to use LaTeX-commands.\r
 For example the description of the nomenclature entry for the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in this document is:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
dummy entry for the character \r
\backslash\r
textsf{sigma}\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
The command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
textsf\r
\series default\r
 sets the fonts to \r
\family sans\r
sans\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
serif\r
\family default\r
.\r
 To get \r
\series bold\r
bold\r
\series default\r
 font use the command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
textbf\r
\series default\r
, for \r
\family typewriter\r
typewriter\r
\family default\r
 use \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
texttt\r
\series default\r
, for \r
\emph on\r
emphasized\r
\emph default\r
 use \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
emph\r
\series default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If the characters |\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
,\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
!\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, @ and\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
"\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
should appear in nomenclature entries they need to be escaped by adding\r
 a quote character in front of them.\r
\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature\r
LatexCommand nomenclature\r
symbol "\"@, \"|, \"!, \"\""\r
description "The quote sign is output by writing ‘ \"\"\"\" '"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Sort Order of Nomenclature Entries\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Nomenclature ! Sort order\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The nomenclature entries are sorted alphabetically by the LaTeX-code of\r
 the symbol definition.\r
 This leads to undesired results when you, for example, have symbols in\r
 formulas.\r
 Suppose you have nomenclature entries for the symbols \r
\emph on\r
a\r
\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature\r
LatexCommand nomenclature\r
symbol "a"\r
description "dummy entry for the character \"a\""\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\emph default\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature\r
LatexCommand nomenclature\r
prefix "sigma"\r
symbol "$\\sigma$"\r
description "dummy entry for the character \\textsf{sigma}"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 They will be sorted by \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
a\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
$\r
\backslash\r
sigma$\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 – the \r
\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 will be sorted before the \r
\emph on\r
a\r
\emph default\r
 since the character \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
$\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is considered in sorting.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To control the sort order, you can edit the \r
\family sans\r
Sort\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
as\r
\family default\r
 field of the nomenclature dialog.\r
 Then the nomenclature entry will be sorted by this entry and not the symbol\r
 definition.\r
 For the example given, you can insert \r
\family typewriter\r
sigma\r
\family default\r
 in this field for the \r
\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, then \r
\emph on\r
a\r
\emph default\r
 will be located before \r
\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For subgrouping and tips for using sort entries see the \r
\series bold\r
nomencl\r
\series default\r
 documentation, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "nomencl"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Nomenclature Options\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Nomenclature ! Options\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\series bold\r
nomencl\r
\series default\r
 package offers some options to adjust the appearance of the nomenclature.\r
 Here are some of its options; for more have a look at its documentation:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
refeq Appends the phrase \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
, see equation (\r
\emph on\r
eq\r
\emph default\r
)\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to every nomenclature entry, where \r
\family sans\r
\emph on\r
eq\r
\family default\r
\emph default\r
 is the number of the last equation in front of the nomenclature entry\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
refpage Appends the phrase \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
, page (\r
\emph on\r
page\r
\emph default\r
)\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to every nomenclature entry, where \r
\family sans\r
\emph on\r
page\r
\family default\r
\emph default\r
 is the number of the page on which the nomenclature entry appeared\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
intoc Inserts the nomenclature in the Table of Contents\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To use one or more of the options, add them to the comma-separated document\r
 class options list in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog.\r
 In this document the options \r
\series bold\r
refpage, intoc\r
\series default\r
 are used.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also use the first two options above only for certain nomenclature\r
 entries when you add one of the following commands as last entry to the\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Description\r
\family default\r
 field in the nomenclature dialog:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\backslash\r
nomrefeq Like the \r
\series bold\r
refeq\r
\series default\r
 option\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\backslash\r
nomrefpage Like the \r
\series bold\r
refpage\r
\series default\r
 option\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\backslash\r
nomrefeqpage Short notation of \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
nomrefeq\r
\backslash\r
nomrefpage\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\backslash\r
nomnorefeq,\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
nomnorefpage,\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
nomnorefeqpage Turns off the corresponding options\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Words like \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
page\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 are automatically translated for some document languages.\r
 If not, add these lines to your LaTeX preamble:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
renewcommand{\r
\backslash\r
eqdeclaration}[1]{, see equation\r
\backslash\r
nobreakspace(#1)}\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
renewcommand{\r
\backslash\r
pagedeclaration}[1]{, page\r
\backslash\r
nobreakspace{}#1}\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
and replace \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
see equation\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
page\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 by their translation.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Printing the Nomenclature\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Nomenclature ! Printing\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To print the nomenclature, use the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Lists/TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Nomenclature\r
\family default\r
.\r
 A box labeled \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
Nomenclature\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 will show the place where the nomenclature is printed in the output.\r
 By right-clicking on it, the amount of space for symbols can be altered.\r
 You can choose between these settings:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Default a space of 1\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
cm is used\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Longest\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
label\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
width the width of the widest symbol of all nomenclature entries is used\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Custom custom space\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In the printed output the title of the nomenclature appears as \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Nomenclature\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 If you are not happy with the name, you can change it by redefining the\r
 command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
nomname\r
\series default\r
 in the preamble.\r
 For example, in order to change the name to \r
\emph on\r
List of Symbols\r
\emph default\r
, add the following line to the preamble:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family roman\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
renewcommand{\r
\backslash\r
nomname}{List of Symbols}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Nomenclature Program\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Nomenclature ! Program\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Nomenclature-Program"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX uses the program \r
\family sans\r
makeindex\r
\family default\r
, that is part of every LaTeX distribution, to generate the nomenclature.\r
 LyX's preferences dialog allows you to specify another program or to control\r
 \r
\family sans\r
makeindex\r
\family default\r
 by adding options, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LaTeX-settings"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The available options are listed and explained in \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "nomencl,makeindex"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Branches\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Branches\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Branches\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Branches"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Sometimes it is useful to hide some document parts in the output.\r
 For example a teacher who is setting an exam obviously doesn't want the\r
 pupils to see the answers, but having questions and answers in the same\r
 document will make the life of the markers of that exam much easier.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For these cases LyX allows you to put text into branches.\r
 The text will then only appear in the output when its branch is activated.\r
 To create a branch, either select the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Branch\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Insert New Branch\r
\family default\r
 (if you just want to specify a new branch) or go in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog to \r
\family sans\r
Branches\r
\family default\r
, where you can specify and change the name of the branch, its activation\r
 state (whether the content of the branch is shown in the output or not),\r
 its background color inside LyX and whether the name of the branch should\r
 be appended to the document file name on export if the branch is active\r
 (see below for an example).\r
 Furthermore, the dialog lets you merge two branches (just rename one branch\r
 to the name of the other) and to add \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
unknown branches\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (i.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
e.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
branches that were added to the document via copy and paste from other documents\r
, without having been defined) to the document's branch list.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Text that should be in a branch is set into branch inset boxes.\r
 These boxes are inserted via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Branch\r
\family default\r
 where you can choose a branch.\r
 You can later change the activation state of the branch by right-clicking\r
 on them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here is an example, where only the question text appears, the answer branch\r
 is deactivated and therefore does not appear in the output:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Branch Question\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Question: Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Branch Answer\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you activate \r
\family sans\r
Filename Suffix\r
\family default\r
 in \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Branches\r
\family default\r
, the name of the active branches will be appended to the file name at export.\r
 Consider for example a file \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Exam.lyx\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 which has the above branches.\r
 If \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Filename Suffix\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is active, the PDF export file would be called \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Exam.pdf\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 if both the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Question\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Answer\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 branch were inactive, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Exam-Question.pdf\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 if only the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Question\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 branch was active, likewise \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Exam-Answer.pdf\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 if only the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Answer\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 branch was active, and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Exam-Question-Answer.pdf\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 if both branches were active.\r
 This helps you to export different versions of your document easily.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To use conditional output inside places where you cannot insert branch insets,\r
 like inside equations, you can code special LaTeX definitions for each\r
 branch.\r
 For example you can define for the question branch\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
For an introduction to the LaTeX-syntax, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
newcommand{\r
\backslash\r
question}[1]{#1}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
newcommand{\r
\backslash\r
answer}[1]{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
and for the answer branch\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
newcommand{\r
\backslash\r
question}[1]{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
newcommand{\r
\backslash\r
answer}[1]{#1}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Branch Question\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
newcommand{\r
\backslash\r
question}[1]{#1}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
newcommand{\r
\backslash\r
answer}[1]{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Branch Answer\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
newcommand{\r
\backslash\r
question}[1]{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
newcommand{\r
\backslash\r
answer}[1]{#1}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Now it is possible to use the \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
question{\SpecialChar \ldots{}\r
}\r
\series default\r
 and \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
answer{\SpecialChar \ldots{}\r
}\r
\series default\r
 commands to obtain conditional output.\r
 Here is an example formula where only the \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
question\r
\series default\r
 part appears:\r
\begin_inset Formula \r
\[\r
x^{2}-2x-2\Rightarrow\question{x_{1}}\answer{x_{2}}=1\question{+\sqrt{3}}\answer{-\sqrt{3}}.\r
\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inside math, the same effect can be achieved using math macros, see the\r
 \r
\emph on\r
Math\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Each type of branch is allowed to have its specific style defined in layout\r
 files (e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
any branch inset can be automatically wrapped by your own LaTeX commands.).\r
 For this advanced usage, see the \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 manual, section \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Flex insets and InsetLayout\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
PDF Properties\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:PDF-Properties"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
PDF properties\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
PDF Properties\r
\family default\r
 dialog allows you to set up special options for the PDF output of your\r
 document.\r
 All these options are provided by the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
hyperref\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! hyperref\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 which will link all cross-references in the DVI- and PDF-output.\r
 This means that the reader of your document will be able to click on a\r
 table of contents entry or on a reference to move to the cross-referenced\r
 part of the document.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The header information in the dialog tab \r
\family sans\r
General\r
\family default\r
 is saved together with the PDF as file properties.\r
 Many programs are able to extract this information, for example, automatically\r
 to recognize who the author is and what the PDF is about.\r
 This is very useful to sort, classify or use PDFs for bibliography issues.\r
 When the option \r
\family sans\r
Automatically\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
fill\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
header\r
\family default\r
 is set, LyX tries to extract the header information from your document\r
 title and author entries.\r
 The option \r
\family sans\r
Load\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
in\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
fullscreen\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
mode\r
\family default\r
 will open the PDF in fullscreen mode, which is useful for presentations.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can specify in the dialog tab \r
\family sans\r
Hyperlinks\r
\family default\r
 how the links will look and if links for bibliographical backreferences\r
 are created.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Break\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
links\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
over\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
lines\r
\family default\r
 option allows long links to be split; \r
\family sans\r
No\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
frames\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
around\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
links\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Color\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
links\r
\family default\r
 both turn off the default behavior of enclosing all links in frames; \r
\family sans\r
Color\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
links\r
\family default\r
 colors the different links.\r
 The default colors are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\color magenta\r
magenta\r
\color inherit\r
 for hyperlinks and URLs\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\color red\r
red\r
\color inherit\r
 for links\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Labeling\r
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000\r
\r
\color green\r
green\r
\color inherit\r
 for citations\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
but you can change these in the field \r
\family sans\r
Additional options\r
\family default\r
.\r
 For example, in this document they were changed with the additional options:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If the option \r
\family sans\r
Backreferences\r
\family default\r
 is set, the hyperlinks will appear in the bibliography after the different\r
 entries, showing, depending on the option selected, the number of the section,\r
 slide or page where the entry is referenced.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In the dialog tab \r
\family sans\r
Bookmarks\r
\family default\r
 you can specify if PDF-bookmarks should be created for every section of\r
 your document to make it easier for readers to navigate through the document.\r
 You can decide if the bookmarks should be numbered like your document sections\r
 or not.\r
 With the \r
\family sans\r
Open bookmarks\r
\family default\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Level\r
\family default\r
 you can specify what sectioning level should be displayed in the bookmarks\r
 when opening the PDF.\r
 For example level\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2 will display all sections and subsections, while level\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1 will only display the sections.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
PDF properties are also used in this document.\r
 When you look in its document settings, you can see that some additional\r
 \r
\series bold\r
hyperref\r
\series default\r
 options are used.\r
 For an explanation of all them we refer you to the hyperref manual \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "hyperref"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
TeX Code and the LaTeX Syntax\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:TeX-Code"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
TeX Code Boxes\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
TeX Code\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:TeX-Code-Boxes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
As LyX uses LaTeX in the background, it supports many LaTeX commands and\r
 constructs, but not all.\r
 LaTeX contains hundreds of packages that provide different commands.\r
 All the time packages are being updated and new ones added.\r
 This has the advantage that you can typeset nearly everything as there\r
 is a LaTeX-package for every problem, though LyX cannot support all packages\r
 and their commands.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
But don't worry, you can use any LaTeX-command directly in LyX inside the\r
 TeX Code box.\r
 A TeX Code box is created by the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Te\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Code\r
\family default\r
 or by the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "ert-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "ert-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 The box can be opened by left-clicking and closed by right-clicking on\r
 it and selecting \r
\family sans\r
Close Inset\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can insert complete or incomplete commands as TeX Code.\r
 Incomplete means that the command argument can be Standard LyX text.\r
 For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word and are therefore\r
 using the LaTeX-command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
fbox\r
\series default\r
, you can write the command part \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
fbox{\r
\series default\r
 in a TeX Code box before the word and the closing brace \r
\series bold\r
}\r
\series default\r
 in a second TeX Code box behind the word.\r
 The word between the two TeX Code boxes is then the argument as it is in\r
 the following example:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/ERT.png\r
        scale 89\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
gives\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This is a line with a \r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
fbox{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
framed\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 word.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 At the end of LaTeX-commands without parameters, you have to insert a space\r
 to let LaTeX know that the command is finished.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
A Short Introduction to the LaTeX Syntax\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The LaTeX Syntax\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX Syntax\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
When you write larger documents or books, you will need to know something\r
 about the LaTeX-commands that LyX uses in the background.\r
 Because LaTeX is based on commands, you can \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
program\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 your text.\r
 This has the advantage that the layout of the document can be changed at\r
 any time if you know the right commands.\r
 For example, imagine you have to write a manual for a product and the deadline\r
 is the end of the day.\r
 Your boss has just complimented you for your good work but wants to have\r
 all caption labels bold.\r
 But you have over a hundred figure and table captions with non-bold labels\r
 in your manual.\r
 Of course it is impossible to change all caption labels manually in one\r
 day.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Now LaTeX comes into play.\r
 As mentioned above, for every problem there exists a LaTeX-package.\r
 First you have to find out which and therefore look in the LaTeX package\r
 database, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "Catalogue"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
As result you find that the package \r
\series bold\r
caption\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! caption\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is what you need.\r
 To use a package, you have to load it in the document preamble (menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
\r
\family sans\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Preamble\r
\family default\r
) with the command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
usepackage[options]{package name}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
All LaTeX commands begin with a backslash, the command argument is set within\r
 two braces and the options are set within two brackets.\r
 Note that not all commands have an argument and options.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In your case the package name is \r
\series bold\r
caption\r
\series default\r
.\r
 After a look in the documentation of the package, you know that the option\r
 \r
\series bold\r
labelfont=bf\r
\series default\r
 will change the font of all caption labels to bold.\r
 So you add the command\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
to the preamble and the problem is solved.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
For more commands provided by the \r
\series bold\r
caption\r
\series default\r
 package, have a look at its documentation, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "caption"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Note that some document classes have built-in solutions for well-known problems\r
 like your case.\r
 For example if you use a \r
\family sans\r
KOMA-Script\r
\family default\r
 class, you don't need the package \r
\series bold\r
caption\r
\series default\r
, you can instead write\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
setkomafont{captionlabel}{\r
\backslash\r
bfseries}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
in the preamble and the problem is solved.\r
 So if you plan to write a large document, you should have a look at the\r
 documentation of the document class you want to use.\r
 (\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
setkomafont\r
\series default\r
 is an example of a command with more than one argument.)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Commands in the preamble affect the whole document, while commands in the\r
 text affect only the text after the command or only the text used as command\r
 argument.\r
 To insert a LaTeX-command in text, use the TeX Code box as described in\r
 the previous section.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you want to learn more about LaTeX and its syntax, have a look at the\r
 LaTeX-books \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "latexcompanion,latexguide"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Newpage cleardoublepage\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
pagestyle{fancy}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
switches temporarily to a page style with custom header and footer line\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Left Header\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
rightmark\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
defines the header line as described below\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Center Header\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Right Header\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
leftmark\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Left Footer\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
thepage\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Center Footer\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\series bold\r
\color red\r
LyX's user guide\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Magic code:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\Upsilon=\frac{\sqrt[3]{\aleph}}{\spadesuit}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Right Footer\r
\begin_inset Argument 1\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
Roman{page}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Customized Page Headers and Footers\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Customized-Page-Headers"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Header/Footer line\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Header/Footer line\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To define a custom page header and footer line for your document, you need\r
 to set the \r
\family sans\r
