1 #LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
5 \save_transient_properties true
6 \origin /systemlyxdir/doc/
9 % DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!!
11 % This preamble is designed to ensure that the User's Guide prints
12 % out as advertised. If you mess with this preamble,
13 % parts of the User's Guide may not print out as expected. If you
14 % have problems LaTeXing this file, please contact
15 % the documentation team
16 % email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
18 % for correct jump positions whe clicking on a link to a float
19 \usepackage[figure]{hypcap}
21 % the pages of the TOC is numbered roman
22 % and a pdf-bookmark for the TOC is added
23 \let\myTOC\tableofcontents
24 \renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
26 \pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
30 % macro for italic page numbers in the index
31 \newcommand{\IndexDef}[1]{\textit{#1}}
33 % for customized page headers/footers
34 % only needed because they are only used in one section of the document
36 % change header rule width
37 \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{2pt}
39 % used to have extra space in table cells
40 \@ifundefined{extrarowheight}
41 {\usepackage{array}}{}
42 \setlength{\extrarowheight}{2pt}
44 % workaround for a makeindex bug,
45 % see sec. "Index Entry Order"
46 % only uncomment this when you are using makindex
48 %\renewcommand*{\index}[1]{\OrgIndex{#1}}
50 \options refpage,intoc,bibliography=totoc,index=totoc,BCOR7.5mm,captions=tableheading
51 \use_default_options false
56 \maintain_unincluded_children false
58 \language_package default
61 \font_roman "lmodern" "default"
62 \font_sans "lmss" "default"
63 \font_typewriter "lmtt" "default"
64 \font_math "auto" "auto"
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66 \use_non_tex_fonts false
69 \font_sf_scale 100 100
70 \font_tt_scale 100 100
72 \use_dash_ligatures true
74 \default_output_format pdf2
76 \bibtex_command bibtex
77 \index_command default
81 \pdf_title "The LyX User's Guide"
82 \pdf_author "LyX Team"
86 \pdf_bookmarksnumbered true
87 \pdf_bookmarksopen false
88 \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
93 \pdf_pdfusetitle false
94 \pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
97 \use_package amsmath 1
98 \use_package amssymb 1
101 \use_package mathdots 1
102 \use_package mathtools 1
103 \use_package mhchem 1
104 \use_package stackrel 1
105 \use_package stmaryrd 1
106 \use_package undertilde 1
108 \cite_engine_type default
112 \paperorientation portrait
117 \notefontcolor #0000ff
134 \paragraph_separation skip
137 \math_numbering_side default
138 \quotes_style english
142 \paperpagestyle default
143 \tracking_changes true
144 \output_changes false
148 \author -712698321 "Jürgen Spitzmüller"
159 by the \SpecialChar LyX
164 \begin_layout Plain Layout
166 If you have comments on or error corrections to this documentation, please
167 send them to the \SpecialChar LyX
168 Documentation mailing list:
169 \begin_inset CommandInset href
171 target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
183 \begin_inset Newline newline
187 \begin_inset Newline newline
191 \begin_inset Note Note
194 \begin_layout Plain Layout
195 The latest PDF-version of this document can be found here:
196 \begin_inset Newline newline
201 http://wiki.lyx.org/\SpecialChar LyX
202 /DocumentationDevelopment#UserGuide
210 \begin_layout Standard
211 \begin_inset CommandInset toc
212 LatexCommand tableofcontents
219 \begin_layout Chapter
223 \begin_layout Section
224 What is \SpecialChar LyX
228 \begin_layout Standard
230 is a document preparation system.
231 It is a tool for producing beautiful manu\SpecialChar softhyphen
232 scripts, publishable books, business
233 letters and proposals, and even poetry.
234 It is unlike most other
235 \begin_inset Quotes eld
239 \begin_inset Quotes erd
242 in the sense that it uses the paradigm of a markup language as its core
244 That means that when you type a section header, you mark it as a
245 \begin_inset Quotes eld
249 \begin_inset Quotes erd
253 \begin_inset Quotes eld
257 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
260 pt type, left justified, 5
261 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
265 \begin_inset Quotes erd
270 takes care of the typesetting for you; so you deal only with concepts,
274 \begin_layout Standard
275 This philosophy is explained in greater detail in the
280 If you haven't read it yet, you need to.
284 \begin_layout Standard
289 manual describes several things in addition to \SpecialChar LyX
290 's philosophy: most importantly,
291 the format of all of the manuals.
292 If you don't read it, you will have a bear of a time navigating this manual.
293 You might also be better served looking in one of the other manuals instead
299 manual describes that, too.
302 \begin_layout Section
307 \begin_layout Standard
308 Like most applications, \SpecialChar LyX
309 has the familiar menu bar across the top of its
311 Below it is a toolbar with a pulldown box and various buttons.
312 There is, of course, a vertical scrollbar and a main work area for editing
316 \begin_layout Standard
317 Note that there is no horizontal scrollbar.
318 This is not a bug or an oversight, but intentional.
319 When you read a book, you expect the end of a line to wrap around to the
321 Text overflows onto new pages in a vertical fashion, hence the need for
322 only a vertical scrollbar.
323 There are three cases where you might want a horizontal scrollbar.
324 The first case is large images.
325 To avoid them being displayed larger than your screen, left click on the
326 image and use the option
337 The second and third cases are tables and equations which are wider than
340 You can use the arrow keys to scroll horizontally through the table, but
341 this doesn't work for equations yet.
344 \begin_layout Standard
345 For a brief description of all \SpecialChar LyX
346 menus and toolbar buttons, have a look at
352 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
354 reference "chap:The-User-Interface"
361 \begin_layout Section
365 \begin_layout Standard
366 The help system consists of the \SpecialChar LyX
368 You can read all of the manuals from inside \SpecialChar LyX
370 Just select the manual you want to read from the
377 \begin_layout Section
378 Basic \SpecialChar LyX
380 \begin_inset CommandInset label
382 name "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
389 \begin_layout Standard
390 Almost all features of \SpecialChar LyX
391 can be configured via the menu
393 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
397 \begin_inset Index idx
400 \begin_layout Plain Layout
407 is able to inspect your system to see what programs, \SpecialChar LaTeX
409 and \SpecialChar LaTeX
410 packages are available.
411 It uses this knowledge to give reasonable defaults for the preferences
413 Although this configuration has already been done when \SpecialChar LyX
415 your system, you might have some items that you installed locally, e.
416 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
420 \begin_inset space \space{}
423 new \SpecialChar LaTeX
424 classes, and which are not seen by \SpecialChar LyX
426 To force \SpecialChar LyX
427 to re-inspect your system, you should use
429 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
433 \begin_inset Index idx
436 \begin_layout Plain Layout
437 Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
443 You should then restart \SpecialChar LyX
444 to ensure that the changes are taken into account.
447 \begin_layout Section
450 \begin_inset CommandInset label
452 name "sec:LaTeX-Setup"
459 \begin_layout Standard
460 You can edit documents in \SpecialChar LyX
461 without having \SpecialChar LaTeX
462 installed, but you will not be
463 able to create PDFs or print your documents unless you do have it installed.
464 However, some \SpecialChar LyX
465 documents use DocBook as the “backend” that can produce
466 PDFs and the like, and every \SpecialChar LyX
467 document can always be output as plain text
471 \begin_layout Standard
472 Some document classes may depend upon specific \SpecialChar LaTeX
473 or DocBook classes or packages.
474 Such document classes can be used even if you do not have the required
475 files installed, but you will not be able to produce certain kinds of output.
478 \begin_layout Standard
479 The \SpecialChar LaTeX
480 packages that \SpecialChar LyX
481 has found on your system are listed in a file you can
484 Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
492 If you are missing packages you need, then you must install them and then
493 reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
496 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
500 \begin_inset Index idx
503 \begin_layout Plain Layout
504 Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
512 Installing new \SpecialChar LaTeX
519 manual for more information on installing additional \SpecialChar LaTeX
523 \begin_layout Chapter
524 How to work with \SpecialChar LyX
528 \begin_layout Section
529 Basic File Operations
530 \begin_inset Index idx
533 \begin_layout Plain Layout
542 \begin_layout Standard
547 menu and in the standard toolbar are basic operations for any word processor
548 in addition to some more advanced operations:
551 \begin_layout Itemize
573 \begin_layout Itemize
589 arg "buffer-new-template"
595 \begin_layout Itemize
617 \begin_layout Itemize
627 \begin_layout Itemize
641 \begin_layout Itemize
663 \begin_layout Itemize
675 arg "buffer-write-as"
681 \begin_layout Itemize
695 \begin_layout Itemize
709 \begin_layout Standard
710 They all do pretty much the same thing as in other word processors, with
711 a few minor differences.
714 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
725 command lists the available templates.
726 Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
727 the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
728 They can be of use for certain classes, especially those for writing letters
734 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
736 reference "sec:Document-Classes"
743 \begin_layout Standard
744 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
747 \begin_layout Plain Layout
753 \begin_inset Quotes eld
757 \begin_inset Quotes erd
761 \begin_inset Quotes eld
765 \begin_inset Quotes erd
769 \begin_inset Quotes eld
773 \begin_inset Quotes erd
776 Unless you tell \SpecialChar LyX
777 to open a file or create a new one, that big, blank space
778 is just that — a big, blank space.
786 \begin_layout Standard
807 are useful if more people work on the same document at the same time.
811 \begin_layout Plain Layout
812 If you plan to do this, you should check out the Version Control feature
815 Read Additional Features\SpecialChar endofsentence
833 will reload the document from disk.
834 You can of course also use it if you regret that you changed a document
835 and want to restore it to the last save.
844 you can register the changes you made to a document so that others can identify
845 them as your changes.
848 \begin_layout Section
849 Basic Editing Features
850 \begin_inset Index idx
853 \begin_layout Plain Layout
860 \begin_inset CommandInset label
862 name "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
869 \begin_layout Standard
870 Like most modern word processors, \SpecialChar LyX
871 can perform cut and paste operations
872 on blocks of text, can move by character, word, or page of text, and can
873 delete whole words as well as individual characters.
874 The next four sections cover the basic \SpecialChar LyX
875 editing features and how to access
877 We will start with cut and paste.
880 \begin_layout Standard
881 As you might expect, the
885 menu and the standard toolbar has the cut and paste commands, along with
886 various other editing features.
887 Some of these are special and covered in later sections.
891 \begin_layout Itemize
897 \begin_inset Index idx
900 \begin_layout Plain Layout
929 \begin_layout Itemize
935 \begin_inset Index idx
938 \begin_layout Plain Layout
967 \begin_layout Itemize
973 \begin_inset Index idx
976 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1001 \begin_layout Itemize
1005 \begin_inset space ~
1011 \begin_layout Itemize
1015 \begin_inset space ~
1021 \begin_layout Itemize
1025 \begin_inset space ~
1029 \begin_inset space ~
1035 \begin_inset Index idx
1038 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1047 \begin_inset Index idx
1050 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1065 arg "dialog-show findreplaceadv"
1075 arg "dialog-show findreplace"
1081 \begin_layout Standard
1082 The first three are self-explanatory.
1083 You can also copy text between \SpecialChar LyX
1084 and other programs by
1105 put text in two versions into the clipboard (formatted and unformatted),
1106 so that other programs can choose the most suitable form.
1111 supports formatted and unformatted text as well, and additionally graphics.
1112 It tries to interpret the clipboard contents in an intelligent way.
1113 For example if the clipboard contains text in the format of comma separated
1114 values (CSV) and the cursor is inside a table, the text will be pasted
1115 into individual cells.
1119 \begin_inset space ~
1124 shows you a list with the last strings you have pasted.
1125 You can insert one at the current cursor position by clicking on a list
1129 \begin_layout Standard
1133 \begin_inset space ~
1138 contains optional items for specific formats, depending on the clipboard
1140 These include HTML, \SpecialChar LaTeX
1142 \begin_inset space ~
1149 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1155 , PDF, PNG, JPEG and EMF.
1156 These menu items are useful if the clipboard contains the same contents
1157 in different formats, and you want to select one format explicitly.
1159 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1163 \begin_inset space \space{}
1166 some programs put an image into the clipboard as graphics and as a short
1167 text which is often meaningless.) The menu item
1170 \begin_inset space ~
1173 Special\SpecialChar menuseparator
1175 \begin_inset space ~
1179 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1183 \begin_inset space ~
1192 , with the only difference that it acts on text only.
1193 It will insert the text in the clipboard so that the whole text is inserted
1195 A new paragraph is only started when there is a blank line in the text.
1199 \begin_inset space ~
1204 the text is inserted as paragraphs where the line breaks of the text will
1205 start a new paragraph.
1206 This is for example useful to copy contents of tables from webpages to
1207 a table in \SpecialChar LyX
1212 \begin_inset space ~
1215 Special\SpecialChar menuseparator
1217 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1221 \begin_inset space ~
1229 \begin_inset space ~
1232 Special\SpecialChar menuseparator
1235 paste from the primary selection.
1236 This is normally the currently selected text.
1239 \begin_layout Standard
1242 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
1244 \begin_inset space ~
1248 \begin_inset space ~
1256 \begin_inset space ~
1260 \begin_inset space ~
1266 Once you have found a word or expression, \SpecialChar LyX
1272 button replaces the selected text with the contents of the
1275 \begin_inset space ~
1284 \begin_inset space ~
1289 button to skip the current word.
1293 \begin_inset space ~
1298 to replace all occurrences of the text in the document automatically.
1302 \begin_inset space ~
1307 option can be used if you want the search to consider the case of the search
1309 If the toggle is set, searching for
1310 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1318 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1321 will not match the word
1322 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1330 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1336 Match whole words only
1338 option can be used to force \SpecialChar LyX
1339 to only find complete words, e.
1340 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1344 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1352 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1356 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1364 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1369 offers also an advanced
1372 \begin_inset space ~
1376 \begin_inset space ~
1381 feature that is described in section
1382 \begin_inset space ~
1386 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
1388 reference "sec:Advanced-Find-and"
1395 \begin_layout Standard
1396 Things like notes, floats, etc.
1397 \begin_inset space \space{}
1401 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1405 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1409 This means that the inset is deleted and its content is left as normal
1411 Dissolving an inset is done by setting the cursor to the beginning of an
1416 or by setting the cursor to the end and pressing
1423 \begin_layout Standard
1427 arg "inset-select-all"
1430 while the cursor is in normal text selects the whole document.
1431 When the cursor is inside an inset
1434 arg "inset-select-all"
1437 selects the content of the inset.
1441 arg "inset-select-all"
1444 consecutively will increase the selection to the whole inset and then to
1449 arg "command-sequence buffer-begin ; buffer-end-select"
1452 selects the whole document in every case and puts the cursor to the end
1456 \begin_layout Section
1458 \begin_inset Index idx
1461 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1468 \begin_inset Index idx
1471 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1478 \begin_inset CommandInset label
1480 name "sec:Undo-and-Redo"
1487 \begin_layout Standard
1488 If you make a mistake, you can easily recover from it.
1490 has a large-capacity undo/redo buffer.
1493 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
1496 or the toolbar button
1502 to undo some mistake.
1503 If you accidentally undo too much, use
1505 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
1508 or the toolbar button
1515 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1519 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1522 The undo mechanism is currently limited to 100
1523 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1526 steps to minimize memory overhead.
1529 \begin_layout Standard
1530 Note that if you revert back all changes to arrive at the document as it
1532 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1536 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1539 status of the document is unfortunately not reset.
1540 This is a consequence of the 100
1541 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1544 step undo limit mentioned above.
1547 \begin_layout Standard
1556 work on almost everything in \SpecialChar LyX
1558 But they will not undo or redo text character by character, but by blocks
1562 \begin_layout Section
1564 \begin_inset Index idx
1567 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1576 \begin_layout Standard
1577 These are the most basic mouse operations.
1580 \begin_layout Enumerate
1585 \begin_layout Itemize
1590 once anywhere in the edit window.
1591 The cursor moves to the text under the mouse.
1595 \begin_layout Enumerate
1600 \begin_layout Itemize
1607 marks the text between the old and new mouse positions.
1610 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
1613 to create a copy of the text in \SpecialChar LyX
1614 's buffer (and the clipboard).
1617 \begin_layout Itemize
1618 Re-position the cursor and then paste the text back into \SpecialChar LyX
1621 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
1628 \begin_layout Enumerate
1629 Insets (Footnotes, Notes, Floats, etc.)
1633 \begin_layout Standard
1634 Right-click on them to set their properties.
1635 Also check the appropriate section of this manual for more details.
1639 \begin_layout Section
1641 \begin_inset CommandInset label
1643 name "sec:Navigating"
1648 \begin_inset Index idx
1651 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1660 \begin_layout Standard
1662 offers you several ways to navigate in documents:
1665 \begin_layout Itemize
1670 menu lists all sections of the document as submenu entries that you can
1671 click to jump to the corresponding document part.
1674 \begin_layout Itemize
1675 The “Outline”, which is accessed either by the menu
1677 View\SpecialChar menuseparator
1679 \begin_inset space ~
1684 or by the toolbar button
1687 arg "dialog-toggle toc"
1693 \begin_layout Itemize
1694 You can set bookmarks in your document under
1696 Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
1699 and use the same menu to return to them.
1700 Note that bookmarks are saved between sessions.
1703 \begin_layout Standard
1707 arg "bookmark-goto 0"
1712 Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
1713 Bookmarks\SpecialChar menuseparator
1715 \begin_inset space ~
1720 ) jumps to the position in the document where you recently changed something.
1721 This is useful when you have a large document and have navigated or scrolled
1722 to another document part to look for something, and want to go back to
1723 your last editing position.
1726 \begin_layout Standard
1731 key the cursor will be vertically centered in \SpecialChar LyX
1735 \begin_layout Subsection
1737 \begin_inset CommandInset label
1739 name "subsec:The-Outliner"
1744 \begin_inset Index idx
1747 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1748 Navigating ! Outline
1754 \begin_inset Index idx
1757 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1766 \begin_layout Standard
1767 In the pull-down box at the top of the outline window, you can choose between
1768 several different lists, including other TOC-like objects, such as lists
1769 of tables and figures, but also lists of footnotes, or labels and cross-referen
1771 \begin_inset space ~
1775 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
1777 reference "sec:Cross-References"
1781 ), or notes, or citations (see section
1782 \begin_inset space ~
1786 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
1788 reference "sec:Bibliography"
1793 Clicking on any of these will take you to the corresponding object in your
1797 \begin_layout Standard
1798 Right-clicking on elements in the Outline opens in many cases a context
1799 menu that will allow for direct modification of those elements.
1800 For example, with citations, the context menu allows you to open the citation
1801 dialog and to modify the citation.
1804 \begin_layout Standard
1809 field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear in the outline.
1810 For example, if you are displaying the list of
1812 Labels and References
1814 and wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
1816 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1820 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1823 in the filter, and only entries containing that text will be displayed.
1826 \begin_layout Standard
1827 At the bottom of the outline are several buttons and the like that allow
1828 you further to control the display.
1833 option sorts the current list alphabetically.
1834 Otherwise, the elements appear in the order in which they occur in the
1840 option keeps it in the current view state.
1841 Keeping means that when you have, for example, the subsections of sections
1842 \begin_inset space ~
1845 2 and 4 displayed and click on section
1846 \begin_inset space ~
1849 3, the subsections of sections
1850 \begin_inset space ~
1853 2 and 4 will still be displayed.
1858 option they will be hidden to highlight the clicked section
1859 \begin_inset space ~
1863 Finally, the slider at the left can be used to open the Outline to a given
1865 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1869 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1873 It is best just to experiment with it to see how it works.
1876 \begin_layout Standard
1883 button refreshes the TOC (though this should not usually be necessary).
1884 Next to it are buttons that allow you to change the position of sections
1898 buttons move sections up and down in the document.
1899 So, for example, you can move section
1900 \begin_inset space ~
1904 \begin_inset space ~
1907 2.4 or after section
1908 \begin_inset space ~
1913 will then automatically renumber the sections to the new order.
1926 (or the corresponding key bindings
1934 ) you can change the level of sections.
1935 So you can for example make section
1936 \begin_inset space ~
1940 \begin_inset space ~
1944 \begin_inset space ~
1950 \begin_layout Standard
1951 By right-clicking on a section in the outliner you can select the whole
1952 section to copy, cut or delete it.
1955 \begin_layout Subsection
1956 Horizontal Scrolling
1957 \begin_inset Index idx
1960 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1961 Navigating ! Horizontal Scrolling
1969 \begin_layout Standard
1971 does not have a horizontal scrollbar because the standard output page formats
1973 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1977 \begin_inset space \space{}
1981 \begin_inset space ~
1984 A4 are less wide than PC or laptop screens.
1985 Therefore you will get troubles in the output of your document if document
1986 parts exceed the width of the \SpecialChar LyX
1990 \begin_layout Standard
1991 There are of course exceptions where horizontal scrolling is necessary.
1995 \begin_layout Itemize
1997 is used on a small tablet computer
2000 \begin_layout Itemize
2001 Wide tables that are rotated 90° to fit a whole page
2005 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2013 \begin_inset space ~
2026 \begin_layout Itemize
2027 Math constructs with long command names
2030 \begin_layout Standard
2031 For these cases \SpecialChar LyX
2032 has an mechanism that scrolls automatically when the cursor
2034 As example shrink the \SpecialChar LyX
2035 windows so that table
2036 \begin_inset space ~
2040 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
2042 reference "tab:Horizontal-scrollong-test"
2047 You will now see a dotted red line at the right or the left side of the
2049 Put the cursor into the table and move it with the Tab or the arrow keys
2050 to see the horizontal scrolling of the table.
2053 \begin_layout Standard
2054 \begin_inset Float table
2060 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2061 \begin_inset Caption Standard
2063 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2064 \begin_inset CommandInset label
2066 name "tab:Horizontal-scrollong-test"
2070 Horizontal scrolling test.
2078 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2080 \begin_inset Tabular
2081 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="1" columns="3">
2082 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
2083 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="4.7cm">
2084 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="4.7cm">
2085 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="4.7cm">
2087 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
2090 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2096 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
2099 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2105 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
2108 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2127 \begin_layout Section
2128 Input/Word Completion
2129 \begin_inset CommandInset label
2131 name "sec:Input-Completion"
2136 \begin_inset Index idx
2139 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2146 \begin_inset Index idx
2149 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2154 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2165 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2180 \begin_layout Standard
2182 provides completion of words by scanning all documents that are currently
2184 Every word that appears in these documents is added to a database that
2185 is used to propose completions.
2188 \begin_layout Standard
2189 Input completion can be activated in the \SpecialChar LyX
2192 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
2197 Editing\SpecialChar menuseparator
2204 \begin_inset space ~
2208 \begin_inset space ~
2213 the proposed completion is shown directly after the cursor.
2217 \begin_inset space ~
2222 the completions are always shown in a popup.
2223 The cursor completion indicator can be turned off by deselecting the option
2227 \begin_inset space ~
2233 With the general options you can define the delay time for the inline and
2234 popup completion, you can set the minimal number of characters a word must
2235 have that it will be taken into account for a completion and you can choose
2236 if long completions should be abbreviated.
2239 \begin_layout Standard
2241 displays a small triangle after the cursor as an indicator that there are
2242 completions available.
2247 key to accept a proposed completion.
2248 If several completions are possible, a popup is opened showing them.
2249 You can select a completion in the popup using the mouse or the arrow keys,
2250 and accept the chosen completion by pressing
2257 \begin_layout Standard
2258 The completion options for math in the preferences do the same as the correspond
2259 ing options for text.
2260 The special math option
2264 enables characters to be composed.
2265 If, for example, you want to insert the character
2266 \begin_inset Formula $\Rightarrow$
2269 , you can then input the characters
2270 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2278 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2281 to a formula to get it.
2282 So this is a quick alternative to the insertion of commands or the use
2283 of the math toolbar.
2284 A list with supported character combinations can be found in the file
2288 that is in \SpecialChar LyX
2289 's installation folder.
2290 Math autocorrection can at any time be turned on by pressing the exclamation
2299 \begin_layout Section
2301 \begin_inset Index idx
2304 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2311 \begin_inset Index idx
2314 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2319 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2330 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2343 \begin_inset Index idx
2346 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2351 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2362 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2377 \begin_layout Standard
2378 There are at least two different primary binding maps:
2392 , which can be changed in the \SpecialChar LyX
2395 Editing\SpecialChar menuseparator
2399 (You can list or change any key bindings as explained in section
2400 \begin_inset space ~
2404 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
2406 reference "subsec:Editing-Shortcuts"
2413 \begin_layout Standard
2417 \begin_inset space ~
2425 \begin_inset space ~
2446 , do exactly what you expect them to do.
2450 \begin_layout Labeling
2451 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
2455 \begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
2456 LatexCommand nomenclature
2458 description "Tabulator key"
2465 There is no such thing as a tab stop in \SpecialChar LyX
2467 If you do not understand this, go read sections
2468 \begin_inset space ~
2472 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
2474 reference "sec:Par-indent-intro"
2479 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
2481 reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
2485 , especially section
2486 \begin_inset space ~
2490 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
2492 reference "subsec:Lists"
2498 If you are still confused, look in the
2503 \begin_inset Newline newline
2511 key is only used to accept proposed input completions, to move the cursor
2512 in tables or math matrices or to change the nesting level in Itemize or
2516 \begin_layout Labeling
2517 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
2521 \begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
2522 LatexCommand nomenclature
2524 description "Escape key"
2532 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2536 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2539 It is used, generically, to cancel operations.
2540 Other parts of the manual will go into greater detail about this.
2543 \begin_layout Labeling
2544 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
2550 \begin_inset space ~
2554 \begin_inset space ~
2561 These move the cursor, respectively, to the beginning and end of a line,
2562 unless you are using the Emacs bindings where they jump to the beginning
2566 \begin_layout Standard
2567 There are three modifier keys:
2570 \begin_layout Labeling
2571 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
2577 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2585 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2589 \begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
2590 LatexCommand nomenclature
2592 description "Control key"
2597 in the documentation files) This has a couple of different uses, depending
2598 on which keys it is used in combination with:
2602 \begin_layout Itemize
2611 , it deletes an entire word instead of a single character.
2614 \begin_layout Itemize
2623 , it moves by words instead of characters.
2626 \begin_layout Itemize
2635 , it moves to the beginning and the end of the document, respectively.
2639 \begin_layout Labeling
2640 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
2646 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2654 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2658 \begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
2659 LatexCommand nomenclature
2661 description "Shift key"
2666 in the documentation files) Use this with any of the arrow keys to select
2667 the text between the old and new cursor positions.
2670 \begin_layout Labeling
2671 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
2677 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2685 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2689 \begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
2690 LatexCommand nomenclature
2692 description "Alt or Meta key"
2697 in the documentation files) This is the Alt key on many keyboards, unless
2698 your keyboard has a distinct Meta key.
2699 If you have both keys, you will need to try out which one actually performs
2705 \begin_inset Newline newline
2708 This key does many different things, but it also activates the
2710 menu accelerator keys
2713 If you use this in combination with any of the underlined letters in a
2714 menu or menu item, it selects that menu item.
2718 \begin_layout Standard
2719 For example, the sequence
2720 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2726 \begin_inset space ~
2730 \begin_inset space ~
2736 \begin_inset space ~
2744 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2748 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2752 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2757 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2763 \begin_inset space ~
2769 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2779 \begin_layout Standard
2784 manual lists all other things bound to the
2792 \begin_layout Standard
2793 You will learn more and more key bindings and short-cut keys as you use
2795 , because most actions will prompt a small message in the status bar at
2796 the bottom of \SpecialChar LyX
2797 's main window which describes the name of the action you
2798 have just triggered, and any existing key bindings for that action.
2799 The \SpecialChar LyX
2800 menus also list the defined key bindings.
2801 The notation for the key bindings is very similar to the notation used
2802 in this documentation, so you should not have any problems understanding
2804 However, notice that Shift-modifiers are explicitly mentioned, so
2805 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2813 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2820 followed by a capital
2827 \begin_layout Chapter
2830 \begin_inset Index idx
2833 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2843 \begin_layout Section
2845 \begin_inset Index idx
2848 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2857 \begin_layout Subsection
2861 \begin_layout Standard
2862 Before you do anything else, before you ever start writing a document, you
2863 need to decide what type of document you want to edit.
2864 Different types of documents use different types of spacing, headings,
2865 numbering schemes, and so on.
2866 Additionally, different documents use different paragraph environments,
2867 and format the title of your document differently.
2870 \begin_layout Standard
2875 describes a group of properties common to a particular set of documents.
2876 By setting the document class, you automatically select these properties,
2877 making it easier to create the type of document you want.
2878 If you don't choose a document class, \SpecialChar LyX
2879 picks one for you by default.
2880 So it is up to you to change the class of your document.
2883 \begin_layout Subsection
2885 \begin_inset Index idx
2888 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2895 \begin_inset CommandInset label
2897 name "sec:Document-Classes"
2904 \begin_layout Standard
2905 You can select a class using the
2907 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
2908 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
2912 \begin_inset Index idx
2915 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2922 Select the class you want to use, and make any fine tunings of the options
2926 \begin_layout Subsubsection
2930 \begin_layout Standard
2931 There are four standard document classes in \SpecialChar LyX
2936 \begin_layout Description
2937 Article for basic articles
2940 \begin_layout Description
2941 Report for basic reports
2944 \begin_layout Description
2945 Book for writing a book
2948 \begin_layout Description
2949 Letter for US-style letters
2952 \begin_layout Standard
2953 There are also some non-standard classes, which \SpecialChar LyX
2954 only uses if you have installed
2955 the corresponding \SpecialChar LaTeX
2956 class files, though most \SpecialChar LaTeX
2957 distributions will include
2959 Here are some of the classes.
2960 The full list with detailed explanations can be found in chapter
2962 Special Document Classes
2971 \begin_layout Description
2972 A&A Journal articles in the style and format used in Astronomy & Astrophysics
2975 \begin_layout Description
2976 ACS For submissions to the journals published by the American Chemistry
2980 \begin_layout Description
2981 AGU For submissions to the journals published by the American Geophysical
2985 \begin_layout Description
2986 AMS Layouts for articles and books in the style and format used by the American
2987 Mathematical Society (AMS).
2988 There are three article layouts available.
2989 The standard one uses a typical numbering scheme for theorems etc., that
2990 prepends the section number to the number of the result.
2991 All result-type statements (propositions, corollaries, and so on) are sequenced
2992 together, but definitions, examples, and the like have their own sequence.
2994 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2997 sequential numbering
2998 \begin_inset Quotes erd
3001 scheme does not place the section number with each result, but numbers
3002 them throughout the article in a single sequence.
3003 Each type of result gets its own sequence.
3004 There is also a layout that dispenses with numbering of statements altogether.
3007 \begin_layout Description
3008 Beamer Layout for presentations
3011 \begin_layout Description
3012 Broadway Layout for writing plays.
3013 It is not an existing \SpecialChar LaTeX
3014 document class, but a new one that is distributed
3015 with \SpecialChar LyX
3019 \begin_layout Description
3020 Chess Layout to write about chess games
3023 \begin_layout Description
3025 \begin_inset space ~
3028 vitae classes to create curriculum vitae
3031 \begin_layout Description
3032 Elsarticle Layout for journals of the Elsevier publishing group
3035 \begin_layout Description
3036 Foils Used to make transparencies
3039 \begin_layout Description
3040 Hollywood Used to type spec scripts for the US film industry.
3041 It is not an existing \SpecialChar LaTeX
3042 document class, but a new one that is distributed
3043 with \SpecialChar LyX
3047 \begin_layout Description
3048 IEEEtran Layout for the journals published by the Institute of Electrical
3049 and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
3052 \begin_layout Description
3053 IOP Layout for journals of the Institute of Physics publishing group
3056 \begin_layout Description
3057 Kluwer Layout for journals of the Kluwer publishing group
3060 \begin_layout Description
3061 KOMA-Script a replacement for the standard classes, offers many useful features
3062 like caption formatting, automatic print space calculation etc.
3063 (Is used by this document.)
3066 \begin_layout Description
3067 Memoir another replacement for the standard classes
3070 \begin_layout Description
3071 Powerdot Layout for presentations
3074 \begin_layout Description
3079 is used to write articles for the publications of the American Physical
3080 Society (APS), American Institute of Physics (AIP), and Optical Society
3082 This class is not completely compatible with all \SpecialChar LyX
3086 \begin_layout Description
3087 Slides Used to make transparencies
3090 \begin_layout Description
3092 \begin_inset space ~
3095 Proceedings Layout for the journals published by The International Society
3096 for Optical Engineering (SPIE)
3099 \begin_layout Description
3100 Springer Layouts for journals of the Springer publishing group
3103 \begin_layout Standard
3104 We will not go into detail about how to use these different document classes
3106 You can find details about the non-standard classes in chapter
3108 Special Document Classes
3115 Here, we will settle for a list of some of the common properties of all
3116 of the document classes.
3119 \begin_layout Subsubsection
3123 \begin_layout Standard
3124 You will probably find that many of the document classes listed under
3126 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
3127 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
3129 \begin_inset Index idx
3132 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3141 \begin_inset Quotes eld
3145 \begin_inset Quotes erd
3149 If you open a document that uses such a class, you will receive a warning
3150 saying that there are files that are required to produce output that are
3152 So it may seem that something is wrong.
3155 \begin_layout Standard
3158 includes many more document classes than you will ever need to use, and
3163 , are highly specialized.
3165 tries to support as many different types of documents as possible, and
3166 it includes almost one hundred different layout files, with a growing number.
3167 No \SpecialChar LaTeX
3168 distribution will install by default all files that might be needed
3169 by some document class.
3170 There are just too many of them.
3171 That is why some of the document classes are unavailable.
3174 \begin_layout Standard
3175 If there is a document class you would like to use that is marked as
3176 \begin_inset Quotes eld
3180 \begin_inset Quotes erd
3183 , you just need to install the appropriate package files.
3184 The easiest way to find out which files you need to install is to use that
3185 document class for a new file.
3187 will display a dialog that will list the missing files.
3190 Installing new \SpecialChar LaTeX
3197 manual for information on how to install them.
3198 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
3204 \begin_layout Standard
3205 Although \SpecialChar LyX
3206 provides support for many different sorts of documents, it does
3207 not include support for every document class people might want to use.
3208 For example, many universities provide \SpecialChar LaTeX
3209 class files to be used for dissertation
3210 s submitted to those universities.
3211 The \SpecialChar LyX
3212 team cannot write layout files to support every one of these.
3214 Fortunately, users can write their own layout files, and many users have
3218 Installing New Document Classes, Layouts, and Templates
3224 manual contains information on how to create layout files.
3227 \begin_layout Subsubsection
3229 \begin_inset CommandInset label
3231 name "subsec:Modules"
3236 \begin_inset Index idx
3239 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3248 \begin_layout Standard
3249 Modules load additional features that are not by default available in the
3250 chosen document class.
3251 For example you might want to write Braille (embossed printing) in a document.
3252 This is not available in any document class, so you have to load the correspond
3259 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
3263 \begin_inset Index idx
3266 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3273 Highlighting a module in the dialog will bring up a description of what
3277 \begin_layout Standard
3278 Some modules require \SpecialChar LaTeX
3279 packages or file format converters that are not always
3280 installed by default.
3282 will warn you if you do not have a required package or converter, and
3283 it will tell you what exactly you are missing.
3284 You can still use the module while editing your file, but you will not
3285 be able to export to PDF or print your document, since \SpecialChar LyX
3287 to compile the \SpecialChar LaTeX
3288 file without the missing prerequisites.
3289 If you want to be able to produce this kind of output, then you need to
3290 install the missing prerequisites and then reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
3293 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
3297 \begin_inset Index idx
3300 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3301 Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
3307 See section Installing new \SpecialChar LaTeX
3312 manual for more information on installing required packages.
3315 \begin_layout Standard
3316 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
3319 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3324 Some modules require other modules, and some pairs of modules are incompatible.
3326 will advise you about these things.
3334 \begin_layout Subsubsection
3336 \begin_inset CommandInset label
3338 name "subsec:Local-Layout"
3343 \begin_inset Index idx
3346 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3347 Document ! Local Layout
3355 \begin_layout Standard
3356 Modules are to \SpecialChar LyX
3357 much as packages are to \SpecialChar LaTeX
3358 : They are intended to be used in
3359 a variety of different documents.
3360 If you often find yourself needing the same sort of thing in different
3361 documents, you should consider writing a module for this purpose.
3362 Sometimes, however, a particular document has very special needs, but you
3363 need a specific inset or character style only that one time.
3364 You want something that is like a document's own \SpecialChar LaTeX
3366 What you want is \SpecialChar LyX
3368 \begin_inset Quotes eld
3372 \begin_inset Quotes erd
3384 manual for information on how to use it.
3387 \begin_layout Subsubsection
3391 \begin_layout Standard
3392 Each class has a default set of options.
3393 Here's a quick table describing them:
3396 \begin_layout Standard
3397 \begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
3403 \begin_layout Standard
3405 \begin_inset Tabular
3406 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
3407 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
3408 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
3409 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
3410 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
3411 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
3412 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
3414 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3417 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3423 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3426 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3441 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3444 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3459 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3462 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3477 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3480 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3497 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3500 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3514 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3517 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3532 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3535 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3550 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3553 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3568 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3571 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3588 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3591 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3605 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3608 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3623 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3626 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3641 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3644 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3659 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3662 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3679 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3682 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3696 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3699 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3714 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3717 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3732 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3735 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3750 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3753 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3770 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3773 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3787 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3790 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3805 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3808 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3823 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3826 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3841 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3844 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3866 \begin_layout Standard
3867 \begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
3873 \begin_layout Standard
3874 You're probably also wondering what
3875 \begin_inset Quotes eld
3879 \begin_inset space ~
3883 \begin_inset Quotes erd
3887 There are several paragraph environments used to create section headings.
3888 Different document classes allow different types of section headings.
3893 heading; the rest do not and begin instead with the
3898 Some document classes, such as the ones for letters, don't use any section
3908 headings, there are also
3916 headings, and so on.
3917 We will describe these headings fully in section
3918 \begin_inset space ~
3922 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
3924 reference "subsec:Headings"
3931 \begin_layout Subsection
3933 \begin_inset CommandInset label
3935 name "subsec:Document-Layout"
3940 \begin_inset Index idx
3943 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3950 \begin_inset Index idx
3953 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3962 \begin_layout Standard
3963 The most important properties of document classes are set in the menu
3965 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
3972 \begin_inset space ~
3980 \begin_inset space ~
3985 , you can enter special options for your document class in a comma-separated
3987 This is only necessary if \SpecialChar LyX
3988 doesn't support special options you want to
3989 use for your document.
3990 To learn more about your favorite \SpecialChar LaTeX
3991 -class and its options, you have to read
3995 \begin_layout Standard
3999 \begin_inset space ~
4006 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
4012 \begin_inset space ~
4017 controls what sorts of headings and page numbers go on a page.
4018 You can choose between the following five options:
4021 \begin_layout Labeling
4022 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
4027 Use default page style of current class.
4030 \begin_layout Labeling
4031 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
4036 No page numbers or headings.
4039 \begin_layout Labeling
4040 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
4048 \begin_layout Labeling
4049 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
4054 Page numbers and either the current chapter or section title and number.
4055 Whether \SpecialChar LyX
4056 uses the current chapter or the current section depends on the
4057 maximum sectioning level of the class.
4060 \begin_layout Labeling
4061 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
4066 This allows you to define fully customizable headers and footers if you
4067 have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
4073 \begin_inset Index idx
4076 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4084 How they are defined is explained in section
4085 \begin_inset space ~
4089 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
4091 reference "sec:Customized-Page-Headers"
4098 \begin_layout Standard
4099 The separation of paragraphs is described in section
4100 \begin_inset space ~
4104 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
4106 reference "subsec:Paragraph-Separation"
4113 \begin_layout Subsection
4114 Paper Size and Orientation
4115 \begin_inset Index idx
4118 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4119 Document ! Paper size
4125 \begin_inset CommandInset label
4127 name "subsec:Paper-Size,-Orientation"
4134 \begin_layout Standard
4135 You can find the following options in the menu
4138 \begin_inset space ~
4145 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
4149 \begin_inset Index idx
4152 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4161 \begin_layout Labeling
4162 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
4166 \begin_inset space ~
4171 What size paper to print on.
4176 \begin_layout Itemize
4182 \begin_layout Itemize
4188 \begin_layout Itemize
4194 \begin_layout Itemize
4200 \begin_layout Itemize
4203 US letter, US legal, US executive
4206 \begin_layout Itemize
4212 \begin_layout Itemize
4219 \begin_layout Labeling
4220 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
4225 To choose whether to output as
4236 \begin_layout Labeling
4237 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
4241 \begin_inset space ~
4246 Adjusts the print space to print both sides of paper.
4247 That means that the print space for odd- and even-numbered pages is different.
4250 \begin_layout Subsection
4252 \begin_inset CommandInset label
4254 name "subsec:Margins"
4259 \begin_inset Index idx
4262 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4269 \begin_inset Index idx
4272 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4281 \begin_layout Standard
4282 Paper margins are set in the menu
4284 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
4288 \begin_inset Index idx
4291 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4300 \begin_layout Standard
4301 If you use a KOMA-Script document class, you can use the default settings
4302 because KOMA-Script calculates the print space automatically by taking
4303 the paper format and the font size into account.
4306 \begin_layout Subsection
4310 \begin_layout Standard
4311 If you change a document class, \SpecialChar LyX
4317 That includes the paragraph environments.
4318 Some paragraph environments are standard, in so far as all of the document
4319 classes have them; but some classes have special paragraph environments.
4320 If this is the case, and you change the document class, \SpecialChar LyX
4322 paragraphs whose styles it no longer understands as
4323 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4327 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4331 The name of the style is retained, in case you should want to go back to
4333 But these paragraphs will be output with no special formatting, so you
4334 will either need to create a new style yourself or else convert these paragraph
4335 s manually to a style present in your new document class.
4338 \begin_layout Section
4339 Paragraph Indentation and Separation
4340 \begin_inset Index idx
4343 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4344 Paragraph ! Indentation
4352 \begin_layout Subsection
4354 \begin_inset CommandInset label
4356 name "sec:Par-indent-intro"
4363 \begin_layout Standard
4364 Before describing all of the various paragraph environments, we'd like to
4365 say a word or two about paragraph indentation.
4368 \begin_layout Standard
4369 Everyone seems to have their own convention for separating paragraphs.
4370 Most Americans indent the first line of a paragraph.
4371 Others don't indent but put extra space between the paragraphs.
4372 If you choose indentation for paragraphs the
4376 paragraph of a section, or after a figure, an equation, a table, a list,
4382 Only a paragraph following another paragraph gets indented.
4383 Note that the indentation behavior is different when you use another document
4384 language than English.
4386 takes care that the indentation follows the rules of the language used.
4389 \begin_layout Standard
4390 The space between paragraphs, like the line spacing, the space between headings
4391 and text — in fact, all the spacing for just about everything —is pre-coded
4392 into \SpecialChar LyX
4394 As we said, you don't worry about how much space to add between what.
4397 In fact, these pre-coded vertical spacings aren't a single number but a
4399 That way, \SpecialChar LyX
4400 can squish or stretch the space between lines to make sure figures
4401 fit on a page with text, so that sections don't start at the bottom of
4406 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4408 does this when \SpecialChar LyX
4409 goes to produce a printable file.
4414 However, pre-coded doesn't mean you can't change them.
4416 gives you the ability globally to change
4420 these pre-coded spacings.
4421 We will explain more later.
4424 \begin_layout Subsection
4425 Paragraph Separation
4426 \begin_inset CommandInset label
4428 name "subsec:Paragraph-Separation"
4433 \begin_inset Index idx
4436 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4437 Paragraph ! Separation
4445 \begin_layout Standard
4453 \begin_inset space ~
4461 \begin_inset space ~
4468 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
4472 \begin_inset Index idx
4475 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4481 to indent paragraphs or to add extra space between paragraphs, respectively.
4484 \begin_layout Subsection
4488 \begin_layout Standard
4489 You can also change the separation method of a single paragraph.
4492 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
4494 \begin_inset space ~
4499 dialog and toggle the
4502 \begin_inset space ~
4507 option to change the state of the current paragraph (shortcut
4510 arg "paragraph-params \\indent-toggle"
4514 If paragraphs have no indentation but use extra space for separation, this
4515 button will be ignored (you can't indent a single paragraph by toggling
4519 \begin_layout Standard
4520 You should only need to change the indentation method for a single paragraph
4521 if you need to do some fine-tuning.
4524 \begin_layout Subsection
4526 \begin_inset Index idx
4529 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4530 Paragraph ! Line spacing
4538 \begin_layout Standard
4541 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
4545 \begin_inset Index idx
4548 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4557 dialog you can set the line spacing for the whole document in the submenu
4561 \begin_inset space ~
4570 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4571 You need to have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
4577 \begin_inset Index idx
4580 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4587 installed to use this feature.
4592 You can set it for a single paragraph in the
4594 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
4596 \begin_inset space ~
4601 dialog but this should be used very exceptionally because vertical spacing
4602 is normally defined in the environment's style.
4605 \begin_layout Section
4606 Paragraph Environments
4607 \begin_inset CommandInset label
4609 name "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
4614 \begin_inset Index idx
4617 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4618 Paragraph ! Environments
4624 \begin_inset Index idx
4627 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4628 Paragraph environments|(
4636 \begin_layout Subsection
4640 \begin_layout Standard
4641 Paragraph environments correspond to the
4644 \begin_layout Standard
4653 } \SpecialChar ldots
4663 \begin_inset Newline newline
4666 command sequence in \SpecialChar LaTeX
4668 If you don't know \SpecialChar LaTeX
4669 , or the concept of a paragraph environment is totally
4670 alien to you, we urge you to read the
4679 also contains many more examples than this section does.
4682 \begin_layout Standard
4683 A paragraph environment is simply a
4684 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4688 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4691 for a paragraph which gives that paragraph certain properties.
4692 This can include a particular style of font, different margins, a numbering
4693 scheme, labels, and so on.
4694 Additionally, you can
4695 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4699 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4702 the different environments inside one another, allowing one environment
4703 to inherit some of the properties of another.
4704 The different paragraph environments totally replace the need for messy
4705 tab stops, on the fly margin adjustment, and other hangovers from the days
4707 There are several paragraph environments that are specific to a particular
4709 We will only be covering the most common ones here.
4712 \begin_layout Standard
4713 To choose a new paragraph environment, use the pull-down box
4714 \begin_inset Graphics
4715 filename clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
4721 at the left end of the toolbar.
4723 will change the environment of the
4727 paragraph in which the cursor sits.
4728 You can also change the environment of an entire group of paragraphs if
4729 you select them before choosing the new environment.
4733 \begin_layout Standard
4742 create a new paragraph using the
4746 paragraph environment.
4748 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4752 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4755 because if you are in one of these environments:
4758 \begin_layout Itemize
4764 \begin_layout Itemize
4770 \begin_layout Itemize
4776 \begin_layout Itemize
4782 \begin_layout Itemize
4788 \begin_layout Itemize
4794 \begin_layout Itemize
4800 \begin_layout Standard
4802 keeps the old paragraph environment when you enter
4806 , rather than resetting it to
4811 Also the nesting depth is preserved (for more on nesting see section
4812 \begin_inset space ~
4816 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
4818 reference "sec:Nesting"
4825 \begin_layout Subsection
4829 \begin_layout Standard
4830 The default paragraph environment is
4835 It creates a plain paragraph.
4837 resets the paragraph environment, this is the one it chooses.
4838 In fact, the paragraph you're reading right now (and most of the ones in
4839 this manual) are in the
4846 \begin_layout Standard
4847 You can nest a paragraph using the
4851 environment in just about anything else, but you can't really nest anything
4859 \begin_layout Subsection
4861 \begin_inset Index idx
4864 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4873 \begin_layout Standard
4874 A \SpecialChar LaTeX
4875 title page has three parts: the title itself, the name(s) of the author(s)
4877 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4881 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4884 for thanks or contact information.
4885 For certain types of documents, \SpecialChar LaTeX
4886 places all of this on a separate page
4887 along with today's date.
4888 For other types of documents, the title
4889 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4893 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4896 goes at the top of the first page of the document.
4900 \begin_layout Standard
4902 provides an interface to the title page commands through the paragraph
4916 Here's how you use them:
4919 \begin_layout Itemize
4920 Put the title of your document in the
4927 \begin_layout Itemize
4928 Put the author name in the
4935 \begin_layout Itemize
4936 If you want the date to have a certain appearance, want to use a fixed date,
4937 or want other text to appear in place of today's date, put that text in
4943 Note that using this environment is optional.
4944 If you don't provide any, \SpecialChar LaTeX
4945 will automatically insert today's date.
4946 If you don't want a date, use the option
4948 Suppress default date on front page
4952 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
4953 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
4955 \begin_inset space ~
4963 \begin_layout Standard
4964 You can use footnotes to insert
4965 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4969 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4972 or contact information.
4975 \begin_layout Subsection
4977 \begin_inset Index idx
4980 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4987 \begin_inset CommandInset label
4989 name "subsec:Headings"
4996 \begin_layout Standard
4997 There are several paragraph environments for producing section headings.
4999 takes care of the numbering for you.
5002 \begin_layout Subsubsection
5004 \begin_inset Index idx
5007 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5008 Section headings ! Numbered
5016 \begin_layout Standard
5017 There are 7 numbered types of section headings.
5021 \begin_layout Enumerate
5027 \begin_layout Enumerate
5033 \begin_layout Enumerate
5039 \begin_layout Enumerate
5045 \begin_layout Enumerate
5051 \begin_layout Enumerate
5057 \begin_layout Enumerate
5063 \begin_layout Standard
5065 labels each heading with a series of numbers, separated by periods.
5066 The numbers describe where in the document you are.
5067 Unlike the other headings, parts are numbered with Latin letters.
5070 \begin_layout Standard
5071 Headings all subdivide your document into different pieces of text.
5072 For example, suppose you're writing a book.
5073 You group the book into chapters.
5075 does a similar grouping:
5078 \begin_layout Itemize
5083 is divided into either
5094 \begin_layout Itemize
5106 \begin_layout Itemize
5118 \begin_layout Itemize
5130 \begin_layout Itemize
5142 \begin_layout Itemize
5154 \begin_layout Standard
5155 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
5158 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5163 Not all document types use the
5167 heading as the maximum sectioning level.
5172 is the top-level heading.
5180 \begin_layout Standard
5185 environment to label a new sub-subsection, \SpecialChar LyX
5186 labels it with its number,
5187 along with the number of the subsection, section and, if applicable, chapter
5189 For example: the fifth section of the second chapter of this book has the
5191 \begin_inset Quotes eld
5195 \begin_inset Quotes erd
5201 \begin_layout Subsubsection
5203 \begin_inset Index idx
5206 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5207 Section headings ! Unnumbered
5215 \begin_layout Standard
5216 The unnumbered section headings have a
5217 \begin_inset Quotes eld
5221 \begin_inset Quotes erd
5224 at the end of their name.
5225 They work the same as their numbered counterparts but will not appear in
5226 the table of contents, see section
5227 \begin_inset space ~
5231 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
5240 \begin_layout Subsubsection
5241 Changing the Numbering
5242 \begin_inset CommandInset label
5244 name "subsec:Numbering-depth"
5251 \begin_layout Standard
5252 You can also alter which sectioning levels get numbered and which ones appear
5253 in the Table of Contents.
5254 Now, this doesn't remove any of the levels; that's preset in the document
5256 Just as certain classes start with
5270 Similarly, not all document classes number all sectioning levels.
5280 This is something you can change.
5283 \begin_layout Standard
5286 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
5290 \begin_inset Index idx
5293 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5302 \begin_inset space ~
5306 \begin_inset space ~
5311 you will see two counters.
5316 controls how far down in the sectioning hierarchy \SpecialChar LyX
5317 numbers a section heading.
5318 The other one controls the appearance of the section headings in the table
5322 \begin_layout Subsubsection
5323 Short Titles of Headings
5324 \begin_inset Index idx
5327 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5328 Section headings ! Short titles
5334 \begin_inset Argument 1
5337 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5344 \begin_inset CommandInset label
5346 name "sec:Short-Titles"
5353 \begin_layout Standard
5354 Some section or chapter titles, such as this one, can get quite long.
5355 This can cause trouble when there is limited horizontal space.
5356 For example, if the header of the page is set to show the current section
5357 title, a long title will protrude over the page margins and look awful.
5360 \begin_layout Standard
5362 allows you to specify a short title for section headings.
5363 This short title is used in the header and in the actual table of contents,
5364 avoiding the problem mentioned.
5365 To specify a short title, set the cursor behind the title and use the menu
5368 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
5370 \begin_inset space ~
5376 This will insert a box labeled
5377 \begin_inset Quotes eld
5381 \begin_inset space ~
5385 \begin_inset Quotes erd
5388 which you can use to enter the short title text.
5389 This also works for captions inside floats.
5390 There can only be one short title per title.
5393 \begin_layout Standard
5394 The title of this section is a good example of using this feature.
5397 \begin_layout Subsubsection
5401 \begin_layout Standard
5402 The following information applies to all section headings:
5405 \begin_layout Itemize
5406 You cannot do any nesting with these environments.
5409 \begin_layout Itemize
5410 You cannot use a margin note in any of these environments.
5413 \begin_layout Itemize
5414 You can only use inline math in these environments.
5417 \begin_layout Itemize
5418 You can use labels and cross-references to refer to their numbers.
5421 \begin_layout Subsection
5425 \begin_layout Standard
5427 has three paragraph environments for writing poetry and quotations.
5441 Forget the days of changing line spacing and twiddling with margins.
5442 These three paragraph environments already have those changes built-in.
5443 They all widen the left margin and add a bit of extra space above and below
5444 the text they contain.
5445 They also allow nesting, so you can put a
5453 , as well as in some other paragraph environments.
5456 \begin_layout Standard
5457 There is another feature of these three paragraph environments: they do
5466 when you start a new paragraph.
5467 So, you can type in that poem and merrily enter
5471 without worrying about the paragraph environment changing on you.
5472 Of course, that means that, once you are done typing in that poem, you
5473 have to change back to the
5477 environment yourself.
5480 \begin_layout Subsubsection
5482 \begin_inset CommandInset label
5489 \begin_inset Index idx
5492 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5501 \begin_layout Standard
5502 Now that we've described the similarities of these three environments, it's
5503 time for the differences.
5512 are identical except for one difference:
5516 uses extra spacing to separate paragraphs and never indents the first line.
5525 indents the first line of a paragraph and uses the same line spacing throughout.
5528 \begin_layout Standard
5529 Here's an example of the
5542 I can keep writing, extending this line out further and further until it
5544 See – no indentation!
5548 Here's the second paragraph of this quote.
5549 Again, there's no indentation, but there is extra space between me and
5550 the other paragraph.
5553 \begin_layout Standard
5554 Here's another example, this time in the
5561 \begin_layout Quotation
5567 If I keep writing, you will see the indentation.
5568 If your country uses a writing style that indicates new paragraphs by indenting
5569 the first line, then
5573 is the environment for you! Well, you'd use it
5577 you were quoting other text.
5580 \begin_layout Quotation
5581 Here's a new paragraph.
5582 I could ramble on and on, like a politician at election time.
5583 If I did that, though, you'd get bored.
5586 \begin_layout Standard
5587 As the examples show,
5591 is for those people who use extra space to separate paragraphs.