Page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
style\r
\family default\r
 to \r
\family sans\r
Fancy\r
\family default\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog under \r
\family sans\r
Page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Layout\r
\family default\r
.\r
 As a second step add in the menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Modules\r
\family default\r
 the module \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Custom Header/Footerlines\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 This module offers the following 6\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
styles:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Left\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Header,\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Center\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Header,\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Header\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Left\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Footer,\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Center\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Footer,\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Footer\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
for the different positions in the header/footer.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Normally, headers and footers are set up at the beginning of the document.\r
 But you can change them anywhere you want to.\r
 Figure\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "fig:Page-layout"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 shows the page layout and where the header/footer styles will appear.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float figure\r
placement h\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\noindent\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="30line%">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="30line%">\r
<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="30line%">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Left Header\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Center Header\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Right Header\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none" width="90line%">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The normal text on the page goes here.\r
 The running header is above the text, and the footer is below (including\r
 footnotes).\r
 Headers/footers typically contain things like the page number, title of\r
 the chapter, company logo but your can use almost anything, except of floats.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Left Footer\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Center Footer\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Right Footer\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Caption Standard\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "fig:Page-layout"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Page layout with custom header and footer line.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note\r
\series default\r
: some document classes implement their own customized page headers and\r
 footers if \r
\family sans\r
Page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
style\r
\family default\r
 is set to “Default”.\r
 Check what these are before you specify your own customized page headers\r
 and footers.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Definition\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To define your header line, add all three header styles.\r
 The things you add to the styles appear on odd numbered pages, the things\r
 in the optional arguments on even numbered pages.\r
 For single-sided documents, the optional arguments will not be used and\r
 can be omitted.\r
 If you leave a style or its argument empty, nothing appears in the output.\r
 Defining the footer line works similarly.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For the definition, you will need some LaTeX-commands that are inserted\r
 as TeX code (menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Te\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Code\r
\family default\r
):\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\backslash\r
thepage prints the current page number\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\backslash\r
Roman{page} prints the current page number with capital roman numerals\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\backslash\r
roman{page} prints the current page number with small roman numerals\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\backslash\r
leftmark prints the current section number and title.\r
 If the document has chapters, it prints the current chapter number and\r
 title instead.\r
 It is called \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
leftmark\r
\begin_inset Quotes prd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 because it usually goes in a left header.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\backslash\r
rightmark prints the current subsection number and title.\r
 If the document has chapters, it prints the current section number and\r
 title instead.\r
 It is normally used in the right header.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Default header/footer\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The custom header/footer is not empty by default.\r
 The default header contains the chapter and section title and the center\r
 footer has the page number.\r
 In order to remove unwanted entries from the header/footer, include the\r
 relevant header/footer style in your document, but leave it blank.\r
 So, if you do not want a page number in the footer, include a blank \r
\family sans\r
Center\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Footer\r
\family default\r
 style.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Appearance\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The header and footer will appear on normal pages.\r
 Some pages are different.\r
 The title page has a style of its own, and so does any page that starts\r
 a new part or chapter in your book.\r
 Such pages will not have the custom headers/footers, but that is normal.\r
 There is for example no need to print a header with the chapter name on\r
 the chapter page where the chapter heading is in big bold letters anyway.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Header and footer decoration line\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
By default, you get a 0.4\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
pt thick line below the header and no footer line.\r
 This can be changed in the document preamble with the commands \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
headrulewidth\r
\series default\r
 and \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
footrulewidth\r
\series default\r
 in the following way:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
renewcommand{\r
\backslash\r
headrulewidth}{thickness}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
where thickness is a size in standard units like \r
\family sans\r
pt\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
mm\r
\family default\r
.\r
 If you don't want a line, set the thickness to 0\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
pt.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The lines can also be colored, but this requires more knowledge of LaTeX.\r
 If you really need this, have a look at the Internet or in sec.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
4.4 of the book \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "Mittelbach"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Several header/footer lines\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In case you need more than one text line as a header/footer, you can do\r
 this by adding a normal line break in the style definition.\r
 However, the default height of the header/footer is only the one of one\r
 text line.\r
 To expand the height, redefine the LaTeX length \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
headheight\r
\series default\r
 or \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
footheight\r
\series default\r
 in this entry in \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Lat\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Preamble\r
\family default\r
:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
setlength{\r
\backslash\r
headheight}{height}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
where height is a size in standard units.\r
 If you don't know which amount of space is needed for the height, define\r
 your header/footer and preview your document as a PDF.\r
 Then open the LaTeX logfile with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
La\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
TeX Log\r
\family default\r
 and use the button \r
\family sans\r
Next\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Warning\r
\family default\r
 to see if you can find a warning about the package \r
\series bold\r
fancyhdr\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! fancyhdr\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 If there is such a warning, it contains the space that you need at least\r
 for your header/footer.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
This example\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This example demonstrates what can be done with custom header/footers.\r
 Don't use it for your document as it is just an example.\r
 This example consists of the following definition:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Left\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Header \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
rightmark\r
\series default\r
, empty optional argument\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Center\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Header empty, empty optional argument\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Header empty, \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
leftmark\r
\series default\r
 in the optional argument\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Left\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Footer empty, \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
thepage\r
\series default\r
 in the optional argument\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Center\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Footer \r
\family sans\r
\series bold\r
\color red\r
LyX's user guide\r
\family default\r
\series default\r
\color inherit\r
, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Magic code:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\Upsilon=\frac{\sqrt[3]{\aleph}}{\spadesuit}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the optional argument\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Right\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Footer \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
Roman{page}\r
\series default\r
, empty optional argument\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\backslash\r
headrulewidth set to 2\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
pt\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In principle you can use almost everything in headers/footers, except floats.\r
 For more specialized features, for example, thumb-indexes, see the manual\r
 of the \r
\series bold\r
fancyhdr\r
\series default\r
 package, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "fancyhdr"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Newpage clearpage\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
pagestyle{headings}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
switches back to page style with the default headings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Previewing Snippets of your Document\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Instant preview\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Preview\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX allows you to generate previews of sections of your document on the\r
 fly so you can see how they will look in the final document without having\r
 to break your train of thought with viewing the output.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Prerequisites\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To get previews working, you need the LaTeX package \r
\series bold\r
preview-latex\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! preview-latex\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (on some systems named simply \r
\series bold\r
preview\r
\series default\r
) installed.\r
 If it is not already installed, you will find it in the TeX-catalogue,\r
 \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "TeXCatalogue"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or in the package manager of your LaTeX-system.\r
 You obtain prettier results if you install the program \r
\family typewriter\r
pnmcrop\r
\family default\r
 from the \r
\family typewriter\r
netpbm\r
\family default\r
 package; for LyX on Windows this program and also the LaTeX-package are\r
 automatically installed together with LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Enabling previews\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you would for example like to see in LyX your math formulas typeset by\r
 LaTeX, activate the option \r
\family sans\r
Display\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Graphics\r
\family default\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Preferences \r
\family default\r
dialog under \r
\family sans\r
Look\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
and\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
feel\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Display\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Then set \r
\family sans\r
Instant\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Preview\r
\family default\r
 to \r
\family sans\r
On\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Preview\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Size\r
\family default\r
 is the multiplication factor for the size.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you would like to see everything but your math formulas typeset by LaTeX,\r
 set \r
\family sans\r
Instant\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Preview\r
\family default\r
 to \r
\family sans\r
No\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
math\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Previews are generated when you load a document into LyX and when you finish\r
 editing an inset.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 Previews of an already loaded document are not in every case immediately\r
 generated by activating the option \r
\family sans\r
Display\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Graphics\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Reopening the document will fix such problems.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Selected document parts\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Besides math there are other cases where you might like to see a preview,\r
 for example things that LyX cannot render like rotated parts or things\r
 that are not yet supported by LyX.\r
 To do this, insert a preview inset via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Preview\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Insert or paste the stuff that you want to preview into this inset.\r
 The preview will be generated when the cursor is outside the preview inset.\r
 If you click on the preview, you can edit the previewed stuff.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
An example: To create rotated boxes, you use the LaTeX command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
rotatebox\r
\series default\r
 which is not yet supported by LyX.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
rotatebox\r
\series default\r
 is explained in section \r
\emph on\r
Rotated and Scaled Boxes\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Instead of the TeX Code boxes you want to see in LyX the final rotated\r
 boxes, for example to adjust the rotation angle to fit with the surrounding\r
 text.\r
 Therefore you create a preview inset and copy the text with the rotated\r
 boxes into it.\r
 Here is the result:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Preview\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This is a line\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
rotatebox[origin=r]{-60}{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Box Doublebox\r
position "c"\r
hor_pos "c"\r
has_inner_box 0\r
inner_pos "c"\r
use_parbox 0\r
use_makebox 0\r
width "1in"\r
special "width"\r
height "1in"\r
height_special "totalheight"\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
with rotated\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 framed text \r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
rotatebox[origin=lb]{60}{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=B$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and a formula.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Previewing works also for colors.\r
 In this example a special framed, colored box was created using the LaTeX\r
 command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
fcolorbox\r
\series default\r
:\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
fcolorbox\r
\series default\r
 is explained in section \r
\emph on\r
Colored Boxes\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Preview\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
fboxrule 1mm \r
\backslash\r
fboxsep 1mm\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
This is text within a colored, framed box.\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace medskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If LyX does not show a preview, make sure that you enabled previews as described\r
 above and also make sure that TeX Code in the preview inset is valid and\r
 that you loaded the LaTeX packages in your document preamble that are required\r
 by the TeX Code.\r
 If LyX cannot create a preview, you will in most cases also not be able\r
 to view your document due to LaTeX errors.\r
 So if you have to use some TeX Code and don't know if it is correct, the\r
 preview inset is a nice method to check it without the need to view the\r
 whole document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
LaTeX source code\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can preview the LaTeX source of the whole document or parts of it.\r
 Use the menu \r
\family sans\r
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
View\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Source\r
\family default\r
 and a window will be shown where you can see the LaTeX-source code.\r
 The window shows the source of the whole paragraph in which the cursor\r
 currently sits.\r
 You can also select document parts in LyX's main window, then only this\r
 selection (when it is more than one paragraph) is shown as source code.\r
 To view the whole document as source, enable the corresponding option in\r
 the source view window.\r
 If you check \r
\family sans\r
Automatic update\r
\family default\r
, you can see the changes as you make them in LyX; but note that if you\r
 have several documents open, this will slow things down as LyX updates\r
 them all, not just the one which is open at the time.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Advanced Find and Replace\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Advanced-Find-and"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Replace\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Find\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Introduction\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The advanced find and replace feature of LyX allows for searching of complex,\r
 format-sensitive text segments and mathematics contents within LyX documents.\r
 It is an enhancement of the standard (quick) find and replace feature.\r
 The key-features are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Both searching of text and of mathematical formulas is allowed, where the\r
 latter is done by entering mathematics in the usual way; not only entire\r
 mathematical formulas are found, but also parts occurring within more complex\r
 formulas\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Search may be format-insensitive, so that the searched text is found in\r
 any context/style (standard text, section headings, notes, and even mathematics\r
), or it may be format-sensitive, so that, for example, a word entered with\r
 a section heading will only be found within section headings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Search may be widened to a specific \r
\emph on\r
scope\r
\emph default\r
, i.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
e.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
a set of files which may be all the children of the document being edited,\r
 all the open files, or all the manuals available from the \r
\family sans\r
Help\r
\family default\r
 menu\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Replace may optionally preserve capitalization, so that the replaced text\r
 capitalization is adapted to the matching text (i.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
e.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
all lowercase, all uppercase, first letter uppercase followed by lowercase)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Basic usage\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The advanced find and replace feature is activated through the menu \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Find & Replace\r
\noun on\r
 (\r
\noun default\r
Advanced\r
\noun on\r
)\r
\family default\r
\noun default\r
 (shortcut \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "dialog-show findreplaceadv"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-toggle findreplaceadv"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 This opens the \r
\family sans\r
Advanced Find and Replace\r
\family default\r
 dialog.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Searching for text\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Enter into the \r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\family default\r
 LyX mini-editor a simple word, and search for occurrences of it by clicking\r
 on the \r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Next\r
\family default\r
 button at the bottom of the dialog (or just press the \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 key).\r
 The entered word is found both in text mode and in math mode, and in emphasized\r
, bold or normal face, and in both in section titles and in standard text.\r
 Pressing \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 repeatedly keeps searching forward while pressing \r
\family sans\r
Shift+Return\r
\family default\r
 searches backwards.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Case\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
sensitive\r
\family default\r
 option allows matches to occur only with the same case as entered in the\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\family default\r
 editor.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Whole\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
words\r
\family default\r
 option allows matches to occur only at word boundaries.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Searching for mathematics\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Mathematical formulas, such as \r
\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or something more complex like \r
\begin_inset Formula $\frac{x^{2}}{1+x^{2}}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, may be searched for by typing them in the \r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\family default\r
 editor.\r
 When searching for a formula, it is found both when it is alone and when\r
 it occurs in sub-formulas and nested parts of sub-formulas.\r
 For example the mentioned segments would be found in something like \r
\begin_inset Formula $\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{\frac{x^{2}}{1+x^{2}}}}.$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Style-aware search\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
It is also possible to search for text with specific styles.\r
 This is done by switching to the \r
\family sans\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 tab of the dialog and unchecking the \r
\family sans\r
Ignore format\r
\family default\r
 option.\r
 This way, entering in the \r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\family default\r
 editor\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
a normal word and searching for it would not find instances of the word\r
 occurring in emphasized or boldface.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
an emphasized or boldface word and searching for it would find the respective\r
 instances with the same face only, and within the same text style only.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
a normal word in a section heading, and searching for it, would find occurrences\r
 of it only within section headings.\r
 Also, if the text to search is given an emphasized or bold face, in addition\r
 to a section style, then it is found only when occurring with the same\r
 style.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
a displayed formula will only find instances of this formula that are also\r
 displayed formulas (and not inline formulas).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Replace\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The entries made in the \r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\family default\r
 editor can be replaced with entries made in the \r
\family sans\r
Replace\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
with\r
\family default\r
 editor.\r
 In order to find the next occurrence and replace it, click on the \r
\family sans\r
Replace\r
\family default\r
 button or alternatively press \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "break-paragraph"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Shift+Return\r
\family default\r
 while the cursor is in the \r
\family sans\r
Replace\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
with\r
\family default\r
 editor.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can replace with fully-featured formatted LyX entries.\r
 Typical scenarios in which to use this capability might be (just to mention\r
 two):\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
replacing occurrences of a word with a customized formatted version of the\r
 same word, for example replacing occurrences of a name like \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
func()\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 with its typewriter version \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family typewriter\r
func()\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
performing a notation rework of mathematical symbols, for example replacing\r
 occurrences of \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $R$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 with \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\mathbb{R}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (you may want to enable the \r
\family sans\r
Whole\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
words\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Case\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
sensitive\r
\family default\r
 options and disable the \r
\family sans\r
Ignore format\r
\family default\r
 option in the \r
\family sans\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 tab, in order to avoid replacing all \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
R\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 letters occurring in normal text), or occurrences of \r
\begin_inset Formula $x_{j}^{i}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 with \r
\begin_inset Formula $x_{i,\, j}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, or occurrences of \r
\begin_inset Formula $x[k]$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 with \r
\begin_inset Formula $x_{k}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Advanced usage\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There is a regular expression (regexp) based searching facility.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
A good explanation of regular expressions is given in this Wikipedia entry:\r
 \r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
target "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 You can search for a regular expression by inserting a regexp inset into\r
 the \r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\family default\r
 editor.\r
 This is done with the context menu \r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Insert Regular Expression\r
\family default\r
 while the cursor is in the \r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\family default\r
 editor.\r
 Characters entered within regexp insets are matched according to the regular\r
 expression matching rules\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Under the constraint that any (sub)expression must match a well-formed LyX\r
 segment, i.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
e.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
when matching LaTeX code, no segments with unbalanced {} braces are allowed\r
 to match expressions.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, while text entered outside regexp insets is matched exactly against the\r
 same text in the document.\r
 You can cut and paste regexp-mode insets.\r
 Examples of using such a feature may be:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Searching for all fractions with a given denominator: for example, entering\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
Find\r
\family default\r
 editor the fraction \r
\begin_inset Formula $\frac{.*}{1+x^{2}}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (where the \r
\begin_inset Formula $.*$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 on the numerator is the match-everything regular expression) finds all\r
 fractions with the given denominator.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Enumerate\r
Searching for all text with a given style: for example, after unchecking\r
 the \r
\family sans\r
Ignore format\r
\family default\r
 option from the \r
\family sans\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 tab, entering a \r
\series bold\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $.*$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series default\r
 regular expression and giving it an emphasized or bold face, finds all\r
 emphasized or bold face text respectively.\r
 Also, by inserting a \r
\begin_inset Formula $.*$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 regular expression in a bullet or enumerated list or a section heading,\r
 you can find all bullet or enumerated lists or section headings.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Finally, references to (sub)expressions in regexp may be used as usual:\r
 Enclosing parts of the expression within round braces \r
\begin_inset Formula $()$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, and referring back to them through \r
\begin_inset Formula $\backslash1$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset Formula $\backslash2$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, etc..\r
 For example, try searching with the regexp\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
[[:space:]]([[:alpha:]]+)[[:space:]]\r
\backslash\r
1[[:space:]]\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
in order to find word repetitions, if there are any.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The usage of back references in the replaced text is not (yet) implemented.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 Back references work both when occurring within the same regexp, and when\r
 occurring in multiple different regexps, where the numbering of back-referenced\r
 sub-expressions is absolute.\r
 That is,\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Formula $\backslash1$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 always refers to the first occurrence of \r
\begin_inset Formula $()$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in all entered regexps.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Spell Checking\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Spellchecking"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Spell checking\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX has a built-in spell checker.\r
 The menu\r
\family sans\r
 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Spellchecker\r
\family default\r
, the \r
\family sans\r
F7\r
\family default\r
 key or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show spellchecker"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 start the spell checking from either the current cursor position or the\r
 beginning of the currently selected text.\r
 A sidebar will appear showing any incorrect (or unknown) word found, allowing\r
 you to edit and replace it in a second line.\r
 Whenever an unknown word is found, the word is highlighted and the text\r
 scrolled so that it is visible.\r
 In the spellchecker sidebar, there is a box showing suggestions for a correctio\r
n, if any could be found.\r
 Clicking on one of the corrections will copy it to the \r
\family sans\r
Replacement\r
\family default\r
 field, double-clicking directly invokes the replacement.\r
 Unknown but correctly typed words can be added to the personal dictionary.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
By default, the dictionary file used is determined by the document language\r
 that is set in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog.\r
 You can specify the language of a word in the spellchecker dialog by choosing\r
 a different one at the top of the dialog.\r
 LyX can correctly spell check documents containing multiple languages.\r
 This works if you have set the language of the text parts using the \r
\family sans\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\r
\family default\r
 dialog (\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show character"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) and have the spell checker dictionaries installed.\r
 LyX automatically switches to the appropriate dictionary file.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
All spell-checker dictionaries supported by LyX can be downloaded from here:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
There are 2\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
files for each language.\r
 To install a dictionary, copy the 2\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
files into LyX's installation subfolder \r
\family sans\r
~\r
\backslash\r
Resources\r
\backslash\r
dicts\r
\family default\r
 and restart LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Further Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In the menu \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Language\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Spellchecker\r
\family default\r
 you can set the following things:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Spellchecker\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
engine Select the library LyX should use for spell checking.\r
 Depending on your platform, \r
\family typewriter\r
aspell\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family typewriter\r
hunspell\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family typewriter\r
enchant\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Enchant itself is a wrapper library having different configurable back-ends.\r
 Please consult the documentation or man-page of it to learn more.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
 are available.\r
 On Windows only \r
\family typewriter\r
hunspell\r
\family default\r
 is available.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Alternative\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
language If this field is not empty, LyX will always use the given language\r
 for the spell checking, no matter what the document language is.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Escape\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
characters Allows you to add non-standard characters that the spell checker\r
 should escape, e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
German umlauts.\r
 This should normally not be needed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Accept\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
compound\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
words Prevents the spell checker from complaining about compounded words\r
 like \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
passthrough\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Spellcheck\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
continuously Checks the spelling of your document as you type it.\r
 Misspelled words get underlined with a dotted red line.\r
 By right-clicking on an underlined word, suggestions from the spellchecker\r
 appear in a context menu.\r
 Choosing one of them will replace the misspelled word with the suggested\r
 word.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Spellcheck\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
notes\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
and\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
comments If enabled, the spelling of non-printed document content is checked\r
 as well.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Thesaurus\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Thesaurus\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Thesaurus"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX provides a multilingual thesaurus.\r
 It uses the same thesaurus framework as LibreOffice, OpenOffice and Firefox\r
 (namely the \r
\family typewriter\r
MyThes\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
target "http://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 thesaurus library, which is included in LyX).\r
 Therefore, LyX can directly access OpenOffice thesaurus dictionaries, which\r
 are available for many languages.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This section describes how new dictionaries are installed and set up for\r
 the use with LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Setting up the thesaurus\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family typewriter\r
MyThes\r
\family default\r
\emph on\r
/\r
\emph default\r
OpenOffice thesauri consist of two files per language: A file with the suffix\r
 \r
\emph on\r
*.dat\r
\emph default\r
 containing the data and an index file with the suffix \r
\emph on\r
*.idx\r
\emph default\r
.\r
 The standardized file names include the language code for the given language\r
 (e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
en_US\r
\family default\r
 for US English).\r
 For instance, the US English files are named:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
th_en_EN_v2.idx\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
th_en_EN_v2.dat\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you have LibreOffice or OpenOffice and its thesaurus installed on a Linux\r
 system, these files should be already on your system.\r
 On Windows you can choose in LyX's installer wich dictionaries should be\r
 installed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
All thesaurus dictionaries supported by LyX can be downloaded from here:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/thesaurus/\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
To install a dictionary, copy the 2\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
files into LyX's installation subfolder \r
\family sans\r
~\r
\backslash\r
Resources\r
\backslash\r
thes\r
\family default\r
 and restart LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Using the thesaurus\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To start the thesaurus, use the menu \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Thesaurus\r
\family default\r
 or the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "thesaurus-entry"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 while the cursor is at the word you want to look up or while a word is\r
 selected.\r
 A dialog pops up showing you probably related words that you can use as\r
 a replacement.\r
 The suggestions are grouped into categories.\r
 Note that, for some languages (such as English), the thesaurus does not\r
 only show equivalent words (synonyms), but also generic terms (such as\r
 \r
\emph on\r
organism\r
\emph default\r
 for \r
\emph on\r
plant\r
\emph default\r
), related terms (such as \r
\emph on\r
political\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
theory\r
\emph default\r
 for \r
\emph on\r
anarchistic\r
\emph default\r
), compounds (such as \r
\emph on\r
tree\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
diagram\r
\emph default\r
, if you look for \r
\emph on\r
tree\r
\emph default\r
) and opposites (antonyms) (such as \r
\emph on\r
girl\r
\emph default\r
 for \r
\emph on\r
boy\r
\emph default\r
).\r
 Generic terms, related terms and antonyms are marked as such.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The language is automatically chosen from the language at the cursor, but\r
 you can also switch it in the dialog, as you can enter new words to look\r
 up directly there.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Note that the thesaurus cannot handle phrases (only compounds that are in\r
 the dictionary, such as the above \r
\emph on\r
tree diagram\r
\emph default\r
), and you have to use the so called lemma form, i.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
e.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
the form that is used in the dictionaries (for many languages: first person\r
 singular indicative active for nouns, infinitive for verbs).\r
 For example, looking up the word form \r
\emph on\r
reporting\r
\emph default\r
 yields no results, while results are shown for the word form \r
\emph on\r
report\r
\emph default\r
.\r
 Your best bet is to highlight only the relevant part of such a word (e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\emph on\r
report\r
\emph default\r
 in \r
\emph on\r
report\r
\emph default\r
s); then you will get suggestions without needing to adjust the query in\r
 the dialog, and also the replacement will probably be correct (as only\r
 the highlighted part will be replaced; thus the ending remains).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Change Tracking\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Change Tracking\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Change Tracking\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Change-Tracking"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
When you work on a document collaboratively it is extremely useful to be\r
 able to see changes that others have made highlighted in the document.\r
 You can then decide if you want to accept a change or not.\r
 This can be achieved by turning on change tracking in the menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Change\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Track\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Changes\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Changes made in the document will then be highlighted by strokes and colors:\r
 \r
\bar under\r
\color blue\r
underlined text\r
\bar default\r
\color inherit\r
 is an addition, \r
\strikeout on\r
\color blue\r
canceled text\r
\strikeout default\r
\color inherit\r
 is a deletion.\r
 The color depends on the author that made the change.\r
 You can change the color in \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Look\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
&\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
feel\r
\family default\r
\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
\r
\family sans\r
Colors\r
\family default\r
.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Color ! Change tracking\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 The author and the date of the change are shown in LyX's status bar when\r
 the cursor is in changed text.\r
 The same information is shown when you use the toolbar button \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "changes-merge"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
When change tracking is activated, you will see the review toolbar in LyX:\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Toolbar ! Review\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace defskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/ChangesToolbar.png\r
        scale 90\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace defskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The review toolbar as shown above contains the following buttons:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace defskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "changes-track"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Change\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Track\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Changes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "changes-output"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Change\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Show\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Changes\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
in\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Output\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "change-next"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Jumps to the next change\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "change-accept"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Change\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Accept\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Change\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "change-reject"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Change\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Reject\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Change\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "changes-merge"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Change\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Merge\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Changes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "all-changes-accept"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Change\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Accept\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
All\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Changes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "all-changes-reject"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Change\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Reject\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
All\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Changes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "note-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Note\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Ly\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Note\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "note-next"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Next\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Note\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace defskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Not all changes are (yet) visualized, especially no format changes like\r
 from \r
\emph on\r
normal\r
\emph default\r
 to \r
\emph on\r
bold\r
\emph default\r
 font or \r
\emph on\r
Standard\r
\emph default\r
 to \r
\emph on\r
Description\r
\emph default\r
 paragraph.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The review toolbar helps you to accept, reject, or merge changes – highlight\r
 the change and press one of the desired toolbar buttons.\r
 When you merge changes, a window pops up showing you information about\r
 the next change after the current cursor position.\r
 So you don't need to highlight a certain change.\r
 Within the merge window you can decide to accept or reject changes and\r
 step to the next change.\r
 This way you can jump through all the changes in the document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The toolbar has two buttons to handle notes because notes are often important\r
 to describe a change.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To show the changes made in the output you need the LaTeX package \r
\series bold\r
dvipost\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! dvipost\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 installed.\r
 You will find it in the TeX Catalogue, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "TeXCatalogue"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or in the package manager of your LaTeX-system.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Comparison of Documents\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Comparison-of-Documents"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Comparison of documents\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can compare two different LyX files via the menu \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Compare\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The comparison result is a LyX file with change tracking enabled showing\r
 the differences.\r
 In the comparison dialog you can select from which document LyX should\r
 take the document settings for the resulting difference file with the option\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Copy\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Document\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Settings\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
from\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The option \r
\family sans\r
Enable\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
change\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
tracking\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
features\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
in\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
the\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
output\r
\family default\r
 enables the change tracking option \r
\family sans\r
Show\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Changes\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
in\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Output\r
\family default\r
 to visualize the differences also in the PDF output of the difference file.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
International Support\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
International support\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This section describes how to use LyX with any language you want.\r
 For some languages there are special Wiki-pages that explain how to set\r
 up LyX to use them: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "Arabic,Armenian,Farsi,Hebrew,Latvian,Lithuanian,Mongolian,Vietnamese"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Besides languages, LyX also supports phonetic symbols, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Special-Character"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Language Options\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Language ! Options\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Language\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Language\r
\family default\r
 dialog lets you set \r
\family roman\r
the language, the quote style and character encoding\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Under \r
\family sans\r
Encoding\r
\family default\r
 you can choose the character encoding map you want to use for LaTeX export.\r
 The option \r
\family sans\r
Language\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Default\r
\family default\r
 is the preferred choice and works well in most cases.\r
 For details about the different encoding options see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Language-encodings"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Keyboard mapping configuration\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Keyboard-mapping"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you have for example a U.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
S.-style keyboard and want to write in a language other than English, you\r
 can use an alternate keymap.\r
 For example, if you want to write in Italian, you can configure LyX to\r
 use an Italian keymap.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Editing\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Keyboard/Mouse\r
\family default\r
 dialog allows you to choose up to two keyboard mappings, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Keyboard-Map"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 You can choose primary and secondary keyboard languages and then select\r
 which one you want to use.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Finally, you may just want to change a few key mappings or create an entirely\r
 different keymap (for Vulcan, for instance).\r
 You may, for example, normally write in Italian on a U.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
S.-style keyboard but want to include an occasional quotation in German.\r
 In such a case, you can write your own keyboard mapping or modify an existing\r
 one to support the characters you want.\r
 This and many other customizations are explained in the \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
\start_of_appendix\r
The User Interface\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "chap:The-User-Interface"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This appendix lists all the available menus and describes their functionality.\r
 It is designed as a quick reference if you are searching for a special\r
 topic inside the user's guide.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
The File Menu\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Menu ! File\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Under the \r
\family sans\r
File\r
\family default\r
 menu are the basic operations in addition to some more advanced operations.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
New\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Creates a new document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
New from Template\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This menu entry prompts you for a template to use.\r
 Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for\r
 the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Open\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Opens a document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Open Recent\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The submenu shows a list of the recently opened files.\r
 Click there on a file to open it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Close\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Closes the current document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Close All\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Closes all opened documents.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Save\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Saves the actual document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Save As\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Saves the actual document under a new name to create a copy.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Save All\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Saves all opened documents.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Revert to saved\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Reloads the actual document from disk.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Version Control\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This is used when multiple people are working on the same document or when\r
 one person wants to keep a careful archive of changes.\r
 It is described in the section \r
\emph on\r
Version Control in LyX\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Additional Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Import\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can import files from older LyX-versions, HTML-files, LaTeX-files,\r
 NoWeb-files, plain text files and comma separated, table-like text files\r
 (CSV).\r
 The files will be imported as a new LyX-document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
When using the menu entry \r
\family sans\r
Plain\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Text\r
\family default\r
, line breaks in the text will start a new paragraph; when using the menu\r
 entry \r
\family sans\r
Plain\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Text, Join\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Lines\r
\family default\r
, consecutive lines of text will be imported to one big paragraph.\r
 A new paragraph will begin when there is a blank line in the file.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Export\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Export"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can export your document to various file formats.\r
 The resulting files are placed in the directory of your LyX-file.\r
 The menu entries are not the same on all installations.\r
 They depend on the programs found by LyX during its configuration.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here is a list of all available entries; some of them are explained in detail\r
 in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Output-file-formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
CJK\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
L\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
yX format of the special LyX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1.4.x versions for Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK)\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Since LyX 1.5.0 CJK support is fully integrated into LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
DocBook text file with code in the language SGML that is used for the markup\r
 language \r
\family typewriter\r
DocBook\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
DocBook\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(XML) text file with code in the language XML that is used for the markup\r
 language \r
\family typewriter\r
DocBook\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
DraftDVI LaTeX's native DVI-format.\r
 This format is not suitable if you have special characters or spaces in\r
 files paths or file names in your document.\r
 LyX use this format internally as a pre-stage to export to \r
\family sans\r
DVI\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
DVI DVI-format that also allows the useage of special characters or spaces\r
 in files paths or file names\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
DVI\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(LuaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX) DVI-format using the program \r
\family typewriter\r
LuaTeX\r
\family default\r
; supports Unicode and the usage of non-TeX fonts; \r
\series bold\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 not all DVI-viewers are currently able to display this output format properly.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Graphviz\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Dot text file with code in the programming language \r
\family typewriter\r
Dot\r
\family default\r
 which is used to draw visualizations of graphs via the program \r
\family typewriter\r
Graphviz\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
HTML HTML-format (the HTML-converter is a third-party product and may not\r
 work in all cases)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
HTML\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(MS\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Word) HTML-format specialized so that the result can be imported to \r
\family sans\r
MS Word\r
\family default\r
; as a consequence of this formulas will be embedded as bitmap fonts and\r
 not in the format \r
\family sans\r
MathML\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(\r
\family default\r
LuaT\r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
eX\r
\family sans\r
) \r
\family default\r
text file with the LaTeX source that is compilable with the program \r
\family typewriter\r
LuaTeX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(pdflatex)\r
\family default\r