5592 They should put quotes in the
5597 Those who use indentation to mark a new paragraph should use the
5601 paragraph environment for quoted text.
5604 \begin_layout Subsubsection
5606 \begin_inset Index idx
5609 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5616 \begin_inset Index idx
5619 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5626 \begin_inset CommandInset label
5635 \begin_layout Standard
5640 is a paragraph environment for poetry, rhymes, verses, and so on.
5646 \begin_inset Newline newline
5649 Which I did not rehearse!
5653 It could be much worse.
5654 This line could be long, very long, oh so long, so very long that it wraps
5656 It looks okay on screen, but in the printed version, the extra lines are
5657 indented a bit more than the first.
5658 Okay, so it's turned to prose and doesn't rhyme anymore.
5664 \begin_inset Newline newline
5667 And make things look fine
5668 \begin_inset Newline newline
5674 arg "newline-insert newline"
5680 \begin_layout Standard
5685 does not indent both margins.
5686 Each stanza of the verse or poem is in its own paragraph.
5687 To separate the individual lines of a stanza, use the shortcut
5690 arg "newline-insert newline"
5696 \begin_layout Subsection
5698 \begin_inset Index idx
5701 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5708 \begin_inset CommandInset label
5717 \begin_layout Standard
5719 has four different paragraph environments for creating different kinds
5729 environments, \SpecialChar LyX
5730 labels your list items with bullets or numbers, respectively.
5739 environments, \SpecialChar LyX
5740 lets you provide your own label.
5741 We will present the individual details of each type of list next after
5742 describing some general features of all four of them.
5745 \begin_layout Subsubsection
5749 \begin_layout Standard
5750 The four paragraph environments for lists differ from the other environments
5752 First, \SpecialChar LyX
5753 treats each paragraph as a list item.
5762 reset the environment to
5766 but keeps the current environment and creates a new list item.
5767 The nesting depth is thereby kept.
5768 If you want to keep the paragraph environment but reset the current nesting
5772 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
5776 If you do this at the top level of a list, it returns you to the
5783 \begin_layout Standard
5784 You can nest lists of any type inside one another.
5785 In fact, \SpecialChar LyX
5786 changes the labels on some list items depending on how it is
5788 If you intend to use any of the list paragraph environments, we suggest
5789 you read all of section
5790 \begin_inset space ~
5794 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
5796 reference "sec:Nesting"
5803 \begin_layout Subsubsection
5805 \begin_inset Index idx
5808 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5815 \begin_inset CommandInset label
5824 \begin_layout Standard
5825 The first type of list we will describe in detail is the
5829 paragraph environment.
5830 It has the following properties:
5833 \begin_layout Itemize
5834 Each item has a particular bullet or symbol as its label.
5838 \begin_layout Itemize
5840 uses the same symbol for all of the items in a given nesting level.
5843 \begin_layout Itemize
5844 The symbol appears at the beginning of the first line.
5848 \begin_layout Itemize
5849 The items can have any length.
5851 automatically offsets the left margin of each item.
5852 The offset is always relative to whatever environment the
5859 \begin_layout Itemize
5864 environment inside another
5868 environment, the label changes to a new symbol.
5872 \begin_layout Itemize
5873 There are four different symbols for up to a four-fold nesting.
5876 \begin_layout Itemize
5878 always shows the same symbol on screen.
5881 \begin_layout Itemize
5883 \begin_inset space ~
5887 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
5889 reference "sec:Nesting"
5893 for a full explanation of nesting.
5897 \begin_layout Standard
5898 Of course, that explanation was also an example of an
5907 environment is best suited for lists where the order doesn't matter.
5910 \begin_layout Standard
5911 We said that different levels use different symbols as their label.
5912 Here's an example of all four possible symbols.
5915 \begin_layout Itemize
5916 The label for the first level
5920 is a large black dot, or bullet.
5924 \begin_layout Itemize
5925 The label for the second level is a dash.
5929 \begin_layout Itemize
5930 The label for the third is an asterisk.
5934 \begin_layout Itemize
5935 The label for the fourth is a centered dot.
5939 \begin_layout Itemize
5940 Back out to the third level.
5944 \begin_layout Itemize
5945 Back to the second level.
5949 \begin_layout Itemize
5950 Back to the outermost level.
5953 \begin_layout Standard
5954 These are the default labels for an
5959 You can customize how these labels are displayed in the output in the
5961 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
5964 dialog in the submenu
5969 \begin_inset Index idx
5972 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5978 These customizations are not displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
5982 \begin_layout Standard
5983 Notice how the space between items decreases with increasing depth.
5984 We will explain nesting and all the tricks you can do with different depths
5986 \begin_inset space ~
5990 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
5992 reference "sec:Nesting"
5999 \begin_layout Subsubsection
6001 \begin_inset Index idx
6004 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6011 \begin_inset CommandInset label
6013 name "sec:Enumerate"
6020 \begin_layout Standard
6025 environment is used to create numbered lists and outlines.
6026 It has these properties:
6029 \begin_layout Enumerate
6030 Each item has a numeral as its label.
6034 \begin_layout Enumerate
6035 The label type depends on the nesting depth.
6039 \begin_layout Enumerate
6041 automatically counts the items for you and updates the label as appropriate.
6044 \begin_layout Enumerate
6049 environment resets the counter to one.
6052 \begin_layout Enumerate
6065 \begin_layout Enumerate
6066 Offsets the items relative to the left margin.
6067 Items can have any length.
6070 \begin_layout Enumerate
6071 Reduces the space between items as the nesting depth increases.
6074 \begin_layout Enumerate
6075 Uses different types of labels depending on the nesting depth.
6078 \begin_layout Enumerate
6079 Allows up to a four-fold nesting.
6083 \begin_layout Standard
6092 shows the different labels for each item in \SpecialChar LyX
6094 Here is how \SpecialChar LyX
6095 labels the four different levels in an
6102 \begin_layout Enumerate
6103 The first level of an
6107 uses Arabic numerals followed by a period.
6111 \begin_layout Enumerate
6112 The second level uses lower case letters surrounded by parentheses.
6116 \begin_layout Enumerate
6117 The third level uses lower-case Roman numerals followed by a period.
6121 \begin_layout Enumerate
6122 The fourth level uses capital letters followed by a period.
6125 \begin_layout Enumerate
6126 Again, notice the decrease in the spacing between items as the nesting depth
6131 \begin_layout Enumerate
6132 Back to the third level
6136 \begin_layout Enumerate
6137 Back to the second level.
6141 \begin_layout Enumerate
6142 Back to the outermost level.
6145 \begin_layout Standard
6146 You can customize the type of numbering used in the
6150 environment, see section
6151 \begin_inset space ~
6155 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
6157 reference "subsec:Customized-Lists"
6162 Such customization only shows up in the printed version, not in \SpecialChar LyX
6166 \begin_layout Standard
6167 There is more to nesting
6171 environments than we've stated here.
6172 You should read section
6173 \begin_inset space ~
6177 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
6179 reference "sec:Nesting"
6183 to learn more about nesting.
6186 \begin_layout Subsubsection
6188 \begin_inset Index idx
6191 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6200 \begin_layout Standard
6201 Unlike the previous two environments, the
6205 list has no fixed label.
6206 Instead, \SpecialChar LyX
6208 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6212 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6215 of the first line as the label.
6219 \begin_layout Description
6220 Example: This is an example of the
6227 \begin_layout Standard
6229 typesets the label in boldface and puts extra space between it and the
6233 \begin_layout Standard
6235 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6239 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6242 it is meant that the first usage of the
6246 key ends the label if you are at the beginning of the first line of an
6248 If you need to use more than one word in a label use a
6256 arg "command-alternatives math-space ; space-insert protected"
6261 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
6262 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
6264 \begin_inset space ~
6270 \begin_inset space ~
6274 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
6276 reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
6280 for more information.) Here is an example:
6283 \begin_layout Description
6285 \begin_inset space ~
6288 Example: This one shows how to use a
6291 \begin_inset space ~
6303 \begin_layout Description
6304 Usage: You should use the
6308 environment for things like definitions and theorems.
6309 Use it when you need to make one word in particular stand out in the text
6311 It's not a good idea to use a
6315 environment when you have an entire sentence that you want to describe.
6316 You're better off using
6328 paragraphs into them.
6331 \begin_layout Description
6332 Nesting: You can nest
6336 environments inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and
6340 \begin_layout Standard
6341 Notice that after the first line, \SpecialChar LyX
6342 indents subsequent lines, offsetting
6343 them from the first line.
6346 \begin_layout Subsubsection
6348 \begin_inset Index idx
6351 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6360 \begin_layout Standard
6365 environment is a \SpecialChar LyX
6366 extension to \SpecialChar LaTeX
6370 \begin_layout Standard
6379 list has user-defined labels for each list item but it provides some additional
6381 Here are its properties:
6384 \begin_layout Labeling
6385 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
6387 \begin_inset space ~
6390 labels \SpecialChar LyX
6392 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6396 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6399 of each line as the item label.
6404 after the beginning of the first line of an item marks the end of the label.
6405 If you need to use more than one word in an item label, use a protected
6406 space as described above.
6409 \begin_layout Labeling
6410 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
6411 margins As you can see, \SpecialChar LyX
6412 uses different margins for the item label and the
6413 body of the item text.
6414 The body of the text has a larger left margin, which is equal to the default
6415 label width plus a little extra space.
6419 \begin_layout Labeling
6420 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
6422 \begin_inset space ~
6425 width \SpecialChar LyX
6426 uses the width of the label, or the default width, whatever is larger.
6427 If the label width is larger, the label
6428 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6432 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6435 into the first line.
6436 In other words, the text of the first line isn't aligned with the left
6437 margin of the rest of the item text.
6440 \begin_layout Labeling
6441 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
6443 \begin_inset space ~
6446 width You can set the default label width to ensure that the text of all
6451 environment has the same left margin.
6452 \begin_inset Newline newline
6455 To change the default width, select all items in the list.
6458 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
6460 \begin_inset space ~
6465 dialog (toolbar button
6468 arg "layout-paragraph"
6475 \begin_inset space ~
6480 determines the default label width.
6481 You can use the text of your largest label here, but you can also use the
6483 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6487 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6490 multiple times instead.
6491 M is the widest character and is a standard unit of widths in \SpecialChar LaTeX
6494 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6498 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6501 as the unit of width you don't need to keep changing the contents of
6504 \begin_inset space ~
6509 every time you alter a label in a
6514 \begin_inset Newline newline
6517 The predefined default width is the length of
6518 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6522 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6526 \begin_inset space ~
6532 \begin_layout Standard
6537 list the same way as the
6541 list: When you need one word to stand out from the text that describes
6547 environment gives you another way to do this, using a different overall
6551 \begin_layout Standard
6556 lists inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and so on.
6557 They work just like the other list paragraph environments.
6559 \begin_inset space ~
6563 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
6565 reference "sec:Nesting"
6569 to learn about nesting.
6572 \begin_layout Standard
6573 There is yet another feature of the
6577 list: As you can see in the examples, \SpecialChar LyX
6578 left-justifies the item labels by
6580 You can use additional
6584 to change how \SpecialChar LyX
6585 justifies the item label.
6590 are documented in section
6591 \begin_inset space ~
6595 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
6597 reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
6602 Here are some examples:
6605 \begin_layout Labeling
6606 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
6607 Left The default for
6614 \begin_layout Labeling
6615 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
6616 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
6623 at the beginning of the label right justifies it.
6626 \begin_layout Labeling
6627 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
6628 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
6632 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
6639 at the beginning of the label and one at the end centers it.
6642 \begin_layout Subsection
6644 \begin_inset CommandInset label
6646 name "subsec:Customized-Lists"
6651 \begin_inset Index idx
6654 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6663 \begin_layout Standard
6664 The features described in this section require that the module
6666 Customisable Lists (enumitem)
6668 is loaded in the document settings.
6669 The module uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
6675 \begin_inset Index idx
6678 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6688 \begin_layout Subsubsection
6689 Custom Enumerate Lists
6690 \begin_inset Index idx
6693 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6694 Lists ! Enumerate ! Custom
6702 \begin_layout Standard
6704 The default numbering of numbered lists can be changed by adding an optional
6707 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
6710 ) to the first item of each level in the list.
6711 There you add the command
6714 \begin_layout Standard
6722 \begin_layout Standard
6734 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6735 For more about \SpecialChar TeX
6736 Code, look at section
6737 \begin_inset space ~
6741 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
6743 reference "sec:TeX-Code"
6756 is hereby the first level counter of the enumeration.
6763 outputs the counter as a small Roman numeral.
6764 For capital Roman numerals replace
6776 in the command above.
6777 For Arabic numerals use
6785 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6789 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6792 items with capital or small Latin letters use
6807 \begin_layout Standard
6809 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
6812 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6817 You can only number 26
6818 \begin_inset space ~
6821 items with Latin letters, because this numbering is limited to single letters.
6829 \begin_layout Standard
6830 To change the numbering for the list sublevels, replace the 'i' in the command
6831 by the small Roman numeral of the level (enumi, enumii, enumiii, enumiv).
6834 \begin_layout Standard
6835 Here is a list with custom numbering:
6838 \begin_layout Enumerate
6839 \begin_inset Argument 1
6842 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6846 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6868 \begin_layout Enumerate
6869 \begin_inset Argument 1
6872 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6876 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6895 \begin_layout Enumerate
6900 \begin_layout Enumerate
6901 \begin_inset Argument 1
6904 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6908 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6928 \begin_layout Enumerate
6929 \begin_inset Argument 1
6932 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6936 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6958 \begin_layout Standard
6959 For this list these commands were used:
6962 \begin_layout Standard
6973 \begin_inset Newline newline
6981 \begin_inset Newline newline
6989 \begin_inset Newline newline
6999 \begin_layout Standard
7006 makes the label emphasized and
7015 \begin_layout Standard
7016 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
7019 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7024 When you change the label of a list level, it will be used for all following
7025 lists until you change the definition.
7033 \begin_layout Subsubsection
7035 \begin_inset Index idx
7038 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7039 Lists ! Enumerate ! Resumed
7047 \begin_layout Standard
7048 Enumerations can be resumed after intermediate paragraphs:
7051 \begin_layout Enumerate
7052 \begin_inset Argument 1
7055 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7059 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7074 \begin_inset Note Note
7077 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7078 goes back to default numbering
7086 \begin_layout Enumerate
7090 \begin_layout Standard
7094 \begin_layout Enumerate-Resume
7098 \begin_layout Standard
7099 To resume an enumeration, use the style
7104 Its numbering appears in blue within \SpecialChar LyX
7105 to indicate that it is a resumed
7106 list and that the numbering will not be correct in \SpecialChar LyX
7107 , but in the output.
7110 \begin_layout Standard
7111 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
7114 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7119 If there is no previous enumeration to resume, you will get a \SpecialChar LaTeX
7128 \begin_layout Standard
7129 Perhaps you might want to resume the list with a different number from the
7131 Or you want to start a new enumeration with a defined number.
7132 This is possible by adding an optional argument to the first list item
7133 of a normal enumeration.
7134 There, insert the command
7137 \begin_layout Standard
7143 \begin_layout Standard
7148 is the number with which you want to resume the list.
7152 \begin_layout Enumerate
7156 \begin_layout Enumerate
7160 \begin_layout Standard
7161 Enumeration starting at a given value:
7164 \begin_layout Enumerate
7165 \begin_inset Argument 1
7168 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7172 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7184 This enumeration starts at 4
7187 \begin_layout Subsubsection
7189 \begin_inset Index idx
7192 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7201 \begin_layout Standard
7202 In some cases you might want less or more vertical space between the items
7204 For example if the default space is too much in your opinion in this case:
7207 \begin_layout Itemize
7211 \begin_layout Itemize
7212 with standard spacing
7215 \begin_layout Standard
7216 You can decrease the space by adding an optional argument to the first item
7218 Add there the command
7222 to get no additional list space like in this example:
7225 \begin_layout Itemize
7226 \begin_inset Argument 1
7229 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7233 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7248 \begin_layout Itemize
7252 \begin_layout Itemize
7256 \begin_layout Standard
7257 To add space you can use several other commands provided by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
7264 \begin_inset Index idx
7267 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7275 For more information see its documentation,
7276 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
7286 \begin_layout Standard
7287 There are also many commands available to change the horizontal spacing
7289 Here is an example where the indentation was changed to that of the paragraphs
7290 in the document and the label separation was set to 2
7291 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
7294 cm so that the number is in the page margin:
7297 \begin_layout Enumerate
7298 \begin_inset Argument 1
7301 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7305 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7309 parindent, labelsep=2cm
7322 \begin_layout Enumerate
7323 with negative indentation
7326 \begin_layout Subsubsection
7327 Further Customization
7328 \begin_inset Index idx
7331 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7332 Lists ! Customization
7340 \begin_layout Standard
7341 You can also change the style of description lists.
7345 \begin_layout Standard
7351 \begin_layout Standard
7352 changes the description label font, the command
7355 \begin_layout Standard
7361 \begin_layout Standard
7362 sets the list style.
7365 \begin_layout Standard
7366 An example where the command
7369 \begin_layout Standard
7374 itshape, style=nextline
7377 \begin_layout Standard
7381 \begin_layout Description
7383 \begin_inset space ~
7387 \begin_inset Argument 1
7390 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7394 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7396 labelindent=0pt, labelsep=1cm, font=
7398 itshape, style=nextline
7408 Ionizing radiation consists of particles or electromagnetic waves that are
7409 energetic enough to detach electrons from atoms or molecules, therefore
7413 \begin_layout Description
7415 \begin_inset space ~
7418 counting: In computer science, reference counting is a technique of storing
7419 the number of references, pointers, or handles to a resource such as an
7420 object, block of memory, disk space or other resource.
7423 \begin_layout Standard
7424 There are many more commands and features provided by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
7430 \begin_inset Index idx
7433 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7441 For more information see its documentation
7442 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
7452 \begin_layout Subsection
7454 \begin_inset Index idx
7457 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7466 \begin_layout Subsubsection
7468 \begin_inset space ~
7471 Address: An Overview
7474 \begin_layout Standard
7475 Although \SpecialChar LyX
7476 has document classes for letters, we've also created two paragraph
7484 \begin_inset space ~
7490 To use the letter class, you need to use specific paragraph environments
7491 in a specific order, otherwise \SpecialChar LaTeX
7492 gags on the document.
7493 In contrast, you can use the
7500 \begin_inset space ~
7505 paragraph environments anywhere with no problem.
7506 You can even nest them inside other environments, though you can't nest
7510 \begin_layout Standard
7511 Of course, you're not limited to using
7518 \begin_inset space ~
7527 \begin_inset space ~
7532 , in particular, is useful for creating article titles like those used in
7533 some European academic papers.
7536 \begin_layout Subsubsection
7538 \begin_inset CommandInset label
7540 name "sec:Address-Usage"
7547 \begin_layout Standard
7552 environment formats text in the style of an address, which is also used
7553 for the opening and signature in some countries.
7557 \begin_inset space ~
7562 environment formats text in the style of a right-justified address, which
7563 is used for the sender's address and today's date in some countries.
7564 Here's an example of each:
7567 \begin_layout Right Address
7569 \begin_inset Newline newline
7573 \begin_inset Newline newline
7577 \begin_inset Newline newline
7580 When is it? What is today?
7583 \begin_layout Standard
7587 \begin_inset space ~
7593 Notice that the lines all have the same left margin, which \SpecialChar LyX
7595 the largest block of text on a single line.
7596 Here's an example of the
7603 \begin_layout Address
7605 \begin_inset Newline newline
7608 Where do I send this
7609 \begin_inset Newline newline
7612 Your post office and country
7615 \begin_layout Standard
7616 As you can see, both
7623 \begin_inset space ~
7628 add extra space between themselves and the next paragraph.
7633 in either of these environments, \SpecialChar LyX
7634 resets the nesting depth and sets the
7640 This makes sense, since
7648 function, and the individual lines of an address are not paragraphs.
7649 Thus, you have to use
7656 arg "newline-insert newline"
7661 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
7662 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
7664 \begin_inset space ~
7668 \begin_inset space ~
7673 ) to start a new line in an
7680 \begin_inset space ~
7688 \begin_layout Subsection
7692 \begin_layout Standard
7693 Most academic writing begins with an abstract and ends with a bibliography
7694 or list of references.
7696 contains paragraph environments for both of these.
7699 \begin_layout Subsubsection
7701 \begin_inset Index idx
7704 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7713 \begin_layout Standard
7718 environment is used for the abstract of an article.
7719 Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should
7720 only use it at the beginning of the document, after the title.
7721 Also, don't bother trying to nest
7735 environment is only useful in the article and report document classes.
7736 The book document classes ignores the
7740 completely, and it's utterly silly to use
7744 in a letter document class.
7747 \begin_layout Standard
7752 environment does several things for you.
7753 First, it puts the centered label
7754 \begin_inset Quotes eld
7758 \begin_inset Quotes erd
7762 The label and the text of the abstract are separated by some extra vertical
7764 Second, it typesets everything in a smaller font, just as you'd expect.
7765 Lastly, it adds a bit of extra vertical space between the abstract and
7766 the subsequent text.
7767 Well, that's how it will appear on the \SpecialChar LyX
7769 The actual appearance in the output depends on the document class you are
7773 \begin_layout Standard
7774 Starting a new paragraph by entering
7778 does not reset the paragraph environment.
7779 The new paragraph will still be in the
7784 So, you will have to change the paragraph environment yourself when you
7785 finish entering the abstract of your document.
7788 \begin_layout Standard
7789 \begin_inset Float figure
7794 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7796 \begin_inset Graphics
7797 filename clipart/Abstract.pdf
7804 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7805 \begin_inset Caption Standard
7807 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7808 \begin_inset CommandInset label
7810 name "fig:Paragraph-in-the"
7831 \begin_layout Standard
7832 We would love to demonstrate the
7836 environment, but since this document is in the
7837 \begin_inset Quotes eld
7841 \begin_inset Quotes erd
7844 class, we can't do this.
7845 We inserted it therefore as figure
7846 \begin_inset space ~
7850 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
7852 reference "fig:Paragraph-in-the"
7857 If you have never heard of an
7858 \begin_inset Quotes eld
7862 \begin_inset Quotes erd
7865 before, you can safely ignore this environment.
7868 \begin_layout Subsubsection
7870 \begin_inset Index idx
7873 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7880 \begin_inset CommandInset label
7882 name "subsec:Biblio_environment"
7889 \begin_layout Standard
7894 environment is used to list references.
7895 Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should
7896 only use it at the end of the document.
7908 \begin_layout Standard
7909 When you first open a
7913 environment, \SpecialChar LyX
7914 adds a large vertical space, followed by the heading
7915 \begin_inset Quotes eld
7919 \begin_inset Quotes erd
7923 \begin_inset Quotes eld
7927 \begin_inset Quotes erd
7930 depending on the document class.
7931 The heading is in a large boldface font.
7932 Each paragraph of the
7936 environment is a bibliography entry.
7941 does not reset the paragraph environment.
7942 Each new paragraph is still in the
7949 \begin_layout Standard
7950 There is another, usually better way to include references in your document
7951 by using a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
7953 For more information on that, and for a detailed description of \SpecialChar LyX
7955 handling, have a look at section
7956 \begin_inset space ~
7960 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
7962 reference "sec:Bibliography"
7969 \begin_layout Subsection
7970 Special Environments
7973 \begin_layout Standard
7975 provides two environments that can be used to emulate the behavior of a
7976 computer console/terminal and a typewriter.
7979 \begin_layout Subsubsection
7984 \begin_inset Index idx
7987 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7995 \begin_inset CommandInset label
7997 name "subsec:LyX-Code"
8004 \begin_layout Standard
8010 environment is a \SpecialChar LyX
8012 It type-sets text in a typewriter-style font.
8017 key as a fixed whitespace.
8021 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8034 \begin_inset space ~
8039 instead of an end-of-word marker.
8057 * are the only environments in which you can type multiple whitespaces in
8060 If you need to insert blank lines, you will still need to use
8063 arg "newline-insert newline"
8080 does not reset the paragraph environment.
8081 So, when you finish using the
8086 environment, you will need to change the paragraph environment yourself.
8087 Also, you can nest the
8092 environment inside of others.
8095 \begin_layout Standard
8096 There are a few quirks with this environment:
8099 \begin_layout Itemize
8103 arg "newline-insert newline"
8106 at the beginning of a new paragraph (i.
8107 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
8111 \begin_inset space \space{}
8121 arg "newline-insert newline"
8127 \begin_layout Itemize
8131 arg "newline-insert newline"
8141 arg "command-alternatives math-space ; space-insert protected"
8147 \begin_layout Itemize
8148 You cannot have an empty paragraph or an empty line.
8149 You must put at least one
8153 in any line you want blank.
8154 Otherwise, \SpecialChar LaTeX
8158 \begin_layout Itemize
8159 You cannot get the typewriter double quotes by typing
8163 since that will insert
8168 You get the typewriter double quotes with
8171 arg "self-insert \""
8177 \begin_layout Standard
8181 \begin_layout LyX-Code
8185 \begin_layout LyX-Code
8189 \begin_layout LyX-Code
8193 \begin_layout LyX-Code
8197 \begin_layout LyX-Code
8198 printf("Hello World!
8203 \begin_layout LyX-Code
8207 \begin_layout LyX-Code
8211 \begin_layout Standard
8212 This is just the standard
8213 \begin_inset Quotes eld
8217 \begin_inset Quotes erd
8224 \begin_layout Standard
8230 has one purpose: to typeset code, such as program source, shell scripts
8232 Use it only in those very special cases where you need to generate text
8233 as if you used a typewriter.
8234 \begin_inset Index idx
8237 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8238 Paragraph environments|)
8243 For longer parts of programming code, use the listings inset that is described
8246 Program Code Listings
8251 \begin_inset space ~
8259 \begin_layout Subsubsection
8263 \begin_inset Index idx
8266 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8275 \begin_layout Standard
8280 environment is similar to the
8285 environment with the difference that its content will be treated like a
8286 computer console text.
8291 does therefore not have paragraphs so that
8305 key is treated like a normal space in text (not as a protected space) and
8306 you can have empty lines.
8319 \begin_layout Itemize
8320 have a certain language and a text style
8323 \begin_layout Itemize
8324 contain hyperlinks, boxes, foot- and margin notes, notes, math, citations,
8325 index- and nomenclature entries, labels, tables, graphics, listings, floats
8326 and \SpecialChar TeX
8330 \begin_layout Standard
8331 Because of these properties
8335 works like a typewriter.
8339 \begin_layout Verbatim
8343 \begin_layout Verbatim
8346 The following 2 lines are empty:
8349 \begin_layout Verbatim
8353 \begin_layout Verbatim
8357 \begin_layout Verbatim
8358 Almost everything is allowed in Verbatim:"%&$§#~'`
8363 \begin_layout Standard
8368 environment is identical to
8372 with the difference that spaces appear in the output as the character '
8373 \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
8380 \begin_layout Verbatim*
8384 \begin_layout Section
8385 Nesting Environments
8386 \begin_inset Index idx
8389 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8390 Nesting ! Environments
8396 \begin_inset CommandInset label
8405 \begin_layout Subsection
8409 \begin_layout Standard
8411 treats text as a unified block with a particular context and specific propertie
8413 This allows you to create blocks that inherit some of the properties of
8415 For example you have three main points in an outline, but point #2 also
8417 In other words, you have a list inside of another list, with the inner
8419 \begin_inset Quotes eld
8423 \begin_inset Quotes erd
8429 \begin_layout Enumerate
8433 \begin_layout Enumerate
8438 \begin_layout Enumerate
8442 \begin_layout Enumerate
8447 \begin_layout Enumerate
8451 \begin_layout Standard
8452 You put a list inside a list by nesting one list inside the other.
8453 Nesting an environment is quite simple: Select
8455 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
8457 \begin_inset space ~
8461 \begin_inset space ~
8469 \begin_inset space ~
8473 \begin_inset space ~
8478 to change the nesting depth (the status bar will tell you how far you are
8480 Instead of the menu, you can also use the toolbar buttons
8483 arg "depth-increment"
8489 arg "depth-decrement"
8503 arg "depth-increment"
8509 arg "depth-decrement"
8513 The change will work on the current selection, if you have made one (allowing
8514 you to change the nesting of several paragraphs at once), or the current
8518 \begin_layout Standard
8519 Note that \SpecialChar LyX
8520 only changes the nesting depth if it can.
8521 If it is invalid to do so, nothing happens if you try to change the depth.
8522 Additionally, if you change the depth of one paragraph, it affects the
8523 depth of every paragraph nested inside of it.
8526 \begin_layout Standard
8527 Nesting isn't limited to lists.
8529 , you can nest just about anything inside anything else, as you're about
8531 This is the real power of nesting paragraph environments.
8534 \begin_layout Subsection
8535 What You Can and Can't Nest
8538 \begin_layout Standard
8539 Before we fire a list of paragraph environments at you, we need to tell
8540 you a little bit more about how nesting works.
8543 \begin_layout Standard
8544 The question of nesting a paragraph environment is a bit more complicated
8545 than a simple yes or no.
8546 There are three types of paragraph environments:
8549 \begin_layout Itemize
8550 Completely unnestable
8553 \begin_layout Itemize
8554 Fully nestable, you can nest them inside things and you can also nest other
8558 \begin_layout Itemize
8559 A third type, you can nest them into other environments, but you can't nest
8563 \begin_layout Standard
8564 Here's a list of the three types of nesting behavior, and which paragraph
8565 environments have them:
8568 \begin_layout Description
8569 Unnestable Can't nest them.
8570 Can't nest into them.
8574 \begin_layout Itemize
8580 \begin_layout Itemize
8586 \begin_layout Itemize
8592 \begin_layout Itemize
8598 \begin_layout Itemize
8605 \begin_layout Description
8607 \begin_inset space ~
8610 Nestable You can nest them.
8611 You can nest other things into them.
8615 \begin_layout Itemize
8621 \begin_layout Itemize
8627 \begin_layout Itemize
8633 \begin_layout Itemize
8639 \begin_layout Itemize
8645 \begin_layout Itemize
8651 \begin_layout Itemize
8657 \begin_layout Itemize
8664 \begin_layout Itemize
8670 \begin_layout Itemize
8677 \begin_layout Description
8678 Nestable-Inside You can nest them inside other things.
8679 You can't nest anything into them.
8683 \begin_layout Itemize
8689 \begin_layout Itemize
8695 \begin_layout Itemize
8701 \begin_layout Itemize
8707 \begin_layout Itemize
8713 \begin_layout Itemize
8719 \begin_layout Itemize
8725 \begin_layout Itemize
8731 \begin_layout Itemize
8737 \begin_layout Itemize
8743 \begin_layout Itemize
8749 \begin_layout Itemize
8755 \begin_layout Itemize
8761 \begin_layout Itemize
8765 \begin_inset space ~
8771 \begin_layout Itemize
8778 \begin_layout Standard
8779 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
8782 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8787 Although it is possible, for example, to nest numbered section headings
8797 \begin_inset space ~
8800 into lists, it is highly recommended not to do this because the aim is to
8801 create well-structured documents following typesetting guidelines whereas
8802 nested section headings violate this.
8810 \begin_layout Subsection
8811 Nesting Other Things: Tables, Math, Floats, etc.
8812 \begin_inset Index idx
8815 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8816 Nesting ! Tables etc.
8824 \begin_layout Standard
8825 There are several things that aren't paragraph environments, but which are
8826 affected by nesting anyhow.
8830 \begin_layout Itemize
8834 \begin_layout Itemize
8838 \begin_layout Itemize
8842 \begin_layout Standard
8844 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
8847 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8852 Figures and tables in
8856 are not affected by this.
8861 Have a look at section
8862 \begin_inset space ~
8866 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
8868 reference "sec:Floats"
8872 for more information about
8879 \begin_layout Standard
8881 can treat these three objects as either a word or as a paragraph.
8882 If a figure, table, or an equation is inline, it goes wherever the paragraph
8886 \begin_layout Standard
8887 On the other hand, if you have an equation, figure or table in a
8888 \begin_inset Quotes eld
8892 \begin_inset Quotes erd
8895 of its own, it behaves just like a
8896 \begin_inset Quotes eld
8900 \begin_inset Quotes erd
8903 paragraph environment.
8904 You can nest it into any environment, but you obviously can't nest anything
8908 \begin_layout Standard
8909 Here's an example with a table:
8912 \begin_layout Enumerate
8917 \begin_layout Enumerate
8918 This is (a) and it's nested.
8922 \begin_layout Standard
8923 \begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
8929 \begin_layout Standard
8931 \begin_inset Tabular
8932 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
8933 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
8934 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
8935 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
8937 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
8940 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8955 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
8958 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8975 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
8978 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8993 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
8996 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9019 \begin_layout Standard
9020 \begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
9027 \begin_layout Enumerate
9029 The table is actually nested inside (a).
9033 \begin_layout Enumerate
9037 \begin_layout Standard
9038 If we hadn't nested the table at all, the list would look like this:
9041 \begin_layout Enumerate
9046 \begin_layout Enumerate
9047 This is (a) and it's nested.
9051 \begin_layout Standard
9052 \begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
9058 \begin_layout Standard
9060 \begin_inset Tabular
9061 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
9062 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
9063 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
9064 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
9066 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
9069 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9084 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
9087 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9104 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
9107 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9122 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
9125 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9148 \begin_layout Standard
9149 \begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
9155 \begin_layout Enumerate
9162 In fact, it's not nested at all.
9165 \begin_layout Enumerate
9169 \begin_layout Standard
9170 Notice how item (b) is not only no longer nested, but is also the first
9174 \begin_layout Standard
9175 There's another trap you can fall into: Nesting the table, but not going
9178 then turns anything after the table into a new sublist.
9181 \begin_layout Enumerate
9186 \begin_layout Enumerate
9187 This is (a) and it's nested.
9190 \begin_layout Standard
9191 \begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
9197 \begin_layout Standard
9199 \begin_inset Tabular
9200 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
9201 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
9202 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
9203 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
9205 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
9208 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9223 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
9226 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9243 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
9246 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9261 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
9264 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9288 \begin_layout Standard
9289 \begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
9295 \begin_layout Enumerate
9297 The table is actually nested inside Item One, but
9304 \begin_layout Enumerate
9308 \begin_layout Standard
9309 As you can see, item (b) turned into the first item of a new list, but a
9315 The same thing would have happened to a figure or an equation.
9316 So, if you nest tables, figures or equations, make sure you go to the right
9320 \begin_layout Subsection
9321 Usage and General Features
9324 \begin_layout Standard
9325 Speaking of levels, \SpecialChar LyX
9326 can perform up to a six-fold nesting.
9328 \begin_inset Quotes eld
9332 \begin_inset Quotes erd
9335 is the innermost possible depth.
9336 Here's an example to illustrate what we mean:
9339 \begin_layout Enumerate
9340 level #1 – outermost
9344 \begin_layout Enumerate
9349 \begin_layout Enumerate
9354 \begin_layout Enumerate
9359 \begin_layout Itemize
9364 \begin_layout Itemize
9373 \begin_layout Standard
9374 There are two exceptions to the six-fold nesting limit, and you can see
9375 both of them in the example.
9376 Unlike the other fully-nestable environments, you can only perform a four-fold
9386 For example, if we tried to nest another
9391 \begin_inset Quotes eld
9395 \begin_inset Quotes erd
9398 , we would get errors.
9401 \begin_layout Subsection
9403 \begin_inset Index idx
9406 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9415 \begin_layout Standard
9416 The best way to explain just what you can do with nesting is by illustration.
9417 We have several examples of nested environments.
9418 In them, we explain how we created the example, so that you can reproduce
9422 \begin_layout Subsubsection
9423 Example 1: The Six-fold Way and Mixed Nesting
9426 \begin_layout Labeling
9427 \labelwidthstring MMM
9428 #1-a This is the outermost level.
9437 \begin_layout Labeling
9438 \labelwidthstring MMM
9439 #2-a This is level #2.
9440 We created it by using
9443 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9449 arg "depth-increment"
9456 \begin_layout Labeling
9457 \labelwidthstring MMM
9458 #3-a This is level #3.
9459 This time, we just enter
9466 arg "depth-increment"
9470 We could have also created it the same way as we did the previous level,
9474 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9480 arg "depth-increment"
9487 \begin_layout Standard
9492 environment, nested inside of
9493 \begin_inset Quotes eld
9497 \begin_inset Quotes erd
9501 So, it's at level #4.
9502 We did this by entering
9505 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9511 arg "depth-increment"
9514 , then changing the paragraph environment to
9519 Do this to create list items with more than one paragraph — it also works
9535 \begin_layout Standard
9540 paragraph, also at level #4, made with just a
9543 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9549 \begin_layout Labeling
9550 \labelwidthstring MMM
9551 #4-a This is level #4.
9555 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9558 and changed the paragraph environment back to
9563 Remember — we can't nest anything inside a
9567 environment, which is why we're still at level #4.
9572 keep nesting things inside
9573 \begin_inset Quotes eld
9577 \begin_inset Quotes erd
9584 \begin_layout Labeling
9585 \labelwidthstring MMM
9586 #5-a This is level #5\SpecialChar ldots
9591 \begin_layout Labeling
9592 \labelwidthstring MMM
9593 #6-a \SpecialChar ldots
9594 and this is level #6.
9595 By now, you should know how we made these two.
9599 \begin_layout Labeling
9600 \labelwidthstring MMM
9601 #5-b Back to level #5.
9605 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9611 arg "depth-decrement"
9618 \begin_layout Labeling
9619 \labelwidthstring MMM
9623 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9629 arg "depth-decrement"
9632 , we're back at level #4.
9636 \begin_layout Labeling
9637 \labelwidthstring MMM
9638 #3-b Back to level #3.
9639 By now it should be obvious how we did this.
9643 \begin_layout Labeling
9644 \labelwidthstring MMM
9645 #2-b Back to level #2.
9650 \begin_layout Labeling
9651 \labelwidthstring MMM
9652 #1-b And last, back to the outermost level, #1.
9653 After this sentence, we will enter
9657 and change the paragraph environment back to
9664 \begin_layout Standard
9665 We could have also used the
9681 environment in place of the
9686 The example would have worked exactly the same.
9689 \begin_layout Subsubsection
9690 Example 2: Inheritance
9693 \begin_layout LyX-Code
9694 This is the LyX-Code environment, at level #1, the outermost
9697 \begin_layout LyX-Code
9706 arg "depth-increment"
9710 \begin_inset Newline newline
9713 which, we will change to the
9721 \begin_layout Enumerate
9726 environment, at level #2.
9729 \begin_layout Enumerate
9730 Notice how the nested
9734 not only inherits its margins from its parent environment (
9738 ), but also inherits its font and spacing!
9742 \begin_layout Standard
9743 We ended this example by entering
9748 After that, we needed to reset the paragraph environment to
9752 and reset the nesting depth by using
9755 arg "depth-decrement"
9761 \begin_layout Subsubsection
9762 Example 3: Labels, Levels, and the
9771 \begin_inset Argument 1
9774 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9775 Example #3: Labels, Levels and other list environments
9783 \begin_layout Enumerate
9784 This is level #1, in an
9788 paragraph environment.
9789 We're actually going to nest a bunch of these.
9793 \begin_layout Enumerate
9798 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9804 arg "depth-increment"
9808 Now, what happens if we nest an
9812 environment inside of this one? It will be at level #3, but what will its
9813 label be? An asterisk?
9817 \begin_layout Itemize
9827 environment, even though it's at level #3.
9828 So, its label is a bullet.
9829 (We got here by using
9832 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9838 arg "depth-increment"
9841 , then changing the environment to
9849 \begin_layout Itemize
9850 Here's level #4, produced using
9853 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9859 arg "depth-increment"
9863 We will do that again\SpecialChar ldots
9868 \begin_layout Enumerate
9871 This time, however, we also changed the paragraph environment back to
9876 Notice the type of numbering, it is
9880 , because we are in the
9888 environment (that is, it is an
9903 \begin_layout Enumerate
9908 change the paragraph environment, but decrease the nesting depth? What
9909 type of numbering does \SpecialChar LyX
9913 \begin_layout Enumerate
9914 Oh, as if you couldn't guess by now, we're just using
9917 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9920 to keep the current environment and depth but create a new item.
9923 \begin_layout Enumerate
9927 arg "depth-decrement"
9930 to decrease the depth after the next
9933 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9940 \begin_layout Enumerate
9942 Look what type of label \SpecialChar LyX
9947 \begin_layout Enumerate
9949 Even though we've changed levels, \SpecialChar LyX
9950 is still using a lowercase Roman numeral
9954 \begin_layout Enumerate
9955 Because, even though the nesting depth has changed, the paragraph is
9964 Notice, however, that \SpecialChar LyX
9969 reset the counter for the label.
9973 \begin_layout Enumerate
9977 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
9983 arg "depth-decrement"
9986 sequence, and we're back to level #2.
9987 This time, we not only changed the nesting depth, but we also moved back
9988 into the twofold-nested
9996 \begin_layout Enumerate
9997 The same thing happens if we do another
10000 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
10006 arg "depth-decrement"
10009 sequence and return to level #1, the outermost level.
10012 \begin_layout Standard
10013 Lastly, we reset the environment to
10018 As you can see, the level number doesn't correspond to what type of labeling
10029 The number of other
10033 environments surrounding it determines what kind of label \SpecialChar LyX
10040 The same rule applies for the
10044 environment, as well.
10047 \begin_layout Subsubsection
10048 Example 4: Going Bonkers
10051 \begin_layout Enumerate
10052 We're going to go totally nuts now.
10053 We will not nest as deep as in the other examples, nor will we go into
10054 the same detail with how we did it.
10063 \begin_layout Standard
10071 arg "depth-increment"
10078 : level #2) We will stick an encapsulated description of how we created
10079 the example in parentheses someplace.
10080 For example, the two key bindings are how we changed the depth.
10081 The environment name is the name of the current environment.
10082 Either before or after this, we will put in the level.
10086 \begin_layout Enumerate
10091 : level #1) This is the next item in the list.
10095 \begin_layout Verse
10096 Now we will add verse.
10097 \begin_inset Newline newline
10100 It will get much worse.
10101 \begin_inset Newline newline
10111 arg "depth-increment"
10121 \begin_layout Verse
10122 Fiddle dee, Fiddle doo.
10123 \begin_inset Newline newline
10126 Bippitey boppitey boo!
10127 \begin_inset Newline newline
10133 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
10141 \begin_layout Verse
10142 Here comes a table:
10146 \begin_layout Standard
10147 \begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
10153 \begin_layout Standard
10155 \begin_inset Tabular
10156 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
10157 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
10158 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
10159 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
10161 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
10164 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10179 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
10182 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10199 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
10202 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10217 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
10220 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10244 \begin_layout Verse
10248 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
10258 arg "depth-increment"
10264 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
10270 \begin_inset Newline newline
10278 arg "depth-decrement"
10285 \begin_layout Enumerate
10290 : level #1) This is another item.
10291 Note that selecting a
10295 resets the nesting depth to level #1, so we increased the nesting depth
10296 3 times to put the table inside the
10304 \begin_layout Quotation
10305 We're now ending the
10309 list and changing to
10314 We're still at level #1.
10315 We want to show you some of the things you can do by mixing environments.
10316 The next set of paragraphs is a
10317 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10321 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10324 We will nest both the
10331 \begin_inset space ~
10336 environments inside of this one, then use another nested
10340 for the letter body.
10344 arg "paragraph-break inverse"
10347 to preserve the depth.
10348 Remember that you need to use
10351 arg "newline-insert newline"
10354 to create multiple lines inside the
10361 \begin_inset space ~
10371 \begin_layout Right Address
10373 \begin_inset Newline newline
10376 Moosegroin, MT 00100
10377 \begin_inset Newline newline
10383 \begin_layout Address
10385 \begin_inset space ~
10391 \begin_layout Quotation
10392 We regret to inform you that we cannot fill your order for 50
10393 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
10396 L of compressed methane gas due to circumstances beyond our control.
10397 Unfortunately, several of our cows have mysteriously exploded, creating
10398 a backlog in our orders for methane.
10399 We will place your name on the waiting list and try to fill your order
10400 as soon as possible.
10401 In the meantime, we thank you for your patience.
10404 \begin_layout Quotation
10405 We do, however, now have a special on beef.
10406 If you are interested, please return the enclosed pricing and order form
10407 with your order, along with payment.
10410 \begin_layout Quotation
10411 We thank you again for your patience.
10414 \begin_layout Address
10416 \begin_inset Newline newline
10423 \begin_layout Quotation
10424 That ends that example!
10427 \begin_layout Standard
10428 As you can see, nesting environments in \SpecialChar LyX
10429 gives you a lot of power with just
10431 We could have easily nested an
10452 You have a huge variety of options at your disposal.
10455 \begin_layout Subsection
10457 \begin_inset Index idx
10460 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10461 Nesting ! Separation
10467 \begin_inset CommandInset label
10469 name "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
10476 \begin_layout Standard
10477 It is sometimes necessary to have two consecutive environments of the same
10479 For example you need two different enumerations:
10482 \begin_layout Enumerate
10487 \begin_layout Enumerate
10492 \begin_layout Enumerate
10496 \begin_layout Standard
10497 \begin_inset Separator plain
10503 \begin_layout Itemize
10509 \begin_layout Standard
10510 \begin_inset Separator parbreak
10516 \begin_layout Enumerate
10520 \begin_layout Enumerate
10524 \begin_layout Enumerate
10528 \begin_layout Standard
10529 To split an existing list into two lists, set the cursor at the end of a
10530 list item and use the menu
10532 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
10533 Start New Environment
10536 This inserts a plain separator (red line in \SpecialChar LyX
10537 ) and behind it the new list.
10540 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
10541 Start New Parent Environment
10543 only appears if the item is nested.
10544 It does not only separate the list but also creates a new one outside the
10548 \begin_layout Standard
10549 By right-clicking on a separator one can change it into a paragraph separator
10550 (red arrow in LyX).
10551 The difference between both separator types is that the plain separator
10552 only splits the list and not the current paragraph.
10555 \begin_layout Standard
10556 In general, you get an environment separator when you press
10559 arg "paragraph-break"
10566 environment immediately after a non-Standard one.
10569 \begin_layout Section
10570 Spacing, pagination and line breaks
10571 \begin_inset Index idx
10574 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10583 \begin_layout Standard
10584 What is a space? While you might be used to pressing the space key anytime
10585 you want to separate two words in ordinary word processors, \SpecialChar LyX
10587 more spaces: spaces of different widths and spaces which can or cannot
10588 be broken at the end of a line.
10589 The following sections will show you some examples where those spaces are
10593 \begin_layout Subsection
10595 \begin_inset CommandInset label
10597 name "subsec:Protected-Space"
10602 \begin_inset Index idx
10605 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10614 \begin_layout Standard
10615 The protected space: It is used to tell \SpecialChar LyX
10616 (and \SpecialChar LaTeX
10617 ) not to break the line at
10619 This may be necessary to avoid unlucky line breaks, like in:
10622 \begin_layout Quote
10623 Further documentation is given in section
10624 \begin_inset Newline newline
10628 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
10630 reference "sec:Bibliography"
10638 \begin_layout Standard
10639 Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected space between
10640 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10644 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10648 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10652 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
10654 reference "sec:Bibliography"
10659 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10663 A protected space is set with
10665 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
10666 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
10668 \begin_inset space ~
10676 arg "command-alternatives math-space ; space-insert protected"
10682 \begin_layout Subsection
10684 \begin_inset CommandInset label
10686 name "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
10691 \begin_inset Index idx
10694 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10695 Spacing ! Horizontal
10703 \begin_layout Standard
10704 All horizontal spaces can be inserted with the menu
10706 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
10707 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
10711 The length units are listed in Appendix
10712 \begin_inset space ~
10716 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
10718 reference "chap:Units-available-in"
10725 \begin_layout Subsubsection
10727 \begin_inset CommandInset label
10729 name "subsec:Inter-word-Space"
10734 \begin_inset Index idx
10737 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10738 Spaces ! Inter-word
10746 \begin_layout Standard
10747 With the introduction of typewriters, it became conventional in some countries
10748 to type two spaces after a period to mimic the wider spaces used by typesetters
10749 at the ends of sentences.
10750 There is no need to do this as \SpecialChar LyX
10751 automatically takes care about this.
10752 However, you do not want an end of sentence space after an abbreviation
10753 followed by a period; see section
10754 \begin_inset space ~
10758 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
10760 reference "subsec:Abbreviations"
10765 To insert a normal space, select
10767 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
10768 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
10770 \begin_inset space ~
10778 arg "space-insert normal"
10784 \begin_layout Subsubsection
10786 \begin_inset CommandInset label
10788 name "subsec:Thin-Space"
10793 \begin_inset Index idx
10796 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10805 \begin_layout Standard
10807 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10811 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10814 is a blank which has half the size of a normal space (and it is also
10815 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10819 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10823 The typographical conventions in a lot of languages propose the use of
10824 thin spaces in cases where normal spaces would be too wide, for instance,
10825 inside abbreviations:
10828 \begin_layout Quote
10830 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
10834 Knuth has developed our beloved typesetting program.
10837 \begin_layout Standard
10838 or between values and units.
10839 Compare for example this:
10840 \begin_inset Newline newline
10844 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
10848 \begin_inset Newline newline
10851 10 kg (normal space
10854 \begin_layout Standard
10855 You can insert thin spaces with the menu
10857 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
10858 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
10860 \begin_inset space ~
10868 arg "space-insert thin"
10874 \begin_layout Subsubsection
10878 \begin_layout Standard
10879 You can also insert the following space types:
10882 \begin_layout Description
10884 \begin_inset space ~
10888 \begin_inset space ~
10891 space A line with a
10892 \begin_inset Formula $\to$
10896 \begin_inset space \negthinspace{}
10900 \begin_inset Formula $\gets$
10903 negative thin space between the arrows.
10906 \begin_layout Description
10908 \begin_inset space ~
10912 \begin_inset space ~
10915 space A line with a
10916 \begin_inset Formula $\to$
10920 \begin_inset space \negmedspace{}
10924 \begin_inset Formula $\gets$
10927 negative medium space between the arrows.
10930 \begin_layout Description
10932 \begin_inset space ~
10936 \begin_inset space ~
10939 space A line with a
10940 \begin_inset Formula $\to$
10944 \begin_inset space \negthickspace{}
10948 \begin_inset Formula $\gets$
10951 negative thick space between the arrows.
10954 \begin_layout Description
10956 \begin_inset space ~
10960 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
10964 \begin_inset Formula $\to$
10968 \begin_inset space \enskip{}
10972 \begin_inset Formula $\gets$
10976 \begin_inset space ~
10980 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
10983 em) space between the arrows.
10986 \begin_layout Description
10988 \begin_inset space ~
10992 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
10996 \begin_inset Formula $\to$
11000 \begin_inset space \quad{}
11004 \begin_inset Formula $\gets$
11008 \begin_inset space ~
11012 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11015 em) space between the arrows.
11018 \begin_layout Description
11020 \begin_inset space ~
11024 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11028 \begin_inset Formula $\to$
11032 \begin_inset space \qquad{}
11036 \begin_inset Formula $\gets$
11040 \begin_inset space ~
11044 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11047 em) space between the arrows.
11050 \begin_layout Description
11052 \begin_inset space ~
11056 \begin_inset Formula $\to$
11060 \begin_inset space \hspace{}
11065 \begin_inset Formula $\gets$
11069 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11072 cm space between the arrows.
11075 \begin_layout Standard
11077 \begin_inset space ~
11081 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
11083 reference "tab:Width-of-the"
11087 lists the different space sizes.
11090 \begin_layout Standard
11091 \begin_inset Float table
11096 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11097 \begin_inset Caption Standard
11099 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11100 \begin_inset CommandInset label
11102 name "tab:Width-of-the"
11106 Width of the different horizontal spaces.
11114 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11116 \begin_inset Tabular
11117 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
11118 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
11119 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
11120 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
11122 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
11125 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11133 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
11136 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11146 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
11149 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11155 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
11158 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11160 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11170 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
11173 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11179 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
11182 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11184 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11194 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
11197 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11203 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
11206 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11208 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11218 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
11221 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11227 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
11230 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11232 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11236 \begin_inset Formula $\thinspace=\thinspace$
11240 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11250 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
11253 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11259 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
11262 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11264 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11274 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
11277 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11283 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
11286 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11288 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11298 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
11301 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11303 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11311 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
11314 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11316 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11326 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
11329 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11331 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11339 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
11342 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11344 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11354 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
11357 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11359 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11367 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
11370 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11372 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11393 \begin_layout Subsubsection
11395 \begin_inset Index idx
11398 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11407 \begin_layout Standard
11408 Horizontal fills (HFills) are a special \SpecialChar LyX
11409 feature for adding extra space
11410 in a uniform fashion.
11411 An HFill is actually a variable length space, whose length always equals
11412 the remaining space between the left and right margins.
11413 If there is more than one HFill on a line, they divide the available space
11414 equally between themselves.
11417 \begin_layout Standard
11418 Here are a few examples of what you can do with them:
11421 \begin_layout Quote
11423 This is on the left side
11424 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
11427 This is on the right
11430 \begin_layout Quote
11433 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
11437 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
11443 \begin_layout Quote
11446 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
11450 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
11454 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
11460 \begin_layout Standard
11461 That was an example in the
11467 \begin_inset Formula $\to$
11471 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
11475 \begin_inset Formula $\gets$
11478 is one in a standard paragraph.
11479 It may or may not be apparent in the printed text, but it
11483 sitting in-between the two arrows.
11486 \begin_layout Standard
11487 HFills can be made visible when you choose one of the
11490 \begin_inset space ~
11495 s in the space dialog: The following patterns are available:
11498 \begin_layout Standard
11500 \begin_inset space \dotfill{}
11504 \begin_inset space ~
11510 \begin_layout Standard
11512 \begin_inset space \hrulefill{}
11516 \begin_inset space ~
11522 \begin_layout Standard
11524 \begin_inset space \leftarrowfill{}
11528 \begin_inset space ~
11534 \begin_layout Standard
11536 \begin_inset space \rightarrowfill{}
11540 \begin_inset space ~
11546 \begin_layout Standard
11548 \begin_inset space \downbracefill{}
11552 \begin_inset space ~
11558 \begin_layout Standard
11560 \begin_inset space \upbracefill{}
11564 \begin_inset space ~
11570 \begin_layout Standard
11571 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
11574 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11579 If an HFill is at the beginning of a line, and
11583 in the first line in a paragraph, \SpecialChar LyX
11585 This prevents HFills from accidentally being wrapped onto a new line.
11586 If you need space in this case anyway, set the
11590 option in the space dialog.