 text file with the LaTeX source, additionally all images used in the document\r
 will be converted to a format that is readable by the \r
\family typewriter\r
pdflatex\r
\family default\r
 program (GIF, JPG, PDF, PNG)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(plain)\r
\family default\r
 text file with the LaTeX source code, additionally all images used in the\r
 document will be converted to the EPS-format, only this format is readable\r
 by the \r
\family typewriter\r
latex\r
\family default\r
 program\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(\r
\family default\r
XeT\r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
eX\r
\family sans\r
) \r
\family default\r
text file with the LaTeX source that is compilable with the program \r
\family typewriter\r
XeTeX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
LilyPond\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
book\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(La\r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
TeX) text file with the LaTeX source and also code in the syntax of the\r
 music notation software \r
\family typewriter\r
LilyPond\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
L\r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
yX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Archive\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(zip|tar.gz) creates a zip-archive or a tar.gz-archive file (depending upon\r
 your system) that contains your document and all files that are necessary\r
 to compile it (images, child documents, BibTeX files, etc.)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
L\r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
yX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
z.y.x LyX-Document in a format readable by the LyX versions z.y.x (\r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
z\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
y\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 represent the version number)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
L\r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
yXHTML HTML-format using LyX's internal XHTML engine\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
NoWeb text file with code in the format of the literate programming language\r
\family typewriter\r
 NoWeb\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
OpenDocument OpenDocument-formatted file, to be opened with \r
\family sans\r
LibreOffice, OpenOffice, KOffice, Abiword\r
\family default\r
, etc.\r
 (The OpenDocument-converter is a third-party product and may not work in\r
 all cases)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(dvipdfm)\r
\family default\r
 PDF-format using the program \r
\family typewriter\r
dvipdfm\r
\family default\r
, produces internally a DVI-file which is then converted to a PDF-file\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(LuaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX)\r
\family default\r
 PDF-format using the program \r
\family typewriter\r
LuaTeX\r
\family default\r
, produces PDF-files directly\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(pdflatex)\r
\family default\r
 PDF-format using the program \r
\family typewriter\r
pdflatex\r
\family default\r
, produces PDF-files directly\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ps2pdf)\r
\family default\r
 PDF-format using the program \r
\family typewriter\r
ps2pdf\r
\family default\r
, produces internally a PostScript-file which is then converted to a PDF-file\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(XeT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX)\r
\family default\r
 PDF-format using the program \r
\family typewriter\r
XeTeX\r
\family default\r
, produces PDF-files directly\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
Plain\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
text\r
\family default\r
 text format\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
Plain\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ps2ascii)\r
\family default\r
 text format, the document will first be converted to Postscript format\r
 and then exported as text using the program \r
\family sans\r
ps2ascii\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
\r
\family sans\r
Postscript\r
\family default\r
 PostScript format using the program \r
\family typewriter\r
dvips\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Sweave text file with the LaTeX source and also code in the statistical\r
 programming language \r
\family typewriter\r
R\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Using the \r
\family typewriter\r
R\r
\family default\r
-function \r
\family typewriter\r
Sweave\r
\family default\r
 it is possible to use \r
\family typewriter\r
R\r
\family default\r
-commands in LaTeX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If one of the menu entries \r
\family sans\r
DVI\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(pdflatex)\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Postscript\r
\family default\r
 is missing, you need to update your LaTeX installation.\r
 After updating you have to reconfigure LyX, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Reconfiguration of LyX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Print\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
With this menu entry you can print your document to a file in PostScript\r
 format or send it to a printer.\r
 The printer will also use the document in PostScript format.\r
 The conversion to PostScript is done in the background by LyX using the\r
 program \r
\family typewriter\r
dvips\r
\family default\r
.\r
 For more information have a look at section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Printing-the-File"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Fax\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This menu entry will only appear if you have a fax program installed (on\r
 Windows you additionally need to register its program path to LyX's PATH\r
 prefix, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Paths"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 With this menu entry you can send your document to a fax program like \r
\family typewriter\r
hylapex\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family typewriter\r
kdeprintfax\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The default format of the sent file is PostScript.\r
 The format can be changed in LyX's preferences as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Converters"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
New and Close Window\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Opens or closes a new instance of LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Exit\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Prompts you to save all unsaved documents and then exits.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
The Edit Menu\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Menu ! Edit\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Undo and Redo\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Undo-and-Redo"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Cut, Copy, Paste, Paste Recent, Paste Special\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Select Whole Inset\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Selects the content of the inset where the cursor is currently in.\r
 If the cursor is outside of an inset, the whole document will be selected.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Select All\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Selects the whole document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Find & Replace (Quick)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Find & Replace (Advanced)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Advanced-Find-and"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Move Paragraph Up/Down\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This shifts the paragraph where the cursor is currently in one paragraph\r
 up or down.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Text Style\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Paragraph Settings\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paragraph ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Enables you to set the paragraph alignment, line spacing and label width.\r
 These settings only affect the paragraph in which the cursor is currently\r
 in.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also prevent the first line of the paragraph being indented if you\r
 have chosen to separate paragraphs with indents in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog under \r
\family sans\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Layout\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Table Settings and Math\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
These two menus are only fully active if the cursor is inside a table or\r
 a formula.\r
 Here you can change the properties of tables and formulas.\r
 The properties of tables are described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Tables"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, the properties of formulas in chapter\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "chap:Mathematical-Formulas"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Increase / Decrease List Depth\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
These menu entries are only active if the cursor is in an environment that\r
 can be nested.\r
 They increase/decrease the environment nesting level as explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Nesting"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Numbering-depth"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
The View Menu\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Menu ! View\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
At the bottom of the \r
\family sans\r
View\r
\family default\r
 menu the opened documents are listed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Open/Close all Insets\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Opens/closes all insets in your document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Unfold/Fold Math Macros\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Unfolds/folds the current math macro.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Math macros are described in the \r
\emph on\r
Math\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
View Source\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Opens a window showing the source code of the actual document, as described\r
 in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
View Messages\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Opens a window showing console messages.\r
 This is useful for debugging LyX (i.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
e., hunt for errors in the program) or to see what is going on in the background\r
 while LaTeX is processing the document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
View\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This menu entry generates the output in the format you have specified as\r
 default output format either in the preferences (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:File-Formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) or in the document settings (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Doc-Output"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) and opens it in an appropriate viewer.\r
 The viewer can be set or changed in the preferences, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:File-Formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The default viewers are set by LyX when it is first configured.\r
 The default output format is \r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(pdflatex)\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
View (Other Formats)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
With this submenu you can view your document in alternative output formats.\r
 The menu contains a list of available formats in which you can view the\r
 actual document with an external program.\r
 The menu entries are not the same on all installations — it depends on\r
 the LaTeX programs that are found while LyX was configured.\r
 All possible formats are listed in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Export"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 You should at least see the menu entry \r
\family sans\r
DVI\r
\family default\r
.\r
 If it is missing, you need to update or repair your LaTeX installation.\r
 After updating you have to reconfigure LyX, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Reconfiguration of LyX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Invoking a menu will start a viewer program.\r
 The viewer can be set or changed in the preferences, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:File-Formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The default viewers are set by LyX when it is first configured.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Update\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This menu entry allows you to update the view with your latest changes (in\r
 the default output format) without opening a new viewer window.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Update (Other Formats)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
With this submenu you can update the view of alternative output formats\r
 of your document without opening a new viewer window.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
View Master Document\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This menu item is only visible if your document is included to another document,\r
 which is then its \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
master\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (see section \r
\emph on\r
Child Documents\r
\emph default\r
 in the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual for more information on this topic).\r
 This item allows you to view the master document from within its child.\r
 That is, if you are working on a child document which is a chapter of a\r
 book, \r
\family sans\r
View Master\r
\family default\r
 generates the output of the whole book, while \r
\family sans\r
View\r
\family default\r
 will just output the chapter alone.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The format used by this function is the default output format as specified\r
 in the preferences (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:File-Formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) or in the document settings (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Doc-Output"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Update Master Document\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This menu item is only visible if your document is included to another document,\r
 which is then its \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
master\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (see section \r
\emph on\r
Child Documents\r
\emph default\r
 in the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual for more information on this topic).\r
 This item allows you to update the view of a master document from within\r
 its child without the need to switch to the master document itself.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The format used by this function is the default output format as specified\r
 in the preferences (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:File-Formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) or in the document settings (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Doc-Output"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Split View\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This will split LyX's main window vertically or horizontally.\r
 This allows you to view documents at the same time to compare them, or\r
 to view the same document, but at different positions.\r
 You can even split the main window several times to view for example 3\r
 or more documents at the same time.\r
 To return to an unsplit view, use the menu \r
\family sans\r
Close Current View\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Close Current View\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Closes a split view.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Fullscreen\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Using this menu entry or pressing F11 removes the menu bar and all toolbars\r
 so that you will see nothing but your text.\r
 It furthermore displays LyX's main window fullscreen.\r
 To return from fullscreen to the normal view, press F11, or right-click\r
 and turn off the fullscreen mode in the context menu.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Toolbars\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Toolbars"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Toolbar\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In this menu entry you can set the appearance of the different toolbars.\r
 All toolbars and the \r
\family sans\r
Command\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Buffer\r
\family default\r
 can be turned on and off.\r
 The \r
\emph on\r
on\r
\emph default\r
 state is denoted in the menu with a checkmark.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Review\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Table\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Panels\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Macros\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\family default\r
 toolbars can be additionally set to the state \r
\emph on\r
automatic\r
\emph default\r
 that is denoted in the menu with the suffix \r
\family sans\r
(auto)\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In the \r
\emph on\r
on\r
\emph default\r
 state the toolbar is permanently shown, in the \r
\emph on\r
automatic\r
\emph default\r
 state the toolbar is only shown when the cursor is in a certain environment\r
 or when a certain feature is enabled.\r
 That means that the review toolbar will only be shown if change tracking\r
 is activated, the math and table toolbars are only shown if the cursor\r
 is inside a formula or table, respectively.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX's toolbars and their buttons are explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Toolbars"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
The Insert Menu\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Menu ! Insert\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Math\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts math constructs that are explained in chapter\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "chap:Mathematical-Formulas"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and the \r
\emph on\r
Math\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Special Character\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Special-Character"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can insert the following characters:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Symbols Inserts any character that can be output by your LaTeX system.\r
 Therefore the number of character categories in this dialog and the available\r
 characters depend on the LaTeX-packages you have installed.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 \r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 Not all characters will be visible in the \r
\family sans\r
Symbols\r
\family default\r
 dialog because none of the screen fonts that you can set in the preferences\r
 dialog (see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Screen-Fonts"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) can display every character.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Ellipsis Inserts an ellipsis: \SpecialChar \ldots{}\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
End\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
of\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Sentence Inserts an end of sentence dot as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Abbreviations"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Ordinary\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Quote Inserts this quote: ", no matter what quote type you selected in the\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog under \r
\family sans\r
Language\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Single\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Quote Inserts \r
\change_deleted -712698321 1345809482\r
this\r
\change_inserted -712698321 1345809484\r
a single\r
\change_unchanged\r
 quote\r
\change_deleted -712698321 1345809487\r
: \r
\begin_inset Quotes ers\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\change_inserted -712698321 1345809513\r
 in the quotation marks style selected in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
 dialog under \r
\family sans\r
Language\r
\family default\r
.\r
\change_unchanged\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Protected\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Hyphen Inserts a hyphen that is protected from line breaks: \SpecialChar \nobreakdash-\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Breakable\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Slash Inserts a slash where also a line break can occur: \SpecialChar \slash{}\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Menu\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Separator Inserts the menu separator sign: \SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Phonetic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Symbols \r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Phonetic symbols\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Language ! Phonetic symbols\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\change_deleted -712698321 1345808954\r
Creates a formula with a so called tipa inset\r
\change_inserted -712698321 1345808969\r
Inserts a box where\r
\change_deleted -712698321 1345809001\r
.\r
 Here\r
\change_unchanged\r
 you can insert \r
\change_deleted -712698321 1345809047\r
commands to create IPA phonetic \r
\change_unchanged\r
symbols\r
\change_inserted -712698321 1345809189\r
 from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and opens a toolbar which\r
 provides a large set of these symbols\r
\change_unchanged\r
.\r
 \r
\change_deleted -712698321 1345809068\r
For\r
\change_inserted -712698321 1345809068\r
To use\r
\change_unchanged\r
 this feature \r
\change_inserted -712698321 1345809224\r
with traditional LaTeX \r
\change_unchanged\r
you must have the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
tipa\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! tipa\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 installed.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\change_deleted -712698321 1345809282\r
For m\r
\change_inserted -712698321 1345809283\r
M\r
\change_unchanged\r
ore information about this feature \r
\change_deleted -712698321 1345809286\r
we refer you to the documentation of \r
\series bold\r
tipa, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "tipa"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series default\r
 and this Wiki-page:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\change_inserted -712698321 1345809397\r
can be found in the Linguistics manual (\r
\family sans\r
Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Linguistics Manual\r
\family default\r
).\r
\change_unchanged\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Formatting\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can insert the following format constructs:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Superscript Inserts a superscript: test\r
\begin_inset script superscript\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
a, b\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Subscript Inserts a subscript: test\r
\begin_inset script subscript\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
3x\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Protected\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space Inserts a protected space that is described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Protected-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Inter-word\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space Inserts an inter-word space that is described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Inter-word-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Thin\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space Inserts a thin space that is described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Thin-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Horizontal\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space Inserts horizontal space, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for a description.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Horizontal\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Line Inserts a horizontal line, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Horizontal-Lines"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for a description.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Vertical\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Space Inserts vertical space, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Vertical-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for a description.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Phantom Inserts Phantom space, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Phantom-Space"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Hyphenation\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Point Inserts a hyphenation point, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Hyphenation"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Ligature\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Break Inserts a ligature break, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Ligatures"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Ragged\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Line\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Break Inserts a forced line break, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Forced-Line-Breaks"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Justified\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Break Inserts a forced line break that furthermore stretches the broken\r
 text line to the page border, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Forced-Line-Breaks"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
New\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Page Inserts a forced page break, described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Forced-Page-Breaks"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Page\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Break Inserts a forced page break that furthermore stretches the broken\r
 text page to the page border, described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Forced-Page-Breaks"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Clear\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Page Inserts a clear page break, described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Clear-Page-Breaks"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Clear\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Double\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Page Inserts a clear doublepage break, described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Clear-Page-Breaks"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
List / TOC\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Various lists can be inserted with this menu entry.\r
 The table of contents, the algorithm, figures and tables list are described\r
 in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:toc"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The index list is described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Index"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, the nomenclature in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Nomenclature"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and the BibTeX bibliography in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Bibliography-databases"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Float\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To insert floats, described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Floats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Note\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To insert notes, described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Notes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Branch\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts branch insets as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Branches"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Custom Insets\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts document class-specific insets.\r
 Such insets only exist if they are defined in the layout file for a certain\r
 document class.\r
 An example is the document class \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
article (Elsevier)\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 with three custom insets.\r
 The section \r
\emph on\r
Flex insets and InsetLayout\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 manual explains how custom insets are defined.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
File\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
External Material\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This menu entry allows you to insert or include the contents of other files\r
 in your document.\r
 How you can do this is explained in detail in the chapter \r
\emph on\r
External Stuff\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Box\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Boxes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a minipage box that is described section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Minipages"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 All box types supported by LyX are explained in detail in the chapter \r
\emph on\r