11598 \begin_layout Subsubsection
11600 \begin_inset CommandInset label
11602 name "subsec:Phantom-Space"
11607 \begin_inset Index idx
11610 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11619 \begin_layout Standard
11620 Sometimes you want to insert space with exactly the length of a phrase.
11621 For example, you want to create the following multiple choice question:
11624 \begin_layout Standard
11625 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
11628 What is correct English?:
11629 \begin_inset Newline newline
11633 \begin_inset Newline newline
11637 \begin_inset space ~
11640 Edge would have been jumps the gun.
11641 \begin_inset Newline newline
11645 \begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
11648 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11656 \begin_inset Newline newline
11660 \begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
11663 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11671 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
11677 \begin_layout Standard
11679 so that the choices appear exactly after the phrase
11680 \begin_inset Quotes eld
11684 \begin_inset space ~
11688 \begin_inset space ~
11692 \begin_inset Quotes erd
11696 To get this, you can use the phantom insets available via the menu
11698 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
11699 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
11703 In our case insert a horizontal phantom at the beginning of the last two
11705 \begin_inset Quotes eld
11709 \begin_inset space ~
11713 \begin_inset space ~
11717 \begin_inset Quotes erd
11720 into the phantom inset (note the space after
11721 \begin_inset Quotes eld
11725 \begin_inset Quotes erd
11729 A phantom insets prints only the space of its content (like a placeholder).
11730 That is why it is named
11731 \begin_inset Quotes eld
11735 \begin_inset Quotes erd
11739 The normal phantom outputs the width and height of the content as space,
11740 while the horizontal and vertical variant only outputs the corresponding
11744 \begin_layout Subsection
11746 \begin_inset CommandInset label
11748 name "subsec:Vertical-Space"
11753 \begin_inset Index idx
11756 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11765 \begin_layout Standard
11766 To add extra vertical space above or below a paragraph, use the
11768 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
11769 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
11771 \begin_inset space ~
11777 There you find the following sizes:
11780 \begin_layout Standard
11793 are \SpecialChar LaTeX
11794 sizes which depend on the font size of the document.
11799 is the skip adjusted in the dialog
11801 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
11802 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
11804 \begin_inset space ~
11810 \begin_inset Index idx
11813 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11814 Document ! Settings
11819 for the paragraph separation.
11820 If you use indentation to separate paragraphs
11831 \begin_layout Standard
11837 \begin_inset Index idx
11840 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11846 is a variable space, set so that the space is maximal within one page.
11847 An example: you have only two short paragraphs on one page with a
11852 Then the first paragraph is placed at the top of the page and the second
11853 one at the bottom, because the space between them is then maximal.
11862 s: they fill the remaining vertical space on a page with blank space.
11866 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11871 s are described in section
11872 \begin_inset space ~
11876 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
11878 reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
11887 If there are several
11891 s on a page, they divide the remaining vertical space equally between themselves.
11892 You can therefore use
11896 s to center text on a page, or even place text 2/3 down a page.
11899 \begin_layout Standard
11904 are custom spaces in units explained in Appendix
11905 \begin_inset space ~
11909 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
11911 reference "chap:Units-available-in"
11918 \begin_layout Standard
11919 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
11922 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11929 If the extra vertical space would be in the output at the top/bottom of
11930 a page, the space is only added if you have also checked the option
11942 \begin_layout Subsection
11943 Paragraph Alignment
11944 \begin_inset Index idx
11947 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11948 Paragraph ! Alignment
11956 \begin_layout Standard
11957 You can change the paragraph alignment with the
11959 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
11962 dialog (toolbar button
11965 arg "layout-paragraph"
11969 There are five possibilities:
11972 \begin_layout Itemize
11980 arg "paragraph-params \\align block"
11986 \begin_layout Itemize
11994 arg "paragraph-params \\align left"
12000 \begin_layout Itemize
12008 arg "paragraph-params \\align right"
12014 \begin_layout Itemize
12022 arg "paragraph-params \\align center"
12028 \begin_layout Itemize
12036 arg "paragraph-params \\align default"
12042 \begin_layout Standard
12043 The default in most cases is justified alignment, in which the inter-word
12044 spacing is variable and each line of a paragraph fills the region between
12045 the left and right margins.
12046 The other three alignments should be self-explanatory, and look like this:
12049 \begin_layout Standard
12051 This paragraph is right aligned,
12054 \begin_layout Standard
12056 this one is centered,
12059 \begin_layout Standard
12061 this one is left aligned.
12064 \begin_layout Subsection
12066 \begin_inset Index idx
12069 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12070 Page breaks ! Forced
12076 \begin_inset CommandInset label
12078 name "subsec:Forced-Page-Breaks"
12085 \begin_layout Standard
12086 If you don't like the way \SpecialChar LaTeX
12087 does the page breaks in your document, you can
12088 force a page break where you want one.
12089 Normally this will not be necessary, because \SpecialChar LaTeX
12090 is good at page breaking.
12091 Only if you use a lot of
12095 , \SpecialChar LaTeX
12096 's page breaking algorithm can fail.
12099 \begin_layout Standard
12100 We recommend you not to use forced page breaks until the text is finished
12101 and you have checked in the preview to see if you
12105 have to change the page breaking.
12108 \begin_layout Standard
12109 There are two types of page breaks: One that ends the page without any special
12111 This can be inserted above or below a paragraph via the menu
12113 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
12114 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
12116 \begin_inset space ~
12122 The second type, that is inserted via the menu
12124 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
12125 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
12127 \begin_inset space ~
12132 , ends a page but stretches the content of the page, so that it fills out
12134 This type is useful to avoid whitespace when a page break produces a page
12135 on which only the last few lines are absent.
12138 \begin_layout Standard
12139 You might try to use a page break to ensure that a figure or table appears
12140 at the top of a page.
12141 This is, of course, the wrong way to do it.
12143 gives you a way of automatically ensuring that your figures and tables
12144 appear at the top of a page (or the bottom, or on their own page) without
12145 having to worry about what precedes or follows your figure or table.
12147 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
12149 reference "chap:Floats-and-Notes"
12153 to learn more about
12160 \begin_layout Subsubsection
12162 \begin_inset CommandInset label
12164 name "subsec:Clear-Page-Breaks"
12169 \begin_inset Index idx
12172 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12173 Page breaks ! Clear
12181 \begin_layout Standard
12182 Rather than forced page breaks where the content behind the break is placed
12183 directly on the next page, you can also clear pages while breaking them.
12184 That means that the current paragraph is terminated and everything, including
12185 unprocessed floats, from the earlier part of the document are placed after
12186 it, if necessary by adding pages.
12189 \begin_layout Standard
12190 You can insert a clear page break with the menu
12192 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
12193 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
12195 \begin_inset space ~
12201 When you have a two-sided document like a book, you can use the menu
12203 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
12204 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
12206 \begin_inset space ~
12210 \begin_inset space ~
12215 to insert a clear page break that assures that the next page is a right-hand
12216 page (odd-numbered), if necessary by adding a page.
12219 \begin_layout Subsection
12221 \begin_inset Index idx
12224 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12231 \begin_inset CommandInset label
12233 name "subsec:Forced-Line-Breaks"
12240 \begin_layout Standard
12241 Similar to page breaks there are two types of line breaks: one simply breaks
12243 You can force this line break within a paragraph by selecting
12245 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
12246 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
12248 \begin_inset space ~
12252 \begin_inset space ~
12260 arg "newline-insert newline"
12264 Another type that is inserted via the menu
12266 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
12267 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
12269 \begin_inset space ~
12273 \begin_inset space ~
12281 arg "newline-insert linebreak"
12284 breaks the line and stretches it so that it fills out the whole space between
12286 This is useful to avoid
12287 \begin_inset Quotes eld
12291 \begin_inset Quotes erd
12294 in justified paragraphs due to possible whitespace introduced by line breaks.
12297 \begin_layout Standard
12298 You shouldn't use forced line breaks to correct \SpecialChar LaTeX
12299 's line breaking, as \SpecialChar LaTeX
12301 very good at line breaking.
12302 There are, however, a number of situations where it is necessary to set
12303 a line break actively, for example, in a poem or for an address (see sections
12304 \begin_inset space ~
12308 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
12310 reference "sec:Quote"
12315 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
12317 reference "sec:Verse"
12322 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
12324 reference "sec:Address-Usage"
12331 \begin_layout Subsection
12333 \begin_inset CommandInset label
12335 name "subsec:Horizontal-Lines"
12340 \begin_inset Index idx
12343 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12352 \begin_layout Standard
12354 \begin_inset CommandInset line
12365 \begin_layout Standard
12369 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
12370 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
12372 \begin_inset space ~
12377 you can insert horizontal lines.
12378 The line offset is the vertical distance between the line and the baseline
12379 of the current text line or the paragraph.
12380 The line settings can be changed by left-clicking on the line.
12383 \begin_layout Standard
12385 \begin_inset CommandInset line
12396 \begin_layout Section
12397 Characters and Symbols
12400 \begin_layout Standard
12401 You can directly enter all characters that are available on your keyboard.
12402 You can also use special keyboard maps to be able to enter, for example,
12403 characters needed for French with an English keyboard.
12405 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
12409 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
12411 reference "subsec:Keyboard-mapping"
12415 for information on how this is done.
12418 \begin_layout Standard
12419 For the case where you need a character that is not on your keyboard, you
12424 dialog via the menu
12426 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
12427 Special Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
12433 \begin_layout Standard
12434 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
12437 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12442 Maybe not all symbols inserted with the symbols dialog can be displayed
12443 when you are using a special screen font in \SpecialChar LyX
12445 But the inserted symbols will in every case be displayed in the output.
12453 \begin_layout Section
12454 Fonts and Text Styles
12455 \begin_inset CommandInset label
12457 name "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
12464 \begin_layout Subsection
12466 \begin_inset Index idx
12469 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12478 \begin_layout Standard
12479 There are two types of fonts:
12482 \begin_layout Description
12484 \begin_inset space ~
12488 \begin_inset Index idx
12491 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12497 are built from outlines of the single glyphs (e.
12498 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
12502 characters) in the font.
12503 This means that each glyph is defined using mathematical curves that are
12504 well suited for scaling to any requested size.
12505 This mathematical definition is interpreted by the font renderer and the
12506 curve is filled out with pixels according to the size and glyph.
12507 This means that vector fonts will look pretty good in all sizes.
12508 Only at very small sizes where each pixel has to be very carefully computed
12509 to provide a good image might it be hard to provide a good rendering.
12510 \begin_inset Newline newline
12513 That could mean that one only needs to define one font size and scale them.
12514 But to achieve a better quality, many fonts define several font sizes.
12515 That improves the appearance because you need more details at large font
12516 sizes than at small ones.
12517 \begin_inset Newline newline
12531 \begin_inset space ~
12539 \begin_layout Description
12541 \begin_inset space ~
12545 \begin_inset Index idx
12548 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12554 on the other hand, are defined by bitmap graphics from the start; so they
12555 will look good at all the sizes they are meant for.
12556 However, they don't scale well, because in order to scale a glyph, each
12557 pixel is enlarged into several pixels.
12558 It is the same effect that happens if you try to enlarge a picture in an
12559 image manipulation program.
12560 In order to mitigate this effect, bitmap fonts are typically provided in
12561 several fixed sizes typically from around 8
12562 \begin_inset space ~
12565 pixels high up to 34
12566 \begin_inset space ~
12569 pixels or so high in steps according to what is believed to be useful.
12570 The advantage of bitmap fonts is that no complicated computations are necessary
12571 to display each glyph; so bitmap fonts display therefore more quickly than
12573 The disadvantage is that sizes that don't exist as fixed versions have
12574 to be scaled by doubling pixels, and thus look bad.
12575 \begin_inset Newline newline
12578 Bitmap fonts are named
12581 \begin_inset space ~
12586 in PostScript- and PDF-documents.
12589 \begin_layout Standard
12590 The result of all this is that bitmap fonts are best for the size they are
12591 designed for, while scalable fonts are good for nearly all sizes.
12592 So one needs fewer font size definitions for scalable fonts.
12593 That's the reason why nearly all text rendering and typesetting programs
12594 use scalable fonts.
12597 \begin_layout Standard
12598 To see which fonts are used in a PDF-document, look at its document properties.
12601 \begin_layout Standard
12602 Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
12603 specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
12604 For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
12605 font to emphasize text, you use an
12606 \begin_inset Quotes eld
12610 \begin_inset Quotes erd
12614 This concept fits in perfectly with \SpecialChar LyX
12616 In \SpecialChar LyX
12617 , you do things based on contexts, rather than focusing on typesetting
12621 \begin_layout Subsection
12624 \begin_inset CommandInset label
12626 name "subsec:LaTeX-font-support"
12633 \begin_layout Standard
12634 Traditionally, \SpecialChar LaTeX
12635 used its own fonts.
12636 That is to say, you cannot directly access the fonts installed on your
12637 operating system, but you have to use specific fonts provided by your \SpecialChar LaTeX
12640 The reason is that \SpecialChar LaTeX
12641 needs some extra information about the fonts, which
12642 have to be provided by additional files and packages.
12643 The downside of this is that your font choice is somewhat limited compared
12644 to a word processor.
12645 On the other hand this comes with the advantage that the provided fonts
12646 are generally of very good quality, and that \SpecialChar LaTeX
12647 files are very portable across
12648 different machines.
12649 Also, the range of fonts supported by traditional \SpecialChar LaTeX
12650 has increased a lot
12651 in the meantime; so you can find packages for many free and commercial
12654 supports the fonts that are under a free license via the user interface
12656 \begin_inset space ~
12660 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
12662 reference "subsec:Document-Font"
12667 Other fonts are available if you enter the relevant \SpecialChar LaTeX
12668 code in the document
12669 preamble (please refer to the documentation of your desired font).
12672 \begin_layout Standard
12673 Recent developments brought some new \SpecialChar LaTeX
12674 engines that are also able directly
12675 to access fonts that are installed for your operating system, namely Xe\SpecialChar TeX
12677 and Lua\SpecialChar TeX
12679 Both engines are supported by \SpecialChar LyX
12681 By using them, you can theoretically use any OpenType or TrueType font
12682 that is installed on your system.
12683 The next section describes how to use these fonts.
12686 \begin_layout Standard
12687 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
12690 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12695 In practice, some fonts might fail due to bad metrics and other font deficienci
12696 es; so you might have to experiment.
12704 \begin_layout Subsection
12705 Document Font and Font size
12706 \begin_inset CommandInset label
12708 name "subsec:Document-Font"
12713 \begin_inset Index idx
12716 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12723 \begin_inset Index idx
12726 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12735 \begin_layout Standard
12736 You can set the document fonts in the
12738 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
12742 \begin_inset Index idx
12745 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12746 Document ! Settings
12756 section of the dialog, you can specify which font should be used for the
12757 three different font shapes — roman (serif),
12760 \begin_inset space ~
12769 (monospaced) — and you can specify the base font size and scaling factors
12771 \begin_inset space ~
12774 serif and typewriter fonts if this is necessary to fit with the roman font.
12777 \begin_layout Standard
12782 , you will have access to the fonts installed on your operating system.
12783 This requires that you use
12795 as the output format, i.
12796 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
12800 \begin_inset space \space{}
12803 you will have to have either Xe\SpecialChar TeX
12804 or Lua\SpecialChar TeX
12805 installed (see section
12806 \begin_inset space ~
12810 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
12812 reference "subsec:LaTeX-font-support"
12817 You will then not have access to \SpecialChar TeX
12819 Note that \SpecialChar LyX
12820 then lists all available fonts in each of the three lists (roman,
12822 \begin_inset space ~
12825 serif, and typewriter), since \SpecialChar LyX
12826 cannot determine the family.
12827 Also note that the output might fail with some of the listed fonts, due
12828 to the encoding of the fonts and\SpecialChar breakableslash
12831 cannot determine this in advance, so you might need to experiment.
12834 \begin_layout Standard
12835 If you use \SpecialChar TeX
12836 fonts (which is the default), the possible options for the font
12841 and a list of fonts available with your \SpecialChar LaTeX
12847 the font that is preset by the current document class is used.
12848 In most cases, this will be the standard \SpecialChar TeX
12850 \begin_inset Quotes eld
12856 \begin_inset space ~
12862 \begin_inset Quotes erd
12870 \begin_inset Quotes eld
12875 European Computer Modern
12878 \begin_inset Quotes erd
12885 ), but some classes preset different default fonts.
12888 \begin_layout Standard
12897 are bitmap fonts, they often look pixelated in PDF output, especially when
12898 you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
12902 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12903 This problem does not appear if you read PDFs in
12906 \begin_inset space ~
12911 version 6 or later, because this program includes a special bitmap font
12917 To get rid of pixelated fonts, you have to use a vector font.
12918 Depending on how your document should look, you can either:
12921 \begin_layout Itemize
12925 \begin_inset space ~
12930 fonts, which is the recommended choice if you want to keep the look of
12943 \begin_inset space ~
12948 was developed for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
12949 community in order to replace
12953 as the default font.
12954 It covers a huge range of glyphs and several font shapes.
12955 Except for some details, where the appearance was improved,
12958 \begin_inset space ~
12971 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12972 One difference is improved kerning.
12980 \begin_layout Itemize
12984 \begin_inset space ~
12988 \begin_inset space ~
12993 fonts in (the rare) case that
12996 \begin_inset space ~
13001 is not available to you or does not work, and you still want to emulate
13016 Virtual means that it
13017 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13021 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13028 -glyphs from other fonts.
13029 This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
13031 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13035 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13039 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13043 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13050 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13051 Loading the \SpecialChar LaTeX
13057 \begin_inset Index idx
13060 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13067 with the document preamble line
13068 \begin_inset Newline newline
13075 usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
13076 \begin_inset Newline newline
13081 will fix the guillemet problem.
13086 and that accented characters are not
13090 glyph, but built of
13094 characters, the accent and the letter.
13095 Therefore you cannot search for words with accented characters in documents
13101 If you search for example for the French word
13102 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13106 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13109 in a PDF, you will not get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches
13111 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13115 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13118 and not for the glyph
13119 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13123 \begin_inset space ~
13127 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13133 \begin_layout Itemize
13134 If you do not like the look of
13142 , you can of course select one of the other vector fonts provided, e.
13143 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13147 \begin_inset space ~
13153 \begin_inset space ~
13163 Most roman vector fonts will automatically select matching sans
13164 \begin_inset space ~
13167 serif and typewriter fonts,
13171 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13172 These are sometimes just matching other fonts (e.
13173 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13179 \begin_inset space ~
13188 for sans serif text), or different shapes of the same font, i.
13189 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13193 \begin_inset space \space{}
13201 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13205 \begin_inset space \space{}
13211 \begin_inset space ~
13219 \begin_inset space ~
13229 but you can also select your own.
13230 \begin_inset Newline newline
13233 The differences between roman,
13236 \begin_inset space ~
13245 fonts are explained in section
13246 \begin_inset space ~
13250 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
13252 reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
13257 \begin_inset Newline newline
13263 \begin_inset space ~
13268 was originally designed for newspapers.
13269 Its glyphs are thus smaller than glyphs from other fonts in order to fit
13270 into the small newspaper columns.
13274 \begin_inset space ~
13279 is not the optimal choice for larger documents like books.
13282 \begin_layout Standard
13283 For the font size there are generally four possible values:
13296 Some classes provide additional sizes.
13301 depends on the class you are using.
13302 In the standard classes it is equal to the font size 10.
13305 \begin_layout Standard
13306 Note that the font size is the
13311 That means that \SpecialChar LyX
13312 scales all other possible font sizes (such as those used
13313 in footnotes, super-, and subscripts) by this value.
13314 You can fine-tune the font size of text parts via the
13317 \begin_inset space ~
13323 The possible font sizes for text parts are explained in section
13324 \begin_inset space ~
13328 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
13330 reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
13337 \begin_layout Standard
13341 \begin_inset space ~
13346 selection lets you specify whether the base font of your document should
13348 \begin_inset space ~
13351 serif or typewriter.
13356 selection uses what is preset by the class, the other selections override
13366 , but some classes (such as presentation classes) use other defaults.
13369 \begin_layout Standard
13374 LaTeX font encoding
13376 selection is an expert setting which lets you change the value passed to
13377 the \SpecialChar LaTeX
13383 \begin_inset Index idx
13386 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13394 \begin_inset space ~
13398 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
13400 reference "subsec:LaTeX-settings"
13405 Normally, you do not need to change (or even understand) this.
13406 Unless you have specific reasons, use
13413 \begin_layout Standard
13414 With some fonts, the checkboxes
13416 Use Old Style Figures
13420 Use True Small Caps
13423 These are extra features some fonts provide.
13426 Use Old Style Figures
13428 is checked, old style figures (also known as medieval or text figures)
13430 Old style figures are the numerals (0
13431 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13435 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13438 9) with ascenders and descenders, which makes them fit nicely with lowercase
13442 Use True Small Caps
13444 determines that real small caps are used instead of faked small caps made
13445 of scaled capitals.
13446 Real small caps are often part of expert font sets; they generally look
13447 better than faked small caps but might have to be purchased separately.
13450 \begin_layout Standard
13455 allows users of the languages Chinese, Japanese, Korean (CJK) to specify
13456 a font to display the script characters.
13460 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13461 The font will be the argument for the commands of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
13467 \begin_inset Index idx
13470 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13477 So this has no effect for the document language
13491 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
13495 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
13498 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13503 When you choose a new font or font size, \SpecialChar LyX
13508 change the screen font! You will only see a difference in the printed output;
13509 this is part of the WYSIWYM concept.
13511 's screen fonts can be adjusted in the
13513 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
13516 dialog, see section
13517 \begin_inset space ~
13521 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
13523 reference "subsec:Screen-Fonts"
13535 \begin_layout Subsection
13539 \begin_layout Standard
13540 In \SpecialChar LaTeX
13541 the font used for characters in equations is different from the document
13543 For the case that you use \SpecialChar TeX
13544 fonts for your document, you can explicitly
13545 choose a math font in the dialog
13547 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
13551 \begin_inset Index idx
13554 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13555 Document ! Settings
13561 The default setting is that \SpecialChar LyX
13562 automatically selects a math font.
13563 For most cases this will be \SpecialChar LaTeX
13564 's default – the math variant of \SpecialChar LaTeX
13567 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13573 \begin_inset space ~
13579 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13584 will automatically only load another math font if a math variant of the
13585 document font is available.
13588 \begin_layout Standard
13589 Note that the math font will not be used for
13593 (which is inserted with the shortcut
13599 or by the insertion of the command
13606 Also note that some math fonts are sans
13607 \begin_inset space ~
13611 Your document might therefore look strange when the document text has serifs
13612 while the math characters do not.
13614 \begin_inset space ~
13617 serif math fonts make therefore in most cases only sense if you select
13620 \begin_inset space ~
13628 \begin_inset space ~
13633 in the document font settings.
13636 \begin_layout Standard
13637 If you use non-\SpecialChar TeX
13638 fonts for the document, you can only choose for math to
13639 use either the document's class default \SpecialChar TeX
13640 font (in most cases
13641 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13647 \begin_inset space ~
13653 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13656 ) or to use the non-\SpecialChar TeX
13657 variant of the document's class default font (in most
13659 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13665 \begin_inset space ~
13671 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13677 \begin_layout Subsection
13678 Using Different Character Styles
13679 \begin_inset Index idx
13682 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13689 \begin_inset Index idx
13692 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13701 \begin_layout Standard
13702 As we've already seen, \SpecialChar LyX
13703 automatically changes the character style for certain
13704 paragraph environments.
13706 supports two character styles,
13715 You can activate both of these styles via key bindings, the menus, and
13719 \begin_layout Standard
13724 style, do one of the following:
13727 \begin_layout Itemize
13728 click on the toolbar button
13737 \begin_layout Itemize
13738 use the key binding
13747 \begin_layout Standard
13748 These commands are all toggles.
13753 style is already active, they deactivate it.
13756 \begin_layout Standard
13757 One typically uses the
13761 style for proper names.
13763 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13770 is the original author of \SpecialChar LyX
13772 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13778 \begin_layout Standard
13779 A more widely used character style is the
13784 You can activate (or deactivate — it's also a toggle) the
13791 \begin_layout Itemize
13792 clicking on the toolbar button
13801 \begin_layout Itemize
13802 using the keybindings
13811 \begin_layout Standard
13816 style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or \SpecialChar LaTeX
13818 use a different font.
13821 \begin_layout Standard
13822 We've been using the
13826 style all over the place in this document.
13827 Here's one more example:
13830 \begin_layout Quotation
13833 Do not overuse character styles!
13836 \begin_layout Standard
13837 It's also a warning in addition to an example.
13838 One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
13839 Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
13840 the common tendency to overuse character styles.
13844 \begin_layout Standard
13845 You can always reset to the default font using the key binding
13853 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
13855 \begin_inset space ~
13858 Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
13864 arg "dialog-show character"
13870 \begin_layout Subsection
13871 Fine-Tuning with the
13876 \begin_inset CommandInset label
13878 name "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
13883 \begin_inset Index idx
13886 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13895 \begin_layout Standard
13896 There are always occasions when you will need to do some fine-tuning; so
13898 gives you a way to create a custom character style.
13899 For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
13900 requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
13901 Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
13902 from ordinary dialog.
13905 \begin_layout Standard
13906 Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
13907 warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles!
13908 \begin_inset Newline newline
13911 Documents that overuse different fonts and sizes are not easy to read and
13912 tend to look as if someone has knocked huge holes in them.
13915 \begin_layout Standard
13916 To use custom character styles, open the
13918 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
13920 \begin_inset space ~
13923 Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
13926 dialog or press the toolbar button
13929 arg "dialog-show character"
13933 There are several boxes in this dialog, each corresponding to a different
13934 font property that you can choose.
13935 You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select
13938 \begin_inset space ~
13943 , which keeps the current state of that property.
13948 will reset the property to whatever is the default.
13949 You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
13950 environments all at once.
13953 \begin_layout Standard
13954 The font properties, and their options (in addition to
13957 \begin_inset space ~
13969 \begin_layout Labeling
13970 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
13976 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13980 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13984 The possible options are:
13988 \begin_layout Labeling
13989 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
13994 This is the Roman font family.
13995 Normally a serif font.
13996 It's also the default family.
14006 \begin_layout Labeling
14007 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14011 \begin_inset space ~
14018 This is the Sans Serif font family.
14030 \begin_layout Labeling
14031 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14038 This is the Typewriter font family.
14044 arg "font-typewriter"
14053 \begin_layout Labeling
14054 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14059 This corresponds to the print weight.
14064 \begin_layout Labeling
14065 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14070 This is the Medium font series.
14071 It's also the default series.
14074 \begin_layout Labeling
14075 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14082 This is the Bold font series.
14095 \begin_layout Labeling
14096 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14101 As the name implies.
14106 \begin_layout Labeling
14107 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14112 This is the Upright font shape.
14113 It's also the default shape.
14116 \begin_layout Labeling
14117 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14131 s the Italic font shape
14137 \begin_layout Labeling
14138 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14145 This is the Slanted font shape
14147 (although it might not be visible in \SpecialChar LyX
14148 , this is different from italic).
14151 \begin_layout Labeling
14152 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14156 \begin_inset space ~
14163 This is the Small caps font shape
14170 \begin_layout Labeling
14171 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14176 Alters the text color.
14177 Note that not all DVI-viewers are able to display colors.
14181 \begin_inset space ~
14186 , which means that the document default color set in
14188 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
14189 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
14195 \begin_inset space ~
14200 is used, you can choose between
14277 \begin_inset Index idx
14280 \begin_layout Plain Layout
14289 \begin_layout Labeling
14290 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14295 This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
14296 the language of the document.
14297 Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change
14298 (only within \SpecialChar LyX
14300 \begin_inset Newline newline
14303 If you have for example, an extract of German text in a non-German document,
14305 respects the German hyphenation rules automatically.
14306 When using the spell checking (see section
14307 \begin_inset space ~
14311 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
14313 reference "sec:Spellchecking"
14317 ) the German-marked text will be checked according to the German dictionary.
14320 \begin_layout Labeling
14321 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14326 Alters the size of the font.
14327 You will find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually
14328 proportional to the document font size.
14329 Once again, you don't feed \SpecialChar LyX
14330 the details, but a general description of what
14336 \begin_layout Labeling
14337 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14345 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14349 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14358 arg "font-size tiny"
14364 \begin_layout Labeling
14365 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14373 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14377 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14386 arg "font-size scriptsize"
14392 \begin_layout Labeling
14393 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14401 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14405 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14414 arg "font-size footnotesize"
14420 \begin_layout Labeling
14421 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14429 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14433 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14442 arg "font-size small"
14448 \begin_layout Labeling
14449 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14455 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14459 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14463 It's also the default size.
14467 arg "font-size normal"
14473 \begin_layout Labeling
14474 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14482 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14486 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14495 arg "font-size large"
14501 \begin_layout Labeling
14502 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14510 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14514 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14523 arg "font-size larger"
14529 \begin_layout Labeling
14530 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14538 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14542 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14551 arg "font-size largest"
14557 \begin_layout Labeling
14558 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14566 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14570 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14579 arg "font-size huge"
14585 \begin_layout Labeling
14586 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14594 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14598 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14607 arg "font-size giant"
14613 \begin_layout Labeling
14614 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14619 This increases the size by one step (for instance, from
14620 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14624 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14628 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14632 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14639 arg "font-size increase"
14645 \begin_layout Labeling
14646 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14651 This decreases the size by one step (for instance, from
14652 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14656 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14660 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14664 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14671 arg "font-size decrease"
14678 \begin_layout Standard
14683 : don't go crazy with this feature.
14684 You should almost never need to change the font size.
14686 automatically changes the font size for different paragraph environments
14687 — use those instead.
14688 This is here for fine-tuning only!
14691 \begin_layout Labeling
14692 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14697 Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
14702 \begin_layout Labeling
14703 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14710 This is text with emphasize on
14713 This might seem like the same as
14717 , but it is actually a bit different.
14723 That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized
14725 Normally this font is equal to italic.
14728 \begin_layout Labeling
14729 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14736 This is text with Underbar on.
14742 arg "font-underline"
14748 \begin_inset Newline newline
14753 Avoid using underbar if you can! It is a hangover from the typewriter days,
14754 when you could not change fonts.
14755 One no longer needs to emphasize text by underscoring characters.
14756 This is only possible in \SpecialChar LyX
14757 because some people
14761 need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
14764 \begin_layout Labeling
14765 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14769 \begin_inset space ~
14776 This is text with Double underbar on.
14782 arg "font-underunderline"
14786 \begin_inset Newline newline
14789 As we just warned you against using underbar, you can imagine what we think
14790 about double underbar.
14793 \begin_layout Labeling
14794 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14798 \begin_inset space ~
14805 This is text with Wavy underbar on.
14811 arg "font-underwave"
14815 \begin_inset Newline newline
14818 Use this only if a journal absolutely insists on it.
14819 Keep antinausea pills handy.
14822 \begin_layout Labeling
14823 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14830 This is text with Strikeout on.
14836 arg "font-strikeout"
14840 \begin_inset Newline newline
14843 This is frequently used to indicate an older version of text that has been
14844 changed in the meantime.
14847 \begin_layout Labeling
14848 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
14855 This is text with Noun on.
14862 , this is a logical attribute.
14863 Normally it's equivalent to
14866 \begin_inset space ~
14875 \begin_layout Standard
14876 So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
14877 Once you have chosen a new character style via the
14879 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
14881 \begin_inset space ~
14884 Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
14890 arg "dialog-show character"
14893 ) dialog, the settings are saved.
14894 You can activate them by using the toolbar button
14897 arg "textstyle-apply"
14901 The button lets you apply your custom character style even when the dialog
14905 \begin_layout Standard
14906 To completely reset the character style to the default, use
14913 If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
14914 (suppose you just set the shape to
14915 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14919 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14923 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14927 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14933 \begin_inset space ~
14945 \begin_layout Standard
14946 You should also know something about the differences between the three main
14954 \begin_inset space ~
14966 \begin_layout Itemize
14972 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14976 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14979 font, which means every character has the same width; the
14980 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14984 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14988 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14992 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14997 \begin_inset Newline newline
15001 \begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
15004 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15015 \begin_inset Note Note
15018 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15019 For more on phantoms see section
15020 \begin_inset space ~
15024 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
15026 reference "subsec:Phantom-Space"
15036 \begin_inset Newline newline
15042 \begin_layout Itemize
15047 fonts use characters with serifs.
15048 These are the small
15049 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15053 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15056 at the ends of the strokes that form the character.
15057 The following example shows the difference:
15058 \begin_inset Newline newline
15062 \begin_inset Newline newline
15067 text without serifs
15070 \begin_inset Newline newline
15073 Serifs facilitate quick and easy reading.
15074 These fonts are therefore used as default (named
15081 \begin_layout Itemize
15086 is not recommended for use as a base type.
15087 This font type is therefore often only used for headings and short texts.
15088 We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
15091 \begin_layout Standard
15092 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15096 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15099 refers to applying or removing font properties.
15100 When a property is marked for toggling in the
15103 \begin_inset space ~
15108 dialog, applying the style to text that already has the property will cause
15109 the property to be removed.
15110 If you, for example, apply a style with properties A, B and C to text that
15111 currently has font properties B, C, F and G, and if B is set to toggle
15112 and C is set not to toggle, the text ends up with properties A, C, F and
15115 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15119 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15123 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15127 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15130 mean that you do not control the toggling behavior.
15131 For the properties on the left side of the dialog (
15132 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15136 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15139 etc.), toggling behavior is up to you.
15143 \begin_inset space ~
15148 is checked, all of the left side properties are toggled; by default, none
15151 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15155 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15159 If you, for example, set
15160 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15164 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15168 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15172 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15178 \begin_inset space ~
15183 , then apply the style to bold face text, the text will revert to the default
15185 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15189 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15192 ), no matter how many times you apply the style.
15195 \begin_layout Standard
15196 We conclude with the same warning once again: Do not overuse the fonts!
15197 They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
15200 \begin_layout Section
15201 Printing and Previewing
15204 \begin_layout Subsection
15208 \begin_layout Standard
15209 Now that we have covered some of the basic features of document preparation
15210 using \SpecialChar LyX
15211 , you probably want to know how to print out your masterpiece.
15212 Before we tell you that, we want to give you a quick explanation of what
15213 goes on behind-the-scenes.
15214 We cover this information in much greater detail in the
15216 Additional Features
15221 \begin_layout Standard
15223 uses the program \SpecialChar LaTeX
15226 is just a macro package for the \SpecialChar TeX
15227 typesetting system, but to prevent confusion,
15228 we will only refer to \SpecialChar LaTeX
15231 is what you use to do your actual writing.
15232 Then, \SpecialChar LyX
15233 calls \SpecialChar LaTeX
15234 to turn your writing into printable output.
15235 This happens in two stages:
15238 \begin_layout Enumerate
15239 First, \SpecialChar LyX
15240 converts your document to a series of text commands for \SpecialChar LaTeX
15242 a file with the extension,
15243 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15251 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15257 \begin_layout Enumerate
15258 Next, \SpecialChar LyX
15259 calls \SpecialChar LaTeX
15260 to use the commands in the
15264 file to produce printable output.
15267 \begin_layout Subsection
15268 Output file formats
15269 \begin_inset Index idx
15272 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15279 \begin_inset CommandInset label
15281 name "subsec:Output-file-formats"
15288 \begin_layout Subsubsection
15289 Simple text (ASCII)
15290 \begin_inset Index idx
15293 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15294 File formats ! ASCII
15302 \begin_layout Standard
15303 This file type has the extension
15304 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15312 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15316 It contains your document as plain text following the rules of the
15317 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15320 American Standard Code for Information Interchange
15321 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15327 \begin_layout Standard
15328 You can export your document to ASCII with the menu
15330 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
15331 Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
15333 \begin_inset space ~
15339 However, this will not export any externally generated material such as
15340 a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
15341 bibliography (section
15342 \begin_inset space ~
15346 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
15348 reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
15353 If your document includes such material, use
15355 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
15356 Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
15358 \begin_inset space ~
15362 \begin_inset space ~
15366 \begin_inset space ~
15374 \begin_inset space ~
15378 \begin_inset space ~
15384 This will first internally export your document to PostScript (generating
15385 thereby the external material) and then do the conversion to ASCII.
15388 \begin_layout Subsubsection
15391 \begin_inset Index idx
15394 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15395 File formats ! \SpecialChar LaTeX
15404 \begin_layout Standard
15405 This file type has the extension
15406 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15414 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15417 and contains all commands that are necessary for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
15420 If you know \SpecialChar LaTeX
15421 , you can use it to find out \SpecialChar LaTeX
15422 -Errors or to process it manually
15423 with console commands.
15424 The \SpecialChar LaTeX
15425 -file is automatically created in \SpecialChar LyX
15426 's temporary directory whenever you
15427 view or export your document.
15430 \begin_layout Standard
15431 You can export your document as a \SpecialChar LaTeX
15432 -file using the menu
15434 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
15435 Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
15439 The different \SpecialChar LaTeX
15440 export variants are explained in section
15441 \begin_inset space ~
15445 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
15447 reference "subsec:Export"
15454 \begin_layout Subsubsection
15456 \begin_inset Index idx
15459 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15468 \begin_layout Standard
15469 This file type has the extension
15470 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15478 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15483 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15487 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15490 (DVI), because it is completely portable; you can move them from one machine
15491 to another without needing to do any sort of conversion.
15492 DVIs are used for quick previews and as a pre-stage for other output formats,
15496 \begin_layout Standard
15497 DVI files do not contain images, they only link to them.
15498 So don't forget to deliver the images together with your DVIs.
15499 Because the DVI-viewer has to convert the images in the background to make
15500 them visible when you scroll the DVI, this can slow down your computer
15501 when you view the DVI.
15502 So we recommend using PDF for files with many images.
15505 \begin_layout Standard
15506 You can export your document to DVI by the menus
15508 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
15509 Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
15514 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
15515 Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
15517 \begin_inset space ~
15523 The latter option uses the program
15525 Lua\SpecialChar TeX
15531 Lua\SpecialChar TeX
15534 is an engine that provides direct Unicode support and support for direct
15535 font access (see section
15536 \begin_inset space ~
15540 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
15542 reference "subsec:LaTeX-font-support"
15547 Lua\SpecialChar TeX
15548 is still a work in progress, but it might develop into the next standard
15553 \begin_layout Subsubsection
15555 \begin_inset Index idx
15558 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15559 File formats ! PostScript
15567 \begin_layout Standard
15568 This file type has the extension
15569 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15577 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15581 PostScript was developed by the company
15585 as a printer language.
15586 The file therefore contains commands that the printer uses to print the
15588 PostScript can be seen as a
15589 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15592 programming language
15593 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15596 ; you can calculate with it and draw diagrams and images.
15600 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15601 If you are interested in learning more about this, have a look at the \SpecialChar LaTeX
15608 \begin_inset Index idx
15611 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15613 packages ! pstricks
15623 As a result of this, the files are often bigger than PDFs.
15626 \begin_layout Standard
15627 PostScript can only contain images in the format
15628 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15631 Encapsulated PostScript
15632 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15635 (EPS, file extension
15636 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15644 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15648 As \SpecialChar LyX
15649 allows you to use any known image format in your document, it has to
15650 convert them in the background to EPS.
15651 If, for example, you have 50
15652 \begin_inset space ~
15655 images in your document, \SpecialChar LyX
15657 \begin_inset space ~
15660 conversions when you view or export your document the first time.
15661 This might slow down your workflow with \SpecialChar LyX
15663 So if you plan to use PostScript, you can insert your images directly as
15664 EPS to avoid this problem.
15667 \begin_layout Standard
15668 You can export to PostScript using the menu
15670 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
15671 Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
15677 \begin_layout Subsubsection
15679 \begin_inset Index idx
15682 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15689 \begin_inset Index idx
15692 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15701 \begin_layout Standard
15702 This file type has the extension
15703 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15711 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15716 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15719 Portable Document Format
15720 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15727 was derived from PostScript.
15728 It is more compressed and it uses fewer commands than PostScript.
15730 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15734 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15737 implies, it can be processed on any computer system and the printed output
15738 looks exactly the same.
15741 \begin_layout Standard
15742 PDF can contain images in its own PDF format and in the formats
15743 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15746 Joint Photographic Experts Group
15747 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15750 (JPG, file extension
15751 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15759 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15763 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15771 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15775 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15778 Portable Network Graphics
15779 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15782 (PNG, file extension
15783 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15791 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15795 You can also use any other image format, because \SpecialChar LyX
15796 converts them in the
15797 background to one of these formats.
15798 But as described in the section about PostScript, the image conversion
15799 will slow down your workflow.
15800 So we recommend using images in one of the three formats mentioned above.
15803 \begin_layout Standard
15804 You can export your document to PDF via the menu
15806 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
15812 \begin_layout Description
15814 \begin_inset space ~
15817 (pdflatex) This uses the program
15821 which converts your file directly to PDF.
15824 \begin_layout Description
15826 \begin_inset space ~
15833 ) This uses the program
15835 Lua\SpecialChar TeX
15838 which converts your file directly to PDF.
15841 Lua\SpecialChar TeX
15844 is a new engine, derived from
15848 , that also provides direct Unicode support and support for direct font
15849 access (see section
15850 \begin_inset space ~
15854 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
15856 reference "subsec:LaTeX-font-support"
15861 Lua\SpecialChar TeX
15862 is still a work in progress, but it might develop into the next standard
15867 \begin_layout Description
15869 \begin_inset space ~
15876 ) This uses the program
15881 that converts your file directly to PDF.
15887 is a new engine that provides direct Unicode support and support for direct
15888 font access (see section
15889 \begin_inset space ~
15893 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
15895 reference "subsec:LaTeX-font-support"
15900 It is particularly good at typesetting different scripts, for example,
15901 vertically written Japanese.
15904 \begin_layout Description
15906 \begin_inset space ~
15909 (cropped) This is the same as
15912 \begin_inset space ~
15917 but the result is a PDF with cropped page margins.
15918 This is for example useful if you want to use \SpecialChar LyX
15919 to generate good-looking
15920 formulas to use them in other programs like for presentations.
15923 \begin_layout Description
15925 \begin_inset space ~
15928 (dvipdfm) This uses the program
15932 that converts your file in the background to DVI and in a second step to
15936 \begin_layout Description
15938 \begin_inset space ~
15941 (ps2pdf) This uses the program
15945 that creates a PDF from a PostScript-version of your file.
15946 The PostScript-version is produced by the program
15950 which uses a DVI-version as intermediate step.
15951 So this export variant consists of three conversions.
15954 \begin_layout Standard
15958 \begin_inset space ~
15967 supports all the features of actual PDF-versions, is quick, stable, and
15968 works without problems.
15969 If you rely on multiscript support and\SpecialChar breakableslash
15970 or specific OpenType fonts, you might
15974 \begin_inset space ~
15982 \begin_inset space ~
15987 instead, bearing in mind that these two programs are not yet as mature
15995 \begin_layout Subsubsection
15997 \begin_inset Index idx
16000 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16001 FileFormats ! XHTML
16007 \begin_inset Index idx
16010 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16019 \begin_layout Standard
16020 This file type has the extension
16021 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16029 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16033 It is a file suitable for viewing in web browsers.
16034 It does not itself contain images and the like but only links to them.
16035 When \SpecialChar LyX
16036 produces XHTML, it also generates corresponding images in formats
16037 suitable for the purpose.
16038 For the math output you can choose in the menu
16040 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
16041 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
16044 between different formats, which are described in section
16046 Math Output in XHTML
16051 \begin_inset space ~
16059 \begin_layout Standard
16060 XHTML output remains
16061 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16065 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16068 , and not all \SpecialChar LyX
16069 features are supported yet.
16073 and the World Wide Web
16077 Additional Features
16079 manual, for more information.
16082 \begin_layout Standard
16083 You can export your document as an XHTML file using the menu item
16085 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
16086 Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
16092 \begin_layout Subsection
16094 \begin_inset Index idx
16097 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16106 \begin_layout Standard
16107 To get a look at the final version of your document, with all of the page
16108 breaks in place, the footnotes correctly numbered, and so on, use the menu
16117 or use the toolbar button
16124 A viewing program will pop up showing the output in the defined default
16125 output format, which is globally set in the preferences (see section
16126 \begin_inset space ~
16130 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
16132 reference "sec:File-Formats"
16136 ) and can also be altered for single documents in the document settings
16138 \begin_inset space ~
16142 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
16144 reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
16149 Further output formats can be selected via
16151 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
16152 View (Other Formats)
16154 or the toolbar button
16163 \begin_layout Standard
16164 If you have changed your document, you can refresh the output in the same
16165 viewer window using the menu
16167 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
16172 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
16173 Update (Other Formats)
16178 \begin_layout Standard
16179 When you preview a file, the output file is only generated in \SpecialChar LyX
16182 To have a real output, export your document.
16185 \begin_layout Section
16186 A few Words about Typography
16187 \begin_inset Index idx
16190 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16199 \begin_layout Subsection
16200 Hyphens, Dashes and Minus Signs
16201 \begin_inset Index idx
16204 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16211 \begin_inset Index idx
16214 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16223 \begin_layout Standard
16224 In \SpecialChar LyX
16226 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16234 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16237 character comes in four lengths: the
16249 , and the minus sign:
16250 \begin_inset VSpace defskip
16256 \begin_layout Standard
16257 \begin_inset Tabular
16258 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
16259 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
16260 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
16261 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
16262 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
16263 <row interlinespace="3mm">
16264 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
16267 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16273 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
16276 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16282 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
16285 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16292 <row interlinespace="3mm">
16293 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
16296 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16302 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
16305 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16311 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
16314 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16315 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16323 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16332 <row interlinespace="3mm">
16333 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
16336 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16342 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
16345 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16351 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
16354 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16357 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
16359 \begin_inset space ~
16362 Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
16369 <row interlinespace="3mm">
16370 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
16373 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16379 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
16382 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16388 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
16391 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16394 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
16396 \begin_inset space ~
16399 Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
16407 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
16410 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16416 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
16419 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16420 \begin_inset Formula $-$
16428 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
16431 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16432 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16440 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16454 \begin_inset VSpace defskip
16460 \begin_layout Standard
16461 You can alternatively generate the en and em dash by inserting the
16462 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16470 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16473 character multiple times in a row.
16474 They will automatically be converted to the appropriate length dash in
16475 the final output, but not in \SpecialChar LyX
16478 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16482 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
16486 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16490 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16494 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
16498 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
16502 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16508 \begin_layout Standard
16509 The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
16510 math mode and has a length of its own.
16511 Here are some examples:
16514 \begin_layout Enumerate
16515 line- and page-breaks
16516 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
16526 \begin_layout Enumerate
16528 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
16538 \begin_layout Enumerate
16539 Oh — there's a dash.
16540 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
16550 \begin_layout Enumerate
16551 \begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
16555 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
16565 \begin_layout Subsection
16567 \begin_inset Index idx
16570 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16577 \begin_inset CommandInset label
16579 name "subsec:Hyphenation"
16586 \begin_layout Standard
16587 Words are not hyphenated within \SpecialChar LyX
16588 but automatically in the output.
16589 Hyphenation is done by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
16595 \begin_inset Index idx
16598 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16605 following the rules of the document language.
16608 \begin_layout Standard
16610 hyphenates almost perfectly; it only has problems with text in the
16614 font and with unusual constructs, like
16615 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16619 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16623 If \SpecialChar LaTeX
16624 cannot break a word correctly, you can set hyphenation points manually.
16625 This is done with the menu
16627 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
16628 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
16630 \begin_inset space ~
16636 These extra hyphenation points are only recommendations to \SpecialChar LaTeX
16638 If no hyphenation is necessary, \SpecialChar LaTeX
16642 \begin_layout Standard
16643 Sometimes you want to prevent words or constructs from being hyphenated.
16644 Imagine that you are describing keybindings/shortcuts in your document
16646 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16650 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16655 would then see the hyphen
16656 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16660 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16663 as a hyphenation possibility.
16664 Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
16665 To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can put it into a makebox
16666 as described in section
16668 Prevent Hyphenation
16673 \begin_inset space ~
16681 \begin_layout Subsection
16683 \begin_inset Index idx
16686 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16695 \begin_layout Subsubsection
16696 Abbreviations and End of Sentence
16697 \begin_inset CommandInset label
16699 name "subsec:Abbreviations"
16706 \begin_layout Standard
16707 When \SpecialChar LyX
16708 calls \SpecialChar LaTeX
16709 to generate the final version of your document, \SpecialChar LaTeX
16711 distinguishes between words, sentences, and abbreviations.
16714 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16717 appropriate amount of space.
16718 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16721 That means sentences get a little bit more space between the period and
16723 Abbreviations get the same amount of space after the period that a word
16724 gets after another word.
16727 \begin_layout Standard
16728 Unfortunately, the algorithm for figuring out what's an abbreviation does
16729 not work in all cases.
16731 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16739 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16742 is at the end of a lowercase letter, it's the end of a sentence; if it's
16743 at the end of a capitalized letter, it's an abbreviation.
16746 \begin_layout Standard
16747 Here are some examples of
16751 abbreviations and of the end of a sentence:
16754 \begin_layout Itemize
16759 \begin_layout Itemize
16764 \begin_layout Standard
16765 And here is an example of the algorithm going wrong:
16768 \begin_layout Itemize
16770 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
16774 this is too much space!
16777 \begin_layout Itemize
16782 \begin_layout Standard
16783 You will not see anything wrong until you view a final version of your document.
16786 \begin_layout Standard
16787 To fix this problem, use one of the following:
16790 \begin_layout Enumerate
16794 \begin_inset space ~
16799 after lowercase abbreviations (see section
16800 \begin_inset space ~
16804 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
16806 reference "subsec:Inter-word-Space"
16811 \begin_inset Index idx
16814 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16815 Spaces ! inter-word
16823 \begin_layout Enumerate
16827 \begin_inset space ~
16832 between two tokens of an abbreviation (see section
16833 \begin_inset space ~
16837 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
16839 reference "subsec:Thin-Space"
16844 \begin_inset Index idx
16847 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16856 \begin_layout Enumerate
16860 \begin_inset space ~
16864 \begin_inset space ~
16868 \begin_inset space ~
16875 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
16877 \begin_inset space ~
16882 menu to force the use of inter-sentence spacing.
16883 This function is also bound to
16886 arg "specialchar-insert end-of-sentence"
16892 \begin_layout Standard
16893 With the corrections, our earlier examples look like this:
16896 \begin_layout Itemize
16898 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
16902 \begin_inset space \space{}
16905 this is too much space!
16908 \begin_layout Itemize
16909 This is I\SpecialChar endofsentence
16913 \begin_layout Standard
16914 Some languages don't use extra spacing between sentences.
16915 If your language is such a language, you don't need to worry, because \SpecialChar LaTeX
16917 will take care of this.
16920 \begin_layout Standard
16921 For those that do need to bother, there is help to catch those sneaky errors:
16925 \begin_inset space ~
16931 feature described in the section
16933 Checking \SpecialChar TeX
16938 Additional Features
16943 \begin_layout Subsubsection
16945 \begin_inset Index idx
16948 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16949 Typography ! Quotation marks
16955 \begin_inset Index idx
16958 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16959 Quotation marks | see
16963 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16974 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16989 \begin_layout Standard
16991 usually sets quotation marks correctly.
16992 Specifically, it will insert an opening mark at the beginning of quoted
16993 text, and use a closing mark at the end.
16995 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16999 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17003 The keyboard character,
17007 , generates this automatically.
17010 \begin_layout Standard
17011 You can specify what character the
17015 key produces by using the submenu
17021 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
17025 \begin_inset Index idx
17028 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17029 Document ! Settings
17034 dialog and switching the
17038 (note that \SpecialChar LyX
17039 makes a sensible proposal for the selected main language).
17041 \begin_inset space ~
17047 \begin_layout Labeling
17048 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17052 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17056 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17060 \begin_inset space ~
17064 \begin_inset space ~
17068 \begin_inset Quotes els
17072 \begin_inset Quotes ers
17078 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17082 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17086 \begin_inset Quotes els
17090 \begin_inset Quotes ers
17093 quotation marks (as common, e.
17094 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17100 \begin_layout Labeling
17101 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17104 \begin_inset Quotes sld
17108 \begin_inset Quotes sld
17112 \begin_inset space ~
17116 \begin_inset space ~
17120 \begin_inset Quotes sls
17124 \begin_inset Quotes srs
17130 \begin_inset Quotes sld
17134 \begin_inset Quotes sld
17138 \begin_inset Quotes sls
17142 \begin_inset Quotes srs
17145 quotation marks (as common, e.
17146 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17152 \begin_layout Labeling
17153 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17156 \begin_inset Quotes gld
17160 \begin_inset Quotes grd
17164 \begin_inset space ~
17168 \begin_inset space ~
17172 \begin_inset Quotes gls
17176 \begin_inset Quotes grs
17182 \begin_inset Quotes gld
17186 \begin_inset Quotes grd
17190 \begin_inset Quotes gls
17194 \begin_inset Quotes grs
17197 quotation marks (as common, e.
17198 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17204 \begin_layout Labeling
17205 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17208 \begin_inset Quotes pld
17212 \begin_inset Quotes prd
17216 \begin_inset space ~
17220 \begin_inset space ~
17224 \begin_inset Quotes pls
17228 \begin_inset Quotes prs
17234 \begin_inset Quotes pld
17238 \begin_inset Quotes prd
17242 \begin_inset Quotes pls
17246 \begin_inset Quotes prs
17249 quotation marks (as common, e.
17250 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17256 \begin_layout Labeling
17257 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17260 \begin_inset Quotes cld
17264 \begin_inset Quotes crd
17268 \begin_inset space ~
17272 \begin_inset space ~
17276 \begin_inset Quotes cls
17280 \begin_inset Quotes crs
17286 \begin_inset Quotes cld
17290 \begin_inset Quotes crd
17294 \begin_inset Quotes cls
17298 \begin_inset Quotes crs
17301 quotation marks (as common, e.
17302 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17305 g., in Switzerland)
17308 \begin_layout Labeling
17309 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17312 \begin_inset Quotes ald
17316 \begin_inset Quotes ard
17320 \begin_inset space ~
17324 \begin_inset space ~
17328 \begin_inset Quotes als
17332 \begin_inset Quotes ars
17338 \begin_inset Quotes ald
17342 \begin_inset Quotes ard
17346 \begin_inset Quotes als
17350 \begin_inset Quotes ars
17353 quotation marks (as common, e.
17354 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17360 \begin_layout Labeling
17361 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17364 \begin_inset Quotes qrd
17368 \begin_inset Quotes qrd
17372 \begin_inset space ~
17376 \begin_inset space ~
17380 \begin_inset Quotes qls
17384 \begin_inset Quotes qls
17390 \begin_inset Quotes qrd
17394 \begin_inset Quotes qrd
17398 \begin_inset Quotes qls
17402 \begin_inset Quotes qls
17405 quotation marks (so-called plain or non-typographical quotation marks)
17408 \begin_layout Labeling
17409 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17412 \begin_inset Quotes bld
17416 \begin_inset Quotes brd
17420 \begin_inset space ~
17424 \begin_inset space ~
17428 \begin_inset Quotes bls
17432 \begin_inset Quotes brs
17438 \begin_inset Quotes bld
17442 \begin_inset Quotes brd
17446 \begin_inset Quotes bls
17450 \begin_inset Quotes brs
17453 quotation marks (as common, e.
17454 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17457 g., in Great Britain)
17460 \begin_layout Labeling
17461 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17464 \begin_inset Quotes fld
17468 \begin_inset Quotes frd
17472 \begin_inset space ~
17476 \begin_inset space ~
17480 \begin_inset Quotes fls
17484 \begin_inset Quotes frs
17490 \begin_inset Quotes fld
17494 \begin_inset Quotes frd
17498 \begin_inset Quotes fls
17502 \begin_inset Quotes frs
17505 quotation marks (as common, e.
17506 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17512 \begin_layout Labeling
17513 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17516 \begin_inset Quotes ild
17520 \begin_inset Quotes ird
17524 \begin_inset space ~
17528 \begin_inset space ~
17532 \begin_inset Quotes ils
17536 \begin_inset Quotes irs
17542 \begin_inset Quotes ild
17546 \begin_inset Quotes ird
17550 \begin_inset Quotes ils
17554 \begin_inset Quotes irs
17557 quotation marks (another style common in France)
17561 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17562 Maybe you wonder why one does not simply use only outer marks in this case,
17563 since these look identical to the inner marks.
17564 The answer is that you cannot easily switch to another style then (where
17565 the inner marks differ).
17573 \begin_layout Labeling
17574 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17577 \begin_inset Quotes rld
17581 \begin_inset Quotes rrd
17585 \begin_inset space ~
17589 \begin_inset space ~
17593 \begin_inset Quotes rls
17597 \begin_inset Quotes rrs
17603 \begin_inset Quotes rld
17607 \begin_inset Quotes rrd
17611 \begin_inset Quotes rls
17615 \begin_inset Quotes rrs
17618 quotation marks (as common, e.
17619 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17625 \begin_layout Labeling
17626 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17629 \begin_inset Quotes wld
17633 \begin_inset Quotes wrd
17637 \begin_inset space ~
17641 \begin_inset space ~
17645 \begin_inset Quotes wls
17649 \begin_inset Quotes wrs
17655 \begin_inset Quotes wld
17659 \begin_inset Quotes wrd
17663 \begin_inset Quotes wls
17667 \begin_inset Quotes wrs
17670 quotation marks (another style common in Sweden)
17673 \begin_layout Labeling
17674 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17675 \begin_inset Quotes jld
17683 \begin_inset Quotes jrd
17689 \begin_inset space ~
17693 \begin_inset space ~
17699 \begin_inset Quotes jls
17707 \begin_inset Quotes jrs
17711 \begin_inset Quotes jld
17715 \begin_inset Quotes jrd
17719 \begin_inset Quotes jls
17723 \begin_inset Quotes jrs
17726 quotation marks (as common, e.
17727 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17734 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17735 Note that these characters are just emulated with similar-looking math symbols
17736 in many encodings that do not cover these glyphs.
17744 \begin_layout Labeling
17745 \labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
17746 \begin_inset Quotes kld
17754 \begin_inset Quotes krd
17760 \begin_inset space ~
17764 \begin_inset space ~
17770 \begin_inset Quotes kls
17778 \begin_inset Quotes krs
17782 \begin_inset Quotes kld
17786 \begin_inset Quotes krd
17790 \begin_inset Quotes kls
17794 \begin_inset Quotes krs
17797 quotation marks (as common, e.
17798 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17801 g., in North Korea and China)
17805 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17806 Note that these characters are just emulated with similar-looking math symbols
17807 in many encodings that do not cover these glyphs.
17815 \begin_layout Standard
17816 Inner quotation marks
17820 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17821 In many writing cultures, these are single quotation marks.
17822 But as the British and French styles show, this is not necessarily the
17823 case (and specifically the British style shows that
17824 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17828 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17831 does not necessarily mean
17832 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17836 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17840 This is why we call them
17841 \begin_inset Quotes els
17845 \begin_inset Quotes ers
17849 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17853 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17861 for quotations inside quotations (and other tasks in some languages, such
17863 \begin_inset Quotes els
17867 \begin_inset Quotes ers
17870 ) can be obtained by means of the shortcut
17873 arg "quote-insert inner"
17878 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
17884 \begin_layout Standard
17885 By default, the quotation mark styles are persistent.
17886 That is to say, a quotation mark maintains the style that was current when
17887 it was inserted, even if the document-wide style changes.
17888 This allows you to enter marks of different style.
17889 If you check the setting
17891 Use dynamic quotation marks
17895 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
17896 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
17899 , however, special quotation marks will be inserted (in the LyX window,
17900 they appear in a special color).
17901 These marks will automatically adapt to the main style (and its changes).
17902 Such quotation marks make it easy to alter the quotation mark style in
17904 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17907 g., if your publisher requests a different style).
17910 \begin_layout Standard
17911 Individual quotation marks (i.
17912 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
17915 e., their level [inner, outer], side [opening, closing], and style) can be
17916 easily switched by a context menu that pops up if you right-click on a
17920 \begin_layout Subsection
17922 \begin_inset Index idx
17925 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17926 Typography ! Ligatures
17932 \begin_inset Index idx
17935 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17940 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17951 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17964 \begin_inset CommandInset label
17966 name "subsec:Ligatures"
17973 \begin_layout Standard
17974 It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
17975 print them as single characters.
17976 These groups are known as
17981 Since \SpecialChar LaTeX
17982 knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too in the
17984 Here are the standard ligatures:
17987 \begin_layout Itemize
17991 \begin_layout Itemize
17995 \begin_layout Itemize
17999 \begin_layout Itemize
18003 \begin_layout Itemize
18007 \begin_layout Standard
18008 Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
18011 \begin_layout Standard
18012 Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
18013 While a ligature may be okay in the word,
18014 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18018 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18021 it looks really weird in compound words, such as
18022 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18026 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18030 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18034 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18037 To break a ligature, use
18039 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
18040 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
18042 \begin_inset space ~
18049 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18053 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18057 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18060 cuff\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
18062 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18066 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18070 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18074 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18077 Dorf\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
18079 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18085 \begin_layout Subsection
18087 and \SpecialChar LaTeX
18089 \begin_inset Index idx
18092 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18100 \begin_inset CommandInset label
18102 name "subsec:LyX's-Proper-Names"
18109 \begin_layout Standard
18112 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
18113 Special Characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
18117 provides the following program logos with special formatting:
18120 \begin_layout Description
18122 The name of the game.
18125 \begin_layout Description
18127 The typesetting engine used by \SpecialChar LyX
18131 \begin_layout Description
18133 The \SpecialChar TeX
18134 macro collection used by \SpecialChar LyX
18138 \begin_layout Description
18139 \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
18140 The current version of \SpecialChar LaTeX
18144 \begin_layout Standard
18145 You might wonder why the \SpecialChar LaTeX
18147 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18151 \begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
18155 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18159 It is an old tradition in the \SpecialChar TeX
18160 world to give programs geek version numbers.
18161 For example the version number of \SpecialChar TeX
18162 converges to the number
18163 \begin_inset Formula $\pi$
18166 : The actual version is
18167 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18172 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18175 , the previous one was
18176 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18181 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18187 \begin_layout Subsection
18189 \begin_inset Index idx
18192 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18201 \begin_layout Standard
18202 Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
18203 space between two words.
18204 As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
18207 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18211 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18214 for units use the menu
18216 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
18217 Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
18219 \begin_inset space ~
18227 arg "space-insert thin"
18233 \begin_layout Standard
18234 Here is an example to show the differences:
18237 \begin_layout Standard
18238 \begin_inset Tabular
18239 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
18240 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
18241 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
18242 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
18244 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
18247 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18249 \begin_inset space ~
18253 \begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
18261 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
18264 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18265 space between number and unit
18272 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
18275 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18277 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
18281 \begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
18289 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
18292 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18293 half space between number and unit
18306 \begin_layout Subsection
18308 \begin_inset Index idx
18311 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18312 Typography ! Widows and orphans
18320 \begin_layout Standard
18321 In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
18323 There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
18324 For example the heading for a new section was printed at the very bottom
18325 of the page, the first line of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom
18326 of a page, or the last line of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
18327 These bits of text became known as
18338 \begin_layout Standard
18339 Clearly, \SpecialChar LyX
18340 can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
18341 That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
18342 But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
18343 of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
18344 built into \SpecialChar LaTeX
18345 governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there specifical
18346 ly to prevent widows and orphans.
18347 If they appear nevertheless and you don't like them, you can add the commands
18348 \begin_inset Newline newline
18356 \begin_inset Newline newline
18364 \begin_inset Newline newline
18367 to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
18368 preamble of your document to avoid them.
18369 Some \SpecialChar LaTeX
18371 \begin_inset space ~
18375 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
18377 key "latexcompanion"
18383 \begin_inset space ~
18387 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
18394 ) have more information about the technical details of \SpecialChar LaTeX
18395 's page break mechanism.
18398 \begin_layout Chapter
18399 Notes, Graphics, Tables and Floats
18400 \begin_inset CommandInset label
18402 name "chap:Floats-and-Notes"
18409 \begin_layout Standard
18410 The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
18413 \begin_inset space ~
18419 There you will also find tips and tricks for special cases.
18422 \begin_layout Section
18424 \begin_inset Index idx
18427 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18434 \begin_inset CommandInset label
18443 \begin_layout Standard
18445 offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:
18448 \begin_layout Description
18451 \begin_inset space ~
18454 Note This note type is for internal notes that will not appear in the output.
18455 \begin_inset Newline newline
18459 \begin_inset Note Note
18462 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18463 This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
18471 \begin_layout Description
18472 Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it does appear as
18473 a \SpecialChar LaTeX
18474 -comment when you export the document to \SpecialChar LaTeX
18477 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
18478 Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
18480 \begin_inset space ~
18486 \begin_inset Newline newline
18490 \begin_inset Note Comment
18493 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18494 This is text in a note box that only appears as a comment in \SpecialChar LaTeX
18503 \begin_layout Description
18505 \begin_inset space ~
18508 Out This note will appear in the output as text in a color which you can
18509 set in the document settings under
18511 Colors\SpecialChar menuseparator
18513 \begin_inset space ~
18519 \begin_inset Newline newline
18523 \begin_inset Newline newline
18527 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
18530 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18535 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18536 This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.
18537 In this document the color of this note type is set to blue.
18542 of a comment that appears in the output.
18548 \begin_inset Newline newline
18552 \begin_inset Newline newline
18555 As you can see in the example, greyed out notes can have footnotes.
18558 \begin_layout Standard
18559 Notes are inserted with the toolbar button
18567 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
18571 Right-click on the note box that appears to select the note type.
18574 \begin_layout Section
18576 \begin_inset Index idx
18579 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18586 \begin_inset CommandInset label
18588 name "sec:Footnotes"
18595 \begin_layout Standard
18597 uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the menu
18600 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
18603 or the toolbar button
18606 arg "footnote-insert"
18618 \begin_inset Graphics
18619 filename clipart/footnote.png
18628 This box is \SpecialChar LyX
18629 's representation of your footnote.
18639 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18647 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18658 label, the box will
18662 be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
18663 Clicking on the box label again will close
18676 If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply highlight it
18677 and click on the footnote
18692 \begin_layout Standard
18693 Here is an example footnote:
18701 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18702 To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
18710 \begin_layout Standard
18711 The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
18712 position where the footnote box is placed.
18713 The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
18714 The footnote number is calculated by \SpecialChar LyX
18715 according to the document class.
18717 does not yet support a particular numbering scheme, but you can get other
18718 schemes using special \SpecialChar LaTeX
18724 ey are described in the
18727 \begin_inset space ~
18735 \begin_layout Section
18737 \begin_inset Index idx
18740 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18747 \begin_inset CommandInset label
18749 name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
18756 \begin_layout Standard
18757 Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in \SpecialChar LyX
18759 When you insert a margin note via the menu
18761 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
18763 \begin_inset space ~
18768 or the toolbar button
18771 arg "marginalnote-insert"
18790 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18794 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18797 appearing within your text.
18798 This box is \SpecialChar LyX
18799 's representation of your margin
18808 \begin_layout Standard
18809 At the side of this sentence is an example marginal note.
18813 \begin_inset Marginal
18816 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18818 This is a marginal note.
18826 \begin_layout Standard
18827 Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
18828 In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin – left on even
18829 pages, right on odd pages.
18832 \begin_layout Standard
18833 For further information about marginal notes see the section
18836 \begin_inset space ~
18844 \begin_inset space ~
18852 \begin_layout Section
18853 Graphics and Images
18854 \begin_inset Index idx
18857 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18864 \begin_inset Index idx
18867 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18874 \begin_inset CommandInset label
18876 name "sec:Graphics"
18883 \begin_layout Standard
18884 To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
18885 you want and click on the toolbar icon
18888 arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
18893 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
18897 Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
18900 \begin_layout Standard
18901 This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
18906 tab allows you to choose your image file.
18907 The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
18909 The scaling units are explained in Appendix
18910 \begin_inset space ~
18914 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
18916 reference "chap:Units-available-in"
18923 \begin_layout Standard
18928 it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
18929 of the image in the output.
18930 The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
18934 \begin_inset space ~
18938 \begin_inset space ~
18947 \begin_inset space ~
18951 \begin_inset space ~
18955 \begin_inset space ~
18960 will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
18961 Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
18969 \begin_layout Standard
18973 \begin_inset space ~
18977 \begin_inset space ~
18982 tab \SpecialChar LaTeX
18983 experts can specify additional \SpecialChar LaTeX
18985 In this tab you can also specify the appearance of the image inside \SpecialChar LyX
18990 \begin_inset space ~
18995 has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
18996 with the image size is printed.
18999 \begin_layout Standard
19000 The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
19001 Images will appear in the output exactly at the position where they are
19003 This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
19006 \begin_layout Standard
19008 \begin_inset Graphics
19009 filename clipart/mobius.eps
19017 \begin_layout Standard
19018 If you need image captions or want to reference images, you have to put
19019 the image into a float, see section
19020 \begin_inset space ~
19024 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
19026 reference "subsec:Figure-Floats"
19033 \begin_layout Subsection
19035 \begin_inset Index idx
19038 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19045 \begin_inset CommandInset label
19047 name "subsec:Image-Formats"
19054 \begin_layout Standard
19055 You can insert images in any known file format.
19056 But as we explained in section
19057 \begin_inset space ~
19061 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
19063 reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
19067 , every output document format allows only a few image formats.
19069 therefore uses the program
19073 in the background to convert the images to the right format.
19074 To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
19075 use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section
19076 \begin_inset space ~
19080 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
19082 reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
19089 \begin_layout Standard
19090 Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
19093 \begin_layout Description
19095 \begin_inset space ~
19098 images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
19099 They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixelated in large zooms.
19100 Well-known bitmap image formats are
19101 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19104 Graphics Interchange Format
19105 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19108 (GIF, file extension
19109 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19117 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19121 \begin_inset Index idx
19124 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19129 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19140 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19153 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19156 Portable Network Graphics
19157 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19160 (PNG, file extension
19161 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19169 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19173 \begin_inset Index idx
19176 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19181 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19192 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19205 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19208 Joint Photographic Experts Group
19209 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19212 (JPG, file extension
19213 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19221 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19225 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19233 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19237 \begin_inset Index idx
19240 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19245 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19256 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19271 \begin_layout Description
19273 \begin_inset space ~
19276 images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
19278 The scaling ability is desired if you want to create presentations, because
19279 presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
19280 Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
19281 \begin_inset Newline newline
19284 Scalable image formats can be
19285 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19288 Scalable Vector Graphics
19289 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19292 (SVG, file extension
19293 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19301 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19305 \begin_inset Index idx
19308 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19313 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19324 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19337 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19340 Encapsulated PostScript
19341 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19344 (EPS, file extension
19345 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19353 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19357 \begin_inset Index idx
19360 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19365 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19376 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19389 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19392 Portable Document Format
19393 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19396 (PDF, file extension
19397 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19405 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19409 \begin_inset Index idx
19412 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19420 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19424 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19427 , because you can convert any bitmap image format to PDF or EPS and the
19428 result will not be scalable.
19429 In this case only a header with the image properties is added to the original
19434 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19435 In the case of PDF, the original image is additionally compressed.
19443 \begin_layout Standard
19444 Normally one cannot convert a bitmap image into a scalable one, only
19451 \begin_layout Subsection
19452 Grouping of Image Settings
19453 \begin_inset Index idx
19456 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19457 Images ! Settings grouping
19465 \begin_layout Standard
19466 Each image can define a new group of image settings or join an existing
19468 Images within such a group share their settings, so adjusting one image
19469 of the group automatically also adjusts all other images of the group in
19471 So you can for example change the size for a bunch of images without the
19472 need to manually change each of them.
19476 \begin_layout Standard
19477 A new group can be set by pressing the button
19480 \begin_inset space ~
19484 \begin_inset space ~
19496 \begin_inset space ~
19500 \begin_inset space ~
19506 Joining an existing group can be done using the context menu of the image
19507 and checking the name of the desired group.
19510 \begin_layout Section
19512 \begin_inset Index idx
19515 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19522 \begin_inset CommandInset label
19531 \begin_layout Standard
19532 You can insert a table using either the toolbar button
19535 arg "tabular-insert"
19540 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
19544 A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
19545 The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
19546 from the rest of the table.
19547 This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
19548 have a line below them and the cells of the second row have a line above
19550 Here is an example table:
19553 \begin_layout Standard
19555 \begin_inset Tabular
19556 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
19557 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
19558 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
19559 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
19560 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
19561 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
19563 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19566 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19572 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19575 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19590 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19593 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19599 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
19602 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19610 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19613 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19628 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19631 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19637 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19640 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19646 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
19649 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19657 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19660 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19675 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19678 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19684 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19687 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19697 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
19700 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19708 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19711 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19726 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19729 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19735 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19738 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19744 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
19747 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19761 \begin_layout Subsection
19765 \begin_layout Standard
19766 You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button and
19769 More\SpecialChar menuseparator
19773 This brings up the table dialog.
19774 Here you can adjust the settings of the cell, row and/or column where the
19775 cursor is placed currently.
19776 Most of the dialog options also work on selections.
19777 This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is
19778 done on all of your selection.
19781 \begin_layout Standard
19782 In addition to the table dialog, the
19785 \begin_inset space ~
19790 helps you in setting table properties.
19791 It appears if the cursor is inside a table.
19794 \begin_layout Standard
19798 \begin_inset space ~
19803 of the table dialog you can set the alignment for the current row.
19804 If you add a row or column, it will be inserted right beside or below the
19805 current cell respectively.
19806 The vertical alignment of a column can only be adjusted when a column width
19808 A given width will allow the cell to have line breaks and multiple paragraphs
19809 of text, see section
19810 \begin_inset space ~
19814 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
19816 reference "subsec:Table-Cells"
19823 \begin_layout Standard
19824 You can mark multiple cells of one row/column as a multicolumn/row cell
19825 using the check box
19834 This will merge the cells to
19838 cell, spread over more than one column/row.
19839 Multicolumn cells are treated as own rows, so that the alignment, width,
19840 and border settings affect only the multicolumn cell.
19841 Here is an example table with a multicolumn cell in the first row and one
19842 in the last row without the upper border:
19845 \begin_layout Standard
19847 \begin_inset Tabular
19848 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
19849 <features firstHeadTopDL="true" firstHeadBottomDL="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
19850 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
19851 <column alignment="center" valignment="middle">
19852 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
19853 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
19855 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19858 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19864 <cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19867 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19873 <cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19876 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19882 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
19885 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19893 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19896 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19911 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19914 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19920 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19923 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19929 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
19932 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19940 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19943 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19949 <cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19952 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19958 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
19961 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19967 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
19970 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19984 \begin_layout Standard
19985 Adept users can declare special \SpecialChar LaTeX
19986 -arguments for the table.
19987 They are necessary for special table formatting, such as the multirow cells,
19988 explained in the chapter
19995 \begin_inset space ~
20001 You can also rotate the current cell or the whole table.
20002 These rotations are not visible in \SpecialChar LyX
20003 but are visible in the output.
20006 \begin_layout Standard
20007 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
20010 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20015 Most DVI-viewers are
20019 able to display rotations.
20027 \begin_layout Standard
20032 tab allows you to add and delete border lines for the current row/column.
20037 adds lines for all cell borders.
20040 \begin_layout Subsection
20042 \begin_inset Index idx
20045 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20046 Tables ! Multi-page
20052 \begin_inset Index idx
20055 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20064 \begin_layout Standard
20065 If the table is too long to fit on one page, you can use the option
20068 \begin_inset space ~
20072 \begin_inset space ~
20080 \begin_inset space ~
20085 of the table dialog to split the table automatically over more pages.
20086 Doing this enables some check boxes and you can now define:
20089 \begin_layout Description
20094 : The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
20095 defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable.
20096 Except for the first page, if
20099 \begin_inset space ~
20107 \begin_layout Description
20111 \begin_inset space ~
20116 : The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
20117 defined, are defined to be the header rows of the first page of the longtable.
20120 \begin_layout Description
20125 : The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
20126 defined, are defined to be the footer rows of all pages of the longtable,
20127 except for the last page, if
20130 \begin_inset space ~
20138 \begin_layout Description
20142 \begin_inset space ~
20147 : The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
20148 defined, are defined to be the footer rows of the last page of the longtable.
20151 \begin_layout Description
20152 Caption: The first row is reset as a single column.
20153 You can now insert there the table caption via the menu
20155 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
20159 More about multi-page table captions can be found in the
20162 \begin_inset space ~
20170 \begin_layout Standard
20171 You can also specify a row where the table is split.
20172 If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware
20173 that then only the first option is used; the others will be defined as
20179 In this context, first means first in this order:
20182 \begin_inset space ~
20194 \begin_inset space ~
20199 ; see the following longtable to see how it works:
20202 \begin_layout Standard
20204 \begin_inset Tabular
20205 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="69" columns="3">
20206 <features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
20207 <column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="5cm">
20208 <column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
20209 <column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0pt">
20210 <row endfirsthead="true">
20211 <cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
20214 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20217 Example Phone List (ignore the names)
20222 <cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
20225 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20231 <cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
20234 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20241 <row endfirsthead="true">
20242 <cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
20245 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20253 <cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
20256 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20262 <cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
20265 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20274 <row endhead="true">
20275 <cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
20278 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20286 <cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
20289 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20295 <cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
20298 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20305 <row endhead="true">
20306 <cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
20309 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20317 <cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
20320 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20326 <cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
20329 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20338 <row endfoot="true">
20339 <cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
20342 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20350 <cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
20353 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21323 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21334 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21343 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21600 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21622 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21631 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21848 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21859 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21879 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21890 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21901 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21910 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21921 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21983 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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21994 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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22003 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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22014 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22022 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
22025 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22031 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22034 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22042 <cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22045 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22053 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
22056 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22062 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22065 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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22076 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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22087 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22093 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22096 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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22107 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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22118 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22124 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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22138 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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22158 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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22169 \begin_layout Plain Layout
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22180 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22186 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22189 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22197 <cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22200 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22208 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
22211 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22217 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22220 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22228 <cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22231 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22239 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
22242 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22248 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22251 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22259 <cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22262 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22270 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
22273 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22279 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22282 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22290 <cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22293 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22301 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
22304 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22310 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22313 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22320 <row endlastfoot="true">
22321 <cell multicolumn="1" alignment="block" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22324 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22332 <cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
22335 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22341 <cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22344 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22358 \begin_layout Subsection
22360 \begin_inset Index idx
22363 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22370 \begin_inset CommandInset label
22372 name "subsec:Table-Cells"
22379 \begin_layout Standard
22380 A table cell can contain text, inline equations, a figure, or another table.
22381 All these kinds of objects can be placed in the same cell.
22382 Font sizes and shapes can also be altered.
22383 But you can't put a special environment in a cell (like
22387 , etc.), nor set spacing options for the cell's paragraph.
22390 \begin_layout Standard
22391 To have multi-line entries in table cells, you have to declare a fixed width
22392 for the column in the table dialog.
22393 Your text is then automatically split into multiple lines and the cell
22394 is enlarged vertically when the length of the text exceeds the given width.
22398 \begin_layout Standard
22400 \begin_inset Tabular
22401 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
22402 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
22403 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
22404 <column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="3cm">
22405 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
22407 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22410 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22425 <cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22428 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22443 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22446 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22463 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22466 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22481 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22484 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22494 This is a multi-line entry in a table.
22499 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22502 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22519 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22522 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22537 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22540 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22550 This is longer now.
22555 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22558 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22575 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22578 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22593 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
22596 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22606 This is a multi-line entry in a table.
22607 This is longer now.
22612 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
22615 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22638 \begin_layout Standard
22639 Cutting and pasting between tables and table cells works reasonably well.
22640 You can even cut and paste more than one row.
22644 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22645 Note that you cannot paste into a multicell selection because it would not
22646 be clear what to do when pasting a single word in a selected 2×3.
22652 Selection with the mouse or with
22656 plus the arrow keys works as usual.
22657 You can also copy and paste the entire table as a single unit by starting
22658 the selection from outside the table.
22661 \begin_layout Section
22663 \begin_inset Index idx
22666 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22673 \begin_inset CommandInset label
22682 \begin_layout Subsection
22686 \begin_layout Standard
22687 A float is a block of text associated with some sort of label, which doesn't
22688 have a fixed location.
22690 \begin_inset Quotes eld
22694 \begin_inset Quotes erd
22697 forward or backward a page or two, to wherever it fits best.
22705 \begin_inset space ~
22710 are also floats, because they can float to the next page when there are
22711 too many notes on the current page.
22714 \begin_layout Standard
22715 Floats make it possible to get a high quality layout.
22716 Images and tables can be distributed evenly over the pages to avoid whitespace
22717 and pages without text.
22718 As the floating often destroys the spatial context between the text and
22719 the image/table, every float can be referenced in the text.
22720 Floats are therefore numbered.
22721 Referencing is described in section
22722 \begin_inset space ~
22726 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
22728 reference "sec:Cross-References"
22735 \begin_layout Standard
22736 To insert a float, use the menu
22738 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
22742 A box with a caption will be inserted into your document.
22743 The label will automatically be translated to the document language in
22745 After the label you can insert the caption text.
22746 \begin_inset Index idx
22749 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22755 The image or table is inserted above or below the caption in a separate
22756 paragraph within the float.
22757 To keep your \SpecialChar LyX
22758 -document readable, you can open and close the float box by
22759 left-clicking on the box label.
22760 A closed float box looks like this:
22761 \begin_inset Graphics
22762 filename clipart/float.png
22767 – a gray button with a red label.
22770 \begin_layout Standard
22771 You should insert floats in a separate paragraph to avoid possible \SpecialChar LaTeX
22773 that can occur when the surrounding text is specially formatted.
22776 \begin_layout Subsection
22778 \begin_inset CommandInset label
22780 name "subsec:Figure-Floats"
22785 \begin_inset Index idx
22788 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22789 Floats ! Figure floats
22797 \begin_layout Standard
22799 \begin_inset space ~
22803 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
22805 reference "fig:Platypus-distorted"
22809 was created using the menu
22811 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
22812 Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
22818 arg "float-insert figure"
22822 The image was inserted by setting the cursor above the caption label and
22825 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
22831 arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
22835 The image in the float was horizontally centered by putting the cursor
22836 to the left or right of the image and using the menu
22838 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
22840 \begin_inset space ~
22848 arg "layout-paragraph"
22854 \begin_layout Standard
22855 \begin_inset Float figure
22860 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22862 \begin_inset Graphics
22863 filename clipart/platypus.eps
22872 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22873 \begin_inset Caption Standard
22875 \begin_layout Plain Layout
22876 \begin_inset CommandInset label
22878 name "fig:Platypus-distorted"
22882 A severely distorted platypus in a float.
22895 \begin_layout Standard
22896 This figure float also shows how to set a label and create a cross-reference
22897 to it: Insert a label into the caption using the menu
22899 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
22908 ) and refer to it using the menu
22910 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
22916 arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
22920 It is important to use cross-references to figure floats rather than using
22921 vague references like
22922 \begin_inset Quotes eld
22926 \begin_inset Quotes erd
22929 , because, as \SpecialChar LaTeX
22930 will reposition the floats in the final document, it might
22932 \begin_inset Quotes eld
22936 \begin_inset Quotes erd
22940 For more about cross-references, see section
22941 \begin_inset space ~
22945 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
22947 reference "sec:Cross-References"
22954 \begin_layout Standard
22955 Normally only one image is inserted in a figure float, but sometimes you
22956 might want to use two images with separate subcaptions.
22957 This can be done by inserting image floats into existing image floats.
22958 Note that only the main caption of the float is added to the List of Figures
22959 as described in section
22960 \begin_inset space ~
22964 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
22966 reference "subsec:List-of-Figures"
22972 \begin_inset space ~
22976 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
22978 reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
22982 is an example of a figure float with two images set side by side.
22983 You can also set the images one below the other.
22985 \begin_inset space ~
22989 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
22991 reference "fig:Undefinable"
22996 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
22998 reference "fig:Platypus"
23002 are the subfigures.
23005 \begin_layout Standard
23006 \begin_inset Float figure
23011 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23012 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
23016 \begin_inset Float figure
23021 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23022 \begin_inset Caption Standard
23024 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23025 \begin_inset CommandInset label
23027 name "fig:Undefinable"
23039 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23040 \begin_inset Graphics
23041 filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
23052 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
23056 \begin_inset Float figure
23061 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23062 \begin_inset Caption Standard
23064 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23065 \begin_inset CommandInset label
23067 name "fig:Platypus"
23079 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23080 \begin_inset Graphics
23081 filename clipart/platypus.eps
23093 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
23099 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23100 \begin_inset Caption Standard
23102 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23103 \begin_inset CommandInset label
23105 name "fig:Two-distorted-images"
23109 Two distorted images.
23122 \begin_layout Subsection
23124 \begin_inset Index idx
23127 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23128 Floats ! Table floats
23136 \begin_layout Standard
23137 Table floats can be inserted using the menu
23139 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
23140 Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
23143 or the toolbar button
23146 arg "float-insert table"
23150 They have the same properties as figure floats except that the table in
23151 the float is normally placed below the caption and not above like for figures
23152 and that the label begins with “tab:”.
23154 \begin_inset space ~
23158 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
23160 reference "tab:Table-float"
23167 \begin_layout Standard
23168 \begin_inset Float table
23173 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23174 \begin_inset Caption Standard
23176 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23177 \begin_inset CommandInset label
23179 name "tab:Table-float"
23191 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23193 \begin_inset Tabular
23194 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
23195 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
23196 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
23197 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
23198 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
23200 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
23203 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23218 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
23221 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23236 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
23239 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23256 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
23259 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23274 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
23277 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23292 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
23295 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23312 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
23315 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23325 \begin_inset Formula $\int x^{2}dx$
23333 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
23336 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23346 \begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
23349 \end{array}\right]$
23357 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
23360 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23370 \begin_inset Formula $1+1=2$
23391 \begin_layout Subsection
23393 \begin_inset Index idx
23396 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23405 \begin_layout Standard
23407 offers you further float types as well as rotated floats.
23408 It also allows you to change the float numbering scheme, to control the
23409 float placement and to change the formatting and placement of the float
23411 All these features are explained in detail with many examples in the chapter
23419 \begin_inset space ~
23427 \begin_layout Section
23429 \begin_inset Index idx
23432 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23441 \begin_layout Standard
23443 provides a mechanism essentially to produce a page within a page, called
23445 Within a minipage, all the usual rules of indentation, line wrapping, etc.
23446 \begin_inset space \space{}
23453 \begin_layout Standard
23454 Minipages in \SpecialChar LyX
23455 have their own collapsible box inserted via the menu
23457 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
23461 Right-clicking on the box label allows you to alter the width of the minipage
23462 and its alignment within the page.
23465 \begin_layout Standard
23467 \begin_inset Box Frameless
23477 height_special "totalheight"
23482 backgroundcolor "none"
23485 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23488 This is a minipage.
23489 The text is set in an italic style.
23492 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23495 Minipages are often used for text in another language or text that needs
23496 another formatting.
23504 \begin_layout Standard
23505 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
23508 If you place two minipages side-by-side, you can use
23512 as described in section
23513 \begin_inset space ~
23517 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
23519 reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
23524 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
23530 \begin_layout Standard
23531 \begin_inset Box Frameless
23541 height_special "totalheight"
23546 backgroundcolor "none"
23549 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23550 This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
23551 This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
23557 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
23561 \begin_inset Box Frameless
23571 height_special "totalheight"
23576 backgroundcolor "none"
23579 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23580 This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
23581 This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
23589 \begin_layout Standard
23590 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
23596 \begin_layout Standard
23597 When you right-click on a minipage box, you can transform the box to another
23599 All box types and their settings are explained in detail in chapter
23606 \begin_inset space ~
23614 \begin_layout Chapter
23615 Mathematical Formulas
23616 \begin_inset Index idx
23619 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23626 \begin_inset Index idx
23629 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23634 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23645 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23658 \begin_inset CommandInset label
23660 name "chap:Mathematical-Formulas"
23667 \begin_layout Standard
23668 The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
23673 There you will also find tips and tricks for special cases.
23676 \begin_layout Section
23678 \begin_inset Index idx
23681 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23690 \begin_layout Standard
23691 To create a math formula, you can just click on the toolbar icon
23704 That will create a little blue rectangle, with purple markers around its
23706 That blue rectangle is the formula itself; the purple markers indicate
23707 what level of nesting within the formula you are at.
23708 You can also choose a particular formula type to insert via the
23710 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
23716 \begin_layout Standard
23717 Editing the parameters of a formula and adding math constructs can be done
23721 \begin_inset space ~
23726 , that appears if the cursor is in a formula.
23729 \begin_layout Standard
23730 There are two main types of formulas, inline formulas and display formulas.
23731 Inline formulas appear within a text line, like this one:
23734 \begin_layout Standard
23735 This is a line with an inline formula
23736 \begin_inset Formula $A=B$
23742 \begin_layout Standard
23743 Displayed formulas appear outside the text like if they were in a separate
23744 paragraph, like this one:
23745 \begin_inset Formula
23752 You can only number and reference displayed formulas.
23755 \begin_layout Standard
23757 also supports many \SpecialChar LaTeX
23759 For example, typing
23760 \begin_inset Quotes eld
23770 \begin_inset Quotes erd
23773 , followed by a space, in a formula will create the Greek letter
23774 \begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
23778 Typing commands might sometimes be faster than using the
23781 \begin_inset space ~
23789 \begin_layout Subsection
23790 Navigating in Formulas
23791 \begin_inset Index idx
23794 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23803 \begin_layout Standard
23804 The best control over the cursor position within an existing formula is
23805 achieved with the arrow keys.
23807 uses small rectangles to indicate places where something can be inserted.
23808 The arrow keys can be used to navigate between parts of a formula.
23813 will leave a formula construct (a square root
23814 \begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2}$
23818 \begin_inset Formula $\left(f\right)$
23822 \begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
23825 \end{array}\right]$
23833 will leave the formula, placing the cursor after the formula.
23838 can be used to move horizontally in a formula; for example, through the
23839 cells of a matrix or the positions in a multi-line equation.
23842 \begin_layout Standard
23847 , printed in this document as
23848 \begin_inset Quotes eld
23852 \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
23856 \begin_inset Quotes erd
23859 , seems to do nothing in a formula, since it does not add a space between
23860 characters, but it does exit a nested structure.
23861 For this reason, you have to be careful about using
23866 For example, if you want
23867 \begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x+1}$
23875 \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
23885 \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
23889 \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
23894 , since in the latter case only the
23897 \begin_inset Formula $2x$
23902 will be under the square root sign:
23903 \begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x}+1$
23909 \begin_layout Standard
23910 You can leave many parts of a formula, like this matrix, partially filled
23912 \begin_inset Formula
23914 \left(\begin{array}{ccc}
23923 If you leave a fraction only partially filled in, or a subscript with nothing
23924 in it, the results will be unpredictable, but most constructs don't mind.
23927 \begin_layout Subsection
23931 \begin_layout Standard
23932 You can select text within a formula in two different ways.
23933 Place the cursor at one end of the string of text you want, and press
23937 and a cursor movement key to select text.
23938 It will be highlighted as with regular text selection.
23939 Alternatively, you can select text with the mouse in the usual way.
23940 That text can then be cut or copied, and then pasted within any formula,
23941 but not in a normal text region in \SpecialChar LyX
23945 \begin_layout Subsection
23946 Exponents and Subscripts
23947 \begin_inset Index idx
23950 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23957 \begin_inset Index idx
23960 \begin_layout Plain Layout
23969 \begin_layout Standard
23970 You can use the math panel to add super- or subscripts (buttons
23973 arg "math-superscript"
23979 arg "math-subscript"
23982 ), but it is often much easier to use a command.
23984 \begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$
23987 , type in a formula
23990 \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
24000 puts the cursor back down on the base line of the expression.
24006 \begin_inset Formula $x^{2y}$
24010 \begin_inset Formula $x^{2}y$
24016 \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
24022 If you use characters in the superscript, that could be accented with the
24024 \begin_inset Quotes eld
24028 \begin_inset Quotes erd
24031 , you have to use an extra
24035 to separate the circumflex and the character.
24036 For example, if you want
24037 \begin_inset Formula $x^{a}$
24043 \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
24049 Subscripts are similar: To get
24050 \begin_inset Formula $a_{1}$
24056 \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
24064 \begin_layout Subsection
24066 \begin_inset Index idx
24069 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24078 \begin_layout Standard
24079 Create a fraction either with the command
24085 or by using the icon
24088 arg "math-insert \\frac"
24094 \begin_inset space ~
24100 You will be presented with an empty fraction.
24101 The cursor is above the fraction line.
24102 To move it to the bottom, simply press
24107 To move back up, press
24112 Any math structure can be placed in a fraction, as this example shows:
24113 \begin_inset Formula
24115 \left[\frac{1}{\left(\begin{array}{cc}
24118 \end{array}\right)}\right]
24126 \begin_layout Subsection
24128 \begin_inset Index idx
24131 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24140 \begin_layout Standard
24141 Roots can be created using the
24144 \begin_inset space ~
24152 arg "math-insert \\sqrt"
24158 arg "math-insert \\root"
24180 you can produce roots of higher orders, like cube roots, while
24186 always produces a square root.
24189 \begin_layout Subsection
24190 Operators with Limits
24191 \begin_inset Index idx
24194 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24201 \begin_inset Index idx
24204 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24211 \begin_inset CommandInset label
24213 name "subsec:Operators-with-Limits"
24220 \begin_layout Standard
24222 \begin_inset Formula $\sum$
24226 \begin_inset Formula $\int$
24229 ) operators are very often decorated with limits.
24230 These limits can be entered in \SpecialChar LyX
24231 by entering them as you would enter a super-
24232 or subscript, directly after the symbol.
24233 The sum operator will automatically place its
24234 \begin_inset Quotes eld
24238 \begin_inset Quotes erd
24241 over and under the symbol in displayed formulas, and to the side in inline
24243 \begin_inset Formula $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e$
24247 \begin_inset Formula
24249 \sum\nolimits _{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e
24254 Integral signs, however, will place the limits to the side in both formula
24258 \begin_layout Standard
24259 All operators with limits will be automatically re-sized when placed in
24261 The placement of the limits can be changed by placing the cursor directly
24262 behind the operator and using the menu
24264 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
24265 Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
24267 \begin_inset space ~
24271 \begin_inset space ~
24285 \begin_layout Standard
24286 Certain other mathematical expressions also have this
24287 \begin_inset Quotes eld
24291 \begin_inset Quotes erd
24295 \begin_inset Index idx
24298 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24305 \begin_inset Formula
24307 \lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x),
24312 which will place the
24313 \begin_inset Formula $x\rightarrow\infty$
24317 \begin_inset Quotes eld
24321 \begin_inset Quotes erd
24325 In inline formulas it looks like this:
24326 \begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x)$
24332 \begin_layout Standard
24333 Note that the lim-function was entered as the function macro
24340 Have a look at section
24341 \begin_inset space ~
24345 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
24347 reference "subsec:Functions"
24351 for an explanation of function macros.
24354 \begin_layout Subsection
24356 \begin_inset Index idx
24359 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24368 \begin_layout Standard
24369 Most math symbols can be found in the
24372 \begin_inset space ~
24377 under one of several categories; including
24394 There are also the additional symbols provided by the American Mathematical
24398 \begin_layout Standard
24399 If you know the \SpecialChar LaTeX
24400 -command for a construct or symbol you wish to use, you
24401 don't have to use the
24404 \begin_inset space ~
24409 ; you can type the command directly into the formula.
24411 will convert it to the corresponding symbol or construct.
24414 \begin_layout Subsection
24416 \begin_inset Index idx
24419 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24428 \begin_layout Standard
24429 You may want to create spaces that differ from the standard spacing that
24435 arg "command-alternatives math-space ; space-insert protected"
24441 \begin_inset space ~
24449 arg "math-insert \\space"
24453 This generates a small space, and shows a small marker on the screen.
24454 For example, the sequence
24459 \begin_inset Formula $a\,b$
24462 appears in \SpecialChar LyX
24464 \begin_inset Graphics
24465 filename clipart/SpaceMarker.png
24470 You can change the space to different sizes when you set the cursor behind
24471 the space marker and enter space again several times.
24472 With every space enter the size will be changed.
24473 Some markers for the space size appear red in \SpecialChar LyX
24474 , because they are negative
24476 Here are two examples:
24479 \begin_layout Standard
24489 \begin_inset Formula $a\quad b$
24495 \begin_layout Standard
24505 \begin_inset Formula $a\!b$
24511 \begin_layout Subsection
24513 \begin_inset Index idx
24516 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24523 \begin_inset CommandInset label
24525 name "subsec:Functions"
24532 \begin_layout Standard
24536 \begin_inset space ~
24541 contains under the button
24544 arg "math-insert \\functions"
24547 a number of function macros, such as
24548 \begin_inset Formula $\sin$
24552 \begin_inset Formula $\lim$
24560 (you can also insert them in a formula by typing
24567 Standard mathematical practice is that functions are printed upright to
24568 avoid confusions, because
24569 \begin_inset Formula $sin$
24573 \begin_inset Formula $s\cdot i\cdot n$
24579 \begin_layout Standard
24580 Using the function macros will also produce correct spacing around the function:
24582 \begin_inset Formula $a\sin x$
24586 \begin_inset Formula $asinx$
24592 \begin_layout Standard
24593 For some mathematical objects, like limits, the macro changes where subscripts
24594 are placed, as described in section
24595 \begin_inset space ~
24599 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
24601 reference "subsec:Operators-with-Limits"
24608 \begin_layout Subsection
24610 \begin_inset Index idx
24613 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24622 \begin_layout Standard
24623 In a formula you can insert accented characters in the same way as in text
24625 This may depend on your keyboard, or the bindings file you use.
24626 You can also use \SpecialChar LaTeX
24627 commands, for example, to enter
24628 \begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
24631 even if your keyboard doesn't have the circumflex enabled.
24632 Our example is entered by typing
24637 \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
24644 \begin_inset space ~
24648 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
24650 reference "tab:Accent-names-and"
24654 shows the equivalences between the accent names and the commands.
24657 \begin_layout Standard
24658 \begin_inset Float table
24663 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24664 \begin_inset Caption Standard
24666 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24667 \begin_inset CommandInset label
24669 name "tab:Accent-names-and"
24673 Accent names and the corresponding commands.
24681 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24683 \begin_inset Tabular
24684 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
24685 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
24686 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
24687 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
24688 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
24690 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
24693 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24699 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
24702 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24708 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
24711 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24728 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
24731 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24746 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
24749 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24759 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
24762 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24772 \begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
24782 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
24785 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24800 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
24803 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24813 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
24816 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24826 \begin_inset Formula $\grave{a}$
24836 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
24839 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24854 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
24857 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24867 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
24870 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24880 \begin_inset Formula $\acute{a}$
24890 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
24893 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24908 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
24911 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24921 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
24924 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24934 \begin_inset Formula $\ddot{a}$
24944 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
24947 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24962 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
24965 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24975 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
24978 \begin_layout Plain Layout
24988 \begin_inset Formula $\tilde{a}$
24998 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
25001 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25016 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
25019 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25029 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
25032 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25042 \begin_inset Formula $\dot{a}$
25052 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
25055 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25070 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
25073 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25083 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
25086 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25096 \begin_inset Formula $\breve{a}$
25106 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
25109 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25124 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
25127 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25137 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
25140 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25150 \begin_inset Formula $\check{a}$
25160 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
25163 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25178 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
25181 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25191 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
25194 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25204 \begin_inset Formula $\bar{a}$
25214 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
25217 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25223 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
25226 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25236 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
25239 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25249 \begin_inset Formula $\vec{a}$
25270 \begin_layout Standard
25271 You can choose one of the accents by selecting an item from the
25274 \begin_inset space ~
25282 arg "math-insert \\hat"
25285 in the math panel; this will apply to any selection you have made within
25289 \begin_layout Section
25290 Brackets and Delimiters
25291 \begin_inset Index idx
25294 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25301 \begin_inset Index idx
25304 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25311 \begin_inset CommandInset label
25313 name "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
25320 \begin_layout Standard
25321 There are several brackets available through \SpecialChar LyX
25323 For some purposes, using just the keys
25328 But if you want to surround a large structure, like a matrix or a fraction,
25329 or if you have several layers of brackets, it is better to use the math
25330 toolbar delimiter icon
25333 arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
25337 For example, if you construct the brackets around a matrix in this way:
25338 \begin_inset Formula
25340 \left[\begin{array}{cc}
25348 it makes it easier to see the layers of parentheses.
25349 Below, the expression on the left was entered using the delimiter icon
25353 arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
25356 and the expression on the right was entered using the
25362 \begin_inset Formula
25364 \frac{1}{\left(1+\left(\frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{1}{1+x}\right)}\right)\right)}\qquad\qquad\frac{1}{(1+(\frac{1}{1+(\frac{1}{1+x})}))}
25372 \begin_layout Standard
25373 If you use the delimiter icon, the parentheses, and other brackets from
25374 that menu will automatically re-size to accommodate the size of what is
25378 \begin_layout Standard
25379 To construct brackets click on the button for the bracket you want on the
25380 left side and right side.
25381 If you use the option
25384 \begin_inset space ~
25389 , the selected bracket type will be used for the left and the right side.
25390 The selection will be shown as \SpecialChar TeX
25392 If you want one side not to have a bracket, use
25397 It will appear in \SpecialChar LyX
25398 with a dotted line, but nothing will be printed.
25401 \begin_layout Standard
25402 If you want to place brackets around existing math structures, like a square
25403 root, you can do so by first highlighting (selecting) the structure that
25404 is to go inside the brackets.
25405 Then choose the appropriate brackets for left and right and click on
25410 The most common bracket combinations (parentheses, square brackets, and
25411 braces, on both sides) can be entered more quickly using keyboard shortcuts.
25412 For example, to insert a pair of parentheses, select the structure and
25416 arg "math-delim ( )"
25422 \begin_layout Section
25423 Arrays and Multi-line Equations
25424 \begin_inset Index idx
25427 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25434 \begin_inset Index idx
25437 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25444 \begin_inset Index idx
25447 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25448 Math ! Multi-line Equations
25456 \begin_layout Standard
25457 Matrices are entered in \SpecialChar LyX
25461 \begin_inset space ~
25469 arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
25473 It will open a dialog for you to choose the number of rows/columns.
25474 Here is an example:
25475 \begin_inset Formula
25477 \left(\begin{array}{ccc}
25486 The parentheses aren't automatic, but you can add them as described in section
25487 \begin_inset space ~
25491 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
25493 reference "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
25498 When you construct the matrix, you can decide whether the column entries
25499 will be left-, right-, or center-justified.
25500 This alignment is set in the box
25505 \begin_inset Quotes eld
25513 \begin_inset Quotes erd
25517 \begin_inset Quotes eld
25525 \begin_inset Quotes erd
25529 \begin_inset Quotes eld
25537 \begin_inset Quotes erd
25543 \begin_inset Quotes eld
25551 \begin_inset Quotes erd
25554 for every column as default.
25555 For example, the sequence
25556 \begin_inset Quotes eld
25564 \begin_inset Quotes erd
25567 means that the first column will be left-justified, the second will be
25568 centered, and the third column will be right-justified, because each letter
25569 corresponds to the relevant column.
25570 The result will look like this:
25571 \begin_inset Formula
25574 this & this\,column & this\,column\\
25575 column & has & has\,right\\
25576 has\,left\,alignment & center\,alignment & alignment
25585 \begin_layout Standard
25586 You can add more rows to an existing matrix by entering
25589 arg "newline-insert newline"
25592 while the cursor is in the matrix.
25593 Adding or deleting columns can be done via the menu
25595 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
25598 or the math toolbar.
25601 \begin_layout Standard
25602 There are other arrays used in formulas, such as distinctions of cases.
25603 It can be created with the menu
25605 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
25606 Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
25608 \begin_inset space ~
25620 Here is an example:
25621 \begin_inset Formula
25635 \begin_layout Standard
25636 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
25639 Multi-line formulas are created when you press
25642 arg "newline-insert newline"
25646 In an empty formula you can see that three blue boxes appear, one for each
25651 arg "newline-insert newline"
25654 in a non-empty formula, the part before the relation sign (equal sign
25655 \begin_inset Quotes eld
25659 \begin_inset Quotes erd
25662 etc.) will be inserted automatically in the first column, the relation sign
25663 is in the second column, and the rest in the third column.
25664 A new row is created by every further entry of
25667 arg "newline-insert newline"
25671 Multi-line formulas are always displayed formulas.
25672 Here is an example:
25673 \begin_inset Formula
25675 a^{2} & = & (b^{2}+c^{2})(b^{2}-c^{2})\nonumber \\
25676 a & = & \sqrt{b^{4}-c^{4}}\label{eq:asquared}
25681 Note that the middle column is designed for relation signs so structures
25682 in this column will be printed in a smaller size:
25683 \begin_inset Formula
25685 \frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B}
25693 \begin_layout Standard
25694 The multi-line formula type described here is called
25701 There are other multi-line types more suitable for certain situations,
25702 for example if you want a better inter-line spacing than in formula
25703 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
25705 reference "eq:asquared"
25710 The other types are described in section
25711 \begin_inset space ~
25715 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
25717 reference "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
25724 \begin_layout Section
25725 Formula Numbering and Referencing
25726 \begin_inset Index idx
25729 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25730 Math ! Formula numbering
25736 \begin_inset Index idx
25739 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25740 Math ! Referencing formulas
25746 \begin_inset CommandInset label
25748 name "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
25755 \begin_layout Standard
25756 To number a formula, set the cursor in the formula and use the menu
25758 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
25759 Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
25761 \begin_inset space ~
25765 \begin_inset space ~
25773 arg "math-number-toggle"
25777 The formula number appears in \SpecialChar LyX
25778 within parentheses.
25779 The number shown is temporary and may be different when the output is generated.
25780 The placement and format of the formula number in the output depends on
25781 the document class.
25782 In this document the number is printed together with the chapter number,
25783 separated by a dot:
25784 \begin_inset Formula
25794 arg "math-number-toggle"
25797 in a numbered formula will switch off the numbering.
25798 You can only number displayed formulas.
25801 \begin_layout Standard
25802 Multi-line formulas can be numbered line by line: Using the menu
25804 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
25805 Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
25807 \begin_inset space ~
25811 \begin_inset space ~
25819 arg "math-number-line-toggle"
25822 will only toggle the numbering of the line where the cursor is:
25823 \begin_inset Formula
25826 2 & = & 4-2\nonumber \\
25832 To number all lines use the shortcut
25835 arg "math-number-toggle"
25841 \begin_layout Standard
25842 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
25845 Every displayed formula can be referenced by its number using a label.
25846 A label is inserted with the menu
25848 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
25857 ) when the cursor is in the formula.
25858 This opens a dialog to enter the label.
25859 It is recommended that you use the suggested
25860 \begin_inset Quotes eld
25868 \begin_inset Quotes erd
25871 as the first part of the label, because this helps later to identify the
25872 label type when you have many labels in your document.
25873 We inserted in the following example the label
25874 \begin_inset Quotes eld
25878 \begin_inset Quotes erd
25881 in the second line:
25882 \begin_inset Formula
25884 \tanh(x) & = & \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)}\nonumber \\
25885 & = & \frac{\mathrm{e}^{2x}-1}{\mathrm{e}^{2x}+1}\label{eq:tanhExp}
25890 Every labeled line is automatically numbered.
25891 Therefore the label is shown behind the formula number.
25892 You can reference a labeled formula using the menu
25894 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
25896 \begin_inset space ~
25904 arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
25908 A dialog appears to choose a label you want to refer to.
25909 The reference appears in \SpecialChar LyX
25910 as a gray cross-reference box and in the output
25911 as the formula number:
25914 \begin_layout Standard
25915 This is a cross-reference to equation (
25916 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
25918 reference "eq:tanhExp"
25925 \begin_layout Standard
25926 The properties of \SpecialChar LyX
25927 's cross-reference box are described in section
25928 \begin_inset space ~
25932 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
25934 reference "sec:Cross-References"
25939 To delete a label, set the cursor at the end in the labeled formula and
25947 \begin_layout Section
25948 User defined math macros
25949 \begin_inset Index idx
25952 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25961 \begin_layout Standard
25963 allows you to define macros for formulas which is very useful when you
25964 have equations of the same form in a document several times.
25965 Math macros are explained in section
25968 \begin_inset space ~
25980 \begin_layout Section
25984 \begin_layout Subsection
25986 \begin_inset Index idx
25989 \begin_layout Plain Layout
25998 \begin_layout Standard
25999 The standard font for text is italic, for numbers the standard is roman.
26000 To set a font in a formula, use the
26003 \begin_inset space ~
26011 arg "math-insert \\font"
26014 , or enter its command, listed in table
26015 \begin_inset space ~
26019 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
26021 reference "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
26028 \begin_layout Standard
26029 \begin_inset Float table
26034 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26035 \begin_inset Caption Standard
26037 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26038 \begin_inset CommandInset label
26040 name "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
26044 Typefaces and the corresponding commands.
26052 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26054 \begin_inset Tabular
26055 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
26056 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
26057 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
26058 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
26060 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26063 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26069 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26072 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26080 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26083 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26090 \begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$
26098 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26101 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26113 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26116 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26117 \begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$
26125 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26128 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26140 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26143 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26144 \begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$
26152 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26155 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26167 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26170 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26177 \begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$
26185 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26188 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26200 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26203 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26204 \begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}}$
26212 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26215 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26227 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26230 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26231 \begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
26239 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26242 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26254 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26257 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26265 \begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$
26273 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26276 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26288 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26291 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26292 \begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$
26300 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
26303 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26326 \begin_layout Standard
26327 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
26330 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26335 You can only print capital letters in the typefaces
26351 \begin_layout Standard
26352 When you use a typeface, a blue box is inserted in the formula.
26353 Every character in this box will be printed in this typeface.
26358 within the box will set the cursor outside, so that you have to use a protected
26359 space when you need a space in the box.
26360 Here is an example where
26361 \begin_inset Quotes eld
26365 \begin_inset Quotes erd
26372 denotes the set of numbers:
26373 \begin_inset Formula
26375 f(x)=\sqrt{x}\:;\:x\in\mathbb{N}
26383 \begin_layout Standard
26384 The typefaces are nestable, which can cause confusion.
26385 You can, for example, put a character in
26394 \begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{abc\mathfrak{d}e}$
26398 \begin_inset Newline newline
26401 So it is better not to use this feature.
26404 \begin_layout Standard
26405 The typefaces have no effect on Greek letters:
26406 \begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{abc\delta e}$
26410 \begin_inset Newline newline
26413 You can only print them emboldened using the command
26419 , which works like the other typeface commands:
26420 \begin_inset Formula $\alpha\beta\gamma\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma}$
26426 \begin_layout Standard
26433 works for all symbols, letters, and numbers.
26436 \begin_layout Standard
26437 A number of other font options are available as well, in the menu
26439 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
26440 Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
26442 \begin_inset space ~
26450 \begin_layout Subsection
26452 \begin_inset Index idx
26455 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26464 \begin_layout Standard
26465 Typefaces are useful for entering some characters in some given font, but
26467 For typing longer pieces of text use the math text, which is obtained using
26471 \begin_inset space ~
26475 \begin_inset space ~
26483 \begin_inset space ~
26491 arg "math-insert \\font"
26495 Math text appears in \SpecialChar LyX
26496 in black instead of blue.