Boxes\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Citation\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a citation as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Bibliography"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Cross-Reference\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a cross-reference as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Cross-References"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Label\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a label as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Cross-References"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Caption\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Captions\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Longtables ! Caption\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a caption in a float or longtable.\r
 Floats are described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Floats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, captions in longtables are described in the section \r
\emph on\r
Longtable Captions\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Index Entry\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts an index entry as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Index"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Nomenclature Entry\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a nomenclature entry as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Nomenclature"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Table\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a table.\r
 Tables are described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Tables"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Graphics\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a graphic.\r
 Graphics are described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Graphics"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
URL\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a URL as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:URLs"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Hyperlinks\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a hyperlink as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Hyperlinks"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Footnote\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a footnote, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Footnotes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Marginal Note\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a marginal note, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Marginal-Notes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Short Title\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a short title, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Short-Titles"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
TeX Code\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a TeX Code box, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:TeX-Code-Boxes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for a description.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Program Listing\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Program listings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a program listings box.\r
 Program listings are explained in the chapter \r
\emph on\r
Program Code Listings\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Date\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts the actual date.\r
 The format depends on the date format of the language that is used for\r
 LyX's menus.\r
 LyX offers various ways to insert a date which are explained and also compared\r
 in the section \r
\emph on\r
External Material\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Preview\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Inserts a preview inset, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for a description.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
The Navigate Menu\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Menu ! Navigate\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This menu lists the existing chapters, sections, figures, tables, etc.\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
of the current document.\r
 This allows you to navigate easily through your document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Bookmarks\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
With this menu entry you are able to define your own bookmarks.\r
 This is useful when you are working on a large document and often have\r
 to jump e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
between section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2.5 and 6.3.\r
 To create bookmarks for this example, go to section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
2.5 and use the submenu \r
\family sans\r
Save\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Bookmark\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Then go to section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
6.3 and use \r
\family sans\r
Save\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Bookmark\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
2.\r
 Now you can jump easily between these sections by using the menu or by\r
 the key bindings \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "bookmark-goto 1"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "bookmark-goto 2"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also use bookmarks to jump between several opened documents.\r
 The saved bookmarks are valid till the document is closed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Next Note, Change, Cross-reference\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Jump to the next note, change, or cross-reference following the current\r
 cursor position.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Go to Label\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Only active if the cursor is in front of a cross-reference.\r
 Sets the cursor before the referenced label.\r
 (It is the same as if you right-click on a cross-reference box and use\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Go\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
to\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Label)\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Forward Search\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This feature allows you to directly jump to the corresponding text part\r
 in the output, see section \r
\emph on\r
Forward\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
search\r
\emph default\r
 in the \r
\emph on\r
Additional\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual for a detailed description.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
The Document Menu\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Menu ! Document\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Change Tracking\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Change Tracking is described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Change-Tracking"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX Log\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
After running LaTeX by viewing or exporting a document, this menu will be\r
 enabled.\r
 It shows the logfile of the used LaTeX-program.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can see how LaTeX works in the background.\r
 \r
\emph on\r
Experts\r
\emph default\r
 will find in it reasons for LaTeX-errors.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Outline\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Opens the TOC/Outline window as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Navigating"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Table-of-Contents"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Start Appendix Here\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This menu will start the appendix of the document at the current cursor\r
 position as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Appendices"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Compressed\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Un/compresses the current document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The document settings are described in appendix\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "chap:The-Document-Settings"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
The Tools Menu\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Menu ! Tools\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Spellchecker\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Spell checking is explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Spellchecking"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Thesaurus\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The thesaurus is described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Thesaurus"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Statistics\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Word count\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Character count\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Counts the words and characters in the actual document or the highlighted\r
 document part.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
TeX Information\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
TeX Information\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Shows you a list of the document classes and styles installed in your LaTeX-syst\r
em.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Reconfigure\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LyX ! Reconfigure|see\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Reconfiguration of LyX\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Reconfiguration of LyX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This menu entry reconfigures LyX; that is, LyX looks for LaTeX-packages\r
 and programs it needs; see also section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Preferences\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The preferences dialog is described in detail in appendix\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "chap:The-Preferences-dialog"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
The Help Menu\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Menu ! Help\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This menu lists the documentation files of LyX in the language of LyX's\r
 menus.\r
 If a file is not available in this language, the English version will be\r
 listed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The menu \r
\family sans\r
LaTeX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Configuration\r
\family default\r
 shows a LyX-document with information about the LaTeX-packages and classes\r
 found by LyX (see also section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:LaTeX-Setup"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Toolbars\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Toolbars"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
How to show or hide toolbars is explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Toolbars"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
It is also possible to define custom toolbars.\r
 This is described in the \r
\emph on\r
Additional Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Standard Toolbar\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Toolbar ! Standard\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/StandardToolbar.png\r
        width 100col%\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace defskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The standard toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following\r
 buttons:\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
setlength{\r
\backslash\r
LTleft}{0pt}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This is necessary to left align the following longtables.\r
 See the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual for more information.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace defskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="1" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png\r
        clip\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
pull-down box for the environments\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace -10mm\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\align left\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="22" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "buffer-new"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
New\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "file-open"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Open\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "buffer-write"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Save\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show print"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Print\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show spellchecker"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Spellchecker\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "undo"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Undo\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "redo"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Redo\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "cut"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Cut\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "copy"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Copy\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "paste"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Paste\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show findreplace"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Find\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
&\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Replace\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(Quick)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-toggle findreplaceadv"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Find\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
&\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Replace\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(Advanced)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "bookmark-goto 0"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Bookmarks\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Navigate Back\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "font-emph"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Emphasize text, function of the \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Customized\r
\family default\r
 dialog\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "font-noun"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Set text to noun style, function of the \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Customized\r
\family default\r
 dialog\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "textstyle-apply"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Format text using the current settings in the \r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Customized\r
\family default\r
 dialog\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-mode"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Inline\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Formula\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Graphics\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "tabular-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Table\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-toggle toc"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Toggle outline window on/off, \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Outline\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "toolbar-toggle math"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Toggle math toolbar on/off\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "toolbar-toggle table"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Toggle table toolbar on/off\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Extra Toolbar\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Toolbar ! Extra\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/ExtraToolbar.png\r
        width 100col%\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace defskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The extra toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following\r
 buttons:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace defskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="25" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "layout"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Default\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "layout Enumerate"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Numbered list\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "layout Itemize"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Itemized list\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "layout List"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
List\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "layout Description"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Description list\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "depth-increment"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Increase\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
List\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Depth\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "depth-decrement"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Decrease\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
List\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Depth\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "float-insert figure"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Figure\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "float-insert table"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Table\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "label-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Label\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show-new-inset ref"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Cross-Reference\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show-new-inset citation"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Citation\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "index-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Index\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Entry\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "nomencl-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Nomenclature\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Entry\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "footnote-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Footnote\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "marginalnote-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Marginal\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Note\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "note-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Note\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
L\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
yX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Note\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "box-insert Frameless"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Box\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "href-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Hyperlink\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "ert-insert"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
T\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
eX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Code\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "math-macro newmacroname newcommand"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Macro\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show-new-inset include"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Child\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Document\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "dialog-show character"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Text\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Customized\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "layout-paragraph"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Paragraph\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "thesaurus-entry"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Thesaurus\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
View/Update Toolbar\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Toolbar ! View / Update\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename clipart/ViewToolbar.png\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace defskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The view/update toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following\r
 buttons:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace defskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "buffer-view"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
View\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "buffer-update"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Update\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "master-buffer-view"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Master\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Document\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "master-buffer-update"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Update\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Master\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Document\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "icon"\r
arg   "buffer-toggle-output-sync"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Output\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Synchronize with Output\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename ../images/view-others.png\r
        scale 85\r
        groupId toolbarbuttons\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
*\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
View (Other Formats)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename ../images/update-others.png\r
        scale 85\r
        groupId toolbarbuttons\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
*\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\family sans\r
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Update (Other Formats)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
* These icons might look different for you if you do not use the default\r
 icon set.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Other Toolbars\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The change tracking toolbar is explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Change-Tracking"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, the table toolbar\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Toolbar ! Table\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual and the math macro toolbar\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Toolbar ! Macro\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the \r
\emph on\r
Math\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
The Document Settings\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "chap:The-Document-Settings"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Document ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The document settings dialog contains submenus to set properties for the\r
 whole document and is called with the menu\r
\family sans\r
 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\r
\family default\r
.\r
 You can save your document settings as default with the\r
\family sans\r
 Save as Document Defaults\r
\family default\r
 button in the dialog.\r
 This will create a template named \r
\family typewriter\r
defaults.lyx\r
\family default\r
 which is automatically loaded by LyX when you create a new document without\r
 using a template.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The button \r
\family sans\r
Use Class Defaults\r
\family default\r
 resets the document settings to the default of the document class.\r
 This affects mostly class options, the page layout and Numbering & TOC.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The different submenus of the dialog are explained in the following sections.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Document Class\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you set the document class, class options, a graphics driver, and a\r
 master document.\r
 Document classes are described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Document-Classes"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
With the button \r
\family sans\r
Local\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Layout\r
\family default\r
 you can load you own layout-file, that is not in LyX's \r
\emph on\r
layouts\r
\emph default\r
 folder and thus not recognized by LyX as layout for a document class.\r
 For more about layout-files, see the chapter \r
\emph on\r
Installing New Document Classes, Layouts, and Templates\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 Handbook.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Some classes use special class options by default.\r
 If this is the case, they are listed in the field \r
\family sans\r
Predefined\r
\family default\r
 and you can decide to use them or not.\r
 If you do not exactly know what the default class options are for, it is\r
 recommended to leave them untouched.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Graphics driver\r
\family default\r
 is used for LaTeX's graphics, color and page layout packages.\r
 If using \r
\family sans\r
Default\r
\family default\r
, the default driver for the LaTeX-packages is used.\r
 It is recommended that you use the default unless you know what you are\r
 doing.\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
When you want to use one of the following drivers\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
dvi2ps, dvialw, dvilaser, dvitops, psprint, pubps, ln\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
you first have to activate them in your LaTeX distribution, see section\r
 \r
\emph on\r
Driver support\r
\emph default\r
 in \r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Specifying a master document is necessary if the current document is a child\r
 or subdocument.\r
 The master document will be used by LyX in the background if the child\r
 document is opened without its master.\r
 This way child documents are always compilable.\r
 More about master and child documents is explained in the section \r
\emph on\r
Child Documents\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There is also an option to suppress the date and one to use the LaTeX-package\r
 \r
\series bold\r
refstyle\r
\series default\r
 instead of \r
\series bold\r
prettyref\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! prettyref\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! refstyle\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for cross-references, see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Cross-References"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Child Documents\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
This submenu is only visible when your document includes child documents.\r
 Please refer to the section \r
\emph on\r
Child\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Documents\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual for details.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Modules\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Modules are explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Modules"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Local Layout\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
See section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Local-Layout"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for a description.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Fonts\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The document font settings are described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Fonts-and-Text"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Text Layout\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can specify if paragraphs should be separated by indentations or vertical\r
 skips.\r
 The line spacing and the number of text columns can also be specified here.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Note that LyX will not show two columns or the set up line spacing on screen.\r
 That would be impractical, often unreadable and is not part of the WYSIWYM\r
 concept.\r
 However, it will be as you specified it in the output.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Page Layout\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A description of this menu is given in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Paper-Size,-Orientation"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Document-Layout"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Page Margins\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can adjust the paper margins, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Margins"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Language\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Language-encodings"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Language ! Encoding\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The document language and quote styles are set here.\r
 The encoding specifies how the document content is exported to LaTeX (the\r
 LyX file is always encoded in utf8).\r
 All characters that cannot be encoded using the specified encoding will\r
 be exported as LaTeX-commands (this can fail if a LaTeX-command is not\r
 known for a particular character).\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The known commands are defined in a text file (\r
\emph on\r
unicodesymbols\r
\emph default\r
).\r
 You can add commands for unknown symbols to that file yourself, see the\r
 \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 manual for details.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you use the option \r
\family sans\r
Language Default\r
\family default\r