26497 You can use spaces and accents in math text as in normal text.
26498 Here is an example:
26499 \begin_inset Formula
26502 x & \mbox{if I say so}\\
26503 -x & \mbox{under Umständen}
26512 \begin_layout Subsection
26514 \begin_inset Index idx
26517 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26526 \begin_layout Standard
26527 There are four font styles (relative sizes) used in math-mode, which are
26528 automatically chosen in most situations.
26546 For most characters,
26554 are actually the same size, but fractions, superscripts and subscripts,
26555 and certain other structures, are set larger in
26560 Except for some operators, which resize themselves to accommodate various
26561 situations, all text will be set in the styles that \SpecialChar LaTeX
26562 thinks are appropriate.
26563 These choices can be overridden by using the math panel button
26566 arg "math-insert \\style"
26570 A box for the size will be created in which you can insert the math structure.
26571 For example, you can set
26572 \begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$
26575 , which is normally in
26584 \begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$
26588 The four styles are used in the following example:
26591 \begin_layout Standard
26592 \begin_inset Formula $displaystyle$
26596 \begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle textstyle}$
26600 \begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle scriptstyle}$
26604 \begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle scriptscriptstyle}$
26610 \begin_layout Standard
26611 All these math-mode font sizes are relative so that if the whole math inset
26612 is set in a particular size with the menu
26614 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
26616 \begin_inset space ~
26621 , all sizes in the formula will be adjusted relative to this size.
26622 Similarly, if the base font size of the document is changed, all fonts
26623 will be adjusted to correspond.
26624 As an example here is a formula in the font size
26625 \begin_inset Quotes eld
26629 \begin_inset Quotes erd
26635 \begin_layout Standard
26639 \begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{e}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}$
26645 \begin_layout Section
26646 AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
26648 \begin_inset Index idx
26651 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26658 \begin_inset Index idx
26661 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26670 \begin_layout Standard
26672 supports the packages provided by the American Mathematical Society (AMS)
26673 that are in common use.
26676 \begin_layout Subsection
26677 Enabling AMS-Support
26680 \begin_layout Standard
26681 You can make the facilities of the AMS-packages explicitly available in
26682 the document by selecting the checkbox
26685 \begin_inset space ~
26689 \begin_inset space ~
26693 \begin_inset space ~
26700 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
26704 \begin_inset Index idx
26707 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26708 Document ! Settings
26716 \begin_inset space ~
26722 AMS is needed for many math-constructs; so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
26723 -errors in formulas,
26724 ensure that you have enabled AMS.
26727 \begin_layout Subsection
26729 \begin_inset CommandInset label
26731 name "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
26736 \begin_inset Index idx
26739 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26740 Math ! Multi-line Equations
26748 \begin_layout Standard
26749 AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
26750 provides a selection of different formula types.
26752 allows you to choose between
26773 We refer you to the AMS-documentation,
26774 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
26781 , for an explanation of these formula types.
26784 \begin_layout Chapter
26788 \begin_layout Section
26790 \begin_inset Index idx
26793 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26800 \begin_inset CommandInset label
26802 name "sec:Cross-References"
26809 \begin_layout Standard
26810 One of \SpecialChar LyX
26811 's strengths is cross-references.
26812 You can reference every section, float, footnote, formula, and list in
26814 To reference a document part, you have to insert a label into it.
26815 The label is used as an anchor and a name for the reference.
26816 We want for example to refer to the second item of the following list:
26819 \begin_layout Enumerate
26823 \begin_layout Enumerate
26824 \begin_inset CommandInset label
26826 name "enu:Second-item"
26833 \begin_layout Enumerate
26837 \begin_layout Standard
26838 First we insert a label into the second item with the menu
26840 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
26843 or by pressing the toolbar button
26850 A gray label box like this:
26851 \begin_inset Graphics
26852 filename clipart/label.png
26856 is inserted and the label window pops up asking for the label text.
26858 offers as text the first words of the item with a prefix, in our case
26860 \begin_inset Quotes eld
26868 \begin_inset Quotes erd
26873 \begin_inset Quotes eld
26881 \begin_inset Quotes erd
26885 \begin_inset Quotes eld
26889 \begin_inset Quotes erd
26893 The prefix depends on the document part where the label is inserted; for
26894 example, if you insert a label into a section heading, the suggested prefix
26896 \begin_inset Quotes eld
26904 \begin_inset Quotes erd
26910 \begin_layout Standard
26911 To reference the item, we refer to its label using the menu
26913 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
26916 or the toolbar button
26919 arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
26923 A gray cross-reference box like this:
26924 \begin_inset Graphics
26925 filename clipart/reference.png
26929 is inserted and the cross-reference window appears showing all the labels
26931 We can now sort the labels alphabetically and then choose the entry
26932 \begin_inset Quotes eld
26940 \begin_inset Quotes erd
26944 At the position of the cross-reference box the item number will appear
26948 \begin_layout Standard
26949 As an alternative to
26951 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
26954 , you can right-click on a label and in the popup menu select
26959 The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be pasted
26960 to the actual cursor position via the menu
26962 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
26974 \begin_layout Standard
26975 Here is our cross-reference: Item
26976 \begin_inset space ~
26980 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
26982 reference "enu:Second-item"
26989 \begin_layout Standard
26990 It is recommended to use a protected space
26994 \begin_layout Plain Layout
26995 described in section
26996 \begin_inset space ~
27000 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27002 reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
27011 between the cross-reference name and the cross-reference to avoid ugly
27012 line breaks between them.
27015 \begin_layout Standard
27016 There are eight formats of cross-references:
27019 \begin_layout Description
27020 <reference>: prints the number, this is the default:
27021 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27023 reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
27030 \begin_layout Description
27031 (<reference>): prints the number within two parentheses, this is the style
27032 normally used to reference formulas, especially when the reference name
27034 \begin_inset Quotes eld
27038 \begin_inset Quotes erd
27042 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27044 reference "eq:tanhExp"
27051 \begin_layout Description
27052 <page>: prints the page number: Page
27053 \begin_inset space ~
27057 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27058 LatexCommand pageref
27059 reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
27066 \begin_layout Description
27068 \begin_inset space ~
27072 \begin_inset space ~
27075 <page>: prints the text “on page” and the page number:
27076 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27077 LatexCommand vpageref
27078 reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
27083 \begin_inset Newline newline
27086 If the label is on the same page, it prints “on this page”; if the label
27087 is on a facing page in a two-sided document, it prints “on the facing page”;
27088 if it is on the previous page which is not a facing page, it prints “on
27089 the previous page”; if it is on the next page which is not a facing page,
27090 it prints “on the next page”.
27091 The wording of the printed text also depends on the used document class.
27094 \begin_layout Description
27096 \begin_inset space ~
27100 \begin_inset space ~
27104 \begin_inset space ~
27107 <page>: prints the number, the text “on page” and the page number:
27108 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27110 reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
27115 \begin_inset Newline newline
27118 If the label is on the same page, this format behaves like
27124 ; otherwise it behaves like
27128 \begin_inset space ~
27132 \begin_inset space ~
27141 \begin_layout Description
27143 \begin_inset space ~
27146 reference: prints a self defined cross-reference format.
27147 \begin_inset Newline newline
27151 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
27154 \begin_layout Plain Layout
27159 This feature is only available when you have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
27169 \begin_inset Index idx
27172 \begin_layout Plain Layout
27174 packages ! prettyref
27180 \begin_inset Index idx
27183 \begin_layout Plain Layout
27185 packages ! refstyle
27196 \begin_inset Newline newline
27199 You can select which \SpecialChar LaTeX
27200 -package should be used for this feature by setting
27203 Use refstyle (not prettyref) for cross-references
27207 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
27208 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
27216 is the default and preferred because
27220 supports only English documents.
27221 The format is specified by using the command
27233 (refstyle) in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
27234 preamble of the document.
27235 For example redefining all references to figures (which have the label
27237 \begin_inset Quotes eld
27245 \begin_inset Quotes erd
27253 \begin_inset Newline newline
27260 newref{fig}{refcmd={Image on page
27265 \begin_inset Newline newline
27276 predefines reference formats for all available types.
27277 This is especially true for the wide variety of mathematical `theorem'
27279 So if you want to make formatted references to, say, Propositions, then
27280 you will need to define the relevant format yourself.
27285 , you might do so as follows:
27286 \begin_inset Newline newline
27293 newrefformat{prop}{Proposition
27298 \begin_inset Newline newline
27301 For more information about defining formatted references, have a look at
27302 the package documentation
27303 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
27305 key "prettyref,refstyle"
27311 \begin_inset Newline newline
27322 will be available with formatted references only if you are using the
27329 \begin_layout Description
27331 \begin_inset space ~
27334 reference: prints the caption or the name of the reference:
27335 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27336 LatexCommand nameref
27337 reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
27344 \begin_layout Description
27346 \begin_inset space ~
27349 only: prints only the \SpecialChar LaTeX
27350 label for the reference:
27351 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27352 LatexCommand labelonly
27353 reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
27358 \begin_inset Newline newline
27361 This allows for customization, using \SpecialChar TeX
27362 Code, if you want to issue a command
27363 that \SpecialChar LyX
27369 , then you may want to use the
27372 \begin_inset space ~
27377 option, which will output only the part of the reference following the
27379 \begin_inset Quotes eld
27383 \begin_inset Quotes erd
27387 This is the form needed for e.
27388 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
27392 \begin_inset space \space{}
27399 's range commands.The number and current page of the referenced document
27400 part in the output is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
27402 The varieties are adjusted in the field
27406 of the cross-reference window, that appears when you click on the cross-referen
27410 \begin_layout Standard
27411 You can only use the style
27415 to reference numbered document parts, while the reference style
27419 is always possible.
27422 \begin_layout Standard
27423 If you want to reference a section, put the label in the section heading;
27424 for floats put the label in the caption; for footnotes put the label in
27426 Referencing formulas is explained in section
27427 \begin_inset space ~
27431 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27433 reference "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
27440 \begin_layout Standard
27441 Right-clicking on a cross-reference opens a context menu.
27445 \begin_inset space ~
27449 \begin_inset space ~
27454 sets the cursor before the referenced label.
27455 This entry will be renamed in the context menu of the label to
27458 \begin_inset space ~
27463 so that you can use it to set the cursor back to the cross-reference.
27464 You can also go back with the toolbar button
27467 arg "bookmark-goto 0"
27473 \begin_layout Standard
27474 You can change labels at any time.
27475 References to the changed label will automatically be updated so that you
27476 do not need to think about this.
27479 \begin_layout Standard
27480 If a cross-reference refers to a non-existent label, you will see in \SpecialChar LyX
27482 in the cross-reference label and two question marks in the output instead
27486 \begin_layout Standard
27487 References are described in detail in the section
27488 \begin_inset space ~
27498 \begin_inset space ~
27506 \begin_layout Section
27507 Table of Contents and other Listings
27508 \begin_inset Index idx
27511 \begin_layout Plain Layout
27518 \begin_inset Index idx
27521 \begin_layout Plain Layout
27522 Navigating ! Outline
27528 \begin_inset Index idx
27531 \begin_layout Plain Layout
27538 \begin_inset CommandInset label
27547 \begin_layout Subsection
27549 \begin_inset CommandInset label
27551 name "subsec:Table-of-Contents"
27558 \begin_layout Standard
27559 The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
27561 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
27562 List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
27564 \begin_inset space ~
27568 \begin_inset space ~
27574 It is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
27576 If you click on it, the
27580 window appears, showing you the TOC entries as outline, which allows you
27581 to move and rearrange sections in your documents.
27582 So this operation is an alternative to the menu
27584 View\SpecialChar menuseparator
27586 \begin_inset space ~
27591 that is described in section
27592 \begin_inset space ~
27596 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27598 reference "subsec:The-Outliner"
27605 \begin_layout Standard
27606 The TOC in the document output lists every numbered section automatically.
27607 If you have declared a short title for a section heading, as described
27609 \begin_inset space ~
27613 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27615 reference "sec:Short-Titles"
27619 , it will be used in the TOC instead of the section heading.
27621 \begin_inset space ~
27625 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27627 reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
27631 describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are
27633 Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.
27636 \begin_layout Subsection
27637 List of Figures, Tables, Listings and Algorithms
27638 \begin_inset CommandInset label
27640 name "subsec:List-of-Figures"
27647 \begin_layout Standard
27648 Table, figure, listings and algorithm lists are very much like the table
27650 You can insert them via the
27652 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
27656 The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
27659 \begin_layout Section
27660 URLs and Hyperlinks
27661 \begin_inset Index idx
27664 \begin_layout Plain Layout
27671 \begin_inset Index idx
27674 \begin_layout Plain Layout
27683 \begin_layout Subsection
27685 \begin_inset CommandInset label
27694 \begin_layout Standard
27695 Links to web pages or email addresses can be inserted via the menu
27697 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
27703 \begin_layout Standard
27704 Here is an example URL: \SpecialChar LyX
27706 \begin_inset Flex URL
27709 \begin_layout Plain Layout
27719 \begin_layout Standard
27720 You cannot change the style of the link text, the URL text will always be
27726 To be able to format the URL text, use hyperlinks as explained in the next
27730 \begin_layout Standard
27731 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
27734 \begin_layout Plain Layout
27739 URLs must not end with a backslash, otherwise you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
27748 \begin_layout Subsection
27750 \begin_inset CommandInset label
27752 name "subsec:Hyperlinks"
27759 \begin_layout Standard
27760 Hyperlinks can be inserted with the menu
27762 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
27765 or with the toolbar button
27772 The appearing dialog has two fields:
27781 The name is the printed text for the hyperlink.
27782 The hyperlink type can be a weblink like this:
27783 \begin_inset CommandInset href
27785 name "LyX's homepage"
27786 target "http://www.lyx.org"
27791 , an Email address like this:
27792 \begin_inset CommandInset href
27794 name "lyx-docs mailing list"
27795 target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
27801 , or a link to a file.
27804 \begin_layout Standard
27805 You can start applications via a hyperlink when you insert a weblink by
27807 \begin_inset Quotes eld
27815 \begin_inset Quotes erd
27818 to the link target.
27821 \begin_layout Standard
27822 Hyperlinks will automatically be hyphenated if necessary in the PDF output,
27823 and become clickable in the DVI and PDF-output.
27824 To set the format of the link text, highlight the hyperlink inset and use
27825 the text style dialog.
27826 This is for example a hyperlink with bold sans serif text:
27830 \begin_inset CommandInset href
27832 name "LyX's homepage"
27833 target "http://www.lyx.org"
27841 \begin_layout Standard
27842 The link text color can be changed, when the option
27846 is set in the PDF Properties dialog (menu
27848 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
27849 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
27853 The link text is for example set in this document to blue by adding the
27855 \begin_inset Newline newline
27863 \begin_inset Newline newline
27870 in the PDF Properties dialog.
27873 \begin_layout Section
27875 \begin_inset Index idx
27878 \begin_layout Plain Layout
27885 \begin_inset CommandInset label
27887 name "sec:Appendices"
27894 \begin_layout Standard
27895 Appendices are created with the menu
27897 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
27899 \begin_inset space ~
27903 \begin_inset space ~
27909 This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end
27910 as the appendix part of the book.
27911 This part is marked with a red borderline.
27914 \begin_layout Standard
27915 Every chapter (or section) within the appendix part is treated as an appendix,
27916 numbered with a capital Latin letter.
27917 The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot
27918 and the subsection number.
27919 All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,
27923 \begin_layout Standard
27925 \begin_inset space ~
27929 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27931 reference "chap:Credits"
27936 \begin_inset space ~
27940 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27942 reference "subsec:Export"
27949 \begin_layout Section
27951 \begin_inset Index idx
27954 \begin_layout Plain Layout
27961 \begin_inset CommandInset label
27963 name "sec:Bibliography"
27970 \begin_layout Standard
27971 There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a \SpecialChar LyX
27973 You can include a bibliography database, which is explained in sec.
27974 \begin_inset space ~
27978 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27980 reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
27987 , or you can insert the bibliography manually, using the paragraph environment
27992 , which is described in the following section (but see also sec.
27993 \begin_inset space ~
27997 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
27999 reference "subsec:Biblio_environment"
28004 If you want anything other than the numerical citations that are used in
28005 this document, such as author-year citations, and if you have more than
28006 a handful of references, then you should seriously consider
28010 using a bibliography database.
28013 \begin_layout Standard
28014 In order to demonstrate the difference between these two approaches, we
28015 use two bibliographies in this document, a
28019 environment and a database-generated bibliography.
28020 As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
28021 only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
28022 In other words, the database approach relieves you, amongst other things,
28023 from the burden to check which entries you have actually cited.
28026 \begin_layout Subsection
28027 The Bibliography Environment
28028 \begin_inset CommandInset label
28030 name "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
28037 \begin_layout Standard
28042 environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled
28044 If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
28053 The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
28055 Each entry needs to be given a unique key, which is one word consisting
28056 of ASCII characters only.
28060 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28062 \begin_inset CommandInset href
28065 target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set"
28071 \begin_inset Newline newline
28075 \begin_inset Flex URL
28078 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28080 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
28092 For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about \SpecialChar LaTeX
28095 \begin_inset Quotes eld
28099 \begin_inset Quotes erd
28102 , a short form of its title, as the key.
28105 \begin_layout Standard
28106 You can cross-reference a bibliography entry using the menu
28108 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
28111 or the toolbar button
28114 arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
28118 A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear
28119 containing the available citations.
28120 Select one or more keys from the list and
28130 The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key(s).
28131 If you click on the box, the citation window will appear and you can change
28135 \begin_layout Standard
28136 Citation references appear in the output as the number of the bibliography
28137 entry with surrounding brackets.
28142 for the entry, the label will appear instead of the number.
28143 Here are two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
28145 \begin_inset Quotes eld
28149 \begin_inset Quotes erd
28155 \begin_layout Standard
28159 Companion Second Edition
28162 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
28164 key "latexcompanion"
28172 \begin_layout Standard
28173 The \SpecialChar LyX
28174 -Team members are listed in the Credits:
28175 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
28185 \begin_layout Standard
28186 You can also produce author-year or author-number citations, using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
28193 \begin_inset Index idx
28196 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28204 In order to do so, the label needs to be given the form
28205 \begin_inset Quotes eld
28209 \begin_inset Quotes erd
28213 \begin_inset Quotes eld
28216 Author A and Author B(Year)
28217 \begin_inset Quotes erd
28224 a blank between the author(s) and the opening parenthesis that delimits
28226 Then, if you select
28229 \begin_inset space ~
28234 in the document settings
28235 \begin_inset Index idx
28238 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28239 Document ! Settings
28246 Bibliography\SpecialChar menuseparator
28248 \begin_inset space ~
28254 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
28256 reference "subsec:Citation-Format"
28263 ), you can select between different author-year or author-number styles.
28266 \begin_layout Standard
28267 To align all entries in the bibliography environment you can set a longest
28270 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
28272 \begin_inset space ~
28280 arg "layout-paragraph"
28284 All entries are then indented in the output by the width of the given label.
28287 \begin_layout Subsection
28288 Bibliography databases
28289 \begin_inset Index idx
28292 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28293 Bibliography ! Databases
28299 \begin_inset CommandInset label
28301 name "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
28308 \begin_layout Standard
28309 Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same references in different
28314 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28315 They are also useful for keeping a database of articles and notes concerning
28317 Most of the database programs mentioned below allow you to store annotations
28318 and reviews along with bibliographical information.
28323 It also makes it very easy to have a uniform layout for all bibliography
28325 You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of
28326 your working field in a database.
28327 This database can be used for different documents, and by default only
28328 the entries cited in a particular document will appear in the bibliography
28329 list for that document.
28330 This relieves you of the need to keep track of which articles and books
28334 \begin_layout Standard
28335 The database is a text file with the file extension
28336 \begin_inset Quotes eld
28344 \begin_inset Quotes erd
28347 , containing the bibliography in a special format.
28348 The format is explained in
28349 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
28356 and in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
28358 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
28360 key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
28366 The file can be created using any text editor, but normally one uses a
28367 special program to create and edit the entries in the database.
28368 A list of such programs is maintained on the \SpecialChar LyX
28370 \begin_inset Flex URL
28373 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28375 http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
28383 \begin_layout Standard
28385 supports two different approaches to use bibliography databases in a document.
28386 Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28387 is the classic technique that has been the only way to use such databases
28389 It is quite established and mature and there is a huge range of existing
28391 But it has its drawbacks, especially when it comes to more complex bibliographi
28392 c needs and support for specific languages and scripts.
28393 Those are addressed by
28398 \begin_inset Index idx
28401 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28403 packages ! biblatex
28409 It reads the same database format than Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28410 (although it has been significantly
28411 extended beyond Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28416 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28421 can handle any classic Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28422 database, Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28423 might conversely fail to correctly
28424 handle databases that use specific
28433 , but it uses a different framework to generate citations and references
28437 \begin_layout Standard
28438 To select if Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28443 should be used, set in the document settings (menu
28445 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
28449 \begin_inset Index idx
28452 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28453 Document ! Settings
28465 \begin_inset space ~
28470 to a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28478 \begin_layout Subsubsection
28479 Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28481 \begin_inset Index idx
28484 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28485 Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28494 \begin_layout Standard
28495 To access a database via Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28498 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
28503 TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
28505 \begin_inset space ~
28511 A window will appear in which you can add one or more databases and select
28512 a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28520 Add bibliography to TOC
28522 adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.
28527 drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
28528 in the document or just the cited references.
28531 \begin_layout Standard
28532 The Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28533 style file is a text file with the file extension
28534 \begin_inset Quotes eld
28542 \begin_inset Quotes erd
28545 that controls how the bibliography entries will appear.
28546 Your \SpecialChar LaTeX
28547 distribution should provide several of these, and many publishers
28548 provide their own style files, so that you don't have to take care of the
28550 It is of course possible to write your own style file, but this is something
28555 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28556 For information on how this is done, have a look at
28557 \begin_inset Newline newline
28561 \begin_inset CommandInset href
28563 target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
28573 In this document we used the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28578 , which provides an alpha-numeric style in accordance with the German Standards
28582 \begin_layout Standard
28583 Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.
28586 \begin_layout Subsubsection
28588 \begin_inset Index idx
28591 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28592 Bibliography ! Biblatex
28598 \begin_inset Index idx
28601 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28603 packages ! biblatex
28611 \begin_layout Standard
28612 Accessing a database via
28616 is almost identical to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28619 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
28624 TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
28626 \begin_inset space ~
28632 In contrary to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28633 you cannot select a
28638 The other dialog options are the same as with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28642 \begin_layout Standard
28647 has two different style files: a bibliography style file (text file with
28649 \begin_inset Quotes eld
28657 \begin_inset Quotes erd
28660 ) controls how the bibliography entries will look like and a citation style
28661 file (text file with the file extension
28662 \begin_inset Quotes eld
28670 \begin_inset Quotes erd
28673 ) controls the look of the citation references in the text.
28674 Usually such style files come in pairs and it makes sense to use matching
28676 It is nevertheless possible to mix any citation style with any bibliography
28680 \begin_layout Standard
28685 styles are not set in the
28688 \begin_inset space ~
28693 dialog, but in the document settings.
28694 \begin_inset Index idx
28697 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28698 Document ! Settings
28703 However, in the dialog in the
28707 field, which is only visible if you use
28711 , you can enter options that determine how the bibliography is printed (for
28712 example how its heading will appear).
28713 These options are deescribed in detail in the
28718 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
28728 \begin_layout Standard
28729 Inserting a citation reference works as described in section
28730 \begin_inset space ~
28734 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
28736 reference "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
28746 \begin_layout Subsubsection
28747 Bibliography Processors
28750 \begin_layout Standard
28751 To generate the bibliography from a database, \SpecialChar LyX
28752 uses a bibliography processor,
28753 that is an external program that reads the database, sorts the citations
28754 and processes the data in a way it can be included in the document.
28755 The classic program is called Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28757 It has the advantage that it is very mature and widespread, but the disadvantag
28758 e that it has severe limitations, due to its age.
28761 \begin_layout Standard
28762 Meanwhile, some alternatives have been developed that address some of these
28764 LyX natively supports some of them and lets you select a custom processor.
28765 You can do this on a general level in
28767 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
28768 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
28769 Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
28772 or for individual documents in
28774 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
28775 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
28779 The following variants are available by default:
28782 \begin_layout Description
28783 biber a specific, modern processor
28784 \begin_inset Index idx
28787 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28794 developed exclusively for
28798 (it does not work with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28804 provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory and many specific features
28809 makes use of; if you use the
28813 approach, it is strongly recommended to use
28820 \begin_layout Description
28821 bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
28822 that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works
28823 with all bibliography packages, although it will probably fail with
28827 bibliographies due to the limited memory.
28830 \begin_layout Description
28831 bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding
28832 (but no Unicode support), larger memory than
28836 , works with all bibliography packages, although more complex
28840 bibliographies will exceed its limits, and not all
28844 features are supported.
28847 \begin_layout Standard
28848 By default (with the
28854 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
28855 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
28868 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
28869 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
28870 Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
28873 ), \SpecialChar LyX
28874 selects an appropriate (available) processor for the current bibliography
28887 for Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28888 -based bibliography styles).
28889 This should suit most needs.
28892 \begin_layout Standard
28893 In Japanese documents, a specific processor is used.
28894 By default this is pBib\SpecialChar TeX
28895 (in \SpecialChar LyX
28900 ), a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28901 variant specifically aimed at Japanese.
28902 You can adjust it in
28904 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
28905 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
28906 Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
28912 \begin_layout Standard
28913 Selected bibliography processors can be controlled with options that you
28914 can add below the selection.
28915 Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual
28916 of Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28922 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
28932 \begin_layout Subsubsection
28936 \begin_layout Standard
28938 supports some specific tasks such as sectioned bibliographies and multiple
28940 These are explained in detail in section
28942 Customizing Bibliographies
28946 with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
28951 Additional Features
28956 \begin_layout Subsection
28958 \begin_inset Index idx
28961 \begin_layout Plain Layout
28962 Bibliography ! Citation format
28968 \begin_inset CommandInset label
28970 name "subsec:Citation-Format"
28977 \begin_layout Standard
28978 Many different citation formats are common, e.
28979 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
28983 \begin_inset space \space{}
28986 numerical citation (as
28987 \begin_inset Quotes eld
28991 \begin_inset Quotes erd
28994 like in this document), alpha-numerical citations (as
28995 \begin_inset Quotes eld
28999 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29002 ) or author-year citations (as
29003 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29007 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29012 supports these formats via specific citation packages and their style
29016 \begin_layout Standard
29017 By default a simple numeric citation style is used.
29020 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
29021 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
29025 \begin_inset Index idx
29028 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29029 Document ! Settings
29034 you have a range of other options, depending on your preferred bibliography
29040 environment your only choice besides manual formatting of the bibliography
29041 labels, is there to use
29044 \begin_inset space ~
29055 \begin_inset space ~
29060 which gives you author-year and author-numerical citations (see above
29061 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
29063 reference "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
29070 \begin_layout Standard
29071 With a bibliography database (see
29072 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
29074 reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
29081 ) one has in contrary to the
29085 environment full access to the formatting styles.
29086 These style formats are available:
29089 \begin_layout Description
29091 \begin_inset space ~
29094 (BibTeX) the default Bib\SpecialChar TeX
29095 -based approached without any additional packages
29096 (simple numeric citations).
29099 \begin_layout Description
29100 Biblatex loads the package
29105 \begin_inset Index idx
29108 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29110 packages ! biblatex
29115 and lets you select a style in the dropdown boxes
29117 Biblatex citation style
29121 Biblatex bibliography style
29124 Options to the package
29128 can be entered in the
29135 \begin_layout Description
29137 \begin_inset space ~
29141 \begin_inset space ~
29144 mode) loads the package
29148 with the natbib compatibility mode.
29149 This is a specific variant for users who switch an existing document that
29161 behavior very closely.
29166 this option has some additional styles.
29171 styles are also supported by this variant.
29174 \begin_layout Description
29176 \begin_inset space ~
29179 (BibTeX) loads the package
29184 \begin_inset Index idx
29187 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29194 which provides author-year styles particularly suited for law studies.
29197 \begin_layout Description
29199 \begin_inset space ~
29202 (BibTeX) loads the package
29207 \begin_inset Index idx
29210 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29217 which provides citation styles particularly suited for the humanities.
29220 \begin_layout Standard
29229 style formats provide the choice between author-year and author-numerical
29231 You have to select one style in the dropdown box
29240 formats, this only affects the appearance in the \SpecialChar LyX
29242 Whether the output uses numerical, author-year or another format such as
29243 alpha-numerical depends only on the selected
29245 Biblatex citation style
29248 However, when switching between Author-year and Author-number, a suitable
29254 , on the other hand, the dialog selection will ultimately determine the
29258 \begin_layout Standard
29259 For any author-year and author-numerical selection, multiple style variants
29260 are available in the
29265 Some selections also provide further options like the option to uppercase
29266 a name prefix such as
29267 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29271 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29275 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29279 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29282 ) or to expand or reduce the number of displayed others (i.
29283 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
29287 \begin_inset space \space{}
29291 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29295 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29302 \begin_layout Standard
29303 In the citation dialog you can also set text to appear after a citation
29305 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
29309 page numbers, which will then be formatted according to the style's needs
29311 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
29316 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29320 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29324 Here is a simple example where the text
29325 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29329 \begin_inset space ~
29333 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29336 appears after the reference:
29339 \begin_layout Quote
29341 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
29344 key "latexcompanion"
29352 \begin_layout Standard
29353 All styles except for
29357 also provide the feature to add text that precedes the reference (such
29359 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29363 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29367 This text is then also included in the parentheses, if the style requires
29371 \begin_layout Standard
29372 Note that these pre- and postnotes apply to the whole citation.
29373 So if you refer to multiple references at once, the prenote will precede
29374 the first citation in the list, the postnote will follow the last.
29379 styles allow to add pre- and postnotes to any individual reference in a
29380 multi-citation (so-called
29381 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29384 qualified citation lists
29385 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29391 If you use such a style and if the current reference includes multiple
29396 dialog will display three columns in the field
29403 \begin_inset space ~
29411 \begin_inset space ~
29419 \begin_inset space ~
29425 If you double-click on an item's
29428 \begin_inset space ~
29436 \begin_inset space ~
29441 field, you can add such individual pre- and postnotes.
29444 General text before
29450 fields you can add pre- and postnotes that apply to the whole list.
29453 \begin_layout Section
29455 \begin_inset Index idx
29458 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29465 \begin_inset CommandInset label
29474 \begin_layout Standard
29475 An index entry is created if you use the menu
29477 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
29479 \begin_inset space ~
29484 or the toolbar button
29491 A box is inserted containing the text that appears in the index.
29492 The word where the cursor is in or the currently highlighted text is proposed
29493 by \SpecialChar LyX
29494 as the index entry.
29497 \begin_layout Standard
29498 The index list is inserted in the document with the menu
29500 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
29501 List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
29503 \begin_inset space ~
29509 A light blue box labeled
29510 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29518 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29521 will show the place where the index is printed in the output.
29522 The index list box is not clickable like other \SpecialChar LyX
29526 \begin_layout Standard
29527 We give a short overview of the index commands in the next subsections.
29528 For a detailed description of \SpecialChar LaTeX
29529 's index mechanism, have a look at one of
29530 the \SpecialChar LaTeX
29532 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
29534 key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
29542 \begin_layout Subsection
29543 Grouping Index Entries
29544 \begin_inset Index idx
29547 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29556 \begin_layout Standard
29557 Index entries are often grouped to offer the reader a fast search in the
29559 We want to group for example the index entries for itemized and enumerated
29560 lists under the entry
29561 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29565 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29569 First we create the entry
29570 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29574 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29578 \begin_inset space ~
29582 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
29584 reference "subsec:Lists"
29589 In the text field for the itemized list index entry in section
29590 \begin_inset space ~
29594 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
29596 reference "sec:Itemize"
29600 , we insert the command
29603 \begin_layout Standard
29609 \begin_layout Standard
29613 \begin_layout Standard
29619 \begin_layout Standard
29620 for the enumerated list in section
29621 \begin_inset space ~
29625 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
29627 reference "sec:Enumerate"
29634 \begin_layout Standard
29635 The exclamation mark
29636 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29640 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29643 marks the grouping levels.
29644 You can have three levels; every index level is indented a bit more.
29645 An index entry for the higher levels is not required.
29646 If we don't have an index entry for
29647 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29651 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29654 , it will be printed anyway, but without a page number.
29657 \begin_layout Subsection
29659 \begin_inset Index idx
29662 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29663 Index ! Page ranges
29671 \begin_layout Standard
29672 Normally an index entry will appear with the page number of the indexed
29674 But sometimes you want to index more pages under the same entry.
29675 For example, if we want to index the paragraph environments, we create
29676 an index entry in section
29677 \begin_inset space ~
29681 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
29683 reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
29690 \begin_layout Standard
29693 Paragraph environments|(
29696 \begin_layout Standard
29697 and another entry at the end of section
29698 \begin_inset space ~
29702 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
29704 reference "subsec:LyX-Code"
29711 \begin_layout Standard
29714 Paragraph environments|)
29717 \begin_layout Standard
29719 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29727 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29731 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29739 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29742 respectively start and end the index range.
29743 You can also add the same index entry at different places in the document.
29744 They appear in the output under one entry with a comma separated list of
29745 the pages of the indexed document parts.
29746 An example is the index entry
29747 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29750 Document ! Settings
29751 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29757 \begin_layout Subsection
29759 \begin_inset Index idx
29762 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29763 Index ! Cross referencing
29771 \begin_layout Standard
29772 It is also possible to refer to another index entry.
29773 We referred for example in the index entry
29774 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29778 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29782 \begin_inset space ~
29786 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
29788 reference "subsec:Image-Formats"
29792 ) to the index entry
29793 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29797 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29800 in the same section using the entry
29803 \begin_layout Standard
29806 GIF|see{Image formats}
29809 \begin_layout Standard
29810 where the braces have to be inserted as \SpecialChar TeX
29812 The text within the braces is the referenced entry.
29813 The reference will appear in the output without a page number.
29816 \begin_layout Subsection
29818 \begin_inset Index idx
29821 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29822 Index ! Entry order
29830 \begin_layout Standard
29831 If you use accented characters in the index entry the entries might not
29832 follow the rules for the index order.
29833 The index entries are sorted alphabetically but \SpecialChar LaTeX
29838 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29839 The index generating is done in the background by an extra program, see
29841 \begin_inset space ~
29845 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
29847 reference "subsec:Index-Program"
29856 does not know how to sort accents in different languages.
29857 We have created as an example the three dummy index entries
29858 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29862 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29866 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29870 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29874 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29878 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29882 \begin_inset Index idx
29885 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29886 Dummy entries ! maïs
29892 \begin_inset Index idx
29895 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29896 Dummy entries ! maître
29902 \begin_inset Index idx
29905 \begin_layout Plain Layout
29906 Dummy entries ! maïs@maison
29911 They will be sorted in the order maïs, maître, maison but we want the order
29912 maïs, maison, maître.
29913 To achieve this, we use the command
29916 \begin_layout Standard
29919 previous entry@current entry
29922 \begin_layout Standard
29923 In our case we want to have
29924 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29928 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29932 \begin_inset Quotes eld
29936 \begin_inset Quotes erd
29939 and write therefore for the index entry of maison:
29942 \begin_layout Standard
29948 \begin_layout Standard
29949 The previous entry need not be a real existing entry.
29950 You can also use another word to tell \SpecialChar LaTeX
29952 See the next subsection for an example.
29955 \begin_layout Standard
29956 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
29962 \begin_layout Standard
29963 In some cases the index entry order is not correct when you are using the
29968 to generate the index (see section
29969 \begin_inset space ~
29973 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
29975 reference "subsec:Index-Program"
29984 would for example print the index entry for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
29985 -package aeguill in section
29986 \begin_inset space ~
29990 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
29992 reference "subsec:Document-Font"
29996 after the index entries of the other \SpecialChar LaTeX
29997 -packages although all these index
29998 commands start with
29999 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30008 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30012 The reason is that the index entry for aeguill is in a footnote.
30017 bug, add these commands to the preamble of your document:
30020 \begin_layout Standard
30032 \begin_layout Standard
30044 \begin_layout Subsection
30046 \begin_inset Index idx
30049 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30050 Index ! Entry layout
30058 \begin_layout Standard
30059 You can change the appearance of index entries via the text style dialog.
30060 \begin_inset Index idx
30063 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30066 This is an italic dummy entry
30071 You can also format the page number using the character
30072 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30076 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30079 followed by a \SpecialChar LaTeX
30080 -command without a backslash.
30081 We can write for example
30084 \begin_layout Standard
30087 italic page number:|textit
30090 \begin_layout Standard
30091 to get the page number in italic.
30092 \begin_inset Index idx
30095 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30096 Dummy entries ! italic page number:|textit
30101 Normally all \SpecialChar LaTeX
30102 -commands begin with a backslash, but in this special case
30104 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30112 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30120 \begin_inset space ~
30126 Have a look at section
30127 \begin_inset space ~
30131 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
30133 reference "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
30137 to learn more about the \SpecialChar LaTeX
30141 \begin_layout Standard
30142 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
30145 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30150 Formatting single index entries only works when you use the program
30154 to generate the index, see section
30155 \begin_inset space ~
30159 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
30161 reference "subsec:Index-Program"
30170 , this will not work for anything other than bold or italic text.
30175 requires you to define semantic elements before they can be used, see
30176 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
30179 key "latexcompanion"
30192 \begin_layout Standard
30193 In general, we encourage you to not format page numbers directly as shown
30195 Instead, you should define a macro in the preamble and use that.
30196 Maybe you want all page references italic that refer to a definition of
30197 the indexed term, so that users can easily find definitions.
30198 If so, put the following in the preamble
30201 \begin_layout Standard
30213 \begin_layout Standard
30217 \begin_layout Standard
30223 \begin_layout Standard
30224 in the index entry.
30225 \begin_inset Index idx
30228 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30229 Dummy entries ! my entry|IndexDef
30234 The advantage is that, if you change your mind later or if your publisher
30235 insists that definitions must not be italic but bold, you just need to
30236 change the macro in the preamble, not every single index entry.
30239 \begin_layout Standard
30240 You can also change the layout for the whole index.
30241 For example, we marked the index list box of this document as bold to get
30242 a bold font for all index entries.
30243 For more advanced tasks you have to set up a so-called
30255 documentation for details,
30256 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
30258 key "makeindex,xindy"
30266 \begin_layout Subsection
30268 \begin_inset Index idx
30271 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30278 \begin_inset CommandInset label
30280 name "subsec:Index-Program"
30287 \begin_layout Standard
30288 If the index generation program
30292 is installed, \SpecialChar LyX
30293 uses it for index generation; otherwise the program
30297 , the program that is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
30298 distribution, is used.
30302 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30307 is very old, no longer under development and has many pitfalls, notably
30308 that it was developed with only the English language in mind.
30309 So it fails to sort anything other than a monolingual English text correctly.
30310 We have shown above how to fix this sorting.
30311 However, if you are writing in another than the English language, consider
30321 Both programs can be controlled by options that can be set in \SpecialChar LyX
30323 dialog, see section
30324 \begin_inset space ~
30328 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
30330 reference "subsec:LaTeX-settings"
30335 The available options are listed and explained in
30336 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
30338 key "makeindex-man,xindy"
30344 In this dialog, you can also specify an alternative program to generate
30348 \begin_layout Standard
30349 If you need specific options or an alternative index program only for a
30350 given document, you can define the program and\SpecialChar breakableslash
30353 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
30354 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
30358 This is especially useful if you need to pass language-specific options
30359 to the index program or if you need a specific layout style.
30362 \begin_layout Subsection
30366 \begin_layout Standard
30367 In many fields it is common to have more than one index.
30368 For instance, you might need to set up a separate
30369 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30373 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30376 next to the standard index.
30378 does not provide this possibility out of the box, but there are packages
30379 that add this feature.
30386 \begin_inset Index idx
30389 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30391 packages ! splitidx
30396 package to generate multiple indexes.
30397 The package is included in all recent \SpecialChar LaTeX
30402 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30403 If yours does not ship it, consult the \SpecialChar TeX
30405 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
30413 Note that the package does not only consist of a \SpecialChar LaTeX
30414 style, but it also includes
30415 specific preprocessor programs that need to be installed as well.
30416 Please consult the package's manual for details.
30424 \begin_layout Standard
30425 To set up \SpecialChar LyX
30426 for the use of multiple indexes, go to
30428 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
30429 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
30432 and select the option
30434 Use multiple Indexes
30441 already contains the standard index
30442 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30446 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30450 To add further indexes, add the name of the index (in the form that should
30451 also appear as a heading) to the
30455 input field and press the
30460 The new index now also appears in the list.
30461 If you like, you can attribute an alternative \SpecialChar LyX
30462 label color to the new index.
30465 \begin_layout Standard
30466 Once the document changes have been applied, you can find the new index
30469 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
30476 menu has a separate entry for each of the defined indexes.
30477 The workflow is basically the same as for the default index, but there
30478 are additional features:
30481 \begin_layout Itemize
30482 If you want to change the attribution of a specific index entry, right-clicking
30483 on the entry's label will open a dialog where you can do that.
30486 \begin_layout Itemize
30487 By right-clicking on an index, you can change its type.
30488 Furthermore, you can specify an index to be a
30489 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30493 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30496 If you do that, the heading of that list will be decreased by one level.
30497 For example, if you use a book class, where the standard index heading
30498 is defined as a chapter, subindexes will be defined as sections and can
30499 thus be nested to the non-subindexes.
30502 \begin_layout Section
30503 Nomenclature/Glossary
30504 \begin_inset Index idx
30507 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30514 \begin_inset Index idx
30517 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30522 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30533 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30546 \begin_inset CommandInset label
30548 name "sec:Nomenclature"
30555 \begin_layout Standard
30556 Sometimes you need to provide a list of technical terms or symbols that
30557 are mentioned in your document with a brief explanation of them – a so
30558 called nomenclature or glossary.
30561 \begin_layout Standard
30562 To be able to create nomenclatures or glossaries, you need the \SpecialChar LaTeX
30569 \begin_inset Index idx
30572 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30580 You find it in the \SpecialChar TeX
30582 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
30589 or in the package manager of your \SpecialChar LaTeX
30593 \begin_layout Standard
30594 A nomenclature entry is created if you place the cursor after a symbol entry
30595 and then use the menu
30597 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
30603 \begin_inset space ~
30608 or the toolbar button
30611 arg "nomencl-insert"
30616 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30624 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30627 is inserted and a window pops up asking for the nomenclature entry.
30630 \begin_layout Standard
30631 A nomenclature entry consists of two main entries.
30632 The first is the term or
30636 that you wish to define.
30641 of the term or symbol.
30644 \begin_layout Standard
30645 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
30648 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30653 You have to enter valid \SpecialChar LaTeX
30654 -code for all fields of the nomenclature dialog.
30662 \begin_layout Subsection
30663 Nomenclature Definition and Layout
30664 \begin_inset Index idx
30667 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30668 Nomenclature ! Layout
30676 \begin_layout Standard
30677 If you have symbols in formulas, you have to define them in the
30681 field as \SpecialChar LaTeX
30684 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30688 \begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
30692 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30696 \begin_inset Newline newline
30704 \begin_inset Newline newline
30710 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30714 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30717 character starts/ends the formula.
30718 The \SpecialChar LaTeX
30719 -command for the Greek letter is the name of the letter beginning with
30721 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30727 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30731 For capital Greek letters, start the command also with a capital letter,
30741 \begin_layout Standard
30742 (A short introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
30743 -syntax is given in section
30744 \begin_inset space ~
30748 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
30750 reference "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
30757 \begin_layout Standard
30761 \begin_inset space ~
30766 dialog to format the description text; you have to use \SpecialChar LaTeX
30768 For example the description of the nomenclature entry for the
30769 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30773 \begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
30777 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30780 in this document is:
30781 \begin_inset Newline newline
30786 dummy entry for the character
30791 \begin_inset Newline newline
30803 \begin_inset space ~
30813 font use the command
30842 \begin_layout Standard
30843 To customize the appearance of all symbols add e.
30844 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
30848 \begin_inset space \space{}
30852 \begin_inset Newline newline
30868 \begin_inset Newline newline
30871 to the LaTeX preamble in the document settings.
30872 This command will make the font of all symbols
30879 \begin_inset space ~
30887 \begin_layout Standard
30888 If the characters |
30889 \begin_inset space \space{}
30893 \begin_inset space \space{}
30897 \begin_inset space \space{}
30901 \begin_inset space \space{}
30905 \begin_inset space \space{}
30908 should appear in nomenclature entries they need to be escaped by adding
30909 a quote character in front of them.
30910 \begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
30911 LatexCommand nomenclature
30912 symbol "\"@, \"|, \"!, \"\""
30913 description "The quote sign is output by writing ‘ \"\"\"\" '"
30921 \begin_layout Subsection
30922 Sort Order of Nomenclature Entries
30923 \begin_inset Index idx
30926 \begin_layout Plain Layout
30927 Nomenclature ! Sort order
30935 \begin_layout Standard
30936 The nomenclature entries are sorted alphabetically by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
30937 -code of the symbol
30939 This leads to undesired results when you, for example, have symbols in
30941 Suppose you have nomenclature entries for the symbols
30944 \begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
30945 LatexCommand nomenclature
30947 description "dummy entry for the character \"a\""
30955 \begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
30959 \begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
30960 LatexCommand nomenclature
30963 description "dummy entry for the character \\textsf{sigma}"
30969 They will be sorted by
30970 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30978 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30982 \begin_inset Quotes eld
30992 \begin_inset Quotes erd
30996 \begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
30999 will be sorted before the
31003 since the character
31004 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31008 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31011 is considered in sorting.
31014 \begin_layout Standard
31015 To control the sort order, you can edit the
31018 \begin_inset space ~
31023 field of the nomenclature dialog.
31024 Then the nomenclature entry will be sorted by this entry and not the symbol
31026 For the example given, you can insert
31030 in this field for the
31031 \begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
31038 will be located before
31039 \begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
31045 \begin_layout Standard
31046 For subgrouping and tips for using sort entries see the
31051 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
31061 \begin_layout Subsection
31062 Nomenclature Options
31063 \begin_inset Index idx
31066 \begin_layout Plain Layout
31067 Nomenclature ! Options
31075 \begin_layout Standard
31080 package offers some options to adjust the appearance of the nomenclature.
31081 Here are some of its options; for more have a look at its documentation:
31084 \begin_layout Description
31085 refeq Appends the phrase
31086 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31098 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31101 to every nomenclature entry, where
31107 is the number of the last equation in front of the nomenclature entry
31110 \begin_layout Description
31111 refpage Appends the phrase
31112 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31124 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31127 to every nomenclature entry, where
31133 is the number of the page on which the nomenclature entry appeared
31136 \begin_layout Description
31137 intoc Inserts the nomenclature in the Table of Contents
31140 \begin_layout Standard
31141 To use one or more of the options, add them to the comma-separated document
31142 class options list in the
31144 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
31148 In this document the options
31155 \begin_layout Standard
31156 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
31162 \begin_layout Standard
31163 You can also use the first two options above only for certain nomenclature
31164 entries when you add one of the following commands as last entry to the
31169 field in the nomenclature dialog:
31172 \begin_layout Description
31182 \begin_layout Description
31185 nomrefpage Like the
31192 \begin_layout Description
31195 nomrefeqpage Short notation of
31204 \begin_layout Description
31208 \begin_inset space ~
31214 \begin_inset space ~
31219 nomnorefeqpage Turns off the corresponding options
31222 \begin_layout Standard
31224 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31228 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31231 are automatically translated for some document languages.
31232 If not, add these lines to your \SpecialChar LaTeX
31236 \begin_layout Standard
31244 eqdeclaration}[1]{, see equation
31247 \begin_inset Newline newline
31254 pagedeclaration}[1]{, page
31259 \begin_inset Newline newline
31263 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31267 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31271 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31275 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31278 by their translation.
31281 \begin_layout Subsection
31282 Printing the Nomenclature
31283 \begin_inset Index idx
31286 \begin_layout Plain Layout
31287 Nomenclature ! Printing
31295 \begin_layout Standard
31296 To print the nomenclature, use the menu
31298 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
31299 Lists/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
31304 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31312 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31315 will show the place where the nomenclature is printed in the output.
31316 By right-clicking on it, the amount of space for symbols can be altered.
31317 You can choose between these settings:
31320 \begin_layout Description
31321 Default a space of 1
31322 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
31328 \begin_layout Description
31330 \begin_inset space ~
31334 \begin_inset space ~
31337 width the width of the widest symbol of all nomenclature entries is used
31340 \begin_layout Description
31341 Custom custom space
31344 \begin_layout Standard
31345 In the printed output the title of the nomenclature appears as
31346 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31350 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31354 If you are not happy with the name, you can change it by redefining the
31362 For example, in order to change the name to
31366 , add the following line to the preamble:
31369 \begin_layout Standard
31377 nomname}{List of Symbols}
31380 \begin_layout Subsection
31381 Nomenclature Program
31382 \begin_inset Index idx
31385 \begin_layout Plain Layout
31386 Nomenclature ! Program
31392 \begin_inset CommandInset label
31394 name "subsec:Nomenclature-Program"
31401 \begin_layout Standard
31407 , that is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
31408 distribution, to generate the nomenclature.
31410 's preferences dialog allows you to specify another program or to control
31415 by adding options, see section
31416 \begin_inset space ~
31420 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
31422 reference "subsec:LaTeX-settings"
31427 The available options are listed and explained in
31428 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
31430 key "nomencl,makeindex"
31438 \begin_layout Section
31440 \begin_inset Index idx
31443 \begin_layout Plain Layout
31450 \begin_inset Index idx
31453 \begin_layout Plain Layout
31454 Document ! Branches
31460 \begin_inset CommandInset label
31462 name "sec:Branches"
31469 \begin_layout Standard
31470 Sometimes it is useful to hide some document parts in the output.
31471 For example a teacher who is setting an exam obviously doesn't want the
31472 pupils to see the answers, but having questions and answers in the same
31473 document will make the life of the markers of that exam much easier.
31476 \begin_layout Standard
31477 For these cases \SpecialChar LyX
31478 allows you to put text into branches.
31479 The text will then only appear in the output when its branch is activated.
31480 To create a branch, either select the menu
31482 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
31483 Branch\SpecialChar menuseparator
31486 (if you just want to specify a new branch) or go in the
31488 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
31495 , where you can specify and change the name of the branch, its activation
31496 state (whether the content of the branch is shown in the output or not),
31497 its background color inside \SpecialChar LyX
31498 and whether the name of the branch should
31499 be appended to the document file name on export if the branch is active
31500 (see below for an example).
31501 Furthermore, the dialog lets you merge two branches (just rename one branch
31502 to the name of the other) and to add
31503 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31507 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31511 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
31515 \begin_inset space ~
31518 branches that were added to the document via copy and paste from other documents
31519 , without having been defined) to the document's branch list.
31522 \begin_layout Standard
31523 Text that should be in a branch is set into branch inset boxes.
31524 These boxes are inserted via the menu
31526 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
31529 where you can choose a branch.
31530 You can later change the activation state of the branch by right-clicking
31534 \begin_layout Standard
31535 Here is an example, where only the question text appears, the answer branch
31536 is deactivated and therefore does not appear in the output:
31539 \begin_layout Standard
31540 \begin_inset Branch Question
31544 \begin_layout Standard
31549 Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
31557 \begin_layout Standard
31558 \begin_inset Branch Answer
31562 \begin_layout Standard
31567 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
31575 \begin_layout Standard
31582 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
31583 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
31586 , the name of the active branches will be appended to the file name at export.
31587 Consider for example a file
31588 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31592 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31595 which has the above branches.
31597 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31601 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31604 is active, the PDF export file would be called
31605 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31609 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31613 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31617 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31621 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31625 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31628 branch were inactive,
31629 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31633 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31637 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31641 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31644 branch was active, likewise
31645 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31649 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31653 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31657 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31660 branch was active, and
31661 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31664 Exam-Question-Answer.pdf
31665 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31668 if both branches were active.
31669 This helps you to export different versions of your document easily.
31670 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
31676 \begin_layout Standard
31677 There are also inverted branch insets, whose content is output just in case
31683 This make it easy to add alternative text for different versions of a document.
31684 To control whether a particular inset is inverted, right-click on the inset
31688 \begin_inset space ~
31696 \begin_layout Standard
31697 \begin_inset Branch Answer
31701 \begin_layout Standard
31707 \begin_inset Quotes eld
31711 \begin_inset Quotes erd
31714 branch is deactivated.
31720 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
31726 \begin_layout Standard
31727 To use conditional output inside places where you cannot insert branch insets,
31728 like inside equations, you can code special \SpecialChar LaTeX
31729 definitions for each branch.
31730 For example you can define for the question branch
31734 \begin_layout Plain Layout
31735 For an introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
31736 -syntax, see section
31737 \begin_inset space ~
31741 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
31743 reference "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
31755 \begin_layout Standard
31765 \begin_layout Standard
31775 \begin_layout Standard
31776 and for the answer branch
31779 \begin_layout Standard
31789 \begin_layout Standard
31799 \begin_layout Standard
31800 \begin_inset Branch Question
31804 \begin_layout Standard
31808 \begin_layout Plain Layout
31817 \begin_layout Plain Layout
31836 \begin_layout Standard
31837 \begin_inset Branch Answer
31841 \begin_layout Standard
31845 \begin_layout Plain Layout
31854 \begin_layout Plain Layout
31873 \begin_layout Standard
31874 Now it is possible to use the
31878 question{\SpecialChar ldots
31885 answer{\SpecialChar ldots
31888 commands to obtain conditional output.
31889 Here is an example formula where only the
31896 \begin_inset Formula
31898 x^{2}-2x-2\Rightarrow\question{x_{1}}\answer{x_{2}}=1\question{+\sqrt{3}}\answer{-\sqrt{3}}.
31906 \begin_layout Standard
31907 Inside math, the same effect can be achieved using math macros, see the
31915 \begin_layout Standard
31916 Each type of branch is allowed to have its specific style defined in layout
31918 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
31922 \begin_inset space \space{}
31925 any branch inset can be automatically wrapped by your own \SpecialChar LaTeX
31927 For this advanced usage, see the
31933 Flex insets and InsetLayout
31938 \begin_layout Section
31940 \begin_inset CommandInset label
31942 name "sec:PDF-Properties"
31947 \begin_inset Index idx
31950 \begin_layout Plain Layout
31959 \begin_layout Standard
31962 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
31963 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
31966 dialog allows you to set up special options for the PDF output of your
31968 All these options are provided by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
31974 \begin_inset Index idx
31977 \begin_layout Plain Layout
31979 packages ! hyperref
31984 which will link all cross-references in the DVI- and PDF-output.
31985 This means that the reader of your document will be able to click on a
31986 table of contents entry or on a reference to move to the cross-referenced
31987 part of the document.
31991 \begin_layout Standard
31992 The header information in the dialog tab
31996 is saved together with the PDF as file properties.
31997 Many programs are able to extract this information, for example, automatically
31998 to recognize who the author is and what the PDF is about.
31999 This is very useful to sort, classify or use PDFs for bibliography issues.
32003 \begin_inset space ~
32007 \begin_inset space ~
32012 is set, \SpecialChar LyX
32013 tries to extract the header information from your document title
32014 and author entries.
32018 \begin_inset space ~
32022 \begin_inset space ~
32026 \begin_inset space ~
32031 will open the PDF in fullscreen mode, which is useful for presentations.
32034 \begin_layout Standard
32035 You can specify in the dialog tab
32039 how the links will look and if links for bibliographical backreferences
32044 \begin_inset space ~
32048 \begin_inset space ~
32052 \begin_inset space ~
32057 option allows long links to be split;
32060 \begin_inset space ~
32064 \begin_inset space ~
32068 \begin_inset space ~
32076 \begin_inset space ~
32081 both turn off the default behavior of enclosing all links in frames;
32084 \begin_inset space ~
32089 colors the different links.
32090 The default colors are:
32093 \begin_layout Labeling
32094 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
32099 for hyperlinks and URLs
32102 \begin_layout Labeling
32103 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
32111 \begin_layout Labeling
32112 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
32120 \begin_layout Standard
32121 but you can change these in the field
32126 For example, in this document they were changed with the additional options:
32129 \begin_layout Standard
32132 linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue
32135 \begin_layout Standard
32140 is set, the hyperlinks will appear in the bibliography after the different
32141 entries, showing, depending on the option selected, the number of the section,
32142 slide or page where the entry is referenced.
32145 \begin_layout Standard
32150 you can specify if PDF-bookmarks should be created for every section of
32151 your document to make it easier for readers to navigate through the document.
32152 You can decide if the bookmarks should be numbered like your document sections
32162 you can specify what sectioning level should be displayed in the bookmarks
32163 when opening the PDF.
32165 \begin_inset space ~
32168 2 will display all sections and subsections, while level
32169 \begin_inset space ~
32172 1 will only display the sections.
32175 \begin_layout Standard
32176 PDF properties are also used in this document.
32177 When you look in its document settings, you can see that some additional
32183 For an explanation of all them we refer you to the hyperref manual
32184 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
32194 \begin_layout Section
32196 Code and the \SpecialChar LaTeX
32198 \begin_inset CommandInset label
32200 name "sec:TeX-Code"
32207 \begin_layout Subsection
32210 \begin_inset Index idx
32213 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32221 \begin_inset CommandInset label
32223 name "subsec:TeX-Code-Boxes"
32230 \begin_layout Standard
32231 As \SpecialChar LyX
32232 uses \SpecialChar LaTeX
32233 in the background, it supports many \SpecialChar LaTeX
32234 commands and constructs,
32237 contains hundreds of packages that provide different commands.
32238 All the time packages are being updated and new ones added.
32239 This has the advantage that you can typeset nearly everything as there
32240 is a \SpecialChar LaTeX
32241 -package for every problem, though \SpecialChar LyX
32242 cannot support all packages and
32246 \begin_layout Standard
32247 But don't worry, you can use any \SpecialChar LaTeX
32248 -command directly in \SpecialChar LyX
32249 inside the \SpecialChar TeX
32253 Code box is created by the menu
32255 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
32257 \begin_inset space ~
32262 or by the toolbar button
32275 The box can be opened by left-clicking and closed by right-clicking on
32283 \begin_layout Standard
32284 You can insert complete or incomplete commands as \SpecialChar TeX
32286 Incomplete means that the command argument can be Standard \SpecialChar LyX
32288 For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word
32292 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32293 The LyX way would be to use a framed box.
32298 and are therefore using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
32305 , you can write the command part
32311 in a \SpecialChar TeX
32312 Code box before the word and the closing brace
32316 in a second \SpecialChar TeX
32317 Code box behind the word.
32318 The word between the two \SpecialChar TeX
32319 Code boxes is then the argument as it is in the
32323 \begin_layout Standard
32324 \begin_inset Graphics
32325 filename clipart/ERT.png
32333 \begin_layout Standard
32337 \begin_layout Standard
32338 This is a line with a
32342 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32355 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32365 \begin_layout Standard
32366 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
32369 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32374 At the end of \SpecialChar LaTeX
32375 -commands without parameters, you have to insert a space
32376 to let \SpecialChar LaTeX
32377 know that the command is finished.
32385 \begin_layout Subsection
32386 A Short Introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
32388 \begin_inset Argument 1
32391 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32392 The \SpecialChar LaTeX
32399 \begin_inset Index idx
32402 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32410 \begin_inset CommandInset label
32412 name "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
32419 \begin_layout Standard
32420 When you write larger documents or books, you will need to know something
32421 about the \SpecialChar LaTeX
32422 -commands that \SpecialChar LyX
32423 uses in the background.
32424 Because \SpecialChar LaTeX
32425 is based on commands, you can
32426 \begin_inset Quotes eld
32430 \begin_inset Quotes erd
32434 This has the advantage that the layout of the document can be changed at
32435 any time if you know the right commands.
32436 For example, imagine you have to write a manual for a product and the deadline
32437 is the end of the day.
32438 Your boss has just complimented you for your good work but wants to have
32439 all caption labels bold.
32440 But you have over a hundred figure and table captions with non-bold labels
32442 Of course it is impossible to change all caption labels manually in one
32446 \begin_layout Standard
32447 Now \SpecialChar LaTeX
32449 As mentioned above, for every problem there exists a \SpecialChar LaTeX
32451 First you have to find out which and therefore look in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
32454 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
32464 \begin_layout Standard
32465 As result you find that the package
32470 \begin_inset Index idx
32473 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32481 To use a package, you have to load it in the document preamble (menu
32483 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
32486 \SpecialChar menuseparator
32490 \begin_inset space ~
32498 \begin_layout Standard
32503 usepackage[options]{package name}
32506 \begin_layout Standard
32507 All \SpecialChar LaTeX
32508 commands begin with a backslash, the command argument is set within
32509 two braces and the options are set within two brackets.
32510 Note that not all commands have an argument and options.
32513 \begin_layout Standard
32514 In your case the package name is
32519 After a look in the documentation of the package, you know that the option
32524 will change the font of all caption labels to bold.
32525 So you add the command
32528 \begin_layout Standard
32533 usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption}
32536 \begin_layout Standard
32537 to the preamble and the problem is solved.
32541 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32542 For more commands provided by the
32546 package, have a look at its documentation,
32547 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
32562 \begin_layout Standard
32563 Note that some document classes have built-in solutions for well-known problems
32565 For example if you use a
32569 class, you don't need the package
32573 , you can instead write
32576 \begin_layout Standard
32581 setkomafont{captionlabel}{
32586 \begin_layout Standard
32587 in the preamble and the problem is solved.
32588 So if you plan to write a large document, you should have a look at the
32589 documentation of the document class you want to use.
32596 is an example of a command with more than one argument.)
32599 \begin_layout Standard
32600 Commands in the preamble affect the whole document, while commands in the
32601 text affect only the text after the command or only the text used as command
32603 To insert a \SpecialChar LaTeX
32604 -command in text, use the \SpecialChar TeX
32605 Code box as described in the previous
32609 \begin_layout Standard
32610 If you want to learn more about \SpecialChar LaTeX
32611 and its syntax, have a look at the \SpecialChar LaTeX
32614 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
32616 key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
32624 \begin_layout Standard
32625 \begin_inset Newpage clearpage
32631 \begin_layout Standard
32635 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32645 \begin_inset Note Note
32648 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32649 switches temporarily to a page style with custom header and footer line
32657 \begin_layout Left Header
32658 \begin_inset Argument 1
32661 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32671 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32681 \begin_inset Note Note
32684 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32685 defines the header line as described below
32693 \begin_layout Center Header
32694 \begin_inset Argument 1
32697 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32706 \begin_layout Right Header
32707 \begin_inset Argument 1
32710 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32714 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32731 \begin_layout Left Footer
32732 \begin_inset Argument 1
32735 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32739 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32756 \begin_layout Center Footer
32757 \begin_inset Argument 1
32760 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32772 \begin_inset Newline newline
32776 \begin_inset Formula $\Upsilon=\frac{\sqrt[3]{\aleph}}{\spadesuit}$
32782 \begin_layout Right Footer
32783 \begin_inset Argument 1
32786 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32796 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32808 \begin_layout Section
32809 Customized Page Headers and Footers
32810 \begin_inset CommandInset label
32812 name "sec:Customized-Page-Headers"
32817 \begin_inset Index idx
32820 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32821 Document ! Header/Footer line
32827 \begin_inset Index idx
32830 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32839 \begin_layout Standard
32840 To define a custom page header and footer line for your document, you need
32844 \begin_inset space ~
32855 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
32861 \begin_inset space ~
32867 As a second step add in the menu
32869 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
32870 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
32874 \begin_inset Quotes eld
32879 Custom Header/Footerlines
32882 \begin_inset Quotes erd
32886 This module offers the following 6
32887 \begin_inset space ~
32893 \begin_layout Description
32895 \begin_inset space ~
32899 \begin_inset space ~
32903 \begin_inset space ~
32907 \begin_inset space ~
32911 \begin_inset space ~
32917 \begin_layout Description
32919 \begin_inset space ~
32923 \begin_inset space ~
32927 \begin_inset space ~
32931 \begin_inset space ~
32935 \begin_inset space ~
32941 \begin_layout Standard
32942 for the different positions in the header/footer.
32943 These environments can be selected in the environment pull-down box.
32946 \begin_layout Standard
32947 Normally, headers and footers are set up at the beginning of the document.
32948 But you can change them anywhere you want to.
32950 \begin_inset space ~
32954 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
32956 reference "fig:Page-layout"
32960 shows the page layout and where the header/footer styles will appear.
32963 \begin_layout Standard
32964 \begin_inset Float figure
32970 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32973 \begin_inset Tabular
32974 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
32975 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
32976 <column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="30line%">
32977 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="30line%">
32978 <column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="30line%">
32980 <cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
32983 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32989 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
32992 \begin_layout Plain Layout
32998 <cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
33001 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33009 <cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
33012 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33018 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
33021 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33027 <cell alignment="right" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">
33030 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33038 <cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none" width="90line%">
33041 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33042 The normal text on the page goes here.
33043 The running header is above the text, and the footer is below (including
33045 Headers/footers typically contain things like the page number, title of
33046 the chapter, company logo but you can use almost anything, except of floats.
33051 <cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
33054 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33060 <cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">
33063 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33071 <cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
33074 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33080 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
33083 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33089 <cell alignment="right" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">
33092 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33100 <cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
33103 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33109 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
33112 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33118 <cell alignment="right" valignment="top" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
33121 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33135 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33136 \begin_inset Caption Standard
33138 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33139 \begin_inset CommandInset label
33141 name "fig:Page-layout"
33145 Page layout with custom header and footer line.
33158 \begin_layout Standard
33159 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
33162 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33167 : some document classes implement their own customized page headers and
33171 \begin_inset space ~
33176 is set to “Default”.
33177 Check what these are before you specify your own customized page headers
33186 \begin_layout Subsection
33190 \begin_layout Standard
33191 To define your header line, add all three header environments.
33192 The things you add to each environment appear on odd numbered pages, the
33193 things in the optional arguments on even numbered pages.
33194 For single-sided documents, the optional arguments will not be used and
33196 If you leave a header environment or its argument empty, nothing appears
33198 Defining the footer line works similarly.
33201 \begin_layout Standard
33202 For the definition, you will need some \SpecialChar LaTeX
33203 -commands that are inserted as \SpecialChar TeX
33207 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
33209 \begin_inset space ~
33217 \begin_layout Description
33220 thepage prints the current page number
33223 \begin_layout Description
33226 Roman{page} prints the current page number with capital roman numerals
33229 \begin_layout Description
33232 roman{page} prints the current page number with small roman numerals
33235 \begin_layout Description
33238 leftmark prints the current section number and title.
33239 If the document has chapters, it prints the current chapter number and
33242 \begin_inset Quotes eld
33246 \begin_inset Quotes prd
33249 because it usually goes in a left header.
33252 \begin_layout Description
33255 rightmark prints the current subsection number and title.
33256 If the document has chapters, it prints the current section number and
33258 It is normally used in the right header.
33261 \begin_layout Subsection
33262 Default header/footer
33265 \begin_layout Standard
33266 The custom header/footer is not empty by default.
33267 The default header contains the chapter and section title and the center
33268 footer has the page number.
33269 In order to remove unwanted entries from the header/footer, include the
33270 relevant header/footer style in your document, but leave it blank.
33271 So, if you do not want a page number in the footer, include a blank
33274 \begin_inset space ~
33282 \begin_layout Subsection
33286 \begin_layout Standard
33287 The header and footer will appear on normal pages.
33288 Some pages are different.
33289 The title page has a header/footer environment of its own, and so does
33290 any page that starts a new part or chapter in your book.
33291 Such pages will not have the custom headers/footers, but that is normal.
33292 There is for example no need to print a header with the chapter name on
33293 the chapter page where the chapter heading is in big bold letters anyway.
33296 \begin_layout Subsubsection
33297 Header and footer decoration line
33300 \begin_layout Standard
33301 By default, you get a 0.4
33302 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
33305 pt thick line below the header and no footer line.
33306 This can be changed in the document preamble with the commands
33318 in the following way:
33321 \begin_layout Standard
33328 headrulewidth}{thickness}
33331 \begin_layout Standard
33332 where thickness is a size in standard units like
33345 If you don't want a line, set the thickness to 0
33346 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
33352 \begin_layout Standard
33353 The lines can also be colored, but this requires more knowledge of \SpecialChar LaTeX
33355 If you really need this, have a look at the Internet or in section
33356 \begin_inset space ~
33360 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
33370 \begin_layout Subsubsection
33371 Several header/footer lines
33374 \begin_layout Standard
33375 In case you need more than one text line as a header/footer, you can do
33376 this by adding a ragged line break in the style definition.
33377 However, the default height of the header/footer is only the height of
33379 To expand the height, redefine the \SpecialChar LaTeX
33394 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
33395 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
33397 \begin_inset space ~
33405 \begin_layout Standard
33412 headheight}{height}
33415 \begin_layout Standard
33420 is a size in standard units (e.
33421 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
33425 \begin_inset space \space{}
33433 If you don't know how much space is needed for the height, define your
33434 header/footer and preview your document as a PDF.
33435 Then open the \SpecialChar LaTeX
33436 logfile with the menu
33438 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
33440 \begin_inset space ~
33448 \begin_inset space ~
33453 to see if you can find a warning about the package
33458 \begin_inset Index idx
33461 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33463 packages ! fancyhdr
33469 If there is such a warning, it contains the space that you need at least
33470 for your header/footer.
33473 \begin_layout Subsection
33477 \begin_layout Standard
33478 This example demonstrates what can be done with custom header/footers.
33479 Don't use it for your document as it is just an example.
33480 This example consists of the following definition:
33483 \begin_layout Description
33485 \begin_inset space ~
33494 , empty optional argument
33497 \begin_layout Description
33499 \begin_inset space ~
33502 Header empty, empty optional argument
33505 \begin_layout Description
33507 \begin_inset space ~
33516 in the optional argument
33519 \begin_layout Description
33521 \begin_inset space ~
33530 in the optional argument
33533 \begin_layout Description
33535 \begin_inset space ~
33548 \begin_inset Quotes eld
33552 \begin_inset Newline newline
33556 \begin_inset Formula $\Upsilon=\frac{\sqrt[3]{\aleph}}{\spadesuit}$
33560 \begin_inset Quotes erd
33563 in the optional argument
33566 \begin_layout Description
33568 \begin_inset space ~
33577 , empty optional argument
33580 \begin_layout Description
33583 headrulewidth set to 2
33584 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
33590 \begin_layout Standard
33591 In principle you can use almost everything in headers/footers, except floats.
33592 For more specialized features, for example, thumb-indexes, see the manual
33598 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
33608 \begin_layout Standard
33609 \begin_inset Newpage clearpage
33615 \begin_layout Standard
33619 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33623 pagestyle{headings}
33629 \begin_inset Note Note
33632 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33633 switches back to page style with the default headings
33641 \begin_layout Section
33642 Previewing Snippets of your Document
33643 \begin_inset CommandInset label
33645 name "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
33650 \begin_inset Index idx
33653 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33660 \begin_inset Index idx
33663 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33672 \begin_layout Standard
33674 allows you to generate previews of sections of your document on the fly
33675 so you can see how they will look in the final document without having
33676 to break your train of thought with viewing the output.
33679 \begin_layout Subsection
33683 \begin_layout Standard
33684 To get previews working, you need the \SpecialChar LaTeX
33690 \begin_inset Index idx
33693 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33695 packages ! preview-latex
33700 (on some systems named simply
33705 If it is not already installed, you will find it in the \SpecialChar TeX
33707 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
33714 or in the package manager of your \SpecialChar LaTeX
33716 You obtain prettier results if you install the program
33724 package; for \SpecialChar LyX
33725 on Windows this program and also the \SpecialChar LaTeX
33726 -package are automatically
33727 installed together with \SpecialChar LyX
33731 \begin_layout Subsection
33735 \begin_layout Standard
33736 If you would for example like to see in \SpecialChar LyX
33737 your math formulas typeset by \SpecialChar LaTeX
33739 activate the option
33742 \begin_inset space ~
33749 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
33755 \begin_inset space ~
33759 \begin_inset space ~
33762 feel\SpecialChar menuseparator
33769 \begin_inset space ~
33782 \begin_inset space ~
33787 is the multiplication factor for the size.
33790 \begin_layout Standard
33791 If you would like to see everything but your math formulas typeset by \SpecialChar LaTeX
33796 \begin_inset space ~
33804 \begin_inset space ~
33812 \begin_layout Standard
33813 Previews are generated when you load a document into \SpecialChar LyX
33814 and when you finish
33818 \begin_layout Standard
33819 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
33822 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33827 Previews of an already loaded document are not in every case immediately
33828 generated by activating the option
33831 \begin_inset space ~
33837 Reopening the document will fix such problems.
33845 \begin_layout Subsection
33846 Selected document parts
33849 \begin_layout Standard
33850 Besides math there are other cases where you might like to see a preview,
33851 for example things that \SpecialChar LyX
33852 cannot render like rotated parts or things that
33853 are not yet supported by \SpecialChar LyX
33855 To do this, insert a preview inset via the menu
33857 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
33861 Insert or paste the stuff that you want to preview into this inset.
33862 The preview will be generated when the cursor is outside the preview inset.
33863 If you click on the preview, you can edit the previewed stuff.
33866 \begin_layout Standard
33867 An example: To create rotated boxes, you use the \SpecialChar LaTeX
33874 which is not yet supported by \SpecialChar LyX
33879 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33886 is explained in section
33888 Rotated and Scaled Boxes
33893 \begin_inset space ~
33903 Instead of the \SpecialChar TeX
33904 Code boxes you want to see in \SpecialChar LyX
33905 the final rotated boxes,
33906 for example to adjust the rotation angle to fit with the surrounding text.
33907 Therefore you create a preview inset and copy the text with the rotated
33909 Here is the result:
33912 \begin_layout Standard
33913 \begin_inset Preview
33915 \begin_layout Standard
33920 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33924 rotatebox[origin=r]{-60}{
33930 \begin_inset Box Doublebox
33940 height_special "totalheight"
33945 backgroundcolor "none"
33948 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33958 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33969 \begin_layout Plain Layout
33973 rotatebox[origin=lb]{60}{
33979 \begin_inset Formula $\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=B$
33986 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34001 \begin_layout Standard
34002 Previewing works also for colors.
34003 In this example a special framed, colored box was created using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
34015 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34022 is explained in section
34029 \begin_inset space ~
34042 \begin_layout Standard
34043 \begin_inset Preview
34045 \begin_layout Standard
34049 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34064 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34068 fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{
34073 This is text within a colored, framed box.
34077 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34092 \begin_layout Standard
34093 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
34099 \begin_layout Standard
34100 If \SpecialChar LyX
34101 does not show a preview, make sure that you enabled previews as described
34102 above and also make sure that \SpecialChar TeX
34103 Code in the preview inset is valid and that
34104 you loaded the \SpecialChar LaTeX
34105 packages in your document preamble that are required by
34106 the \SpecialChar TeX
34108 If \SpecialChar LyX
34109 cannot create a preview, you will in most cases also not be able to
34110 view your document due to \SpecialChar LaTeX
34112 So if you have to use some \SpecialChar TeX
34113 Code and don't know if it is correct, the preview
34114 inset is a nice method to check it without the need to view the whole document.
34117 \begin_layout Subsection
34122 \begin_layout Standard
34123 You can preview the \SpecialChar LaTeX
34124 source of the whole document or parts of it.
34127 View\SpecialChar menuseparator
34129 \begin_inset space ~
34134 and a window will be shown where you can see the \SpecialChar LaTeX
34136 The window shows the source of the whole paragraph in which the cursor
34138 You can also select document parts in \SpecialChar LyX
34139 's main window, then only this selection
34140 (when it is more than one paragraph) is shown as source code.
34141 To view the whole document as source, enable the corresponding option in
34142 the source view window.
34147 , you can see the changes as you make them in \SpecialChar LyX
34148 ; but note that if you have
34149 several documents open, this will slow things down as \SpecialChar LyX
34151 not just the one which is open at the time.
34154 \begin_layout Section
34155 Advanced Find and Replace
34156 \begin_inset CommandInset label
34158 name "sec:Advanced-Find-and"
34163 \begin_inset Index idx
34166 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34173 \begin_inset Index idx
34176 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34185 \begin_layout Subsection
34189 \begin_layout Standard
34190 The advanced find and replace feature of \SpecialChar LyX
34191 allows for searching of complex,
34192 format-sensitive text segments and mathematics contents within \SpecialChar LyX
34194 It is an enhancement of the standard (quick) find and replace feature.
34195 The key-features are:
34198 \begin_layout Itemize
34199 Both searching of text and of mathematical formulas is allowed, where the
34200 latter is done by entering mathematics in the usual way; not only entire
34201 mathematical formulas are found, but also parts occurring within more complex
34205 \begin_layout Itemize
34206 Search may be format-insensitive, so that the searched text is found in
34207 any context/style (standard text, section headings, notes, and even mathematics
34208 ), or it may be format-sensitive, so that, for example, a word entered with
34209 a section heading will only be found within section headings
34212 \begin_layout Itemize
34213 Search may be restricted to mathematics environments only; this is useful
34214 for remangling math notation where one does not want to match any text
34215 outside of mathematics environments
34218 \begin_layout Itemize
34219 Search may be widened to a specific
34224 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
34228 \begin_inset space ~
34231 a set of files which may be all the children of the document being edited,
34232 all the open files, or all the manuals available from the
34239 \begin_layout Itemize
34240 Replace may optionally preserve capitalization, so that the replaced text
34241 capitalization is adapted to the matching text (i.
34242 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
34246 \begin_inset space ~
34249 all lowercase, all uppercase, first letter uppercase followed by lowercase)
34252 \begin_layout Subsection
34256 \begin_layout Standard
34257 The advanced find and replace feature is activated through the menu
34259 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
34272 arg "dialog-show findreplaceadv"
34275 ) or the toolbar button
34278 arg "dialog-toggle findreplaceadv"
34284 Advanced Find and Replace
34289 \begin_layout Subsubsection
34293 \begin_layout Standard
34299 mini-editor a simple word, and search for occurrences of it by clicking
34303 \begin_inset space ~
34308 button at the bottom of the dialog (or just press the
34311 arg "paragraph-break"
34315 The entered word is found both in text mode and in math mode, and in emphasized
34316 , bold or normal face, and in both in section titles and in standard text.
34320 arg "paragraph-break"
34323 repeatedly keeps searching forward while pressing
34327 searches backwards.
34330 \begin_layout Standard
34334 \begin_inset space ~
34339 option allows matches to occur only with the same case as entered in the
34348 \begin_inset space ~
34353 option allows matches to occur only at word boundaries.
34356 \begin_layout Subsubsection
34357 Searching for mathematics
34360 \begin_layout Standard
34361 Mathematical formulas, such as
34362 \begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$
34365 or something more complex like
34366 \begin_inset Formula $\frac{x^{2}}{1+x^{2}}$
34369 , may be searched for by typing them in the
34374 When searching for a formula, it is found both when it is alone and when
34375 it occurs in sub-formulas and nested parts of sub-formulas.
34376 For example the mentioned segments would be found in something like
34377 \begin_inset Formula $\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{\frac{x^{2}}{1+x^{2}}}}$
34383 \begin_layout Subsubsection
34387 \begin_layout Standard
34388 It is also possible to search for text with specific styles.
34389 This is done by switching to the
34393 tab of the dialog and unchecking the
34398 This way, entering in the
34405 \begin_layout Itemize
34406 a normal word and searching for it would not find instances of the word
34407 occurring in emphasized or boldface.
34410 \begin_layout Itemize
34411 an emphasized or boldface word and searching for it would find the respective
34412 instances with the same face only, and within the same text style only.
34415 \begin_layout Itemize
34416 a normal word in a section heading, and searching for it, would find occurrences
34417 of it only within section headings.
34418 Also, if the text to search is given an emphasized or bold face, in addition
34419 to a section style, then it is found only when occurring with the same
34423 \begin_layout Itemize
34424 a displayed formula will only find instances of this formula that are also
34425 displayed formulas (and not inline formulas).
34428 \begin_layout Subsubsection
34432 \begin_layout Standard
34433 The entries made in the
34437 editor can be replaced with entries made in the
34440 \begin_inset space ~
34446 In order to find the next occurrence and replace it, click on the
34450 button or alternatively press
34453 arg "paragraph-break"
34460 while the cursor is in the
34463 \begin_inset space ~
34471 \begin_layout Standard
34472 You can replace with fully-featured formatted \SpecialChar LyX
34474 Typical scenarios in which to use this capability might be (just to mention
34478 \begin_layout Itemize
34479 replacing occurrences of a word with a customized formatted version of the
34480 same word, for example replacing occurrences of a name like
34481 \begin_inset Quotes eld
34485 \begin_inset Quotes erd
34488 with its typewriter version
34489 \begin_inset Quotes eld
34497 \begin_inset Quotes erd
34503 \begin_layout Itemize
34504 performing a notation rework of mathematical symbols, for example replacing
34506 \begin_inset Quotes eld
34510 \begin_inset Formula $R$
34514 \begin_inset Quotes erd
34518 \begin_inset Quotes eld
34522 \begin_inset Formula $\mathbb{R}$
34526 \begin_inset Quotes erd
34529 (you may want to enable the
34532 \begin_inset space ~
34540 \begin_inset space ~
34545 options and disable the
34553 tab, in order to avoid replacing all
34554 \begin_inset Quotes eld
34558 \begin_inset Quotes erd
34561 letters occurring in normal text), or occurrences of
34562 \begin_inset Formula $x_{j}^{i}$
34566 \begin_inset Formula $x_{i,\,j}$
34569 , or occurrences of
34570 \begin_inset Formula $x[k]$
34574 \begin_inset Formula $x_{k}$
34580 \begin_layout Subsection
34584 \begin_layout Standard
34585 There is a regular expression (regexp) based searching facility.
34589 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34590 A good explanation of regular expressions is given in this Wikipedia entry:
34592 \begin_inset CommandInset href
34594 target "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
34604 You can search for a regular expression by inserting a regexp inset into
34610 This is done with the context menu
34612 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
34613 Insert Regular Expression
34615 while the cursor is in the
34620 Characters entered within regexp insets are matched according to the regular
34621 expression matching rules
34625 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34626 Under the constraint that any (sub)expression must match a well-formed \SpecialChar LyX
34629 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
34633 \begin_inset space ~
34636 when matching \SpecialChar LaTeX
34637 code, no segments with unbalanced {} braces are allowed to
34643 , while text entered outside regexp insets is matched exactly against the
34644 same text in the document.
34645 You can cut and paste regexp-mode insets.
34646 Examples of using such a feature may be:
34649 \begin_layout Enumerate
34650 Searching for all fractions with a given denominator: for example, entering
34655 editor the fraction
34656 \begin_inset Formula $\frac{.*}{1+x^{2}}$
34660 \begin_inset Formula $.*$
34663 on the numerator is the match-everything regular expression) finds all
34664 fractions with the given denominator.
34667 \begin_layout Enumerate
34668 Searching for all text with a given style: for example, after unchecking
34680 \begin_inset Formula $.*$
34685 regular expression and giving it an emphasized or bold face, finds all
34686 emphasized or bold face text respectively.
34687 Also, by inserting a
34688 \begin_inset Formula $.*$
34691 regular expression in a bullet or enumerated list or a section heading,
34692 you can find all bullet or enumerated lists or section headings.
34695 \begin_layout Standard
34696 Finally, references to (sub)expressions in regexp may be used as usual:
34697 Enclosing parts of the expression within round braces
34698 \begin_inset Formula $()$
34701 , and referring back to them through
34702 \begin_inset Formula $\backslash1$
34706 \begin_inset Formula $\backslash2$
34710 For example, try searching with the regexp
34711 \begin_inset Newline newline
34714 [[:space:]]([[:alpha:]]+)[[:space:]]
34717 \begin_inset Newline newline
34720 in order to find word repetitions, if there are any.
34723 \begin_layout Standard
34724 The usage of back references in the replaced text is not (yet) implemented.
34727 \begin_layout Standard
34728 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
34731 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34736 Back references work both when occurring within the same regexp, and when
34737 occurring in multiple different regexps, where the numbering of back-referenced
34738 sub-expressions is absolute.
34740 \begin_inset space ~
34744 \begin_inset Formula $\backslash1$
34747 always refers to the first occurrence of
34748 \begin_inset Formula $()$
34751 in all entered regexps.
34759 \begin_layout Section
34761 \begin_inset CommandInset label
34763 name "sec:Spellchecking"
34768 \begin_inset Index idx
34771 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34780 \begin_layout Standard
34782 has a built-in spell checker.
34785 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
34792 key or the toolbar button
34795 arg "dialog-show spellchecker"
34798 start the spell checking from either the current cursor position or the
34799 beginning of the currently selected text.
34800 A sidebar will appear showing any incorrect (or unknown) word found, allowing
34801 you to edit and replace it in a second line.
34802 Whenever an unknown word is found, the word is highlighted and the text
34803 scrolled so that it is visible.
34804 In the spellchecker sidebar, there is a box showing suggestions for a correctio
34805 n, if any could be found.
34806 Clicking on one of the corrections will copy it to the
34810 field, double-clicking directly invokes the replacement.
34811 Unknown but correctly typed words can be added to the personal dictionary.
34814 \begin_layout Standard
34815 By default, the dictionary file used is determined by the document language
34818 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
34822 You can specify the language of a word in the spellchecker dialog by choosing
34823 a different one at the top of the dialog.
34825 can correctly spell check documents containing multiple languages.
34826 This works if you have set the language of the text parts using the
34829 \begin_inset space ~
34837 arg "dialog-show character"
34840 ) and have the spell checker dictionaries installed.
34842 automatically switches to the appropriate dictionary file.
34845 \begin_layout Standard
34846 All spell-checker dictionaries supported by \SpecialChar LyX
34847 can be downloaded from here:
34848 \begin_inset Newline newline
34852 \begin_inset Flex URL
34855 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34857 http://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
34863 \begin_inset Newline newline
34867 \begin_inset space ~
34870 files for each language.
34871 To install a dictionary on Windows, copy the 2
34872 \begin_inset space ~
34875 files into \SpecialChar LyX
34876 's installation subfolder
34884 and restart \SpecialChar LyX
34886 \begin_inset Newline newline
34889 With Linux one needs to install the packages for the desired language.
34890 The number of these packages vary depending on the Linux distribution,
34891 but in most cases these are
34907 is the language code.
34910 \begin_layout Subsection
34914 \begin_layout Standard
34917 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
34918 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
34920 \begin_inset space ~
34923 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
34926 you can set the following things:
34929 \begin_layout Description
34931 \begin_inset space ~
34934 engine Select the library \SpecialChar LyX
34935 should use for spell checking.
34936 Depending on your platform,
34950 \begin_layout Plain Layout
34951 Enchant itself is a wrapper library having different configurable back-ends.
34952 Please consult the documentation or man-page of it to learn more.
34967 \begin_inset space ~
34970 OS can also use Mac's own spellchecker and will use it by default.
34973 \begin_layout Description
34975 \begin_inset space ~
34978 language If this field is not empty, \SpecialChar LyX
34979 will always use the given language
34980 for the spell checking, no matter what the document language is.
34983 \begin_layout Description
34985 \begin_inset space ~
34988 characters Allows you to add non-standard characters that the spell checker
34990 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
34994 \begin_inset space \space{}
34998 This should normally not be needed.
35001 \begin_layout Description
35003 \begin_inset space ~
35007 \begin_inset space ~
35010 words Prevents the spell checker from complaining about compounded words
35012 \begin_inset Quotes eld
35016 \begin_inset Quotes erd
35022 \begin_layout Description
35024 \begin_inset space ~
35027 continuously Checks the spelling of your document as you type it.
35028 Misspelled words get underlined with a dotted red line.
35029 By right-clicking on an underlined word, suggestions from the spellchecker
35030 appear in a context menu.
35031 Choosing one of them will replace the misspelled word with the suggested
35035 \begin_layout Description
35037 \begin_inset space ~
35041 \begin_inset space ~
35045 \begin_inset space ~
35048 comments If enabled, the spelling of non-printed document content is checked
35052 \begin_layout Section
35054 \begin_inset Index idx
35057 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35064 \begin_inset CommandInset label
35066 name "sec:Thesaurus"
35073 \begin_layout Standard
35075 provides a multilingual thesaurus.
35076 It uses the same thesaurus framework as LibreOffice, OpenOffice and Firefox
35085 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35086 \begin_inset CommandInset href
35088 target "http://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
35098 thesaurus library, which is included in \SpecialChar LyX
35100 Therefore, \SpecialChar LyX
35101 is able to directly access OpenOffice thesaurus dictionaries,
35102 which are available for many languages.
35105 \begin_layout Standard
35106 This section describes how new dictionaries are installed and set up for
35107 the use with \SpecialChar LyX
35111 \begin_layout Subsection
35112 Setting up the thesaurus
35115 \begin_layout Standard
35124 thesauri consist of two files per language: A file with the suffix
35128 containing the data and an index file with the suffix
35133 The standardized file names include the language code for the given language
35135 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
35139 \begin_inset space ~
35147 For instance, the US English files are named:
35150 \begin_layout Itemize
35154 \begin_layout Itemize
35158 \begin_layout Standard
35167 and its thesaurus installed, these files should be already on your system
35168 and you just need to point \SpecialChar LyX
35171 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
35172 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
35173 Paths\SpecialChar menuseparator
35175 \begin_inset space ~
35180 ) to the path where they are installed.
35184 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35185 On Linux, depending on your distribution and the way you installed the dictionar
35186 ies, typical locations are
35192 /usr/share/myspell/dicts/
35196 /usr/share/ooo/thesaurus/
35200 ~/.config/libreoffice/<version>/user/
35203 On Windows, dictionaries are to be found at
35209 LibreOffice-<Version>
35216 On the Mac, the default location is
35218 /Users\SpecialChar breakableslash
35219 <user name>\SpecialChar breakableslash
35220 Library\SpecialChar breakableslash
35221 Application Support\SpecialChar breakableslash
35222 libreoffice\SpecialChar breakableslash
35223 <version>\SpecialChar breakableslash
35231 On Windows, you can alternatively also select dictionaries for installation
35232 during the \SpecialChar LyX
35233 installation process, which will then be installed in the correct
35237 \begin_layout Standard
35238 If you want to install new\SpecialChar breakableslash
35239 further thesaurus dictionaries, you can downloaded
35243 \begin_layout Itemize
35244 \begin_inset Flex URL
35247 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35249 http://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyxsvn/dictionaries/trunk/thes/
35257 \begin_layout Standard
35258 To install a new dictionary, download the two files for this dictionary
35259 into the thesaurus path (which is set in
35261 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
35262 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
35263 Paths\SpecialChar menuseparator
35265 \begin_inset space ~
35270 ) and restart \SpecialChar LyX
35272 If this path is not defined yet, you can use a dictionary of your choice
35273 and point \SpecialChar LyX
35277 \begin_layout Standard
35278 Alternatively, you can also install new dictionaries via
35280 LibreOffice\SpecialChar breakableslash
35283 or, on Linux, via your package manager (look for
35289 libreoffice-thesaurus-*
35292 If you do this, make sure that \SpecialChar LyX
35293 is able to find the installed dictionaries,
35295 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
35301 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
35302 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
35303 Paths\SpecialChar menuseparator
35305 \begin_inset space ~
35310 points to the path where you installed these dictionaries.
35313 \begin_layout Subsection
35314 Using the thesaurus
35317 \begin_layout Standard
35318 To start the thesaurus, use the menu
35320 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
35323 or the toolbar button
35326 arg "thesaurus-entry"
35329 while the cursor is at the word you want to look up or while a word is
35331 A dialog pops up showing you probably related words that you can use as
35333 The suggestions are grouped into categories.
35334 Note that, for some languages (such as English), the thesaurus does not
35335 only show equivalent words (synonyms), but also generic terms (such as
35344 ), related terms (such as
35347 \begin_inset space ~
35356 ), compounds (such as
35359 \begin_inset space ~
35368 ) and opposites (antonyms) (such as
35377 Generic terms, related terms and antonyms are marked as such.
35380 \begin_layout Standard
35381 The language is automatically chosen from the language at the cursor, but
35382 you can also switch it in the dialog, as you can enter new words to look
35386 \begin_layout Standard
35387 Note that the thesaurus cannot handle phrases (only compounds that are in
35388 the dictionary, such as the above
35392 ), and you have to use the so called lemma form, i.
35393 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
35397 \begin_inset space \space{}
35400 the form that is used in the dictionaries (for many languages: first person
35401 singular indicative active for nouns, infinitive for verbs).
35402 For example, looking up the word form
35406 yields no results, while results are shown for the word form
35411 Your best bet is to highlight only the relevant part of such a word (e.
35412 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
35416 \begin_inset space \space{}
35427 s); then you will get suggestions without needing to adjust the query in
35428 the dialog, and also the replacement will probably be correct (as only
35429 the highlighted part will be replaced; thus the ending remains).
35432 \begin_layout Section
35434 \begin_inset Index idx
35437 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35444 \begin_inset Index idx
35447 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35448 Document ! Change Tracking
35454 \begin_inset CommandInset label
35456 name "sec:Change-Tracking"
35463 \begin_layout Standard
35464 When you work on a document collaboratively it is extremely useful to be
35465 able to see changes that others have made highlighted in the document.
35466 You can then decide if you want to accept a change or not.
35467 This can be achieved by turning on change tracking in the menu
35469 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
35471 \begin_inset space ~
35474 Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
35476 \begin_inset space ~
35484 \begin_layout Standard
35485 Changes made in the document will then be highlighted by strokes and colors:
35499 The color depends on the author that made the change.
35500 You can change the color in
35502 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
35503 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
35505 \begin_inset space ~
35509 \begin_inset space ~
35514 \SpecialChar menuseparator
35520 \begin_inset Index idx
35523 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35524 Color ! Change tracking
35529 The author and the date of the change are shown in \SpecialChar LyX
35530 's status bar when the
35531 cursor is in changed text.
35532 The same information is shown when you use the toolbar button
35535 arg "changes-merge"
35541 \begin_layout Standard
35542 When change tracking is activated, you will see the review toolbar in \SpecialChar LyX
35544 \begin_inset Index idx
35547 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35556 \begin_layout Standard
35557 \begin_inset VSpace defskip
35563 \begin_layout Standard
35564 \begin_inset Graphics
35565 filename clipart/ChangesToolbar.png
35573 \begin_layout Standard
35574 \begin_inset VSpace defskip
35580 \begin_layout Standard
35581 The review toolbar as shown above contains the following buttons:
35584 \begin_layout Standard
35585 \begin_inset VSpace defskip
35591 \begin_layout Standard
35592 \begin_inset Tabular
35593 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
35594 <features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
35595 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
35596 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
35597 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
35598 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35601 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35606 arg "changes-track"
35614 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35617 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35620 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
35622 \begin_inset space ~
35625 Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
35627 \begin_inset space ~
35636 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
35637 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35640 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35645 arg "changes-output"
35653 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35656 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35659 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
35661 \begin_inset space ~
35664 Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
35666 \begin_inset space ~
35670 \begin_inset space ~
35674 \begin_inset space ~
35683 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
35684 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35687 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35700 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35703 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35704 Jumps to the next change
35710 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
35711 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35714 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35719 arg "change-accept"
35727 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35730 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35733 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
35735 \begin_inset space ~
35738 Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
35740 \begin_inset space ~
35749 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
35750 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35753 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35758 arg "change-reject"
35766 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35769 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35772 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
35774 \begin_inset space ~
35777 Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
35779 \begin_inset space ~
35788 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
35789 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35792 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35797 arg "changes-merge"
35805 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35808 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35811 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
35813 \begin_inset space ~
35816 Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
35818 \begin_inset space ~
35827 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
35828 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35831 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35836 arg "all-changes-accept"
35844 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35847 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35850 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
35852 \begin_inset space ~
35855 Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
35857 \begin_inset space ~
35861 \begin_inset space ~
35870 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
35871 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35874 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35879 arg "all-changes-reject"
35887 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35890 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35893 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
35895 \begin_inset space ~
35898 Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
35900 \begin_inset space ~
35904 \begin_inset space ~
35913 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
35914 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35917 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35930 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35933 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35936 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
35937 Note\SpecialChar menuseparator
35939 \begin_inset space ~
35948 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
35949 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35952 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35965 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
35968 \begin_layout Plain Layout
35971 Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
35973 \begin_inset space ~
35989 \begin_layout Standard
35990 \begin_inset VSpace defskip
35996 \begin_layout Standard
35997 Not all changes are (yet) visualized, especially no format changes like
36017 \begin_layout Standard
36018 The review toolbar helps you to accept, reject, or merge changes – highlight
36019 the change and press one of the desired toolbar buttons.
36020 When you merge changes, a window pops up showing you information about
36021 the next change after the current cursor position.
36022 So you don't need to highlight a certain change.
36023 Within the merge window you can decide to accept or reject changes and
36024 step to the next change.
36025 This way you can jump through all the changes in the document.
36028 \begin_layout Standard
36029 The toolbar has two buttons to handle notes because notes are often important
36030 to describe a change.
36033 \begin_layout Standard
36034 To show the changes made in the output you need the \SpecialChar LaTeX
36040 \begin_inset Index idx
36043 \begin_layout Plain Layout
36051 You will find it in the \SpecialChar TeX
36053 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
36060 or in the package manager of your \SpecialChar LaTeX
36064 \begin_layout Section
36065 Comparison of Documents
36066 \begin_inset CommandInset label
36068 name "sec:Comparison-of-Documents"
36073 \begin_inset Index idx
36076 \begin_layout Plain Layout
36077 Comparison of documents
36085 \begin_layout Standard
36086 You can compare two different \SpecialChar LyX
36089 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
36093 The comparison result is a \SpecialChar LyX
36094 file with change tracking enabled showing the
36096 In the comparison dialog you can select from which document \SpecialChar LyX
36098 the document settings for the resulting difference file with the option
36102 \begin_inset space ~
36106 \begin_inset space ~
36110 \begin_inset space ~
36119 \begin_inset space ~
36123 \begin_inset space ~
36127 \begin_inset space ~
36131 \begin_inset space ~
36135 \begin_inset space ~
36139 \begin_inset space ~
36144 enables the change tracking option
36147 \begin_inset space ~
36151 \begin_inset space ~
36155 \begin_inset space ~
36160 to visualize the differences also in the PDF output of the difference file.
36163 \begin_layout Section
36164 International Support
36165 \begin_inset Index idx
36168 \begin_layout Plain Layout
36169 International support
36177 \begin_layout Standard
36178 This section describes how to use \SpecialChar LyX
36179 with any language you want.
36180 For some languages there are special Wiki-pages that explain how to set
36181 up \SpecialChar LyX
36183 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
36185 key "Arabic,Armenian,Farsi,Hebrew,Latvian,Lithuanian,Mongolian,Vietnamese"
36193 \begin_layout Standard
36194 Besides languages, \SpecialChar LyX
36195 also supports phonetic symbols, see section
36196 \begin_inset space ~
36200 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
36202 reference "subsec:Special-Character"
36209 \begin_layout Subsection
36211 \begin_inset Index idx
36214 \begin_layout Plain Layout
36221 \begin_inset Index idx
36224 \begin_layout Plain Layout
36225 Document ! Settings
36231 \begin_inset Index idx
36234 \begin_layout Plain Layout
36235 Document ! Language
36243 \begin_layout Standard
36246 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
36247 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
36250 dialog lets you set
36252 the language, the quote style and character encoding
36257 \begin_layout Standard
36262 you can choose the character encoding map you want to use for \SpecialChar LaTeX
36267 \begin_inset space ~
36272 is the preferred choice and works well in most cases.
36273 For details about the different encoding options see section
36274 \begin_inset space ~
36278 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
36280 reference "sec:Language-encodings"
36287 \begin_layout Subsection
36288 Keyboard mapping configuration
36289 \begin_inset CommandInset label
36291 name "subsec:Keyboard-mapping"
36298 \begin_layout Standard
36299 If you have for example a U.
36300 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
36303 S.-style keyboard and want to write in a language other than English, you
36304 can use an alternate keymap.
36305 For example, if you want to write in Italian, you can configure \SpecialChar LyX
36310 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
36311 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
36312 Editing\SpecialChar menuseparator
36315 dialog allows you to choose up to two keyboard mappings, see section
36316 \begin_inset space ~
36320 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
36322 reference "subsec:Keyboard-Map"
36327 You can choose primary and secondary keyboard languages and then select
36328 which one you want to use.
36331 \begin_layout Standard
36332 Finally, you may just want to change a few key mappings or create an entirely
36333 different keymap (for Vulcan, for instance).
36334 You may, for example, normally write in Italian on a U.
36335 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
36338 S.-style keyboard but want to include an occasional quotation in German.
36339 In such a case, you can write your own keyboard mapping or modify an existing
36340 one to support the characters you want.
36341 This and many other customizations are explained in the
36348 \begin_layout Chapter
36351 \begin_inset CommandInset label
36353 name "chap:The-User-Interface"
36360 \begin_layout Standard
36361 This appendix lists all the available menus and describes their functionality.
36362 It is designed as a quick reference if you are searching for a special
36363 topic inside the user's guide.
36366 \begin_layout Section
36368 \begin_inset Index idx
36371 \begin_layout Plain Layout
36380 \begin_layout Standard
36385 menu are the basic operations in addition to some more advanced operations.
36388 \begin_layout Subsection
36392 \begin_layout Standard
36393 Creates a new document.
36396 \begin_layout Subsection
36400 \begin_layout Standard
36401 This menu entry prompts you for a template to use.
36402 Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
36403 the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
36406 \begin_layout Subsection
36410 \begin_layout Standard
36414 \begin_layout Subsection
36418 \begin_layout Standard
36419 The submenu shows a list of the recently opened files.
36420 Click there on a file to open it.
36423 \begin_layout Subsection
36427 \begin_layout Standard
36428 Closes the current document.
36431 \begin_layout Subsection
36435 \begin_layout Standard
36436 Closes all opened documents.
36439 \begin_layout Subsection
36443 \begin_layout Standard
36444 Saves the actual document.
36447 \begin_layout Subsection
36451 \begin_layout Standard
36452 Saves the actual document under a new name to create a copy.
36455 \begin_layout Subsection
36459 \begin_layout Standard
36460 Saves all opened documents.
36463 \begin_layout Subsection
36467 \begin_layout Standard
36468 Reloads the actual document from disk.
36471 \begin_layout Subsection
36475 \begin_layout Standard
36476 This is used when multiple people are working on the same document or when
36477 one person wants to keep a careful archive of changes.
36478 It is described in the section
36480 Version Control in \SpecialChar LyX
36485 Additional Features
36490 \begin_layout Subsection
36494 \begin_layout Standard
36495 Here you can import files from older \SpecialChar LyX
36496 versions, HTML files, \SpecialChar LaTeX
36498 files, plain text files and comma separated, table-like text files (CSV).
36499 The files will be imported as a new \SpecialChar LyX
36503 \begin_layout Standard
36504 When using the menu entry
36507 \begin_inset space ~
36512 , line breaks in the text will start a new paragraph; when using the menu
36516 \begin_inset space ~
36520 \begin_inset space ~
36524 \begin_inset space ~
36529 , consecutive lines of text will be imported to one big paragraph.
36530 A new paragraph will begin when there is a blank line in the file.
36533 \begin_layout Subsection
36535 \begin_inset CommandInset label
36537 name "subsec:Export"
36544 \begin_layout Standard
36545 You can export your document to various file formats.
36546 The resulting files are placed in the directory of your \SpecialChar LyX
36548 The menu entries are not the same on all installations.
36549 They depend on the programs found by \SpecialChar LyX
36550 during its configuration.
36553 \begin_layout Standard
36554 Here is a list of all available entries; some of them are explained in detail
36556 \begin_inset space ~
36560 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
36562 reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
36569 \begin_layout Description
36575 \begin_inset space ~
36578 LyX format of the special \SpecialChar LyX
36580 \begin_inset space ~
36583 1.4.x versions for Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK)
36584 \begin_inset Newline newline
36587 Since \SpecialChar LyX
36588 1.5.0 CJK support has been fully integrated into \SpecialChar LyX
36592 \begin_layout Description
36593 DocBook text file with code in the language SGML that is used for the markup
36599 \begin_layout Description
36601 \begin_inset space ~
36604 (XML) text file with code in the language XML that is used for the markup
36610 \begin_layout Description
36611 DraftDVI \SpecialChar LaTeX
36612 's native DVI-format.
36613 This format is not suitable if you have special characters or spaces in
36614 files paths or file names in your document.
36616 use this format internally as a pre-stage to export to
36623 \begin_layout Description
36624 DVI DVI-format that also allows the useage of special characters or spaces
36625 in files paths or file names
36628 \begin_layout Description
36630 \begin_inset space ~
36637 ) DVI-format using the program
36639 Lua\SpecialChar TeX
36642 ; supports Unicode and the usage of non-\SpecialChar TeX
36646 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
36649 \begin_layout Plain Layout
36654 not all DVI-viewers are currently able to display this output format properly.
36662 \begin_layout Description
36664 \begin_inset space ~
36667 (cropped) the same as
36671 but with cropped page margins.
36674 \begin_layout Description
36676 \begin_inset space ~
36679 Dot text file with code in the programming language
36683 which is used to draw visualizations of graphs via the program
36688 \begin_layout Description
36692 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
36695 \begin_layout Plain Layout
36700 the exported file will be stored in a subdirectory.
36708 \begin_layout Description
36710 \begin_inset space ~
36714 \begin_inset space ~
36717 Word) HTML-format specialized so that the result can be imported to
36721 ; as a consequence of this formulas will be embedded as bitmap fonts and
36729 \begin_layout Description
36733 \begin_inset space ~
36742 text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
36743 source that is compilable with the program
36745 Lua\SpecialChar TeX
36749 \begin_layout Description
36753 \begin_inset space ~
36758 text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
36759 source, additionally all images used in the document
36760 will be converted to a format that is readable by the
36764 program (GIF, JPG, PDF, PNG)
36767 \begin_layout Description
36771 \begin_inset space ~
36776 text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
36777 source code, additionally all images used in the document
36778 will be converted to the EPS-format, only this format is readable by the
36786 \begin_layout Description
36790 \begin_inset space ~
36799 text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
36800 source that is compilable with the program
36806 \begin_layout Description
36808 \begin_inset space ~
36812 \begin_inset space ~
36819 ) text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
36820 source and also code in the syntax of the music notation
36826 \begin_layout Description
36828 \begin_inset space ~
36831 z.y.x \SpecialChar LyX
36832 -Document in a format readable by the \SpecialChar LyX
36834 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
36838 \begin_inset space \space{}
36843 \begin_inset space ~
36847 \begin_inset Quotes eld
36851 \begin_inset Quotes erd
36855 \begin_inset Quotes eld
36859 \begin_inset Quotes erd
36862 represent the version number)
36865 \begin_layout Description
36867 \begin_inset space ~
36871 \begin_inset space ~
36874 (zip|tar.gz) creates a zip-archive or a tar.gz-archive file (depending upon
36875 your system) that contains your document and all files that are necessary
36876 to compile it (images, child documents, Bib\SpecialChar TeX
36880 \begin_layout Description
36881 LyXHTML HTML-format using \SpecialChar LyX
36882 's internal XHTML engine
36885 \begin_layout Description
36887 \begin_inset space ~
36891 \begin_inset space ~
36895 \begin_inset space ~
36899 \begin_inset space ~
36902 XML Office Open XML file, to be opened with
36907 For the conversion the program
36916 is a third-party product and may not work in all cases.
36919 \begin_layout Description
36920 NoWeb text file with code in the format of the literate programming language
36925 \begin_layout Description
36927 \begin_inset space ~
36930 (Pandoc) OpenDocument file, to be opened with
36932 LibreOffice, OpenOffice, KOffice, Abiword
36935 For the conversion the program
36944 is a third-party product and may not work in all cases.
36947 \begin_layout Description
36949 \begin_inset space ~
36952 (tex4ht) OpenDocument file.
36953 For the conversion the program
36962 is a third-party product and may not work in all cases.