, LyX determines the encoding of a text part from the language of this text.\r
 If the document contains text in more than one language you may get more\r
 than one encoding in the LaTeX file.\r
 If you do not use this option then the complete document will always use\r
 exactly one encoding.\r
 Checking this option is the preferred setting.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
LyX also supports Unicode output, which is particularly useful if you need\r
 lots of special symbols or non-alphabetic scripts, respectively.\r
 If you want to use this (and your LaTeX installation supports Unicode),\r
 choose one of the four utf8 variants from the list below.\r
 Unfortunately the Unicode support of standard LaTeX is quite incomplete,\r
 so it is not uncommon that a file with lots of Unicode symbols works fine\r
 with \r
\family sans\r
Language Default\r
\family default\r
 (when LyX uses its list of known LaTeX-commands), but does not work with\r
 a fixed utf8 encoding (when the list of known LaTeX-commands is not used,\r
 because all Unicode symbols can be encoded in utf8).\r
 The situation is much better with XeTeX and LuaTeX, two new alternative\r
 engines to standard LaTeX.\r
 Both engines support Unicode natively.\r
 LyX now also supports these two engines (via the output formats \r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(XeTe\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X)\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(LuaTe\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X)\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
DVI\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(LuaTeX)\r
\family default\r
, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Output-file-formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
 So if you are using many special or accented characters and \r
\family sans\r
Language Default\r
\family default\r
 fails, you might try out one of these new engines.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Language\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
package\r
\family default\r
 determines the LaTeX-package that is used for hyphenation and the translation\r
 of strings like \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Part\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The possible settings are:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Default uses the language package that is selected in\r
\family sans\r
 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Language Settings\r
\family default\r
 (see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Prefs-Language"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Automatic selects the most suitable language package for the view/export\r
 format you will use.\r
 In many cases this will be \r
\series bold\r
babel\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! babel\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 If the newer package \r
\series bold\r
polyglossia\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! polyglossia\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is more appropriate (is the case when using XeTeX and/or non-TeX fonts),\r
 this package will be used instead of \r
\series bold\r
babel\r
\series default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Always\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Babel uses \r
\series bold\r
babel\r
\series default\r
 even if \r
\series bold\r
polyglossia\r
\series default\r
 would be more appropriate.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Custom allows you to specify a language package command of your choice.\r
 For example if you want to use a language-specific package like \r
\series bold\r
ngerman\r
\series default\r
 (for German texts), type in\r
\series bold\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
usepackage{ngerman}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
None will not use a language package.\r
 This is necessary for some document classes for scientific articles.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here is a list with the important encodings:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Language\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Default\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(no\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
inputenc) Same as \r
\family sans\r
Language Default\r
\family default\r
, but the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
inputenc\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! inputenc\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is not used.\r
 When using this, you probably need to load some additional packages manually\r
 in the preamble and specify the used encoding for text parts in foreign\r
 languages in TeX code.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
ASCII the ASCII encoding, covers only plain English (7-bit ASCII).\r
 LyX converts all other characters into LaTeX commands, which may result\r
 in a big file when lots of LaTeX-commands are needed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Arabic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(CP\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1256) MS Windows code page for Arabic and Farsi\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Arabic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-6) for Arabic and Farsi\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Armenian\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ArmSCII8) for Armenian\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Baltic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(CP\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1257) MS Windows code page for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian, the same\r
 as the ISO-8859-13 encoding\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Baltic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-13) for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian, a superset of the ISO-8859-4\r
 encoding\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Baltic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-4) (latin 4) for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian, a subset of the\r
 ISO-8859-13 encoding\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Central\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
European\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(CP\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1250) MS Windows code page for ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-2 (latin2)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Central\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
European\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-2) (latin 2) covers Albanian, Croatian, Czech, German, Hungarian, Polish,\r
 Romanian, Slovak and Slovenian\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Chinese\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(simplified)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(EUC-CN) for simplified Chinese, used especially on UNIX OSes, since 2001\r
 this encoding is officially replaced by the encoding GB18030, as GB18030\r
 is not available for LaTeX you should try to use the encoding Unicode\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(CJK)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(utf8)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Chinese\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(simplified)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(GBK) for simplified Chinese, is the same as the Windows code page CP 936\r
 except for the Euro currency sign, since 2001 this encoding is officially\r
 replaced by the encoding GB18030, as GB18030 is not available for LaTeX\r
 you should try to use the encoding Unicode\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(CJK)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(utf8)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Chinese\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(traditional)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(EUC-TW) for traditional Chinese\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Cyrillic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(CP\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1251) MS Windows code page for Cyrillic\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Cyrillic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-5) covers Belorussian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian and Ukrainian\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Cyrillic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(KOI8-R) standard Cyrillic especially for Russian\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Cyrillic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(KOI8-U) Cyrillic for Ukrainian\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Cyrillic\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(pt\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
154) Cyrillic for Kazakh\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Greek\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-7) for Greek\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Hebrew\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(CP\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1255) MS Windows code page for Hebrew, a superset of the ISO-8859-8 encoding\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Hebrew\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-8) for Hebrew\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Japanese\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(CJK)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(EUC-JP) EUC-JP encoding for Japanese, uses the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
CJK\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! CJK\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, when using this, set the document language to \r
\family sans\r
Japanese (CJK)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Japanese\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(CJK)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(JIS) JIS encoding for Japanese, uses the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
CJK\r
\series default\r
, when using this, set the document language to \r
\family sans\r
Japanese\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(CJK)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Japanese\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(non-CJK)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(EUC-JP) EUC-JP encoding for Japanese, uses the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
japanese\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! japanese\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, when using this, set the document language to \r
\family sans\r
Japanese\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Japanese\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(non-CJK)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(JIS) JIS encoding for Japanese, uses the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
japanese\r
\series default\r
, when using this, set the document language to \r
\family sans\r
Japanese\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Japanese\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(non-CJK)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(SJIS) SJIS encoding for Japanese, uses the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
japanese\r
\series default\r
, when using this, set the document language to \r
\family sans\r
Japanese\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Korean\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(EUC-KR) for Korean\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Southern\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
European\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-3) (latin 3) covers Esperanto, Galician, Maltese and Turkish\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
South-Eastern\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
European\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-16) (latin 10) covers Albanian, Croatian, Finnish, French, German,\r
 Hungarian, Irish Gaelic, Italian, Polish, Romanian and Slovenian, is designed\r
 to cover many languages and characters with diacritics\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Thai\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(TIS\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
620-0) for Thai\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Turkish\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-9) (latin 5) for Turkish, is like the ISO-8859-1 encoding where the\r
 Icelandic letters are replaced by Turkish ones\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Unicode\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(CJK)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(utf8) Unicode utf8 with the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
CJK\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! CJK\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (for the languages Chinese, Japanese and Korean)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Unicode\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(XeTeX)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(utf8) Unicode utf8 to be used with \r
\family sans\r
XeTeX\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
LuaTeX\r
\family default\r
, which use Unicode directly, without the help of the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
inputenc\r
\series default\r
.\r
 LyX automatically selects this encoding if you export or preview XeTeX\r
 or LuaTeX.\r
 Normally you do not need to set this encoding manually.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Unicode\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ucs-extended)\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(utf8x) Unicode utf8 based on the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
ucs\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! ucs\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 (comprehensive, including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and CJK scripts).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Unicode\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(utf8) Unicode utf8 based on the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
inputenc\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! inputenc\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 Currently only a limited range of characters (mainly for Latin scripts)\r
 is supported.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Western\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
European\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(CP\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1252) MS Windows code page for ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-1 (latin1)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Western\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
European\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-1) (latin 1) covers the languages Albanian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch,\r
 English, Faroese, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Icelandic, Irish,\r
 Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish; better use the ISO-8859-15\r
 encoding instead\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Western\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
European\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
(ISO\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
8859-15) (latin 9) like the ISO-8859-1 encoding, but with the Euro currency\r
 sign, the œ-ligature and some characters used for French and Finnish\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Finally, the dialog lets you select a specific language package for the\r
 current document.\r
 See sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Prefs-Language"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for more information on the language package.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Colors\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Color ! main text\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Color ! background\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can alter the font color for the main text (default: black) and\r
 for Greyed\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
out notes (default: light grey).\r
 The button \r
\family sans\r
Reset\r
\family default\r
 sets the color back to the default.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also change the background color for the pages (default: white)\r
 and for Shaded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
boxes (default: red).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The colors are not shown within LyX, only in the output.\r
 (This Greyed\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
out note appears blue in the output.)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Note, if you change the main text font color and use the option \r
\family sans\r
Color\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
links\r
\family default\r
 in the document settings under \r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
properties\r
\family default\r
, you probably also need to change the link font color by using \r
\family sans\r
Additional\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
options\r
\family default\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
PDF\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
properties\r
\family default\r
.\r
 For example the option\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
linkcolor=black\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
sets the link text color to black.\r
 For more information, see the manual of the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
hyperref\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! hyperref\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "hyperref"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can adapt the main text font color and the page background for every\r
 page in your document if you use these commands as TeX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Code behind a forced page break:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
For the page color:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
pagecolor{color name}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
For the text color:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
color{color name}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The color name can hereby be one of these: \r
\series bold\r
black\r
\series default\r
, \r
\series bold\r
blue\r
\series default\r
, \r
\series bold\r
cyan\r
\series default\r
, \r
\series bold\r
green\r
\series default\r
, \r
\series bold\r
magenta\r
\series default\r
, \r
\series bold\r
red\r
\series default\r
, \r
\series bold\r
white\r
\series default\r
, \r
\series bold\r
yellow\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
If you have changed a text or background color, you can use them under the\r
 following names:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
For the page background color:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
page_backgroundcolor\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
For the main text color:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
document_fontcolor\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
For the Shaded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
box background color:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
shadecolor\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
For the Greyed\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
out note text color:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
note_fontcolor\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To see how to define and use custom colors, see section \r
\emph on\r
Colored\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Cells\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Numbering & TOC\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can adjust the numbering depth of section headings and the section\r
 depth in the table of contents as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Numbering-depth"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Bibliography\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can specify a citation style using the LaTeX packages \r
\series bold\r
natbib\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! natbib\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or \r
\series bold\r
jurabib\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! jurabib\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 You can enable a sectioned bibliography using the LaTeX package \r
\series bold\r
bibtopic\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! bibtopic\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and you can customize how the bibliography of the given document is being\r
 generated.\r
 For a further description see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Bibliography"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Indexes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here, you can customize how the index of your document is being generated\r
 and you can define additional indexes.\r
 Please refer to section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Index"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for details.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
PDF Properties\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The PDF properties are explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:PDF-Properties"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Math Options\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
These options will force LyX to use the LaTeX-packages \r
\series bold\r
amsmath\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! amsmath\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\series bold\r
esint\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! esint\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\series bold\r
mathdots\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! mathdots\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 und \r
\series bold\r
mhchem\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! mhchem\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 or to use them automatically when they are needed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
amsmath is needed for many constructs, so when you get LaTeX-errors in formulas,\r
 ensure that you have enabled \r
\family sans\r
AMS\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
math\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
esint is used for special integral characters, see section \r
\emph on\r
Big\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Operators\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Math\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
mathdots is used for special ellipses, see section \r
\emph on\r
Ellipses\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Math\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
mhchem is used for chemical equations, see section \r
\emph on\r
Chemical Symbols and Equations\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Math\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Float Placement\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The float placement options are described in section \r
\emph on\r
Float\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Placement\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Listings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The listings settings are explained in chapter \r
\emph on\r
Program Code Listings\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Embedded\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Objects\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Bullets\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can adjust the characters for the itemize levels.\r
 The itemize environment is described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Itemize"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Branches\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Branches are described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Branches"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Output\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Doc-Output"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can define some output specifics for the current document:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Default\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Output\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Format: The format that is used when you hit \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
View\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Update\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
View Master Document\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Update Master Document\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
View\r
\family default\r
 menu or the toolbar.\r
 The default is set in \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
File Formats\r
\family default\r
, see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:File-Formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Synchronize\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
with\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Output settings for the menu \r
\family sans\r
Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Forward\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
search\r
\family default\r
.\r
 For a detailed description see section \r
\emph on\r
Reverse DVI/PDF search\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Additional\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
XHTML\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Output\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Options settings for the export format \r
\family sans\r
LyXHTML\r
\family default\r
.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Strict XHTML\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1.1\r
\family default\r
 will assure that the output follows exactly version\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
1.1 of the XHTML standard.\r
 The different \r
\family sans\r
Math\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
output\r
\family default\r
 settings are described in detail in section \r
\emph on\r
Math Output in XHTML\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Additional\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
 The scaling is used for the size of equations in the output.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX Preamble\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In this text field you can enter commands to load special LaTeX-packages\r
 or to define LaTeX-commands.\r
 The preamble is a thing for LaTeX-experts.\r
 You should not enter commands here until you exactly know what you are\r
 doing.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
An introduction to the LaTeX-syntax is given in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Preferences\r
\family default\r
 Dialog\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "chap:The-Preferences-dialog"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Preferences\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The preferences dialog is called with the menu \r
\family sans\r
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Preferences\r
\family default\r
.\r
 It has the following submenus.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Look and Feel\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
User Interface\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
User Interface File\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Customization ! of toolbars\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Customization ! of menus\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The appearance of the menus and toolbars can be changed by choosing a user\r
 interface (ui) file.\r
 A ui-file is a text file where the toolbars and menus are listed.\r
 The file \r
\emph on\r
default.ui\r
\emph default\r
 loads three files:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
stdmenus.inc\r
\shape italic\r
 \r
\emph on\r
specifies the menu entries for the standard menus\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
stdcontext.inc \r
\shape italic\r
\emph on\r
specifies\r
\shape default\r
\emph default\r
 the menu entries in popup context menus\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
stdtoolbars.inc\r
\shape italic\r
 \r
\emph on\r
specifies the toolbar buttons\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To create your own menu and toolbar layout, start with a copy of these files\r
 and edit the entries.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The syntax of the .inc-files is straightforward: the \r
\family sans\r
Menubar\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Menu\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Toolbar\r
\family default\r
 entries must be finished with an explicit \r
\family sans\r
End\r
\family default\r
.\r
 They may contain \r
\family sans\r
Submenu\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Item\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
OptItem\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Separator\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Icon,\r
\family default\r
 and in the case of the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
file_lastfiles\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 menu a \r
\family sans\r
Lastfiles\r
\family default\r
 entry.\r
 The syntax for the entries is:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
Item \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
menu \r
\series default\r
or\r
\series bold\r
 button name\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
LyX-function\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*\r
\end_inset\r
\r
All the LyX-functions are listed in the menu \r
\family sans\r
Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Ly\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Functions\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace medskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For example, assuming you use the menu \r
\family sans\r
Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Bookmarks\r
\family default\r
 quite often and therefore want six available bookmarks, you can add the\r
 line\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
Item \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Save Bookmark 6\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
bookmark-save 6\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*\r
\end_inset\r
\r
to the \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
navigate_bookmarks\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 menu in \r
\emph on\r
stdmenus.inc\r
\emph default\r
 to have the sixth bookmark.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
Icon\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Set\r
\family default\r
 allows you to change the appearance of LyX's toolbar buttons.\r
 The currently available icon sets are compared in \r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "this image"\r
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Automatic help\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The option \r
\family sans\r
Enable tool tips in main work area\r
\family default\r
 enables tool tips showing the content of closed insets like index entries\r
 or footnotes.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Session\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
With the option \r
\family sans\r
Restore window layouts and geometries\r
\family default\r
 LyX's main window will be opened with the size and layout that was used\r
 in the last LyX session.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The option \r
\family sans\r
Restore cursor positions\r
\family default\r
 sets the cursor to the position in the file where it was at the end of\r
 the last session.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The option \r
\family sans\r
Load opened files from last session\r
\family default\r
 opens all files that were opened in the last LyX session.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The button \r
\family sans\r
Clear all session information\r
\family default\r
 deletes all information from previous LyX sessions (cursor positions, names\r
 of last opened documents, etc.).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Documents\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Backup documents"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Backup ! Documents\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
Backup original documents when saving\r
\family default\r
 creates a backup copy of the file in the state when it was opened or when\r
 it was saved the last time.\r
 It is stored in the \r
\family sans\r
Backup\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
directory\r
\family default\r
 (see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Paths"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
) or in the same folder as your document if no \r
\family sans\r
Backup\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
directory\r
\family default\r
 is specified.\r
 The backup file has the file extension \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
.lyx~\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
With the option \r
\family sans\r
Backup documents, every\r
\family default\r
, you can specify the time between backup saves.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
Save documents compressed by default\r
\family default\r
 always saves files in a compressed format.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
Maximum last files\r
\family default\r
 is the number of last opened files that LyX should display in the menu\r
 \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Open\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Recen\r
\bar under\r
t\r
\family default\r
\bar default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If the option \r
\family sans\r
Open documents in tabs\r
\family default\r
 is not checked, every file will be opened in its own new instance of LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The option \r
\family sans\r
Single instance\r
\family default\r
 is only active if a LyXServer pipe\r
\begin_inset Foot\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
See sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Paths"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for information about LyXServer pipes.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is specified.\r
 If it is checked, LyX documents will be opened in the same running instance\r
 of LyX.\r
 Otherwise a new LyX instance is created for each file.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If the option \r
\family sans\r
Single close-tab button\r
\family default\r
 is checked, there will only be one close button (\r
\family sans\r
\r
\begin_inset Graphics\r
        filename ../images/closetab.png\r
        scale 75\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family default\r
) at the right side of the tab bar to close tabs.\r
 Otherwise every document tab has its own close button.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 For the last option you have to restart LyX before the change takes effect.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Screen Fonts\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Font ! Screen\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Screen-Fonts"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
These fonts are used to display your documents within LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 This section only deals with the fonts \r
\emph on\r
inside\r
\emph default\r
 the LyX window.\r
 The fonts that appear in the output are independent of these fonts, and\r
 set in the menu \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Fonts\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
By default, LyX uses \r
\family typewriter\r
Times\r
\family default\r
 as its \r
\family sans\r
Roman\r
\family default\r
 (serif) font, \r
\family typewriter\r
Arial\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family typewriter\r
Helvetica\r
\family default\r
 (depends on the system) as its \r
\family sans\r
Sans\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Serif\r
\family default\r
 font and \r
\family typewriter\r
Courier\r
\family default\r
 as its \r
\family typewriter\r
Typewriter\r
\family default\r
 font.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can change the font size with the \r
\family sans\r
Zoom\r
\family default\r
 setting.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Font Sizes\r
\family default\r
 are calculated as letter height in units of points.\r
 72.27\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
points have the size of 1\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
inch, see Appendix\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "chap:Units-available-in"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The default font sizes are the same as if a document font size of 10\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
pt were used.\r
 The sizes are explained in detail in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Document-Font"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
With the option \r
\family sans\r
Use pixmap cache to speed up font rendering\r
\family default\r
 enabled, LyX needs to redraw the screen less often.\r
 This results in better performance, especially on slow systems.\r
 On the other hand, the characters might look more fuzzy on screen.\r
 So whether you enable this or not depends on whether you prefer speed over\r
 aesthetics.\r
 Note that the Pixmap Cache is only available and useful under Mac\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
OS and Windows.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Colors\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Color ! LyX screen\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Settings ! Color\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can change the screen colors used by LyX by choosing an item in\r
 the list and selecting the \r
\family sans\r
Alter\r
\family default\r
 button.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
By checking the option \r
\family sans\r
Use system colors\r
\family default\r
 the color scheme of your OS or window manager is used.\r
 The colors \r
\family sans\r
cursor, selection, table line, text, URL\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
label and URL\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
text\r
\family default\r
 are then not customizable and thus not listed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Display\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Settings ! Display\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can specify if graphics are displayed inside LyX.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
Instant Preview\r
\family default\r
 enables previewing snippets of your document.\r
 This feature is described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Checking the option \r
\family sans\r
Mark\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
end\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
of\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
paragraphs\r
\family default\r
 displays a pilcrow (¶) at the end of every paragraph.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Editing\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Settings ! Editing\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Control\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Editing\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The option \r
\family sans\r
Cursor follows scrollbar\r
\family default\r
 sets the cursor to the top of the currently displayed document part when\r
 scrolling.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can adjust the width of the cursor.\r
 If you set the value to zero, the thickness of the cursor scales relative\r
 to the zoom value you choose for the screen fonts.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
Scroll below end of document\r
\family default\r
 is self-explanatory.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In LyX one can jump from word to word by pressing \r
\family sans\r
Ctrl+arrow key\r
\family default\r
.\r
 With the option\r
\family sans\r
 Use Mac-style for cursor moving between words\r
\family default\r
 the cursor jumps from the end of a word to the end of the next word.\r
 Normally it jumps from the beginning to the beginning.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The option \r
\family sans\r
Sort environments alphabetically\r
\family default\r
 sorts the entries in the pull-down box for the paragraph environments.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The option \r
\family sans\r
Group environments by their category\r
\family default\r
 groups the entries in the pull-down box for the paragraph environments.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The \r
\family sans\r
Edit math macros\r
\family default\r
 options determine the editing style for math macros, see the section \r
\emph on\r
Math Macros\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Math\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Fullscreen\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can specify what is hidden in the fullscreen mode.\r
 With the option \r
\family sans\r
Limit text width\r
\family default\r
 you can specify the width of the text in fullscreen mode.\r
 This way you can display the text smaller than the screen; the text then\r
 appears centered.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Shortcuts\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Key Bindings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Settings ! Shortcuts\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\family sans\r
Bind File\r
\family default\r
 specifies the file to be used to bind a LyX-function to a key.\r
 Several binding files are available, among them:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
cua.bind a typical set of PC keyboard shortcuts\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
(x)emacs.bind a set of bindings similar to those used in the editor programs\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Emacs\r
\family default\r
 (\r
\family sans\r
XEmacs\r
\family default\r
)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
mac.bind a set of bindings for \r
\family sans\r
Mac\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
OS\r
\family default\r
 systems.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are also binding files designed for special document classes, like\r
 \r
\shape italic\r
broadway.bind\r
\shape default\r
, and binding files for special languages.\r
 The names of language binding files begin with a language code, e.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
g.\r
\begin_inset space \space{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
pt\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 for Portuguese.\r
 If you use LyX in a certain language, LyX will try to use the appropriate\r
 binding file.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Some binding files, like \r
\shape italic\r
math.bind\r
\shape default\r
, only have a limited scope.\r
 When looking at the end of the file \r
\shape italic\r
cua.bind\r
\shape default\r
, you can see that they are included to keep the overview in the bind-file.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The field \r
\family sans\r
Show\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
ke\r
\bar under\r
y\r
\bar default\r
-bindings\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
containing\r
\family default\r
 allows you to search for the shortcut provided for a particular function\r
 in the selected key binding file.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsubsection\r
Editing Shortcuts\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Editing-Shortcuts"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Key Bindings ! Editing\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To add new or modify existing keybindings to your own taste you can use\r
 the table in the dialog that lists all LyX-functions and the bound shortcuts.\r
 To find functions easily, they are grouped by categories and the dialog\r
 provides the field \r
\family sans\r
Show key-bindings containing\r
\family default\r
.\r
 In this field you can insert a keyword for a function you want to edit.\r
 Insert there for example as keyword \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
paste\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and you get the four different existing shortcuts for the three different\r
 functions that contain \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
paste\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in their name.\r
 As you can see, one function can have more than one shortcut.\r
 All LyX-functions are also listed in the file \r
\family sans\r
LyX Functions\r
\family default\r
 that you will find in the \r
\family sans\r
Help\r
\family default\r
 menu.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
For example, to add the shortcut \r
\family sans\r
Alt+Q\r
\family default\r
 for the function \r
\family sans\r
textstyle-apply\r
\family default\r
, select the function and press the \r
\family sans\r
Modify\r
\family default\r
 button.\r
 A dialog pops up where you can add the shortcut by using it.\r
 So press Alt+Q to define the shortcut.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Modifying an existing shortcut is done the same way.\r
 You can also bind multiple functions to one shortcut by starting the LyX\r
 Function definition with “command alternatives” and following it with the\r
 different function names as a semicolon separated list.\r
 LyX will then use the first function that is enabled in the current document\r
 part.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you don't like a particular shortcut, you can remove it.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Alternatively you can also edit shortcuts by modifying binding files with\r
 a text editor.\r
 The syntax of the entries is:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
bind \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
key combination\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
LyX-function\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Keyboard/Mouse\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Keyboard-Map"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Keyboard Map\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Settings ! Keyboard Map\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Normally keyboard settings are made in a menu of your operating system.\r
 For the case thatWhere this is not possible, LyX provides keyboard maps.\r
 If, for example, you have a Czech keyboard but want to use it as if it\r
 is a Romanian one, you can enable \r
\family sans\r
Use\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
keyboard\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
map\r
\family default\r
 and select the keyboard map file named \r
\shape italic\r
romanian.kmap\r
\shape default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can specify a \r
\family sans\r
First\r
\family default\r
 and a \r
\family sans\r
Second\r
\family default\r
 keyboard map and, if you use the \r
\emph on\r
cua\r
\emph default\r
 bindings, you can select the first and second with \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "keymap-primary"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "keymap-secondary"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 respectively or toggle between them with \r
\begin_inset Info\r
type  "shortcut"\r
arg   "keymap-toggle"\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 Keyboard maps can only provide a makeshift solution and don't work on all\r
 systems.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also specify the mouse \r
\family sans\r
Wheel scrolling speed\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The standard value is 1.0; higher values speed up the scrolling, lower ones\r
 slow it down.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If you \r
\family sans\r
Enable\r
\family default\r
 \r
\family sans\r
Scroll\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
wheel\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
zoom,\r
\family default\r
 you can select a key for zooming.\r
 When this key is pressed and the mouse wheel is rotated, the text is zoomed.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Input Completion\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Input completion is described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Input-Completion"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Paths\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:Paths"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paths\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Settings ! Paths\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The paths to the various resources used by LyX are normally determined during\r
 the installation.\r
 But there may be reasons why you might want to modify them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Working\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
directory This is LyX's working directory.\r
 It is the default when you \r
\family sans\r
Open\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
Save\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Save\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
As\r
\family default\r
 files.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Document\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
templates This directory will be opened when you use the menu \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
New\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
from\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Template\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Example\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
files This directory will be opened when you use the button \r
\family sans\r
Examples\r
\family default\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Open\r
\family default\r
 dialog.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Examples\r
\family default\r
 button does not exist when using LyX on Mac OS and Windows systems.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Backup\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
directory\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Backup ! Directory\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Backup copies will be saved to this directory.\r
 If no directory is given but backups are enabled as described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Backup documents"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, the \r
\family sans\r
Working directory\r
\family default\r
 will be used to save the backups.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Backup files have the ending \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.lyx~\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Ly\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
XServer\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
pipe Here you can enter the name of a so-called UNIX-pipe.\r
 This pipe is used to send data from external programs to LyX.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
Example:\r
\series default\r
 You add a BibTeX-database \r
\emph on\r
test.bib\r
\emph default\r
 to your document.\r
 You can edit this file with the program \r
\family typewriter\r
JabRef\r
\family default\r
.\r
 In \r
\family typewriter\r
JabRef\r
\family default\r
 you have to use the same Unix-Pipe for LyX in its preferences under \r
\family sans\r
External\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
programs\r
\family default\r
.\r
 If you want to get one entry of the database as citation, select it in\r
 \r
\family typewriter\r
JabRef\r
\family default\r
 and click on the LyX-symbol.\r
 The entry will now be inserted as a citation at the current cursor position\r
 in your LyX file.\r
 Of course, \r
\family typewriter\r
JabRef\r
\family default\r
 and LyX need to be running the same time.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
The pipe is also used for the \r
\family sans\r
S\r
\bar under\r
i\r
\bar default\r
ngle instance\r
\family default\r
 feature, see sec.\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Backup documents"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
To use the LyXServer-Pipe on Windows, you must use this pipe name:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
\r
\backslash\r
.\r
\backslash\r
pipe\r
\backslash\r
lyxpipe\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Temporary\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
directory Temporary files will be saved in this directory.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Thesaurus\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
dictionary Directory where the thesaurus dictionaries are located.\r
 You only need to specify it if the thesaurus does not work or if you want\r
 to use custom/alternative dictionaries.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Hunspell\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
dictionary Directory where the dictionaries of the spell checker program\r
 \r
\family typewriter\r
Hunspell\r
\family default\r
 are located.\r
 You only need to specify it if you are using \r
\family typewriter\r
Hunspell\r
\family default\r
 and spell checking does not work or if you want to use custom/alternative\r
 dictionaries.\r
 For LyX on Windows \r
\family typewriter\r
Hunspell\r
\family default\r
 is the only available spell checker and should work without specifying\r
 a directory.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
PATH\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
prefix This field contains a list of paths to external programs.\r
 When LyX needs to use an external program, it looks in this list to see\r
 where to find it on the system.\r
 The path list is automatically set up on Windows and Mac systems when LyX\r
 is configured; so you normally don't have to modify it.\r
 On Unix\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
/\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Linux systems, the path list will need to be set only if there are external\r
 programs you wish to use that are not in your normal system path ($PATH).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
TEXINPUTS\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
prefix The TEXINPUTS environment variable allows you to use external files\r
 which are included in a LyX document via commands in TeX code or in the\r
 document preamble.\r
 This prefix includes by default the document directory (represented by\r
 a single dot '.').\r
 The prefix can contain any list of paths separated by the default separator\r
 of the OS (':' on UNIX like systems and ';' on Windows).\r
 If files are included, the paths listed in the TEXINPUTS prefix will be\r
 scanned for the input files.\r
 Note that any non-absolute path listed in the TEXINPUTS prefix is considered\r
 to be relative to the directory of your LyX file.\r
 It is recommended that you always include ‘.' as one of the paths; otherwise\r
 compilation may fail for some documents.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Identity\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can insert your \r
\family sans\r
Name\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
E-mail\r
\family default\r
 address.\r
 These will be used when you have enabled change tracking, as described\r
 in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Change-Tracking"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, to mark changes you make as yours.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Language Settings\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Language ! Settings\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Settings ! Language\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Language\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Prefs-Language"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
User\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
interface\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
language Here you can select the language for LyX's menus.\r
 You can find its actual translation status here: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
target "http://www.lyx.org/I18n"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Language\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
package determines which LaTeX package should be loaded to handle language\r
 issues.\r
 Language issues that are handled by this package include proper hyphenation\r
 as well as localization of dates and text strings such as \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Chapter\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Table\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The most widespread language package is \r
\series bold\r
babel\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! babel\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
; it is the default language package in classic LaTeX.\r
 More recent typesetting engines such as XeTeX and LuaTeX come with the\r
 alternative language package \r
\series bold\r
polyglossia\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! polyglossia\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 that is more suited to the multi-script support of these engines.\r
 Furthermore, there are also specific language packages for languages not\r
 covered by \r
\series bold\r
babel\r
\series default\r
.\r
 The available selections are described in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Language-encodings"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Command\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
start If a special LaTeX-package is needed to write in a certain document\r
 language, you can here specify the command to start the package.\r
 An example is the start command \r
\family sans\r
\r
\backslash\r
begin{arabtext}\r
\family default\r
 that is needed to write Arabic using the package \r
\series bold\r
ArabTeX\r
\series default\r
, see \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "Arabic"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The default is the \r
\series bold\r
babel\r
\series default\r
 command \r
\family sans\r
\r
\backslash\r
selectlanguage{$$lang}\r
\family default\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Command\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
end Counterpart to \r
\family sans\r
Command start\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Some packages, like the default, don't have an end command since the start\r
 command toggles the package on and off.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Default\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Decimal\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Point Define the default decimal point for use in tables (decimal point\r
 alignment).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Set\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
languages\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
globally When this option is set, the languages used in the document will\r
 be added as options to the document class options, so that they can be\r
 used by all LaTeX-packages.\r
 Otherwise they will only be used as options for the \r
\series bold\r
babel\r
\series default\r
 package.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Auto\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
begin When this option is set, documents start with the chosen document\r
 language.\r
 When this option is not set, the \r
\family sans\r
Command\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
start\r
\family default\r
 is explicitly set to the beginning of the document in the LaTeX-output.\r
 This assures that the correct language is used when you use another \r
\family sans\r
Command\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
start\r
\family default\r
 than the default.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Auto\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
end Counterpart to \r
\family sans\r