36965 \begin_layout Description
36967 \begin_inset space ~
36970 (cropped) the same as
36973 \begin_inset space ~
36978 but with cropped page margins
36981 \begin_layout Description
36985 \begin_inset space ~
36990 PDF-format using the program
36994 , produces internally a DVI-file which is then converted to a PDF-file
36997 \begin_layout Description
37001 \begin_inset space ~
37005 \begin_inset space ~
37013 \begin_inset space ~
37018 but with a reduced pixel resolution of 150
37019 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
37023 \begin_inset space \space{}
37026 useful for e-books to be read on tablet PCs or for large documents as intermedia
37030 \begin_layout Description
37034 \begin_inset space ~
37039 PDF-format using the program
37041 Lua\SpecialChar TeX
37044 , produces PDF-files directly
37047 \begin_layout Description
37051 \begin_inset space ~
37056 PDF-format using the program
37060 , produces PDF-files directly
37063 \begin_layout Description
37067 \begin_inset space ~
37072 PDF-format using the program
37076 , produces internally a PostScript-file which is then converted to a PDF-file
37079 \begin_layout Description
37083 \begin_inset space ~
37088 PDF-format using the program
37093 , produces PDF-files directly
37096 \begin_layout Description
37100 \begin_inset space ~
37108 \begin_layout Description
37112 \begin_inset space ~
37116 \begin_inset space ~
37121 text format, the document will first be converted to Postscript format
37122 and then exported as text using the program
37127 \begin_layout Description
37132 PostScript format using the program
37140 options see section
37141 \begin_inset space ~
37145 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37147 reference "subsec:General-output"
37154 \begin_layout Description
37155 Sweave text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
37156 source and also code in the statistical programming
37170 it is possible to use
37174 -commands in \SpecialChar LaTeX
37178 \begin_layout Standard
37179 If one of the menu entries
37186 \begin_inset space ~
37195 is missing, you need to update your \SpecialChar LaTeX
37197 After updating you have to reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
37199 \begin_inset space ~
37203 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37205 reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
37210 \begin_inset Index idx
37213 \begin_layout Plain Layout
37214 Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
37223 \begin_layout Subsection
37227 \begin_layout Standard
37228 This menu entry will only appear if you have a fax program installed (on
37229 Windows you additionally need to register its program path to \SpecialChar LyX
37232 \begin_inset space ~
37236 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37238 reference "sec:Paths"
37243 With this menu entry you can send your document to a fax program like
37252 The default format of the sent file is PostScript.
37253 The format can be changed in \SpecialChar LyX
37254 's preferences as described in section
37255 \begin_inset space ~
37259 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37261 reference "subsec:Converters"
37268 \begin_layout Subsection
37269 New and Close Window
37272 \begin_layout Standard
37273 Opens or closes a new instance of \SpecialChar LyX
37277 \begin_layout Subsection
37281 \begin_layout Standard
37282 Prompts you to save all unsaved documents and then exits.
37285 \begin_layout Section
37287 \begin_inset Index idx
37290 \begin_layout Plain Layout
37299 \begin_layout Subsection
37303 \begin_layout Standard
37304 Described in section
37305 \begin_inset space ~
37309 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37311 reference "sec:Undo-and-Redo"
37318 \begin_layout Subsection
37319 Cut, Copy, Paste, Paste Recent, Paste Special
37322 \begin_layout Standard
37323 Described in section
37324 \begin_inset space ~
37328 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37330 reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
37337 \begin_layout Subsection
37341 \begin_layout Standard
37342 Selects the content of the inset in which the cursor currently is.
37343 If the cursor is outside an inset, the whole document will be selected.
37346 \begin_layout Subsection
37350 \begin_layout Standard
37351 Selects the whole document.
37354 \begin_layout Subsection
37355 Find & Replace (Quick)
37358 \begin_layout Standard
37359 Described in section
37360 \begin_inset space ~
37364 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37366 reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
37373 \begin_layout Subsection
37374 Find & Replace (Advanced)
37377 \begin_layout Standard
37378 Described in section
37379 \begin_inset space ~
37383 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37385 reference "sec:Advanced-Find-and"
37392 \begin_layout Subsection
37393 Move Paragraph Up/Down
37396 \begin_layout Standard
37397 This shifts the paragraph in which the cursor currently is one paragraph
37401 \begin_layout Subsection
37405 \begin_layout Standard
37406 Described in section
37407 \begin_inset space ~
37411 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37413 reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
37420 \begin_layout Subsection
37422 \begin_inset Index idx
37425 \begin_layout Plain Layout
37426 Paragraph ! Settings
37434 \begin_layout Standard
37435 Enables you to set the paragraph alignment, line spacing and label width.
37436 These settings only affect the paragraph in which the cursor is currently
37440 \begin_layout Standard
37441 You can also prevent the first line of the paragraph being indented if you
37442 have chosen to separate paragraphs with
37448 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
37449 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
37451 \begin_inset space ~
37459 \begin_layout Subsection
37460 Table and Rows & Columns
37463 \begin_layout Standard
37464 These menus only appear if the cursor is inside a table.
37465 It allows you to create multicolumn and multirow cells, add or remove borders
37466 of a cell and to set the alignment of the cell.
37469 \begin_layout Subsection
37473 \begin_layout Standard
37474 This menu only appears if the cursor is inside an inset.
37475 It will dissolve this inset.
37476 This means that the inset is deleted and its content is left as normal
37480 \begin_layout Subsection
37484 \begin_layout Standard
37485 This menu is only active if the cursor is inside an inset or a formula.
37486 Here you can change the properties of the inset or the formula.
37489 \begin_layout Subsection
37490 Increase/Decrease List Depth
37493 \begin_layout Standard
37494 These menus are only active if the cursor is in an environment that can
37496 They increase/decrease the environment nesting level as explained in section
37497 \begin_inset space ~
37501 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37503 reference "sec:Nesting"
37508 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37510 reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
37517 \begin_layout Subsection
37520 Start New Environment/Start New Parent Environment
37523 \begin_layout Standard
37524 These menus are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive environme
37525 nts of the same type.
37527 \begin_inset space ~
37531 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37533 reference "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
37537 for an explanation.
37540 \begin_layout Section
37542 \begin_inset Index idx
37545 \begin_layout Plain Layout
37554 \begin_layout Standard
37555 At the bottom of the
37559 menu the opened documents are listed.
37562 \begin_layout Subsection
37563 Open/Close all Insets
37566 \begin_layout Standard
37567 Opens/closes all insets in your document.
37570 \begin_layout Subsection
37571 Unfold/Fold Math Macros
37574 \begin_layout Standard
37575 Unfolds/folds the current math macro.
37578 \begin_layout Standard
37579 Math macros are described in the
37586 \begin_layout Subsection
37590 \begin_layout Standard
37591 Shows the outline window as described in sections
37592 \begin_inset space ~
37596 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37598 reference "sec:Navigating"
37603 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37605 reference "subsec:Table-of-Contents"
37612 \begin_layout Subsection
37616 \begin_layout Standard
37617 Opens a window showing the source code of the actual document, as described
37619 \begin_inset space ~
37623 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37625 reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
37632 \begin_layout Subsection
37636 \begin_layout Standard
37637 Opens a window showing console messages.
37638 This is useful for debugging \SpecialChar LyX
37640 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
37643 e., hunt for errors in the program) or to see what is going on in the background
37644 while \SpecialChar LaTeX
37645 is processing the document.
37648 \begin_layout Subsection
37650 \begin_inset CommandInset label
37652 name "subsec:Toolbars"
37657 \begin_inset Index idx
37660 \begin_layout Plain Layout
37669 \begin_layout Standard
37670 In this menu entry you can set the appearance of the different toolbars.
37671 All toolbars and the
37674 \begin_inset space ~
37679 can be turned on and off.
37684 state is denoted in the menu with a checkmark.
37696 \begin_inset space ~
37708 \begin_inset space ~
37713 toolbars can additionally be set to the state
37717 , denoted in the menu with the suffix
37724 \begin_layout Standard
37729 state the toolbar is permanently shown; in the
37733 state the toolbar is only shown when the cursor is in a certain environment
37734 or when a certain feature is enabled.
37735 That means that the review toolbar will only be shown if change tracking
37736 is activated, the math and table toolbars are only shown if the cursor
37737 is inside a formula or table respectively.
37740 \begin_layout Standard
37742 's toolbars and their buttons are explained in section
37743 \begin_inset space ~
37747 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37749 reference "sec:Toolbars"
37756 \begin_layout Subsection
37760 \begin_layout Standard
37764 \begin_inset space ~
37768 \begin_inset space ~
37772 \begin_inset space ~
37776 \begin_inset space ~
37780 \begin_inset space ~
37784 \begin_inset space ~
37789 will split \SpecialChar LyX
37790 's main window vertically while
37793 \begin_inset space ~
37797 \begin_inset space ~
37801 \begin_inset space ~
37805 \begin_inset space ~
37809 \begin_inset space ~
37813 \begin_inset space ~
37818 will split it horizontally.
37819 This allows you to view documents at the same time to compare them, or
37820 to view the same document, but at different positions.
37821 You can even split the main window several times to view, for example,
37822 three or more documents at the same time.
37823 To close a split view, use the menu
37826 \begin_inset space ~
37830 \begin_inset space ~
37838 \begin_layout Subsection
37842 \begin_layout Standard
37843 Closes a split view.
37846 \begin_layout Subsection
37850 \begin_layout Standard
37851 Using this menu entry or pressing F11 removes the menu bar and all toolbars
37852 so that you will see nothing but your text.
37853 It furthermore displays \SpecialChar LyX
37854 's main window fullscreen.
37855 To return from fullscreen to the normal view, press F11, or right-click
37856 and turn off the fullscreen mode in the context menu.
37859 \begin_layout Section
37861 \begin_inset Index idx
37864 \begin_layout Plain Layout
37873 \begin_layout Subsection
37877 \begin_layout Standard
37878 Inserts math constructs that are explained in chapter
37879 \begin_inset space ~
37883 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37885 reference "chap:Mathematical-Formulas"
37896 \begin_layout Subsection
37898 \begin_inset CommandInset label
37900 name "subsec:Special-Character"
37907 \begin_layout Standard
37908 Here you can insert the following characters:
37911 \begin_layout Description
37916 dialog which allows you to insert any character that can be output by your
37919 By default groups of characters are displayed in character categories;
37920 the available characters depend on the \SpecialChar LaTeX
37921 -packages you have installed.
37922 You can get a complete display by checking
37925 \begin_inset space ~
37931 \begin_inset Newline newline
37935 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
37938 \begin_layout Plain Layout
37943 Not all characters will be visible in the
37947 dialog because none of the screen fonts that you can set in the preferences
37948 dialog (see section
37949 \begin_inset space ~
37953 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37955 reference "subsec:Screen-Fonts"
37959 ) can display every character.
37967 \begin_layout Description
37968 Ellipsis Inserts an ellipsis: \SpecialChar ldots
37972 \begin_layout Description
37974 \begin_inset space ~
37978 \begin_inset space ~
37981 Sentence Inserts an end of sentence period as described in section
37982 \begin_inset space ~
37986 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
37988 reference "subsec:Abbreviations"
37995 \begin_layout Description
37997 \begin_inset space ~
38000 Quote Inserts this quote: ", no matter what quote style you selected in
38003 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
38004 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
38010 \begin_layout Description
38012 \begin_inset space ~
38015 Quote Inserts a single quote in the quotation marks style selected in the
38018 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
38019 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
38025 \begin_layout Description
38027 \begin_inset space ~
38030 Hyphen Inserts a hyphen that is protected from line breaks: \SpecialChar nobreakdash
38034 \begin_layout Description
38036 \begin_inset space ~
38039 Slash Inserts a slash where a line break can also occur: \SpecialChar breakableslash
38043 \begin_layout Description
38045 \begin_inset space ~
38048 Space Inserts a character representing a single space (the one you get when
38054 \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
38060 \begin_layout Description
38062 \begin_inset space ~
38065 Separator Inserts the menu separator sign: \SpecialChar menuseparator
38069 \begin_layout Description
38071 \begin_inset space ~
38075 \begin_inset Index idx
38078 \begin_layout Plain Layout
38085 \begin_inset Index idx
38088 \begin_layout Plain Layout
38089 Language ! Phonetic symbols
38094 Inserts a box where you can insert symbols from the International Phonetic
38095 Alphabet (IPA) and opens a toolbar which provides a large set of these
38097 To use this feature you must have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
38103 \begin_inset Index idx
38106 \begin_layout Plain Layout
38114 \begin_inset Newline newline
38117 More information about this feature can be found in the
38123 Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
38129 \begin_layout Description
38130 Logos Inserts the logos of the programs \SpecialChar LyX
38132 , \SpecialChar LaTeX
38133 and \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
38137 \begin_layout Subsection
38141 \begin_layout Standard
38142 Opens a submenu with the following options:
38145 \begin_layout Description
38146 Superscript Inserts a superscript: test
38147 \begin_inset script superscript
38149 \begin_layout Plain Layout
38158 \begin_layout Description
38159 Subscript Inserts a subscript: test
38160 \begin_inset script subscript
38162 \begin_layout Plain Layout
38171 \begin_layout Description
38173 \begin_inset space ~
38176 Space Inserts a protected space as described in section
38177 \begin_inset space ~
38181 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38183 reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
38190 \begin_layout Description
38192 \begin_inset space ~
38195 Space Inserts an inter-word space as described in section
38196 \begin_inset space ~
38200 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38202 reference "subsec:Inter-word-Space"
38209 \begin_layout Description
38211 \begin_inset space ~
38214 Space Inserts a thin space as described in section
38215 \begin_inset space ~
38219 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38221 reference "subsec:Thin-Space"
38228 \begin_layout Description
38230 \begin_inset space ~
38233 Space Inserts a character to visualize that there is or should be a space.
38235 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
38239 \begin_inset space \space{}
38242 useful if you need to indicate a space in a command sequence.
38243 An example from the \SpecialChar LyX
38249 \begin_inset Quotes eld
38252 To insert a fraction use the command
38257 \begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
38261 \begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
38267 \begin_inset Quotes erd
38270 The visible space is hereby the character before the
38277 \begin_layout Description
38279 \begin_inset space ~
38282 Space Inserts horizontal space as described in section
38283 \begin_inset space ~
38287 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38289 reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
38296 \begin_layout Description
38298 \begin_inset space ~
38301 Line Inserts a horizontal line as described in section
38302 \begin_inset space ~
38306 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38308 reference "subsec:Horizontal-Lines"
38315 \begin_layout Description
38317 \begin_inset space ~
38320 Space Inserts vertical space as described in section
38321 \begin_inset space ~
38325 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38327 reference "subsec:Vertical-Space"
38334 \begin_layout Description
38335 Phantom Inserts a Phantom space as described in section
38336 \begin_inset space ~
38340 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38342 reference "subsec:Phantom-Space"
38349 \begin_layout Description
38351 \begin_inset space ~
38354 Point Inserts a hyphenation point as described in section
38355 \begin_inset space ~
38359 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38361 reference "subsec:Hyphenation"
38368 \begin_layout Description
38370 \begin_inset space ~
38373 Break Inserts a ligature break as described in section
38374 \begin_inset space ~
38378 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38380 reference "subsec:Ligatures"
38387 \begin_layout Description
38389 \begin_inset space ~
38393 \begin_inset space ~
38396 Break Inserts a forced line break as described in section
38397 \begin_inset space ~
38401 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38403 reference "subsec:Forced-Line-Breaks"
38410 \begin_layout Description
38412 \begin_inset space ~
38415 Break Inserts a forced line break that right justifies the remaining text
38416 as described in section
38417 \begin_inset space ~
38421 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38423 reference "subsec:Forced-Line-Breaks"
38430 \begin_layout Description
38432 \begin_inset space ~
38435 Page Inserts a forced page break as described in section
38436 \begin_inset space ~
38440 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38442 reference "subsec:Forced-Page-Breaks"
38449 \begin_layout Description
38451 \begin_inset space ~
38454 Break Inserts a forced page break that shares the extra space among paragraph
38455 breaks instead of leaving it at the bottom of the page, as described in
38457 \begin_inset space ~
38461 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38463 reference "subsec:Forced-Page-Breaks"
38470 \begin_layout Description
38472 \begin_inset space ~
38475 Page Inserts a clear page break as described in section
38476 \begin_inset space ~
38480 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38482 reference "subsec:Clear-Page-Breaks"
38489 \begin_layout Description
38491 \begin_inset space ~
38495 \begin_inset space ~
38498 Page Inserts a clear doublepage break as described in section
38499 \begin_inset space ~
38503 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38505 reference "subsec:Clear-Page-Breaks"
38512 \begin_layout Subsection
38516 \begin_layout Standard
38517 Various lists can be inserted with this menu entry.
38521 \begin_inset space ~
38542 are described in section
38543 \begin_inset space ~
38547 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38549 reference "sec:toc"
38558 is described in section
38559 \begin_inset space ~
38563 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38565 reference "sec:Index"
38573 is described in section
38574 \begin_inset space ~
38578 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38580 reference "sec:Nomenclature"
38586 Bib\SpecialChar TeX
38589 is described in section
38590 \begin_inset space ~
38594 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38596 reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
38603 \begin_layout Subsection
38607 \begin_layout Standard
38608 To insert floats, as described in section
38609 \begin_inset space ~
38613 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38615 reference "sec:Floats"
38619 and in detail the chapter
38626 \begin_inset space ~
38634 \begin_layout Subsection
38638 \begin_layout Standard
38639 To insert notes, described in section
38640 \begin_inset space ~
38644 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38646 reference "sec:Notes"
38653 \begin_layout Subsection
38657 \begin_layout Standard
38658 Inserts a branch inset, if any, and allowing you to create and insert a
38660 Branches are described in section
38661 \begin_inset space ~
38665 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38667 reference "sec:Branches"
38674 \begin_layout Subsection
38678 \begin_layout Standard
38679 Inserts document class-specific insets.
38680 Such insets only exist if they are defined in the layout file for a certain
38682 An example is the document class
38683 \begin_inset Quotes eld
38687 \begin_inset Quotes erd
38690 with three custom insets.
38693 Flex insets and InsetLayout
38697 Installing New Document Classes, The Layout file format
38703 manual explains how custom insets are defined.
38706 \begin_layout Subsection
38708 \begin_inset Index idx
38711 \begin_layout Plain Layout
38720 \begin_layout Standard
38721 This menu entry allows you to insert or include the contents of other files
38723 For more information see chapter
38725 External Document Parts
38728 \begin_inset space ~
38734 \begin_layout Subsection
38736 \begin_inset Index idx
38739 \begin_layout Plain Layout
38748 \begin_layout Standard
38749 Inserts a box in a certain style.
38750 Boxes are described in detail in the chapter
38757 \begin_inset space ~
38765 \begin_layout Subsection
38769 \begin_layout Standard
38774 dialog as described in section
38775 \begin_inset space ~
38779 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38781 reference "sec:Bibliography"
38788 \begin_layout Subsection
38792 \begin_layout Standard
38797 as described in section
38798 \begin_inset space ~
38802 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38804 reference "sec:Cross-References"
38811 \begin_layout Subsection
38815 \begin_layout Standard
38820 as described in section
38821 \begin_inset space ~
38825 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38827 reference "sec:Cross-References"
38834 \begin_layout Subsection
38836 \begin_inset Index idx
38839 \begin_layout Plain Layout
38846 \begin_inset Index idx
38849 \begin_layout Plain Layout
38850 Tables ! Multi-page ! Caption
38858 \begin_layout Standard
38859 Inserts a caption in a float or multi-page table.
38860 Floats are described in section
38861 \begin_inset space ~
38865 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38867 reference "sec:Floats"
38871 ; captions in multi-page tables are described in the section
38873 Multi-page Captions
38878 \begin_inset space ~
38886 \begin_layout Subsection
38890 \begin_layout Standard
38891 Inserts an index entry as described in section
38892 \begin_inset space ~
38896 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38898 reference "sec:Index"
38905 \begin_layout Subsection
38909 \begin_layout Standard
38910 Inserts a nomenclature entry as described in section
38911 \begin_inset space ~
38915 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38917 reference "sec:Nomenclature"
38924 \begin_layout Subsection
38928 \begin_layout Standard
38929 Opens a dialog allowing you to specify the rows and columns of the table.
38930 Tables are described in section
38931 \begin_inset space ~
38935 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38937 reference "sec:Tables"
38941 and in detail in the chapter
38948 \begin_inset space ~
38956 \begin_layout Subsection
38960 \begin_layout Standard
38966 Graphics are described in section
38967 \begin_inset space ~
38971 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38973 reference "sec:Graphics"
38980 \begin_layout Subsection
38984 \begin_layout Standard
38985 Inserts a URL as described in section
38986 \begin_inset space ~
38990 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
38992 reference "subsec:URLs"
38999 \begin_layout Subsection
39003 \begin_layout Standard
39004 Inserts a hyperlink as described in section
39005 \begin_inset space ~
39009 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39011 reference "subsec:Hyperlinks"
39018 \begin_layout Subsection
39022 \begin_layout Standard
39023 Inserts a footnote as described in section
39024 \begin_inset space ~
39028 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39030 reference "sec:Footnotes"
39037 \begin_layout Subsection
39041 \begin_layout Standard
39042 Inserts a marginal note as described in section
39043 \begin_inset space ~
39047 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39049 reference "sec:Marginal-Notes"
39056 \begin_layout Subsection
39060 \begin_layout Standard
39061 Is only visible if the cursor is in front, in or behind a section heading,
39062 title or caption of a float.
39063 Inserts a short title as described in section
39064 \begin_inset space ~
39068 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39070 reference "sec:Short-Titles"
39077 \begin_layout Subsection
39082 \begin_layout Standard
39083 Inserts a \SpecialChar TeX
39084 Code box as described in section
39085 \begin_inset space ~
39089 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39091 reference "subsec:TeX-Code-Boxes"
39098 \begin_layout Subsection
39100 \begin_inset Index idx
39103 \begin_layout Plain Layout
39112 \begin_layout Standard
39113 Inserts a program listings box.
39114 Program listings are explained in the chapter
39116 Program Code Listings
39121 \begin_inset space ~
39129 \begin_layout Subsection
39133 \begin_layout Standard
39134 Inserts the actual date.
39135 The format depends on the date format of the language that is used for
39140 \begin_layout Subsection
39144 \begin_layout Standard
39145 Inserts a preview inset as described in section
39146 \begin_inset space ~
39150 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39152 reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
39159 \begin_layout Section
39161 \begin_inset Index idx
39164 \begin_layout Plain Layout
39173 \begin_layout Standard
39174 This menu lists the existing chapters, sections, figures, tables, etc.
39175 \begin_inset space ~
39178 of the current document.
39179 This allows you to navigate easily through your document.
39182 \begin_layout Subsection
39186 \begin_layout Standard
39187 With this menu entry you are able to define your own bookmarks.
39188 This is useful when you are working on a large document and often have
39189 to jump, for example, between section
39190 \begin_inset space ~
39194 To create bookmarks for this example, go to section
39195 \begin_inset space ~
39198 2.5 and use the submenu
39201 \begin_inset space ~
39205 \begin_inset space ~
39212 \begin_inset space ~
39218 \begin_inset space ~
39222 \begin_inset space ~
39228 Now you can jump easily between these sections by using the menu or by
39232 arg "bookmark-goto 1"
39238 arg "bookmark-goto 2"
39241 .You can also use bookmarks to jump between several opened documents.
39244 \begin_layout Standard
39245 The saved bookmarks are valid till the document is closed.
39249 \begin_inset space ~
39254 allows you to clear bookmarks while the submenu
39257 \begin_inset space ~
39262 jumps to the position in the document where you recently changed something.
39265 \begin_layout Subsection
39266 Next Note, Change, Cross-reference
39269 \begin_layout Standard
39270 Jump to the next note, change, or cross-reference after the current cursor
39274 \begin_layout Subsection
39278 \begin_layout Standard
39279 Only active if the cursor is in front of a cross-reference.
39280 Sets the cursor before the referenced label.
39281 (It is the same as if you right-click on a cross-reference box and use
39285 \begin_inset space ~
39289 \begin_inset space ~
39297 \begin_layout Subsection
39301 \begin_layout Standard
39302 Allows you to jump directly to the corresponding text part in the output,
39305 The \SpecialChar LyX
39306 Server\SpecialChar menuseparator
39308 \begin_inset space ~
39316 \begin_inset space ~
39321 manual for a detailed description.
39324 \begin_layout Section
39326 \begin_inset Index idx
39329 \begin_layout Plain Layout
39338 \begin_layout Subsection
39342 \begin_layout Standard
39343 Change Tracking is described in section
39344 \begin_inset space ~
39348 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39350 reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
39357 \begin_layout Subsection
39365 \begin_layout Standard
39366 After running \SpecialChar LaTeX
39367 by viewing or exporting a document, this menu will be enabled.
39368 It shows the logfile of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
39370 You can go to the next error or the next warning, search, copy something
39371 to the clipboard or update the view.
39372 \begin_inset Newline newline
39375 With the help of the logfile, experts can find reasons for \SpecialChar LaTeX
39379 \begin_layout Standard
39382 Open Containing Directory
39384 one can open \SpecialChar LyX
39385 's temporary folder for the document.
39386 This folder contains all converted and created files to generate the output.
39387 Some of these files might be of interest for experts to solve problems
39388 or for writers who need to supply intermediate files.
39389 For example some journals require to send the
39393 file (a text file with the used Bib\SpecialChar TeX
39397 \begin_layout Subsection
39398 Start Appendix Here
39401 \begin_layout Standard
39402 Sets the start of the appendices of the document at the current cursor position
39403 as described in section
39404 \begin_inset space ~
39408 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39410 reference "sec:Appendices"
39417 \begin_layout Subsection
39419 \begin_inset space ~
39425 \begin_layout Standard
39426 This menu entry generates the output in the format you have specified as
39427 default output format for the document (menu
39429 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
39430 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
39431 Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
39433 \begin_inset space ~
39437 \begin_inset space ~
39443 \begin_inset space ~
39447 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39449 reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
39453 ) or in the \SpecialChar LyX
39456 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
39457 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
39459 \begin_inset space ~
39462 Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
39464 \begin_inset space ~
39467 Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
39469 \begin_inset space ~
39473 \begin_inset space ~
39479 \begin_inset space ~
39483 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39485 reference "sec:File-Formats"
39489 ) and opens it in an appropriate viewer.
39490 The viewer can be set or changed in the preferences (menu
39492 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
39493 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
39495 \begin_inset space ~
39498 Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
39500 \begin_inset space ~
39503 Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
39507 \begin_inset space ~
39511 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39513 reference "sec:File-Formats"
39518 The default viewers are set by \SpecialChar LyX
39519 when it is first configured.
39520 The default output format is
39523 \begin_inset space ~
39531 \begin_layout Subsection
39532 View (Other Formats)
39535 \begin_layout Standard
39536 With this menu you can view your document in alternative output formats.
39537 The menu contains a list of available formats in which you can view the
39538 actual document with an external program.
39539 The menu entries are not the same on all installations — it depends on
39540 the \SpecialChar LaTeX
39541 programs that are found when \SpecialChar LyX
39543 All possible formats are listed in section
39544 \begin_inset space ~
39548 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39550 reference "subsec:Export"
39555 You should at least see the menu entry
39560 If it is missing, you need to update or repair your \SpecialChar LaTeX
39562 After updating you have to reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
39564 \begin_inset space ~
39568 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39570 reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
39575 \begin_inset Index idx
39578 \begin_layout Plain Layout
39579 Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
39588 \begin_layout Standard
39589 Invoking a view menu will start a viewer program.
39590 The viewer can be set or changed in the preferences (menu
39592 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
39593 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
39595 \begin_inset space ~
39598 Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
39600 \begin_inset space ~
39603 Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
39607 \begin_inset space ~
39611 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39613 reference "sec:File-Formats"
39618 The default viewers are set by \SpecialChar LyX
39619 when it is first configured.
39622 \begin_layout Subsection
39624 \begin_inset space ~
39630 \begin_layout Standard
39631 This menu entry allows you to update the view with your latest changes (in
39632 the default output format) without opening a new viewer window.
39635 \begin_layout Subsection
39636 Update (Other Formats)
39639 \begin_layout Standard
39640 With this menu you can update the view of alternative output formats of
39641 your document without opening a new viewer window.
39644 \begin_layout Subsection
39645 View Master Document
39648 \begin_layout Standard
39649 This menu item is only visible if your document is included to another document,
39651 \begin_inset Quotes eld
39655 \begin_inset Quotes erd
39665 \begin_inset space ~
39670 manual for more information on this topic).
39671 This item allows you to view the master document from within its child.
39672 That is, if you are working on a child document which is a chapter of a
39676 \begin_inset space ~
39680 \begin_inset space ~
39685 generates the output of the whole book, while
39689 will just output the chapter alone.
39692 \begin_layout Standard
39693 The format used by this function is the default output format as specified
39694 in the document settings (menu
39696 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
39697 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
39698 Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
39700 \begin_inset space ~
39704 \begin_inset space ~
39710 \begin_inset space ~
39714 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39716 reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
39720 ) or in the preferences (menu
39722 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
39723 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
39725 \begin_inset space ~
39728 Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
39730 \begin_inset space ~
39733 Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
39735 \begin_inset space ~
39739 \begin_inset space ~
39745 \begin_inset space ~
39749 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39751 reference "sec:File-Formats"
39758 \begin_layout Subsection
39759 Update Master Document
39762 \begin_layout Standard
39763 This menu item is only visible if your document is included to another document,
39765 \begin_inset Quotes eld
39769 \begin_inset Quotes erd
39779 \begin_inset space ~
39784 manual for more information on this topic).
39785 This item allows you to update the view of a master document from within
39786 its child without the need to switch to the master document itself.
39789 \begin_layout Standard
39790 The format used by this function is the default output format as specified
39791 in the document settings (menu
39793 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
39794 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
39795 Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
39797 \begin_inset space ~
39801 \begin_inset space ~
39807 \begin_inset space ~
39811 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39813 reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
39817 ) or in the preferences (menu
39819 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
39820 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
39822 \begin_inset space ~
39825 Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
39827 \begin_inset space ~
39830 Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
39832 \begin_inset space ~
39836 \begin_inset space ~
39842 \begin_inset space ~
39846 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39848 reference "sec:File-Formats"
39855 \begin_layout Subsection
39857 \begin_inset CommandInset label
39859 name "subsec:Compressed"
39866 \begin_layout Standard
39867 Un/compresses the current document.
39868 For documents under version control it is strongly recommended to disable
39869 compression (see the
39871 Additional Features
39873 manual for details).
39876 \begin_layout Subsection
39880 \begin_layout Standard
39881 Toggles the read-only state for the document.
39884 \begin_layout Subsection
39888 \begin_layout Standard
39889 The document settings are described in appendix
39890 \begin_inset space ~
39894 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39896 reference "chap:The-Document-Settings"
39903 \begin_layout Section
39905 \begin_inset Index idx
39908 \begin_layout Plain Layout
39917 \begin_layout Subsection
39921 \begin_layout Standard
39922 Spell checking is explained in section
39923 \begin_inset space ~
39927 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39929 reference "sec:Spellchecking"
39936 \begin_layout Subsection
39940 \begin_layout Standard
39941 The thesaurus is described in section
39942 \begin_inset space ~
39946 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
39948 reference "sec:Thesaurus"
39955 \begin_layout Subsection
39957 \begin_inset Index idx
39960 \begin_layout Plain Layout
39967 \begin_inset Index idx
39970 \begin_layout Plain Layout
39979 \begin_layout Standard
39980 Returns the number of the words and characters in the actual document or
39981 the highlighted document part.
39984 \begin_layout Subsection
39990 \begin_inset Index idx
39993 \begin_layout Plain Layout
39994 Chk\SpecialChar TeX
40003 \begin_layout Standard
40004 Generates with the help of the program
40006 Chk\SpecialChar TeX
40009 a log of possible \SpecialChar LaTeX
40010 -errors and displays it in a dialog.
40011 This feature is not available on Windows.
40014 \begin_layout Subsection
40020 \begin_inset Index idx
40023 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40033 \begin_layout Standard
40034 Shows you a list of the document classes and styles installed in your \SpecialChar LaTeX
40039 \begin_inset space ~
40044 to see the full filename paths.
40047 \begin_layout Subsection
40049 \begin_inset Index idx
40052 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40061 \begin_layout Standard
40062 Opens a dialog to compare \SpecialChar LyX
40063 files as described in section
40064 \begin_inset space ~
40068 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
40070 reference "sec:Comparison-of-Documents"
40077 \begin_layout Subsection
40079 \begin_inset Index idx
40082 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40088 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40095 Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
40100 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40113 \begin_inset Index idx
40116 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40117 Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
40126 \begin_layout Standard
40127 Reconfigures \SpecialChar LyX
40128 ; that is, \SpecialChar LyX
40129 looks for \SpecialChar LaTeX
40130 -packages and programs it needs; see
40132 \begin_inset space ~
40136 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
40138 reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
40145 \begin_layout Subsection
40149 \begin_layout Standard
40154 dialog as described in detail in appendix
40155 \begin_inset space ~
40159 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
40161 reference "chap:The-Preferences-dialog"
40168 \begin_layout Section
40170 \begin_inset Index idx
40173 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40182 \begin_layout Standard
40183 This menu lists the documentation files of \SpecialChar LyX
40184 in the language of \SpecialChar LyX
40186 If a file is not available in this language, the English version will be
40190 \begin_layout Standard
40194 \begin_inset space ~
40199 shows a \SpecialChar LyX
40200 document with information about the \SpecialChar LaTeX
40201 packages and classes found
40202 by \SpecialChar LyX
40204 \begin_inset space ~
40208 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
40210 reference "sec:LaTeX-Setup"
40217 \begin_layout Standard
40221 \begin_inset space ~
40226 gives information about the copyright, the credits and the \SpecialChar LyX
40231 \begin_layout Section
40233 \begin_inset CommandInset label
40235 name "sec:Toolbars"
40242 \begin_layout Standard
40243 How to show or hide toolbars is explained in section
40244 \begin_inset space ~
40248 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
40250 reference "subsec:Toolbars"
40257 \begin_layout Standard
40258 It is also possible to define custom toolbars.
40259 This is described in the
40261 Additional Features
40266 \begin_layout Subsection
40268 \begin_inset Index idx
40271 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40280 \begin_layout Standard
40281 \begin_inset Graphics
40282 filename clipart/StandardToolbar.png
40290 \begin_layout Standard
40291 \begin_inset VSpace defskip
40297 \begin_layout Standard
40298 The standard toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
40303 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40315 \begin_inset Note Note
40318 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40319 This is necessary to left align the following longtables.
40324 manual for more information.
40332 \begin_layout Standard
40333 \begin_inset VSpace defskip
40339 \begin_layout Standard
40340 \begin_inset Tabular
40341 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="1" columns="2">
40342 <features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
40343 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
40344 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
40346 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40349 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40350 \begin_inset Graphics
40351 filename clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
40361 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40364 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40365 pull-down box for the environments
40378 \begin_layout Standard
40379 \begin_inset VSpace -10mm
40385 \begin_layout Standard
40387 \begin_inset Tabular
40388 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="22" columns="2">
40389 <features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
40390 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
40391 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
40392 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40393 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40396 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40409 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40412 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40415 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
40422 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40423 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40426 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40439 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40442 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40445 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
40452 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40453 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40456 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40469 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40472 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40475 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
40482 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40483 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40486 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40491 arg "dialog-show spellchecker"
40499 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40502 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40505 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
40512 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40513 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40516 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40521 arg "spelling-continuously"
40529 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40532 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40533 Spellcheck continuously
40539 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40540 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40543 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40556 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40559 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40562 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
40569 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40570 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40573 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40586 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40589 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40592 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
40599 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40600 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40603 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40616 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40619 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40622 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
40629 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40630 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40633 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40646 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40649 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40652 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
40659 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40660 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40663 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40676 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40679 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40682 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
40689 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40690 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40693 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40698 arg "dialog-show findreplace"
40706 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40709 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40712 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
40714 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
40718 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
40722 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
40731 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40732 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40735 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40738 arg "dialog-toggle findreplaceadv"
40746 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40749 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40752 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
40754 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
40758 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
40762 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
40771 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40772 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40775 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40780 arg "bookmark-goto 0"
40788 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40791 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40794 Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
40795 Bookmarks\SpecialChar menuseparator
40802 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40803 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40806 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40819 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40822 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40823 Emphasize text, function of the
40825 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
40827 \begin_inset space ~
40830 Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
40839 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40840 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40843 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40856 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40859 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40860 Set text to noun style, function of the
40862 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
40864 \begin_inset space ~
40867 Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
40876 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40877 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40880 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40885 arg "textstyle-apply"
40893 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40896 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40897 Format text using the current settings in the
40899 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
40901 \begin_inset space ~
40904 Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
40913 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40914 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40917 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40930 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40933 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40936 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
40937 Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
40939 \begin_inset space ~
40948 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40949 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40952 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40957 arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
40965 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40968 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40971 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
40978 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
40979 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40982 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40985 arg "tabular-insert"
40993 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
40996 \begin_layout Plain Layout
40999 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41006 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41007 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41010 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41015 arg "dialog-toggle toc"
41023 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41026 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41027 Toggle outline window on/off,
41029 View\SpecialChar menuseparator
41036 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41037 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41040 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41045 arg "toolbar-toggle math"
41053 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41056 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41057 Toggle math toolbar on/off
41063 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41064 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41067 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41072 arg "toolbar-toggle table"
41080 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41083 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41084 Toggle table toolbar on/off
41097 \begin_layout Subsection
41099 \begin_inset Index idx
41102 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41111 \begin_layout Standard
41112 \begin_inset Graphics
41113 filename clipart/ExtraToolbar.png
41121 \begin_layout Standard
41122 \begin_inset VSpace defskip
41128 \begin_layout Standard
41129 The extra toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
41133 \begin_layout Standard
41134 \begin_inset VSpace defskip
41140 \begin_layout Standard
41141 \begin_inset Tabular
41142 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="25" columns="2">
41143 <features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
41144 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
41145 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
41146 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41147 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41150 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41163 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41166 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41173 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41174 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41177 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41182 arg "layout Enumerate"
41190 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41193 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41200 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41201 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41204 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41209 arg "layout Itemize"
41217 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41220 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41227 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41228 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41231 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41244 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41247 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41254 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41255 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41258 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41263 arg "layout Description"
41271 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41274 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41281 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41282 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41285 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41290 arg "depth-increment"
41298 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41301 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41304 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
41306 \begin_inset space ~
41310 \begin_inset space ~
41319 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41320 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41323 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41328 arg "depth-decrement"
41336 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41339 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41342 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
41344 \begin_inset space ~
41348 \begin_inset space ~
41357 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41358 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41361 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41366 arg "float-insert figure"
41374 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41377 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41380 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41381 Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
41388 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41389 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41392 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41397 arg "float-insert table"
41405 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41408 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41411 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41412 Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
41419 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41420 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41423 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41436 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41439 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41442 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41449 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41450 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41453 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41458 arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
41466 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41469 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41472 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41479 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41480 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41483 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41488 arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
41496 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41499 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41502 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41509 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41510 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41513 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41526 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41529 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41532 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41534 \begin_inset space ~
41543 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41544 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41547 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41552 arg "nomencl-insert"
41560 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41563 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41566 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41568 \begin_inset space ~
41577 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41578 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41581 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41586 arg "footnote-insert"
41594 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41597 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41600 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41607 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41608 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41611 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41616 arg "marginalnote-insert"
41624 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41627 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41630 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41632 \begin_inset space ~
41641 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41642 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41645 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41658 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41661 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41664 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41665 Note\SpecialChar menuseparator
41667 \begin_inset space ~
41676 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41677 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41680 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41685 arg "box-insert Frameless"
41693 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41696 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41699 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41706 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41707 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41710 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41723 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41726 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41729 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41736 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41737 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41740 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41753 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41756 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41759 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41761 \begin_inset space ~
41770 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41771 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41774 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41779 arg "math-macro newmacroname newcommand"
41787 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41790 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41793 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41794 Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
41801 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41802 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41805 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41810 arg "dialog-show-new-inset include"
41818 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41821 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41824 Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
41825 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
41827 \begin_inset space ~
41836 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41837 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41840 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41845 arg "dialog-show character"
41853 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41856 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41859 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
41861 \begin_inset space ~
41864 Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
41871 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41872 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41875 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41880 arg "layout-paragraph"
41888 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41891 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41894 Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
41896 \begin_inset space ~
41905 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41906 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41909 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41914 arg "thesaurus-entry"
41922 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41925 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41928 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
41942 \begin_layout Subsection
41943 View/Update Toolbar
41944 \begin_inset Index idx
41947 \begin_layout Plain Layout
41948 Toolbar ! View / Update
41956 \begin_layout Standard
41957 \begin_inset Graphics
41958 filename clipart/ViewToolbar.png
41965 \begin_layout Standard
41966 \begin_inset VSpace defskip
41972 \begin_layout Standard
41973 The view/update toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
41977 \begin_layout Standard
41978 \begin_inset VSpace defskip
41984 \begin_layout Standard
41985 \begin_inset Tabular
41986 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
41987 <features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
41988 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
41989 <column alignment="left" valignment="top">
41990 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
41991 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
41994 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42007 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42010 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42013 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
42020 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
42021 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42024 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42029 arg "buffer-update"
42037 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42040 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42043 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
42050 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
42051 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42054 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42059 arg "master-buffer-view"
42067 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42070 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42073 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
42075 \begin_inset space ~
42084 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
42085 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42088 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42093 arg "master-buffer-update"
42101 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42104 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42107 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
42109 \begin_inset space ~
42113 \begin_inset space ~
42122 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
42123 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42126 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42131 arg "buffer-toggle-output-sync"
42139 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42142 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42145 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
42146 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
42147 Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
42148 Synchronize with Output
42154 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
42155 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42158 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42171 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42174 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42177 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
42178 View (Other Formats)
42184 <row interlinespace="2.5mm">
42185 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42188 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42191 arg "update-others"
42199 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
42202 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42205 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
42206 Update (Other Formats)
42219 \begin_layout Standard
42220 * These icons might look different for you if you do not use the default
42224 \begin_layout Subsection
42228 \begin_layout Standard
42229 The change tracking toolbar is explained in section
42230 \begin_inset space ~
42234 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
42236 reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
42240 , the table toolbar
42241 \begin_inset Index idx
42244 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42253 \begin_inset space ~
42258 manual and the math macro toolbar
42259 \begin_inset Index idx
42262 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42275 \begin_layout Chapter
42276 The Document Settings
42277 \begin_inset CommandInset label
42279 name "chap:The-Document-Settings"
42284 \begin_inset Index idx
42287 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42288 Document ! Settings
42296 \begin_layout Standard
42300 \begin_inset space ~
42305 s dialog contains submenus to set properties for the whole document and
42306 is called with the menu
42308 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
42312 You can save your document settings as default with the
42314 Save as Document Defaults
42316 button in any dialog.
42317 This will create a template named
42321 which is automatically loaded by \SpecialChar LyX
42322 when you create a new document without
42326 \begin_layout Standard
42331 resets the document settings to the default of the document class.
42332 This affects mostly class options, the page layout and Numbering & TOC.
42335 \begin_layout Standard
42336 The different submenus of the dialog are explained in the following sections.
42337 There are so many document settings available that it might take a while
42338 to find the one you are looking for.
42339 To find a setting quicker, you can use the search field which is above
42340 the submenus of the dialog.
42342 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
42346 \begin_inset space \space{}
42350 \begin_inset Quotes eld
42354 \begin_inset Quotes erd
42357 , you will see that some submenus will be grayed-out and disabled.
42358 Only the submenus with page settings stay enabled.
42359 The found page settings are labeled red in these submenus.
42362 \begin_layout Section
42366 \begin_layout Standard
42367 Here you set the document class, class options, a graphics driver, and a
42369 Document classes are described in section
42370 \begin_inset space ~
42374 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
42376 reference "sec:Document-Classes"
42384 \begin_layout Standard
42388 \begin_inset space ~
42393 you can load you own layout-file, that is not in \SpecialChar LyX
42398 folder and thus not recognized by \SpecialChar LyX
42399 as a layout for a document class.
42400 For more about layout-files, see the chapter
42402 Installing New Document Classes, Types of Layout Files
42411 \begin_layout Standard
42412 Some classes use special class options by default.
42413 If this is the case, they are listed in the field
42417 and you can decide to use them or not.
42418 If you do not know exactly what the default class options are for, it is
42419 recommended you leave them untouched.
42424 is used for \SpecialChar LaTeX
42425 's graphics, color and page layout packages.
42430 , the default driver for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
42432 It is recommended that you use the default unless you know what you are
42437 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42438 When you want to use one of the following drivers
42439 \begin_inset Newline newline
42444 dvi2ps, dvialw, dvilaser, dvitops, psprint, pubps, ln
42447 \begin_inset Newline newline
42450 you first have to activate them in your \SpecialChar LaTeX
42451 distribution, see section
42456 \begin_inset CommandInset href
42458 target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
42471 \begin_layout Standard
42476 document is necessary if the current document is a child or subdocument.
42477 The master document will be used by \SpecialChar LyX
42478 in the background if the child document
42479 is opened without its master.
42480 This way child documents are always compilable.
42481 More about master and child documents is explained in the section
42488 \begin_inset space ~
42496 \begin_layout Standard
42497 There is also an option to suppress the date and one to use the \SpecialChar LaTeX
42508 \begin_inset Index idx
42511 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42513 packages ! prettyref
42519 \begin_inset Index idx
42522 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42524 packages ! refstyle
42529 for cross-references, see section
42530 \begin_inset space ~
42534 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
42536 reference "sec:Cross-References"
42543 \begin_layout Section
42547 \begin_layout Standard
42548 This submenu is only visible when your document includes child documents.
42549 Please refer to the section
42552 \begin_inset space ~
42560 \begin_inset space ~
42565 manual for details.
42568 \begin_layout Section
42572 \begin_layout Standard
42573 Modules are explained in section
42574 \begin_inset space ~
42578 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
42580 reference "subsec:Modules"
42587 \begin_layout Section
42591 \begin_layout Standard
42593 \begin_inset space ~
42597 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
42599 reference "subsec:Local-Layout"
42606 \begin_layout Section
42610 \begin_layout Standard
42611 The document font settings are described in section
42612 \begin_inset space ~
42616 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
42618 reference "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
42625 \begin_layout Section
42629 \begin_layout Standard
42630 You can specify if paragraphs should be separated by
42642 \begin_inset space ~
42647 and whether it should be a
42650 \begin_inset space ~
42655 can also be specified here.
42658 \begin_layout Standard
42659 Note that \SpecialChar LyX
42660 will not show two columns or the specified line spacing on screen.
42661 That would be impractical, often unreadable, and is not part of the WYSIWYM
42663 However, it will be as you specified in the output.
42666 \begin_layout Standard
42669 Use justification in \SpecialChar LyX
42672 you can decide if \SpecialChar LyX
42673 justifies the text on screen.
42674 This only affects the text inside \SpecialChar LyX
42678 \begin_layout Section
42682 \begin_layout Standard
42683 This dialog is described in sections
42684 \begin_inset space ~
42688 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
42690 reference "subsec:Paper-Size,-Orientation"
42695 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
42697 reference "subsec:Document-Layout"
42704 \begin_layout Section
42708 \begin_layout Standard
42709 Here you can adjust the page margins as described in section
42710 \begin_inset space ~
42714 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
42716 reference "subsec:Margins"
42723 \begin_layout Section
42725 \begin_inset CommandInset label
42727 name "sec:Language-encodings"
42732 \begin_inset Index idx
42735 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42736 Language ! Encoding
42744 \begin_layout Standard
42745 The document language and quote styles are set here.
42746 The encoding specifies how the document content is exported to \SpecialChar LaTeX
42747 (the \SpecialChar LyX
42749 is always encoded in utf8).
42750 All characters that cannot be encoded using the specified encoding will
42751 be exported as \SpecialChar LaTeX
42752 -commands (this can fail if a \SpecialChar LaTeX
42753 -command is not known for
42754 a particular character).
42757 \begin_layout Standard
42758 If you use the option
42763 determines the encoding of a text part from the language of this text.
42764 If the document contains text in more than one language you may get more
42765 than one encoding in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
42767 If you do not use this option then the complete document will always use
42768 exactly one encoding.
42769 Checking this option is the preferred setting.
42772 \begin_layout Standard
42774 also supports Unicode output, which is particularly useful if you need
42775 lots of special symbols or non-alphabetic scripts, respectively.
42776 If you want to use this (and your \SpecialChar LaTeX
42777 installation supports Unicode), choose
42778 one of the four utf8 variants from the list below.
42779 Unfortunately the Unicode support of standard \SpecialChar LaTeX
42780 is quite incomplete, so
42781 it is not uncommon that a file with lots of Unicode symbols works fine
42786 (when \SpecialChar LyX
42787 uses its list of known \SpecialChar LaTeX
42788 -commands), but does not work with a fixed
42789 utf8 encoding (when the list of known \SpecialChar LaTeX
42790 -commands is not used, because all
42791 Unicode symbols can be encoded in utf8).
42792 The situation is much better with Xe\SpecialChar TeX
42793 and Lua\SpecialChar TeX
42794 , two new alternative engines
42795 to standard \SpecialChar LaTeX
42797 Both engines support Unicode natively.
42799 now also supports these two engines (via the output formats
42802 \begin_inset space ~
42810 \begin_inset space ~
42818 \begin_inset space ~
42824 \begin_inset space ~
42828 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
42830 reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
42835 So if you are using many special or accented characters and
42839 fails, you might try out one of these new engines.
42842 \begin_layout Standard
42846 \begin_inset space ~
42851 determines the \SpecialChar LaTeX
42852 -package that is used for hyphenation and the translation
42854 \begin_inset Quotes eld
42858 \begin_inset Quotes erd
42862 The possible settings are:
42865 \begin_layout Description
42866 Default uses the language package that is selected in
42868 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
42869 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
42873 \begin_inset space ~
42877 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
42879 reference "subsec:Prefs-Language"
42886 \begin_layout Description
42887 Automatic selects the most suitable language package for the view/export
42888 format you will use.
42889 In many cases this will be
42894 \begin_inset Index idx
42897 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42905 If the newer package
42910 \begin_inset Index idx
42913 \begin_layout Plain Layout
42915 packages ! polyglossia
42920 is more appropriate (is the case when using Xe\SpecialChar TeX
42921 or Lua\SpecialChar TeX
42922 and non-\SpecialChar TeX
42924 this package will be used instead of
42931 \begin_layout Description
42933 \begin_inset space ~
42944 would be more appropriate.
42947 \begin_layout Description
42948 Custom allows you to specify a language package command of your choice.
42949 For example if you want to use a language-specific package like
42953 (for German texts), type in
42956 \begin_inset Newline newline
42961 usepackage{ngerman}
42964 \begin_layout Description
42965 None will not use a language package.
42966 This is necessary for some document classes for scientific articles.
42969 \begin_layout Standard
42970 Here is a list with the important encodings:
42973 \begin_layout Description
42975 \begin_inset space ~
42979 \begin_inset space ~
42983 \begin_inset space ~
42990 , but the \SpecialChar LaTeX
42996 \begin_inset Index idx
42999 \begin_layout Plain Layout
43001 packages ! inputenc
43007 When using this, you probably need to load some additional packages manually
43008 in the preamble and specify the used encoding for text parts in foreign
43009 languages in \SpecialChar TeX
43013 \begin_layout Description
43014 ASCII the ASCII encoding, covers only plain English (7-bit ASCII).
43016 converts all other characters into \SpecialChar LaTeX
43017 commands, which may result in a big
43018 file when lots of \SpecialChar LaTeX
43019 -commands are needed.
43022 \begin_layout Description
43024 \begin_inset space ~
43028 \begin_inset space ~
43031 1256) MS Windows code page for Arabic and Farsi
43034 \begin_layout Description
43036 \begin_inset space ~
43040 \begin_inset space ~
43043 8859-6) for Arabic and Farsi
43046 \begin_layout Description
43048 \begin_inset space ~
43051 (ArmSCII8) for Armenian
43054 \begin_layout Description
43056 \begin_inset space ~
43060 \begin_inset space ~
43063 1257) MS Windows code page for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian, the same
43064 as the ISO-8859-13 encoding
43067 \begin_layout Description
43069 \begin_inset space ~
43073 \begin_inset space ~
43076 8859-13) for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian, a superset of the ISO-8859-4
43080 \begin_layout Description
43082 \begin_inset space ~
43086 \begin_inset space ~
43089 8859-4) (latin 4) for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian, a subset of the
43090 ISO-8859-13 encoding
43093 \begin_layout Description
43095 \begin_inset space ~
43099 \begin_inset space ~
43103 \begin_inset space ~
43106 1250) MS Windows code page for ISO
43107 \begin_inset space ~
43113 \begin_layout Description
43115 \begin_inset space ~
43119 \begin_inset space ~
43123 \begin_inset space ~
43126 8859-2) (latin 2) covers Albanian, Croatian, Czech, German, Hungarian, Polish,
43127 Romanian, Slovak and Slovenian
43130 \begin_layout Description
43132 \begin_inset space ~
43136 \begin_inset space ~
43139 (EUC-CN) for simplified Chinese, used especially on UNIX OSes, since 2001
43140 this encoding is officially replaced by the encoding GB18030, as GB18030
43141 is not available for \SpecialChar LaTeX
43142 you should try to use the encoding Unicode
43143 \begin_inset space ~
43147 \begin_inset space ~
43153 \begin_layout Description
43155 \begin_inset space ~
43159 \begin_inset space ~
43162 (GBK) for simplified Chinese, is the same as the Windows code page CP 936
43163 except for the Euro currency sign, since 2001 this encoding is officially
43164 replaced by the encoding GB18030, as GB18030 is not available for \SpecialChar LaTeX
43166 should try to use the encoding Unicode
43167 \begin_inset space ~
43171 \begin_inset space ~
43177 \begin_layout Description
43179 \begin_inset space ~
43183 \begin_inset space ~
43186 (EUC-TW) for traditional Chinese
43189 \begin_layout Description
43191 \begin_inset space ~
43195 \begin_inset space ~
43198 1251) MS Windows code page for Cyrillic
43201 \begin_layout Description
43203 \begin_inset space ~
43207 \begin_inset space ~
43210 8859-5) covers Belorussian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian and Ukrainian
43213 \begin_layout Description
43215 \begin_inset space ~
43218 (KOI8-R) standard Cyrillic especially for Russian
43221 \begin_layout Description
43223 \begin_inset space ~
43226 (KOI8-U) Cyrillic for Ukrainian
43229 \begin_layout Description
43231 \begin_inset space ~
43235 \begin_inset space ~
43238 154) Cyrillic for Kazakh
43241 \begin_layout Description
43243 \begin_inset space ~
43247 \begin_inset space ~
43253 \begin_layout Description
43255 \begin_inset space ~
43259 \begin_inset space ~
43262 1255) MS Windows code page for Hebrew, a superset of the ISO-8859-8 encoding
43265 \begin_layout Description
43267 \begin_inset space ~
43271 \begin_inset space ~
43277 \begin_layout Description
43279 \begin_inset space ~
43283 \begin_inset space ~
43286 (EUC-JP) EUC-JP encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
43292 \begin_inset Index idx
43295 \begin_layout Plain Layout
43302 , when using this, set the document language to
43307 \begin_layout Description
43309 \begin_inset space ~
43313 \begin_inset space ~
43316 (JIS) JIS encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
43321 , when using this, set the document language to
43324 \begin_inset space ~
43330 \begin_layout Description
43332 \begin_inset space ~
43336 \begin_inset space ~
43339 (EUC-JP) EUC-JP encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
43345 \begin_inset Index idx
43348 \begin_layout Plain Layout
43350 packages ! japanese
43355 , when using this, set the document language to
43360 \begin_layout Description
43362 \begin_inset space ~
43366 \begin_inset space ~
43369 (JIS) JIS encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
43374 , when using this, set the document language to
43379 \begin_layout Description
43381 \begin_inset space ~
43385 \begin_inset space ~
43388 (SJIS) SJIS encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
43393 , when using this, set the document language to
43398 \begin_layout Description
43400 \begin_inset space ~
43403 (EUC-KR) for Korean
43406 \begin_layout Description
43408 \begin_inset space ~
43412 \begin_inset space ~
43416 \begin_inset space ~
43419 8859-3) (latin 3) covers Esperanto, Galician, Maltese and Turkish
43422 \begin_layout Description
43424 \begin_inset space ~
43428 \begin_inset space ~
43432 \begin_inset space ~
43435 8859-16) (latin 10) covers Albanian, Croatian, Finnish, French, German,
43436 Hungarian, Irish Gaelic, Italian, Polish, Romanian and Slovenian, is designed
43437 to cover many languages and characters with diacritics
43440 \begin_layout Description
43442 \begin_inset space ~
43446 \begin_inset space ~
43452 \begin_layout Description
43454 \begin_inset space ~
43458 \begin_inset space ~
43461 8859-9) (latin 5) for Turkish, is like the ISO-8859-1 encoding where the
43462 Icelandic letters are replaced by Turkish ones
43465 \begin_layout Description
43467 \begin_inset space ~
43471 \begin_inset space ~
43474 (utf8) Unicode utf8 with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
43480 \begin_inset Index idx
43483 \begin_layout Plain Layout
43490 (for the languages Chinese, Japanese and Korean)
43493 \begin_layout Description
43495 \begin_inset space ~
43503 \begin_inset space ~
43506 (utf8) Unicode utf8 to be used with
43513 Lua\SpecialChar TeX
43516 , which use Unicode directly, without the help of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
43523 automatically selects this encoding if you export or preview Xe\SpecialChar TeX
43524 or Lua\SpecialChar TeX
43526 Normally you do not need to set this encoding manually.
43529 \begin_layout Description
43531 \begin_inset space ~
43535 \begin_inset space ~
43538 (utf8x) Unicode utf8 based on the \SpecialChar LaTeX
43544 \begin_inset Index idx
43547 \begin_layout Plain Layout
43554 (comprehensive, including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and CJK scripts).