Auto\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
begin\r
\family default\r
.\r
 When it is not set, the \r
\family sans\r
Command\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
end\r
\family default\r
 is set to the end of the document.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Mark\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
foreign\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
languages Text marked formatted in a language different from the document\r
 language will be underlined in blue.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Enable\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
RTL\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
support Enables the use of languages, written from right to left (RTL),\r
 like Arabic, Hebrew or Farsi.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Cursor\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
movement When writing RTL, you can define if the left and right arrow keys\r
 move the cursor visually to the left or right, respectively, or logically.\r
 Logical means that the cursor is moved to the left when pressing the right\r
 arrow key and the cursor is inside text in an RTL language.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Spellchecker\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The spellchecker settings are explained in section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sec:Spellchecking"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Outputs\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
General\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Output\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
line\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
length sets the maximum number of characters printed in one line when using\r
 the menu \r
\family sans\r
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Plain\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
text\r
\family default\r
.\r
 Setting the line length to 0 means all text is printed in one endless line.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Date\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
format\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Date Format\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Settings ! Date format\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 The date format can be one or a mixture of the formats listed here:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/CGI/man-cgi?date\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
For example the format\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
%d/%m/%y\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
prints the date as day/month/year.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Overwrite\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
on\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
export Setting what LyX is allowed to overwrite on export.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Forward\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
search Commands that will be used for the menu \r
\family sans\r
Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Forward\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
search\r
\family default\r
.\r
 For a detailed description see section \r
\emph on\r
Reverse DVI/PDF search\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Additional\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Printer\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Printer"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Printer\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Settings ! Printer\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Default\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
printer Here you can specify the name of your \r
\family sans\r
Default printer\r
\family default\r
.\r
 The name will be used when the \r
\family sans\r
Printer command\r
\family default\r
 is executed.\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Greyedout\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\series bold\r
Note:\r
\series default\r
 You can leave this field empty on Windows systems because it has no effect.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Printer\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
command is the command LyX\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
/\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
LaTeX uses for printing.\r
 The default is \r
\family sans\r
dvips\r
\family default\r
 on most systems.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Printer\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Command\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Options Here you can specify printer options.\r
 A list of printer options with explanations can be found in the documentation\r
 of the program that provides the \r
\family sans\r
Printer command\r
\family default\r
 you are using.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Adapt\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
output\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
to\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
printer This option works only for the \r
\family sans\r
Printer command\r
\family default\r
 \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
dvips\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 It activates a configuration file for dvips.\r
 This is an option only for dvips experts.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
LaT\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
eX\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:LaTeX-settings"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Settings ! LaTeX\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Use\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
LaTe\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
font\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
encoding This is the default encoding of the document font.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
T1\r
\family default\r
 is the default and covers western languages and symbols.\r
 \r
\family sans\r
T2A\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
T2B\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
T2C\r
\family default\r
, \r
\family sans\r
LCY\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
X2\r
\family default\r
 are used for Cyrillic.\r
 Combinations of the encodings are possible, like \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\family sans\r
T1, T2B\r
\family default\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The font encoding is normally automatically loaded by the language packages\r
 LyX sets up in the background.\r
 So there is no need to change the default encoding.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Default\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
paper\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
size This is the paper size that is used for new documents.\r
 The \r
\family sans\r
Default\r
\family default\r
 value depends on your LaTeX-system setup.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
DVI\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
viewer\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
paper\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
size\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
options They only have an effect when the program \r
\family sans\r
xdvi\r
\family default\r
 is used as DVI-viewer, read its manual to find out more.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you can also specify options and commands with parameters for processors.\r
 But before you change something, it is strongly recommended to read the\r
 manuals of the applications.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Bibliography\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
generation Settings for the generation of the bibliography, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Bibliography-databases"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Index\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
generation Settings for the generation of the index, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Index-Program"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Nomenclature\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
command Command for the program that generates the nomenclature, see section\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "sub:Nomenclature-Program"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
CheckTe\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
{}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
X\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
command Command for the program \r
\family sans\r
CheckTeX\r
\family default\r
 that is described in the section \r
\emph on\r
Checking TeX\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Additional Features\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
There are additionally the following options:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Use\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Windows-style\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
paths\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
in\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
LaTeX\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
files Uses paths in the notation of Windows, that means that \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is used instead of \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
/\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 to separate folders.\r
 This option is enabled by default when you use LyX on Windows.\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Paths\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Settings ! Paths\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Description\r
Reset\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
class\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
options\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
when\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
document\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
class\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
changes Removes all manually set \r
\family sans\r
Class options\r
\family default\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator\r
Document\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Class\r
\family default\r
 dialog when changing the document class.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
File\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Handling\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
File handling\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
Converters\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sub:Converters"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Converters\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you find the list of defined converter commands to convert material\r
 from one format to another.\r
 You can modify converters or create new ones.\r
 To modify a converter, select it, change the entry of the \r
\family sans\r
Converter\r
\family default\r
 and/or \r
\family sans\r
Extra\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
flag\r
\family default\r
 field and press the \r
\family sans\r
Modify\r
\family default\r
 button.\r
 To create a new converter, select an existing one, select a different format\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
To\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
format\r
\family default\r
 drop-down list, modify the \r
\family sans\r
Converter\r
\family default\r
 field and press the \r
\family sans\r
Add\r
\family default\r
 button.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
If the \r
\family sans\r
Converter File Cache\r
\family default\r
 is \r
\family sans\r
Enabled\r
\family default\r
, conversions will be cached as long as specified in the field \r
\family sans\r
Maximum Age (in days\r
\family default\r
).\r
 This means that images don't need to be converted again when you reopen\r
 a document; the converted images from the cache will be used instead.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
More about converters, like the flags that can be used in the converter\r
 definition, is described in the section \r
\emph on\r
Converters\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Subsection\r
File Formats\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "sec:File-Formats"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
File formats\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Copiers\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Here you find the list of defined file formats that LyX can handle.\r
 You can modify the \r
\family sans\r
Editor\r
\family default\r
 and \r
\family sans\r
Viewer\r
\family default\r
 programs that should be used for certain formats.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
You can also define the \r
\family sans\r
Default output format\r
\family default\r
 that is used when you use \r
\family sans\r
View, Update, View Master Document\r
\family default\r
 or \r
\family sans\r
Update Master Document\r
\family default\r
 in the \r
\family sans\r
View\r
\family default\r
 menu or the toolbar.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
More about formats and their options is described in the section \r
\emph on\r
Formats\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Since all conversions from one format to another take place in LyX's temporary\r
 directory, it is sometimes necessary to modify a file before copying it\r
 to the temporary directory so that the conversion may be performed.\r
 This is done by specifying a \r
\family sans\r
Copier\r
\family default\r
.\r
 More about this is described in the section \r
\emph on\r
Copiers\r
\emph default\r
 of the \r
\emph on\r
Customization\r
\emph default\r
 manual.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
Units available in LyX\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Units\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "chap:Units-available-in"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Table\r
\begin_inset space ~\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "tab:Units"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 explains all the units available in LyX and used in this documentation.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float table\r
placement h\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Caption Standard\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "tab:Units"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Units\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset VSpace medskip\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\align center\r
\begin_inset Tabular\r
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="2">\r
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
unit\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
name/description\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
mm\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
millimeter\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
cm\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
centimeter\r
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<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
in\r
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</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
inch\r
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</cell>\r
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\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
point (72.27\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
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pt = 1\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
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in)\r
\end_layout\r
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\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
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\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
pica (1\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
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pc = 12\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
pt)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
sp\r
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\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
scaled point (65536\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
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sp = 1\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
pt)\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
bp\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
big point (72\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
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bp = 1\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
in)\r
\end_layout\r
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\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
dd\r
\end_layout\r
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\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
didot (72\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
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dd \r
\begin_inset Formula $\approx$\r
\end_inset\r
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 37.6\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
mm)\r
\end_layout\r
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\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
cc\r
\end_layout\r
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\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
cicero (1\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
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cc = 12\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
dd)\r
\end_layout\r
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\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Scale%\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
% of original image width\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
text%\r
\end_layout\r
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\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
% of text width\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
col%\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
% of column width\r
\end_layout\r
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\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
page%\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
% of paper width\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
line%\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
% of line width\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
theight%\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
% of text height\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
pheight%\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
% of paper height\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
ex\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
height of letter \r
\emph on\r
x\r
\emph default\r
 in current font\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
em\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
width of letter \r
\emph on\r
M\r
\emph default\r
 in current font\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
<row>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
mu\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">\r
\begin_inset Text\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
math unit (1\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
mu = 1/18\r
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}\r
\end_inset\r
\r
em)\r
\end_layout\r
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\end_inset\r
</cell>\r
</row>\r
</lyxtabular>\r
\r
\end_inset\r
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\end_layout\r
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\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
Credits\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "chap:Credits"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The documentation is a collaborative effort between many different people\r
 (and we would encourage people to contribute!).\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Alejandro Aguilar Sierra\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Amir Karger\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
David Johnson\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Hartmut Haase\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Ignacio García\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Ivan Schreter\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
John Raithel\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
John Weiss\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Lars Gullik Bjønnes\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Matthias Ettrich\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Matthias Zenker\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Rich Fields\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Pascal André\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Paul Evans\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Paul Russel\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Robin Socha\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\r
\noun on\r
Uwe Stöhr\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
The LyX Team: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset citation\r
LatexCommand cite\r
key "lyxcredit"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Newpage newpage\r
\end_inset\r
\r
The bibliography on the following page was created with the \r
\family sans\r
Bibliography\r
\family default\r
 environment.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
label "Credits"\r
key "lyxcredit"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
The LyX Team: \r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Credits"\r
target "http://www.lyx.org/Credits"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://www.lyx.org/Credits\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "latexcompanion"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Frank Mittelbach and Michel Goossens: \r
\emph on\r
The LaTeX Companion Second Edition.\r
\r
\emph default\r
 Addison-Wesley, 2004\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "latexguide"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Helmut Kopka and Patrick W.\r
 Daly: \r
\emph on\r
A Guide to LaTeX Fourth Edition.\r
\r
\emph default\r
 Addison-Wesley, 2003\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "latexbook"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Leslie Lamport: \r
\emph on\r
LaTeX: A Document Preparation System.\r
\r
\emph default\r
 Addison-Wesley, second edition, 1994\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "texbook"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Donald E.\r
 Knuth.\r
 \r
\emph on\r
The TeXbook.\r
\r
\emph default\r
 Addison-Wesley, 1984\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "TeXCatalogue"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
The TeX Catalogue:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://mirrors.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/bytopic.html\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "LaTeXFAQ"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
The LaTeX FAQ:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "BibTeX"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxdoc.pdf"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the program \r
\family sans\r
BibTeX\r
\family default\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxdoc.pdf\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "BibTeX-2"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/bibtex/tamethebeast/ttb_en.pdf"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 how to use the program \r
\family sans\r
BibTeX\r
\family default\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/bibtex/tamethebeast/ttb_en.pdf\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "makeindex"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.pdf"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the program \r
\family sans\r
makeindex\r
\family default\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.pdf\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "xindy"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the program \r
\family sans\r
xindy\r
\family default\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "AMS"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the AMS LaTeX-packages:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "caption"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption-eng.pdf"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
caption\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! caption\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption-eng.pdf\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "enumitem"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
enumitem\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! enumitem\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "fancyhdr"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
fancyhdr\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! fancyhdr\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "hyperref"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
hyperref\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! hyperref\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "nomencl"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
nomencl\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! nomencl\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "prettyref"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
prettyref\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! prettyref\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "refstyle"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
refstyle\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! refstyle\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "tipa"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Documentation"\r
target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/tipaman.pdf"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 of the LaTeX-package \r
\series bold\r
tipa\r
\series default\r
\r
\begin_inset Index idx\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
LaTeX-packages ! tipa\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/tipaman.pdf\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "Arabic"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Wiki-page"\r
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 how to set up LyX for Arabic:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "Armenian"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Wiki-page"\r
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 how to set up LyX for Armenian:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "Cyrillic"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Wiki-page"\r
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 how to set up LyX for Cyrillic languages:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "Farsi"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Wiki-page"\r
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 how to set up LyX for Farsi:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "Hebrew"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Wiki-page"\r
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 how to set up LyX for Hebrew:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "Japanese"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Wiki-page"\r
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 how to set up LyX for Japanese:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "Latvian"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Wiki-page"\r
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 how to set up LyX for Latvian:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "Lithuanian"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Wiki-page"\r
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 how to set up LyX for Lithuanian:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "Mongolian"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Wiki-page"\r
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 how to set up LyX for Mongolian:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "Vietnamese"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Wiki-page"\r
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 how to set up LyX for Vietnamese:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Bibliography\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem\r
LatexCommand bibitem\r
key "NewInLyX20"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset href\r
LatexCommand href\r
name "Wiki-page"\r
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 about new features in \r
\family sans\r
LyX 2.0\r
\family default\r
:\r
\begin_inset Newline newline\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Flex URL\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Newpage newpage\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset ERT\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
let\r
\backslash\r
mybibname\r
\backslash\r
bibname\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\r
\r
\backslash\r
renewcommand{\r
\backslash\r
bibname}{\r
\backslash\r
mybibname\r
\backslash\r
; 2}\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The command \r
\series bold\r
\r
\backslash\r
bibname\r
\series default\r
 is the name of the bibliography in the current document language.\r
 It is redefined here with the number 2 at the end to state that the following\r
 bibliography is the second one:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset CommandInset bibtex\r
LatexCommand bibtex\r
bibfiles "biblio/LyXDocs"\r
options "biblio/alphadin"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The above bibliography is created from a BibTeX-database.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset CommandInset nomencl_print\r
LatexCommand printnomenclature\r
set_width "auto"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset CommandInset index_print\r
LatexCommand printindex\r
type "idx"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_body\r
\end_document\r