43557 \begin_layout Description
43559 \begin_inset space ~
43562 (utf8) Unicode utf8 based on the \SpecialChar LaTeX
43568 \begin_inset Index idx
43571 \begin_layout Plain Layout
43573 packages ! inputenc
43579 Currently only a limited range of characters (mainly for Latin scripts)
43583 \begin_layout Description
43585 \begin_inset space ~
43589 \begin_inset space ~
43593 \begin_inset space ~
43596 1252) MS Windows code page for ISO
43597 \begin_inset space ~
43603 \begin_layout Description
43605 \begin_inset space ~
43609 \begin_inset space ~
43613 \begin_inset space ~
43616 8859-1) (latin 1) covers the languages Albanian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch,
43617 English, Faroese, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Icelandic, Irish,
43618 Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish; better use the ISO-8859-15
43622 \begin_layout Description
43624 \begin_inset space ~
43628 \begin_inset space ~
43632 \begin_inset space ~
43635 8859-15) (latin 9) like the ISO-8859-1 encoding, but with the Euro currency
43636 sign, the œ-ligature and some characters used for French and Finnish
43639 \begin_layout Section
43641 \begin_inset Index idx
43644 \begin_layout Plain Layout
43651 \begin_inset Index idx
43654 \begin_layout Plain Layout
43661 \begin_inset Index idx
43664 \begin_layout Plain Layout
43665 Color ! Shaded boxes
43671 \begin_inset Index idx
43674 \begin_layout Plain Layout
43675 Color ! Greyed-out notes
43683 \begin_layout Standard
43684 Here you can alter the font color for the
43688 (default: black), for
43691 \begin_inset space ~
43696 (default: light grey)for the background color for the
43700 (default: white) and for
43703 \begin_inset space ~
43713 sets the color back to the default.
43716 \begin_layout Standard
43717 Clicking any button showing
43725 opens a dialog enabling you to choose from a selection of colors or from
43726 a color-picker or to specify a color using HSL or RGB values.
43727 In the dialog you can add any color to the custom colors to select them
43728 later more quickly.
43731 \begin_layout Standard
43732 Note, if you change the
43735 \begin_inset space ~
43740 font color and use the option
43743 \begin_inset space ~
43748 in the document settings under
43751 \begin_inset space ~
43756 , you probably also need to change the link font color as described in section
43757 \begin_inset space ~
43761 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
43763 reference "sec:PDF-Properties"
43770 \begin_layout Standard
43771 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
43777 \begin_layout Standard
43781 \begin_inset space ~
43790 background for every page in your document if you use these commands as
43793 \begin_inset space ~
43796 Code after a forced page break:
43799 \begin_layout Itemize
43800 For the page color:
43801 \begin_inset Newline newline
43808 pagecolor{color name}
43811 \begin_layout Itemize
43812 For the text color:
43813 \begin_inset Newline newline
43823 \begin_layout Standard
43824 You are restricted to one of
43860 unless you have defined your own color (see the section
43867 \begin_inset space ~
43873 \begin_inset Newline newline
43876 If you have changed a text or background color, you can use the following
43877 names to refer to them:
43880 \begin_layout Itemize
43886 \begin_inset Newline newline
43891 page_backgroundcolor
43894 \begin_layout Itemize
43898 \begin_inset space ~
43904 \begin_inset Newline newline
43912 \begin_layout Itemize
43916 \begin_inset space ~
43922 \begin_inset Newline newline
43930 \begin_layout Itemize
43934 \begin_inset space ~
43940 \begin_inset Newline newline
43948 \begin_layout Standard
43949 To see how to define and use custom colors, see section
43952 \begin_inset space ~
43960 \begin_inset space ~
43968 \begin_layout Section
43972 \begin_layout Standard
43973 Here you can adjust the
43977 depth of section headings and the section depth in the
43981 as described in section
43982 \begin_inset space ~
43986 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
43988 reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
43995 \begin_layout Section
43999 \begin_layout Standard
44000 Here you can specify if a specific citation style using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
44006 \begin_inset Index idx
44009 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44011 packages ! biblatex
44021 \begin_inset Index idx
44024 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44036 \begin_inset Index idx
44039 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44047 If you use Bib\SpecialChar TeX
44050 Sectioned bibliography
44052 using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
44058 \begin_inset Index idx
44061 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44063 packages ! bibtopic
44073 , you can select the style files and specify further options.
44074 Finally, you can select a document-specific
44078 for the generation of the bibliography.
44079 For a further description of these possibilities see section
44080 \begin_inset space ~
44084 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
44086 reference "sec:Bibliography"
44093 \begin_layout Section
44097 \begin_layout Standard
44098 Here you can define the
44102 that will generate your index and you can define additional indexes (see
44104 \begin_inset space ~
44108 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
44110 reference "sec:Index"
44117 \begin_layout Section
44121 \begin_layout Standard
44122 The PDF properties are explained in section
44123 \begin_inset space ~
44127 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
44129 reference "sec:PDF-Properties"
44136 \begin_layout Section
44140 \begin_layout Standard
44141 These options will force \SpecialChar LyX
44142 to use the \SpecialChar LaTeX
44148 \begin_inset Index idx
44151 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44163 \begin_inset Index idx
44166 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44178 \begin_inset Index idx
44181 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44193 \begin_inset Index idx
44196 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44208 \begin_inset Index idx
44211 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44213 packages ! mathdots
44223 \begin_inset Index idx
44226 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44228 packages ! mathtools
44238 \begin_inset Index idx
44241 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44253 \begin_inset Index idx
44256 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44258 packages ! stackrel
44268 \begin_inset Index idx
44271 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44273 packages ! stmaryrd
44283 \begin_inset Index idx
44286 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44288 packages ! undertilde
44293 , or to use them automatically when they are needed.
44296 \begin_layout Description
44297 amsmath is needed for many constructs, so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
44298 -errors in formulas,
44299 ensure that you have this enabled.
44302 \begin_layout Description
44303 amssymb is needed for some special math symbols like bold or upright Greek
44304 letters, so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
44305 -errors in formulas, ensure that you have this
44309 \begin_layout Description
44310 cancel is used for canceled formulas, see section
44313 \begin_inset space ~
44325 \begin_layout Description
44326 esint is used for special integral characters, see section
44329 \begin_inset space ~
44341 \begin_layout Description
44342 mathdots is used for special ellipses, see section
44353 \begin_layout Description
44354 mathtools is used for the math commands
44390 and labeled arrows, see the corresponding sections in the
44397 \begin_layout Description
44398 mhchem is used for chemical equations, see section
44400 Chemical Symbols and Equations
44409 \begin_layout Description
44410 stackrel is used for the math command
44427 \begin_layout Description
44428 stmaryrd is used for a few special math symbols.
44431 \begin_layout Description
44432 undertilde is used for the math command
44440 Accents for one Character
44449 \begin_layout Section
44453 \begin_layout Standard
44454 The float placement options are described in the section
44457 \begin_inset space ~
44465 \begin_inset space ~
44473 \begin_layout Section
44477 \begin_layout Standard
44478 The listings settings are explained in the chapter
44480 Program Code Listings
44485 \begin_inset space ~
44493 \begin_layout Section
44497 \begin_layout Standard
44498 Here you can adjust the characters used for the itemize
44506 set to be used and set the
44511 The itemize environment is described in section
44512 \begin_inset space ~
44516 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
44518 reference "sec:Itemize"
44525 \begin_layout Standard
44526 You can furthermore specify a
44529 \begin_inset space ~
44534 by inserting in this field the \SpecialChar LaTeX
44535 command of the desired character.
44536 For example to use the € sign, you have to insert the command
44543 For math symbols you additionally need to enclose the command with $ signs.
44545 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
44549 \begin_inset space \space{}
44553 \begin_inset Formula $\circlearrowright$
44563 To find the command for a math symbol, create a formula and hover the mouse
44564 over the desired symbol in the math toolbar.
44567 \begin_layout Standard
44568 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
44571 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44576 Some characters require to load special \SpecialChar LaTeX
44577 -packages in the preamble (menu
44580 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
44581 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
44584 \begin_inset space ~
44590 For example for the € sign one needs to add the line
44594 usepackage{textcomp}
44597 For most math symbols it is sufficient to add the line
44601 usepackage{amssymb}
44611 \begin_layout Section
44615 \begin_layout Standard
44616 Branches are described in section
44617 \begin_inset space ~
44621 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
44623 reference "sec:Branches"
44630 \begin_layout Section
44632 \begin_inset CommandInset label
44634 name "sec:Doc-Formats"
44641 \begin_layout Standard
44642 Here you can define some output specifics for the current document:
44645 \begin_layout Description
44647 \begin_inset space ~
44651 \begin_inset space ~
44654 Format: The format that is used when you enter
44655 \begin_inset Quotes eld
44659 \begin_inset Quotes erd
44663 \begin_inset Quotes eld
44667 \begin_inset Quotes erd
44671 \begin_inset Quotes eld
44674 View Master Document
44675 \begin_inset Quotes erd
44679 \begin_inset Quotes eld
44682 Update Master Document
44683 \begin_inset Quotes erd
44690 menu or the toolbar.
44691 The default is set in
44693 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
44694 Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
44696 \begin_inset space ~
44699 Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
44703 \begin_inset space ~
44707 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
44709 reference "sec:File-Formats"
44716 \begin_layout Description
44718 \begin_inset space ~
44722 \begin_inset space ~
44725 Output settings for the menu
44727 Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
44729 \begin_inset space ~
44735 For a detailed description see section
44737 Reverse DVI/PDF search
44742 \begin_inset space ~
44750 \begin_layout Description
44752 \begin_inset space ~
44756 \begin_inset space ~
44759 Options offers settings for the export format
44767 \begin_inset space ~
44772 will assure that the output follows exactly version
44773 \begin_inset space ~
44776 1.1 of the XHTML standard.
44780 \begin_inset space ~
44785 settings are described in detail in section
44787 Math Output in XHTML
44792 \begin_inset space ~
44801 \begin_inset space ~
44805 \begin_inset space ~
44810 is used for the size of equations in the output.
44813 \begin_layout Description
44815 \begin_inset space ~
44820 Save transient properties
44822 controls whether document settings that are frequently switched or that
44823 are specific to the user are saved with the document.
44824 The properties that are affected by option are currently:
44828 \begin_layout Itemize
44829 the activation of change tracking
44832 \begin_layout Itemize
44833 the output of tracked changes
44836 \begin_layout Itemize
44837 the recording of the document directory path.
44840 \begin_layout Standard
44841 Disabling the option can prevent issues in collaborative work and/or when
44842 using a version control system (for instance unnecessary merge conflicts).
44846 \begin_layout Section
44854 \begin_layout Standard
44855 In this text field you can enter commands to load special \SpecialChar LaTeX
44857 define \SpecialChar LaTeX
44859 The preamble is a thing for \SpecialChar LaTeX
44861 You should not enter commands here until you know exactly what you are
44865 \begin_layout Standard
44866 An introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
44867 -syntax is given in section
44868 \begin_inset space ~
44872 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
44874 reference "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
44881 \begin_layout Chapter
44887 \begin_inset CommandInset label
44889 name "chap:The-Preferences-dialog"
44894 \begin_inset Index idx
44897 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44906 \begin_layout Standard
44907 The preferences dialog is called with the menu
44909 Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
44913 It has the following submenus.
44916 \begin_layout Section
44920 \begin_layout Subsection
44924 \begin_layout Subsubsection
44925 User Interface File
44926 \begin_inset Index idx
44929 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44930 Customization ! of toolbars
44936 \begin_inset Index idx
44939 \begin_layout Plain Layout
44940 Customization ! of menus
44948 \begin_layout Standard
44949 The appearance of the menus and toolbars can be changed by choosing a user
44950 interface (ui) file.
44951 A ui-file is a text file where the toolbars and menus are listed.
44959 \begin_layout Description
44964 specifies the menu entries for the standard menus
44967 \begin_layout Description
44974 the menu entries in popup context menus
44977 \begin_layout Description
44982 specifies the toolbar buttons
44985 \begin_layout Standard
44986 To create your own menu and toolbar layout, start with a copy of these files
44987 and edit the entries.
44990 \begin_layout Standard
44991 The syntax of the .inc-files is straightforward: the
45003 entries must be finished with an explicit
45028 and in the case of the
45029 \begin_inset Quotes eld
45033 \begin_inset Quotes erd
45041 The syntax for the entries is:
45044 \begin_layout Standard
45045 \begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
45051 \begin_inset Quotes eld
45059 \begin_inset Quotes erd
45063 \begin_inset Quotes eld
45068 \begin_inset Quotes erd
45074 \begin_layout Standard
45076 \begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
45079 All the \SpecialChar LyX
45080 -functions are listed in the menu
45082 Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
45084 \begin_inset space ~
45092 \begin_layout Standard
45093 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
45099 \begin_layout Standard
45100 For example, assuming you use the menu
45102 Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
45105 quite often and therefore want six available bookmarks, you can add the
45109 \begin_layout Standard
45110 \begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
45116 \begin_inset Quotes eld
45120 \begin_inset Quotes erd
45124 \begin_inset Quotes eld
45128 \begin_inset Quotes erd
45134 \begin_layout Standard
45136 \begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
45140 \begin_inset Quotes eld
45144 \begin_inset Quotes erd
45151 to have the sixth bookmark.
45154 \begin_layout Standard
45158 \begin_inset space ~
45163 allows you to change the appearance of \SpecialChar LyX
45164 's toolbar buttons.
45165 The currently available icon sets are compared in
45166 \begin_inset CommandInset href
45169 target "http://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"
45177 \begin_layout Subsubsection
45181 \begin_layout Standard
45184 Enable tool tips in main work area
45186 enables tool tips showing the content of closed insets like index entries
45190 \begin_layout Subsubsection
45194 \begin_layout Standard
45199 is the number of last opened files that \SpecialChar LyX
45200 should display in the menu
45202 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
45204 \begin_inset space ~
45212 \begin_layout Subsection
45216 \begin_layout Subsubsection
45220 \begin_layout Standard
45223 Restore window layouts and geometries
45226 's main window will be opened with the size and layout that was used in
45227 the last \SpecialChar LyX
45231 \begin_layout Standard
45234 Restore cursor positions
45236 sets the cursor to the position in the file where it was at the end of
45240 \begin_layout Standard
45243 Load opened files from last session
45245 opens all files that were opened in the last \SpecialChar LyX
45249 \begin_layout Standard
45252 Clear all session information
45254 deletes all information from previous \SpecialChar LyX
45255 sessions (cursor positions, names
45256 of last opened documents, etc.).
45259 \begin_layout Subsubsection
45261 \begin_inset CommandInset label
45263 name "subsec:Backup documents"
45268 \begin_inset Index idx
45271 \begin_layout Plain Layout
45280 \begin_layout Standard
45283 Backup original documents when saving
45285 creates a backup copy of the file in the state when it was opened or when
45286 it was saved the last time.
45287 It is stored in the
45290 \begin_inset space ~
45296 \begin_inset space ~
45300 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
45302 reference "sec:Paths"
45306 ) or in the same folder as your document if no
45309 \begin_inset space ~
45315 The backup file has the file extension
45316 \begin_inset Quotes eld
45324 \begin_inset Quotes erd
45330 \begin_layout Standard
45333 Backup documents, every
45335 , you can specify the time between backup saves.
45338 \begin_layout Standard
45341 Save documents compressed by default
45343 always saves files in a compressed format (see also section
45344 \begin_inset space ~
45348 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
45350 reference "subsec:Compressed"
45355 This applies to newly created documents only.
45356 The compression status of existing documents is not changed when saving.
45359 \begin_layout Subsubsection
45360 Windows & work area
45363 \begin_layout Standard
45366 Open documents in tabs
45368 is not checked, every file will be opened in its own new instance of \SpecialChar LyX
45372 \begin_layout Standard
45377 is only active if a \SpecialChar LyX
45382 \begin_layout Plain Layout
45384 \begin_inset space ~
45388 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
45390 reference "sec:Paths"
45394 for information about \SpecialChar LyX
45401 If it is checked, \SpecialChar LyX
45402 documents will be opened in the same running instance
45403 of \SpecialChar LyX
45405 Otherwise a new \SpecialChar LyX
45406 instance is created for each file.
45409 \begin_layout Standard
45412 Single close-tab button
45414 is checked, there will only be one close button (
45424 ) at the right side of the tab bar to close tabs.
45425 Otherwise every document tab has its own close button.
45426 Regardless of this option, one can always close a tab by middle-clicking
45430 \begin_layout Standard
45431 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
45434 \begin_layout Plain Layout
45439 For this option you have to restart \SpecialChar LyX
45440 before the change takes effect.
45448 \begin_layout Standard
45453 you one can decide if a document is closed or hidden when its tab or view
45455 Hidden documents are accessible via the menu
45457 View\SpecialChar menuseparator
45461 Not to close documents can be useful if you open files parallel in several
45462 instances of \SpecialChar LyX
45463 and only want to close the view in once instance.
45466 \begin_layout Subsection
45468 \begin_inset Index idx
45471 \begin_layout Plain Layout
45478 \begin_inset CommandInset label
45480 name "subsec:Screen-Fonts"
45487 \begin_layout Standard
45488 These fonts are used to display your documents within \SpecialChar LyX
45492 \begin_layout Standard
45493 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
45496 \begin_layout Plain Layout
45501 This section only deals with the fonts
45505 the \SpecialChar LyX
45507 The fonts that appear in the output are independent of these fonts, and
45510 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
45511 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
45522 \begin_layout Standard
45523 By default, \SpecialChar LyX
45540 (depends on the system) as its
45543 \begin_inset space ~
45559 \begin_layout Standard
45560 You can change the font size with the
45567 \begin_layout Standard
45572 are calculated as letter height in units of points.
45574 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
45577 points have the size of 1
45578 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
45582 \begin_inset space ~
45586 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
45588 reference "chap:Units-available-in"
45593 The default font sizes are the same as if a document font size of 10
45594 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
45598 The sizes are explained in detail in section
45599 \begin_inset space ~
45603 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
45605 reference "subsec:Document-Font"
45612 \begin_layout Standard
45615 Use pixmap cache to speed up font rendering
45617 enabled, \SpecialChar LyX
45618 needs to redraw the screen less often.
45619 This results in better performance, especially on slow systems.
45620 On the other hand, the characters might look more fuzzy on screen.
45621 So whether you enable this or not depends on whether you prefer speed over
45623 Note that the Pixmap Cache is only available and useful under Mac
45624 \begin_inset space ~
45630 \begin_layout Subsection
45632 \begin_inset Index idx
45635 \begin_layout Plain Layout
45636 Color ! \SpecialChar LyX
45643 \begin_inset Index idx
45646 \begin_layout Plain Layout
45655 \begin_layout Standard
45656 Here you can change the screen colors used by \SpecialChar LyX
45657 by choosing an item in the
45658 list and selecting the
45665 \begin_layout Standard
45666 By checking the option
45670 the color scheme of your OS or window manager is used.
45673 cursor, selection, table line, text, URL
45674 \begin_inset space ~
45678 \begin_inset space ~
45683 are then not customizable and thus not listed.
45686 \begin_layout Subsection
45688 \begin_inset Index idx
45691 \begin_layout Plain Layout
45700 \begin_layout Standard
45701 Here you can specify if graphics are displayed inside \SpecialChar LyX
45705 \begin_layout Standard
45710 enables previewing snippets of your document.
45711 This feature is described in section
45712 \begin_inset space ~
45716 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
45718 reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
45725 \begin_layout Standard
45726 Checking the option
45729 \begin_inset space ~
45733 \begin_inset space ~
45737 \begin_inset space ~
45742 displays a pilcrow (¶) at the end of every paragraph.
45745 \begin_layout Section
45747 \begin_inset Index idx
45750 \begin_layout Plain Layout
45759 \begin_layout Subsection
45763 \begin_layout Subsubsection
45767 \begin_layout Standard
45770 Cursor follows scrollbar
45772 sets the cursor to the top of the currently displayed document part when
45776 \begin_layout Standard
45777 You can adjust the width of the cursor.
45778 If you set the value to zero, the thickness of the cursor scales relative
45779 to the zoom value you choose for the screen fonts.
45782 \begin_layout Standard
45785 Scroll below end of document
45787 is self-explanatory.
45790 \begin_layout Standard
45791 In \SpecialChar LyX
45792 one can jump from word to word by pressing
45799 Use Mac-style for cursor moving between words
45801 the cursor jumps from the end of a word to the end of the next word.
45802 Normally it jumps from the beginning to the beginning.
45805 \begin_layout Standard
45808 Sort environments alphabetically
45810 sorts the entries in the pull-down box for the paragraph environments.
45813 \begin_layout Standard
45816 Group environments by their category
45818 groups the entries in the pull-down box for the paragraph environments.
45821 \begin_layout Standard
45826 options determine the editing style for math macros, see the section
45837 \begin_layout Subsubsection
45841 \begin_layout Standard
45842 Here you can specify what is hidden in the fullscreen mode.
45847 you can specify the width of the text in fullscreen mode.
45848 This way you can display the text smaller than the screen; the text then
45852 \begin_layout Subsection
45854 \begin_inset Index idx
45857 \begin_layout Plain Layout
45864 \begin_inset Index idx
45867 \begin_layout Plain Layout
45868 Settings ! Shortcuts
45876 \begin_layout Standard
45881 specifies the file to be used to bind a \SpecialChar LyX
45883 Several binding files are available, among them:
45886 \begin_layout Description
45887 cua.bind a typical set of PC keyboard shortcuts
45890 \begin_layout Description
45891 (x)emacs.bind a set of bindings similar to those used in the editor programs
45903 \begin_layout Description
45904 mac.bind a set of bindings for
45907 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
45915 \begin_layout Standard
45916 There are also binding files designed for special document classes, like
45921 , and binding files for special languages.
45922 The names of language binding files begin with a language code, e.
45923 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
45927 \begin_inset space \space{}
45931 \begin_inset Quotes eld
45935 \begin_inset Quotes erd
45939 If you use \SpecialChar LyX
45940 in a certain language, \SpecialChar LyX
45941 will try to use the appropriate binding
45945 \begin_layout Standard
45946 Some binding files, like
45950 , only have a limited scope.
45951 When looking at the end of the file
45955 , you can see that they are included to keep the overview in the bind-file.
45958 \begin_layout Standard
45962 \begin_inset space ~
45966 \begin_inset space ~
45971 allows you to search for the shortcut provided for a particular function
45972 in the selected key binding file.
45975 \begin_layout Subsubsection
45977 \begin_inset CommandInset label
45979 name "subsec:Editing-Shortcuts"
45984 \begin_inset Index idx
45987 \begin_layout Plain Layout
45988 Key Bindings ! Editing
45996 \begin_layout Standard
45997 To add new or modify existing key bindings to your own taste you can use
45998 the table in the dialog that lists all \SpecialChar LyX
45999 functions and the bound shortcuts.
46000 To find functions easily, they are grouped by categories and the dialog
46003 Show key-bindings containing
46006 In this field you can insert a keyword for a function you want to edit.
46007 Insert there for example as keyword
46008 \begin_inset Quotes eld
46012 \begin_inset Quotes erd
46015 and you get the four different existing shortcuts for the three different
46016 functions that contain
46017 \begin_inset Quotes eld
46021 \begin_inset Quotes erd
46025 As you can see, one function can have more than one shortcut.
46026 All \SpecialChar LyX
46027 functions are also listed in the file
46032 that you will find in the
46039 \begin_layout Standard
46040 For example, to add the shortcut
46048 , select the function and press the
46053 A dialog pops up where you can add the shortcut by using it.
46054 So press Alt+Q to define the shortcut.
46057 \begin_layout Standard
46058 Modifying an existing shortcut is done the same way.
46059 You can also bind multiple functions to one shortcut by starting the \SpecialChar LyX
46061 definition with “command alternatives” and following it with the different
46062 function names as a semicolon separated list.
46064 will then use the first function that is enabled in the current document
46069 \begin_layout Standard
46070 If you don't like a particular shortcut, you can remove it.
46073 \begin_layout Standard
46074 Alternatively you can also edit shortcuts by modifying binding files with
46076 The syntax of the entries is:
46079 \begin_layout Standard
46085 \begin_inset Quotes eld
46089 \begin_inset Quotes erd
46093 \begin_inset Quotes eld
46098 \begin_inset Quotes erd
46102 \change_inserted -712698321 1503738349
46106 \begin_layout Standard
46108 \change_inserted -712698321 1503740883
46109 Note, though, that the key combination definition uses a specific syntax.
46110 This applies to the designators of specific modifier keys (e.
46111 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
46138 , respectively) as well as to the other keys.
46139 Note particularly that you cannot use non-alphanumeric characters directly
46140 in the definition of the key combination, but must use commands following
46141 the Xlib standard instead (please refer to the existing bind files for
46143 So if you wanted to bind a command to the key combination
46147 , you needed to specify it as
46152 If you use the dialog to edit key bindings, you don't have to care for
46155 transforms your input to the correct syntax.
46160 \begin_layout Subsection
46162 \begin_inset CommandInset label
46164 name "subsec:Keyboard-Map"
46169 \begin_inset Index idx
46172 \begin_layout Plain Layout
46179 \begin_inset Index idx
46182 \begin_layout Plain Layout
46183 Settings ! Keyboard Map
46191 \begin_layout Standard
46192 Normally keyboard settings are made in a menu of your operating system.
46193 For the case thatWhere this is not possible, \SpecialChar LyX
46194 provides keyboard maps.
46195 If, for example, you have a Czech keyboard but want to use it as if it
46196 is a Romanian one, you can enable
46199 \begin_inset space ~
46203 \begin_inset space ~
46208 and select the keyboard map file named
46215 \begin_layout Standard
46224 keyboard map and, if you use the
46228 bindings, you can select the first and second with
46231 arg "keymap-primary"
46237 arg "keymap-secondary"
46240 respectively or toggle between them with
46243 arg "keymap-toggle"
46249 \begin_layout Standard
46250 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
46253 \begin_layout Plain Layout
46258 Keyboard maps can only provide a makeshift solution and don't work on all
46267 \begin_layout Standard
46268 You can also specify the mouse
46270 Wheel scrolling speed
46273 The standard value is 1.0; higher values speed up the scrolling, lower ones
46277 Middle mouse button pasting
46279 you can determine if pressing the middle mouse button (or the mouse wheel)
46280 inserts the content of the clipboard.
46283 \begin_layout Standard
46291 \begin_inset space ~
46295 \begin_inset space ~
46300 you can select a key for zooming.
46301 When this key is pressed and the mouse wheel is rotated, the text is zoomed.
46304 \begin_layout Subsection
46308 \begin_layout Standard
46309 Input completion is described in section
46310 \begin_inset space ~
46314 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
46316 reference "sec:Input-Completion"
46323 \begin_layout Section
46325 \begin_inset CommandInset label
46332 \begin_inset Index idx
46335 \begin_layout Plain Layout
46342 \begin_inset Index idx
46345 \begin_layout Plain Layout
46354 \begin_layout Standard
46355 The paths to the various resources used by \SpecialChar LyX
46356 are normally determined during
46358 But there may be reasons why you might want to modify them.
46361 \begin_layout Description
46363 \begin_inset space ~
46366 directory This is \SpecialChar LyX
46367 's working directory.
46368 It is the default when you
46379 \begin_inset space ~
46387 \begin_layout Description
46389 \begin_inset space ~
46392 templates This directory will be opened when you use the menu
46394 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
46396 \begin_inset space ~
46400 \begin_inset space ~
46408 \begin_layout Description
46410 \begin_inset space ~
46413 files This directory will be opened when you use the button
46419 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
46423 \begin_inset Newline newline
46427 \begin_inset Note Greyedout
46430 \begin_layout Plain Layout
46439 button does not exist when using \SpecialChar LyX
46440 on Mac OS and Windows systems.
46448 \begin_layout Description
46450 \begin_inset space ~
46454 \begin_inset Index idx
46457 \begin_layout Plain Layout
46463 Backup copies will be saved to this directory.
46464 If no directory is given but backups are enabled as described in section
46465 \begin_inset space ~
46469 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
46471 reference "subsec:Backup documents"
46479 will be used to save the backups.
46480 \begin_inset Newline newline
46483 Backup files have the ending
46484 \begin_inset Quotes eld
46488 \begin_inset Quotes erd
46494 \begin_layout Description
46496 \begin_inset space ~
46499 pipe Here you can enter the name of a so-called UNIX-pipe.
46500 This pipe is used to send data from external programs to \SpecialChar LyX
46502 \begin_inset Newline newline
46509 You add a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
46515 You can edit this file with the program
46524 you have to use the same Unix-Pipe for \SpecialChar LyX
46525 in its preferences under
46528 \begin_inset space ~
46534 If you want to get one entry of the database as citation, select it in
46539 and click on the \SpecialChar LyX
46541 The entry will now be inserted as a citation at the current cursor position
46542 in your \SpecialChar LyX
46548 and \SpecialChar LyX
46549 need to be running the same time.
46550 \begin_inset Newline newline
46553 The pipe is also used for the
46557 feature, see section
46558 \begin_inset space ~
46562 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
46564 reference "subsec:Backup documents"
46569 \begin_inset Newline newline
46572 To use the \SpecialChar LyX
46573 Server-Pipe on Windows, you must use this pipe name:
46574 \begin_inset Newline newline
46590 \begin_layout Description
46592 \begin_inset space ~
46595 directory Temporary files will be saved in this directory.
46598 \begin_layout Description
46600 \begin_inset space ~
46603 dictionary Directory where the thesaurus dictionaries are located.
46604 You only need to specify it if the thesaurus does not work or if you want
46605 to use custom/alternative dictionaries.
46608 \begin_layout Description
46610 \begin_inset space ~
46613 dictionary Directory where the dictionaries of the spell checker program
46619 You only need to specify it if you are using
46623 and spell checking does not work or if you want to use custom/alternative
46625 For \SpecialChar LyX
46630 is the only available spell checker and should work without specifying
46634 \begin_layout Description
46636 \begin_inset space ~
46639 prefix This field contains a list of paths to external programs.
46640 When \SpecialChar LyX
46641 needs to use an external program, it looks in this list to see where
46642 to find it on the system.
46643 The path list is automatically set up on Windows and Mac systems when \SpecialChar LyX
46645 is configured; so you normally don't have to modify it.
46647 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
46651 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
46654 Linux systems, the path list will need to be set only if there are external
46655 programs you wish to use that are not in your normal system path ($PATH).
46658 \begin_layout Description
46660 \begin_inset space ~
46663 prefix The TEXINPUTS environment variable allows you to use external files
46664 which are included in a \SpecialChar LyX
46665 document via commands in \SpecialChar TeX
46666 code or in the document
46668 This prefix includes by default the document directory (represented by
46670 The prefix can contain any list of paths separated by the default separator
46671 of the OS (':' on UNIX like systems and ';' on Windows).
46672 If files are included, the paths listed in the TEXINPUTS prefix will be
46673 scanned for the input files.
46674 Note that any non-absolute path listed in the TEXINPUTS prefix is considered
46675 to be relative to the directory of your \SpecialChar LyX
46677 It is recommended that you always include '.' as one of the paths; otherwise
46678 compilation may fail for some documents.
46681 \begin_layout Section
46685 \begin_layout Standard
46686 Here you can insert your
46695 These will be used when you have enabled change tracking, as described
46697 \begin_inset space ~
46701 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
46703 reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
46707 , to mark changes you make as yours.
46710 \begin_layout Section
46712 \begin_inset Index idx
46715 \begin_layout Plain Layout
46716 Language ! Settings
46722 \begin_inset Index idx
46725 \begin_layout Plain Layout
46726 Settings ! Language
46734 \begin_layout Subsection
46736 \begin_inset CommandInset label
46738 name "subsec:Prefs-Language"
46745 \begin_layout Description
46747 \begin_inset space ~
46751 \begin_inset space ~
46754 language Here you can select the language for \SpecialChar LyX
46756 You can find its actual translation status here:
46757 \begin_inset CommandInset href
46759 target "http://www.lyx.org/I18n"
46767 \begin_layout Description
46769 \begin_inset space ~
46772 package determines which \SpecialChar LaTeX
46773 package should be loaded to handle language issues.
46774 Language issues that are handled by this package include proper hyphenation
46775 as well as localization of dates and text strings such as
46776 \begin_inset Quotes eld
46780 \begin_inset Quotes erd
46784 \begin_inset Quotes eld
46788 \begin_inset Quotes erd
46792 The most widespread language package is
46797 \begin_inset Index idx
46800 \begin_layout Plain Layout
46807 ; it is the default language package in classic \SpecialChar LaTeX
46809 More recent typesetting engines such as Xe\SpecialChar TeX
46810 and Lua\SpecialChar TeX
46811 come with the alternative
46817 \begin_inset Index idx
46820 \begin_layout Plain Layout
46822 packages ! polyglossia
46827 that is more suited to the multi-script support of these engines.
46828 Furthermore, there are also specific language packages for languages not
46834 The available selections are described in section
46835 \begin_inset space ~
46839 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
46841 reference "sec:Language-encodings"
46848 \begin_layout Description
46850 \begin_inset space ~
46853 start If a special \SpecialChar LaTeX
46854 -package is needed to write in a certain document language,
46855 you can here specify the command to start the package.
46856 An example is the start command
46862 that is needed to write Arabic using the package
46864 Arab\SpecialChar TeX
46868 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
46884 selectlanguage{$$lang}
46889 \begin_layout Description
46891 \begin_inset space ~
46899 Some packages, like the default, don't have an end command since the start
46900 command toggles the package on and off.
46903 \begin_layout Description
46905 \begin_inset space ~
46909 \begin_inset space ~
46912 separator Defines the default decimal point for use in tables (decimal point
46916 \begin_layout Description
46918 \begin_inset space ~
46922 \begin_inset space ~
46925 unit Defines the unit that is used as default for lengths in \SpecialChar LyX
46929 \begin_layout Description
46931 \begin_inset space ~
46935 \begin_inset space ~
46938 globally When this option is set, the languages used in the document will
46939 be added as options to the document class options, so that they can be
46940 used by all \SpecialChar LaTeX
46942 Otherwise they will only be used as options for the
46949 \begin_layout Description
46951 \begin_inset space ~
46954 begin When this option is set, documents start with the chosen document
46956 When this option is not set, the
46959 \begin_inset space ~
46964 is explicitly set to the beginning of the document in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
46966 This assures that the correct language is used when you use another
46969 \begin_inset space ~
46977 \begin_layout Description
46979 \begin_inset space ~
46985 \begin_inset space ~
46991 When it is not set, the
46994 \begin_inset space ~
46999 is set to the end of the document.
47002 \begin_layout Description
47004 \begin_inset space ~
47008 \begin_inset space ~
47011 languages Text marked formatted in a language different from the document
47012 language will be underlined in blue.
47015 \begin_layout Description
47017 \begin_inset space ~
47021 \begin_inset space ~
47024 support Enables the use of languages, written from right to left (RTL),
47025 like Arabic, Hebrew or Farsi.
47028 \begin_layout Description
47030 \begin_inset space ~
47033 movement When writing RTL, you can define if the left and right arrow keys
47034 move the cursor visually to the left or right, respectively, or logically.
47035 Logical means that the cursor is moved to the left when pressing the right
47036 arrow key and the cursor is inside text in an RTL language.
47039 \begin_layout Subsection
47043 \begin_layout Standard
47044 The spellchecker settings are explained in section
47045 \begin_inset space ~
47049 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
47051 reference "sec:Spellchecking"
47058 \begin_layout Section
47062 \begin_layout Subsection
47064 \begin_inset CommandInset label
47066 name "subsec:General-output"
47073 \begin_layout Description
47075 \begin_inset space ~
47078 search Commands that will be used for the menu
47080 Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
47082 \begin_inset space ~
47088 For a detailed description see section
47090 Reverse DVI/PDF search
47095 \begin_inset space ~
47103 \begin_layout Description
47105 \begin_inset space ~
47108 Options Options for the program
47112 that is used for the export format
47117 \begin_inset space ~
47121 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
47123 reference "subsec:Export"
47128 Possible options are listed in the
47133 \begin_inset Newline newline
47137 \begin_inset Flex URL
47140 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47142 https://www.tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html
47152 \begin_layout Description
47154 \begin_inset space ~
47158 \begin_inset space ~
47161 length sets the maximum number of characters printed in one line when using
47164 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
47165 Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
47167 \begin_inset space ~
47173 Setting the line length to 0 means all text is printed in one endless line.
47176 \begin_layout Description
47178 \begin_inset space ~
47182 \begin_inset Index idx
47185 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47192 \begin_inset Index idx
47195 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47196 Settings ! Date format
47201 The date format can be one or a mixture of the formats listed here:
47202 \begin_inset Newline newline
47206 \begin_inset Flex URL
47209 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47211 http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/date.1.html
47217 \begin_inset Newline newline
47220 For example the format
47221 \begin_inset Newline newline
47225 \begin_inset Newline newline
47228 prints the date as day/month/year.
47231 \begin_layout Description
47233 \begin_inset space ~
47237 \begin_inset space ~
47240 export Setting what \SpecialChar LyX
47241 is allowed to overwrite on export.
47244 \begin_layout Subsection
47250 \begin_inset CommandInset label
47252 name "subsec:LaTeX-settings"
47257 \begin_inset Index idx
47260 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47261 Settings ! \SpecialChar LaTeX
47270 \begin_layout Description
47272 \begin_inset space ~
47280 \begin_inset space ~
47284 \begin_inset space ~
47287 encoding This is the default encoding of the document font.
47292 is the default and covers western languages and symbols.
47313 are used for Cyrillic.
47314 Combinations of the encodings are possible, like
47315 \begin_inset Quotes eld
47323 \begin_inset Quotes erd
47327 The font encoding is normally automatically loaded by the language packages
47329 sets up in the background.
47330 So there is no need to change the default encoding.
47333 \begin_layout Description
47335 \begin_inset space ~
47339 \begin_inset space ~
47343 \begin_inset space ~
47347 \begin_inset space ~
47350 options They only have an effect when the program
47354 is used as DVI-viewer, read its manual to find out more.
47357 \begin_layout Standard
47358 Here you can also specify options and commands with parameters for processors.
47359 But before you change something, it is strongly recommended to read the
47360 manuals of the applications.
47363 \begin_layout Description
47365 \begin_inset space ~
47368 generation Settings for the generation of the bibliography, see section
47369 \begin_inset space ~
47373 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
47375 reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
47382 \begin_layout Description
47384 \begin_inset space ~
47387 generation Settings for the generation of the index, see section
47388 \begin_inset space ~
47392 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
47394 reference "subsec:Index-Program"
47401 \begin_layout Description
47403 \begin_inset space ~
47406 command Command for the program that generates the nomenclature, see section
47407 \begin_inset space ~
47411 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
47413 reference "subsec:Nomenclature-Program"
47420 \begin_layout Description
47426 \begin_inset space ~
47429 command Command for the program
47431 Check\SpecialChar TeX
47434 that is described in the section
47436 Checking \SpecialChar TeX
47441 Additional Features
47446 \begin_layout Standard
47447 There are additionally the following options:
47450 \begin_layout Description
47452 \begin_inset space ~
47456 \begin_inset space ~
47460 \begin_inset space ~
47464 \begin_inset space ~
47469 \begin_inset space ~
47472 files Uses paths in the notation of Windows, that means that
47473 \begin_inset Quotes eld
47479 \begin_inset Quotes erd
47483 \begin_inset Quotes eld
47487 \begin_inset Quotes erd
47490 to separate folders.
47491 This option is enabled by default when you use \SpecialChar LyX
47493 \begin_inset Index idx
47496 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47503 \begin_inset Index idx
47506 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47515 \begin_layout Description
47517 \begin_inset space ~
47521 \begin_inset space ~
47525 \begin_inset space ~
47529 \begin_inset space ~
47533 \begin_inset space ~
47537 \begin_inset space ~
47540 changes Removes all manually set
47546 Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
47547 Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
47549 \begin_inset space ~
47554 dialog when changing the document class.
47557 \begin_layout Section
47559 \begin_inset space ~
47563 \begin_inset Index idx
47566 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47575 \begin_layout Subsection
47577 \begin_inset CommandInset label
47579 name "subsec:Converters"
47584 \begin_inset Index idx
47587 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47596 \begin_layout Standard
47597 Here you find the list of defined converter commands to convert material
47598 from one format to another.
47599 You can modify converters or create new ones.
47600 To modify a converter, select it, change the entry of the
47607 \begin_inset space ~
47612 field and press the
47617 To create a new converter, select an existing one, select a different format
47621 \begin_inset space ~
47626 drop-down list, modify the
47630 field and press the
47637 \begin_layout Standard
47640 Converter File Cache
47646 , conversions will be cached as long as specified in the field
47648 Maximum Age (in days
47651 This means that images don't need to be converted again when you reopen
47652 a document; the converted images from the cache will be used instead.
47655 \begin_layout Standard
47656 More about converters, like the flags that can be used in the converter
47657 definition, is described in the section
47668 \begin_layout Subsection
47670 \begin_inset CommandInset label
47672 name "sec:File-Formats"
47677 \begin_inset Index idx
47680 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47687 \begin_inset Index idx
47690 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47699 \begin_layout Standard
47700 Here you find the list of defined file formats that \SpecialChar LyX
47710 programs that should be used for certain formats.
47713 \begin_layout Standard
47714 You can also define the
47716 Default output format
47718 that is used when you use
47720 View, Update, View Master Document
47724 Update Master Document
47730 menu or the toolbar.
47733 \begin_layout Standard
47734 More about formats and their options is described in the section
47745 \begin_layout Standard
47746 Since all conversions from one format to another take place in \SpecialChar LyX
47748 directory, it is sometimes necessary to modify a file before copying it
47749 to the temporary directory so that the conversion may be performed.
47750 This is done by specifying a
47755 More about this is described in the section
47766 \begin_layout Chapter
47767 Units available in \SpecialChar LyX
47769 \begin_inset Index idx
47772 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47779 \begin_inset CommandInset label
47781 name "chap:Units-available-in"
47788 \begin_layout Standard
47790 \begin_inset space ~
47794 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
47796 reference "tab:Units"
47800 explains all the units available in \SpecialChar LyX
47801 and used in this documentation.
47804 \begin_layout Standard
47805 \begin_inset Float table
47811 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47812 \begin_inset Caption Standard
47814 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47815 \begin_inset CommandInset label
47829 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47830 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
47836 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47838 \begin_inset Tabular
47839 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="3">
47840 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
47841 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
47842 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
47843 <column alignment="center" valignment="top">
47845 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
47848 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47854 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
47857 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47863 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
47866 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47875 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
47878 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47884 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
47887 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47893 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
47896 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47904 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
47907 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47913 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
47916 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47922 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
47925 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47933 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
47936 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47942 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
47945 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47951 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
47954 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47962 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
47965 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47971 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
47974 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47976 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
47980 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
47988 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
47991 \begin_layout Plain Layout
47999 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48002 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48008 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48011 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48013 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
48017 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
48025 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48028 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48036 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48039 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48045 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48048 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48049 scaled point (65536
48050 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
48054 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
48062 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48065 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48073 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48076 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48082 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48085 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48087 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
48091 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
48099 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48102 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48110 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48113 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48119 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48122 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48124 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
48128 \begin_inset Formula $\approx$
48132 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
48140 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48143 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48151 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48154 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48160 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48163 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48165 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
48169 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
48177 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48180 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48188 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48191 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48197 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48200 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48201 % of original image width
48206 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48209 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48217 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48220 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48226 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48229 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48235 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48238 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48248 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48251 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48257 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48260 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48266 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48269 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48279 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48282 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48288 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48291 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48297 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48300 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48310 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48313 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48319 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48322 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48328 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48331 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48341 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48344 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48350 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48353 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48359 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48362 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48372 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48375 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48381 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48384 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48390 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48393 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48403 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48406 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48412 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48415 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48425 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48428 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48436 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48439 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48445 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48448 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48458 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48461 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48469 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48472 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48478 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
48481 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48483 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
48487 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
48495 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
48498 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48517 \begin_layout Chapter
48519 \begin_inset CommandInset label
48521 name "chap:Credits"
48528 \begin_layout Standard
48529 The documentation is a collaborative effort between many different people
48530 (and we would encourage people to contribute!).
48533 \begin_layout Itemize
48536 Alejandro Aguilar Sierra
48539 \begin_layout Itemize
48545 \begin_layout Itemize
48551 \begin_layout Itemize
48557 \begin_layout Itemize
48563 \begin_layout Itemize
48569 \begin_layout Itemize
48575 \begin_layout Itemize
48581 \begin_layout Itemize
48584 Lars Gullik Bjønnes
48587 \begin_layout Itemize
48593 \begin_layout Itemize
48599 \begin_layout Itemize
48605 \begin_layout Itemize
48611 \begin_layout Itemize
48617 \begin_layout Itemize
48623 \begin_layout Itemize
48629 \begin_layout Itemize
48635 \begin_layout Itemize
48636 The \SpecialChar LyX
48638 \begin_inset CommandInset citation
48648 \begin_layout Standard
48649 \begin_inset Newpage newpage
48652 The bibliography on the following page was created with the
48659 \begin_layout Bibliography
48660 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
48661 LatexCommand bibitem
48668 The \SpecialChar LyX
48670 \begin_inset CommandInset href
48673 target "http://www.lyx.org/Credits"
48679 \begin_inset Newline newline
48683 \begin_inset Flex URL
48686 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48688 http://www.lyx.org/Credits
48696 \begin_layout Bibliography
48697 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
48698 LatexCommand bibitem
48699 key "latexcompanion"
48704 Frank Mittelbach and Michel Goossens:
48706 The \SpecialChar LaTeX
48707 Companion Second Edition.
48710 Addison-Wesley, 2004
48713 \begin_layout Bibliography
48714 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
48715 LatexCommand bibitem
48721 Helmut Kopka and Patrick W.
48724 A Guide to \SpecialChar LaTeX
48728 Addison-Wesley, 2003
48731 \begin_layout Bibliography
48732 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
48733 LatexCommand bibitem
48742 : A Document Preparation System.
48745 Addison-Wesley, second edition, 1994
48748 \begin_layout Bibliography
48749 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
48750 LatexCommand bibitem
48760 The \SpecialChar TeX
48764 Addison-Wesley, 1984
48767 \begin_layout Bibliography
48768 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
48769 LatexCommand bibitem
48775 The \SpecialChar TeX
48777 \begin_inset Newline newline
48781 \begin_inset Flex URL
48784 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48786 http://mirrors.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/bytopic.html
48794 \begin_layout Bibliography
48795 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
48796 LatexCommand bibitem
48802 The \SpecialChar LaTeX
48804 \begin_inset Newline newline
48808 \begin_inset Flex URL
48811 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48813 http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq/
48821 \begin_layout Bibliography
48822 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
48823 LatexCommand bibitem
48830 \begin_inset CommandInset href
48832 name "Documentation"
48833 target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxdoc.pdf"
48840 Bib\SpecialChar TeX
48844 \begin_inset Newline newline
48848 \begin_inset Flex URL
48851 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48853 http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxdoc.pdf
48861 \begin_layout Bibliography
48862 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
48863 LatexCommand bibitem
48870 \begin_inset CommandInset href
48872 name "Documentation"
48873 target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/bibtex/tamethebeast/ttb_en.pdf"
48878 how to use the program
48880 Bib\SpecialChar TeX
48884 \begin_inset Newline newline
48888 \begin_inset Flex URL
48891 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48893 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/bibtex/tamethebeast/ttb_en.pdf
48901 \begin_layout Bibliography
48902 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
48903 LatexCommand bibitem
48910 \begin_inset CommandInset href
48912 name "Documentation"
48913 target "http://www.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/biblatex/doc/biblatex.pdf"
48918 of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
48924 \begin_inset Index idx
48927 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48929 packages ! biblatex
48935 \begin_inset Newline newline
48939 \begin_inset Flex URL
48942 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48944 http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/biblatex/doc/biblatex.pdf
48952 \begin_layout Bibliography
48953 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
48954 LatexCommand bibitem
48961 \begin_inset CommandInset href
48963 name "Documentation"
48964 target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/biber/documentation/biber.pdf"
48969 of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
48975 \begin_inset Index idx
48978 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48986 \begin_inset Newline newline
48990 \begin_inset Flex URL
48993 \begin_layout Plain Layout
48995 http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/biber/documentation/biber.pdf
49003 \begin_layout Bibliography
49004 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49005 LatexCommand bibitem
49012 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49014 name "Documentation"
49015 target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.pdf"
49025 \begin_inset Newline newline
49029 \begin_inset Flex URL
49032 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49034 http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.pdf
49042 \begin_layout Bibliography
49043 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49044 LatexCommand bibitem
49045 key "makeindex-man"
49051 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49054 target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/manpages.dvi"
49064 \begin_inset Newline newline
49068 \begin_inset Flex URL
49071 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49073 http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/manpages.dvi
49081 \begin_layout Bibliography
49082 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49083 LatexCommand bibitem
49090 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49092 name "Documentation"
49093 target "http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html"
49103 \begin_inset Newline newline
49107 \begin_inset Flex URL
49110 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49112 http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html
49120 \begin_layout Bibliography
49121 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49122 LatexCommand bibitem
49129 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49131 name "Documentation"
49132 target "http://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex"
49137 of the AMS \SpecialChar LaTeX
49139 \begin_inset Newline newline
49143 \begin_inset Flex URL
49146 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49148 http://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex
49156 \begin_layout Bibliography
49157 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49158 LatexCommand bibitem
49165 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49167 name "Documentation"
49168 target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption-eng.pdf"
49173 of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
49179 \begin_inset Index idx
49182 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49190 \begin_inset Newline newline
49194 \begin_inset Flex URL
49197 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49199 http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption-eng.pdf
49207 \begin_layout Bibliography
49208 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49209 LatexCommand bibitem
49216 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49218 name "Documentation"
49219 target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf"
49224 of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
49230 \begin_inset Index idx
49233 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49235 packages ! enumitem
49241 \begin_inset Newline newline
49245 \begin_inset Flex URL
49248 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49250 http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf
49258 \begin_layout Bibliography
49259 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49260 LatexCommand bibitem
49267 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49269 name "Documentation"
49270 target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf"
49275 of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
49281 \begin_inset Index idx
49284 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49286 packages ! fancyhdr
49292 \begin_inset Newline newline
49296 \begin_inset Flex URL
49299 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49301 http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf
49309 \begin_layout Bibliography
49310 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49311 LatexCommand bibitem
49318 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49320 name "Documentation"
49321 target "http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref"
49326 of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
49332 \begin_inset Index idx
49335 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49337 packages ! hyperref
49343 \begin_inset Newline newline
49347 \begin_inset Flex URL
49350 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49352 http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
49360 \begin_layout Bibliography
49361 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49362 LatexCommand bibitem
49369 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49371 name "Documentation"
49372 target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf"
49377 of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
49383 \begin_inset Index idx
49386 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49394 \begin_inset Newline newline
49398 \begin_inset Flex URL
49401 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49403 http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf
49411 \begin_layout Bibliography
49412 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49413 LatexCommand bibitem
49420 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49422 name "Documentation"
49423 target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf"
49428 of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
49434 \begin_inset Index idx
49437 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49439 packages ! prettyref
49445 \begin_inset Newline newline
49449 \begin_inset Flex URL
49452 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49454 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf
49462 \begin_layout Bibliography
49463 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49464 LatexCommand bibitem
49471 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49473 name "Documentation"
49474 target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf"
49479 of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
49485 \begin_inset Index idx
49488 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49490 packages ! refstyle
49496 \begin_inset Newline newline
49500 \begin_inset Flex URL
49503 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49505 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf
49513 \begin_layout Bibliography
49514 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49515 LatexCommand bibitem
49522 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49525 target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic"
49530 how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
49532 \begin_inset Newline newline
49536 \begin_inset Flex URL
49539 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49541 http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic
49549 \begin_layout Bibliography
49550 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49551 LatexCommand bibitem
49558 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49561 target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"
49566 how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
49568 \begin_inset Newline newline
49572 \begin_inset Flex URL
49575 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49577 http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian
49585 \begin_layout Bibliography
49586 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49587 LatexCommand bibitem
49594 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49597 target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic"
49602 how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
49603 for Cyrillic languages:
49604 \begin_inset Newline newline
49608 \begin_inset Flex URL
49611 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49613 http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic
49621 \begin_layout Bibliography
49622 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49623 LatexCommand bibitem
49630 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49633 target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"
49638 how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
49640 \begin_inset Newline newline
49644 \begin_inset Flex URL
49647 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49649 http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi
49657 \begin_layout Bibliography
49658 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49659 LatexCommand bibitem
49666 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49669 target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"
49674 how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
49676 \begin_inset Newline newline
49680 \begin_inset Flex URL
49683 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49685 http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
49693 \begin_layout Bibliography
49694 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49695 LatexCommand bibitem
49702 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49705 target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
49710 how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
49712 \begin_inset Newline newline
49716 \begin_inset Flex URL
49719 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49721 http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
49729 \begin_layout Bibliography
49730 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49731 LatexCommand bibitem
49738 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49741 target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian"
49746 how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
49748 \begin_inset Newline newline
49752 \begin_inset Flex URL
49755 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49757 http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian
49765 \begin_layout Bibliography
49766 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49767 LatexCommand bibitem
49774 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49777 target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian"
49782 how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
49784 \begin_inset Newline newline
49788 \begin_inset Flex URL
49791 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49793 http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian
49801 \begin_layout Bibliography
49802 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49803 LatexCommand bibitem
49810 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49813 target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian"
49818 how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
49820 \begin_inset Newline newline
49824 \begin_inset Flex URL
49827 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49829 http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian
49837 \begin_layout Bibliography
49838 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49839 LatexCommand bibitem
49846 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49849 target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese"
49854 how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
49856 \begin_inset Newline newline
49860 \begin_inset Flex URL
49863 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49865 http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese
49873 \begin_layout Bibliography
49874 \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
49875 LatexCommand bibitem
49882 \begin_inset CommandInset href
49885 target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20"
49890 about new features in
49896 \begin_inset Newline newline
49900 \begin_inset Flex URL
49903 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49905 http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20
49913 \begin_layout Standard
49914 \begin_inset Newpage newpage
49921 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49932 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49948 \begin_inset Note Note
49951 \begin_layout Plain Layout
49958 is the name of the bibliography in the current document language.
49959 It is redefined here with the number 2 at the end to state that the following
49960 bibliography is the second one:
49968 \begin_layout Standard
49969 \begin_inset CommandInset bibtex
49970 LatexCommand bibtex
49971 bibfiles "biblio/LyXDocs"
49972 options "biblio/alphadin"
49979 \begin_layout Standard
49980 The above bibliography is created from a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
49984 \begin_layout Standard
49985 \begin_inset CommandInset nomencl_print
49986 LatexCommand printnomenclature
49992 \begin_inset CommandInset index_print
49993 LatexCommand printindex