1 #LyX 2.0.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
7 % DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!!
9 % This preamble is designed to ensure that the manual prints
10 % out as advertised. If you mess with this preamble,
11 % parts of the manual may not print out as expected. If you
12 % have problems LaTeXing this file, please contact
13 % the documentation team
14 % email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
20 % set fonts for nicer pdf view
21 \IfFileExists{lmodern.sty}
22 {\usepackage{lmodern}}{}
24 \fi % end if pdflatex is used
26 % the pages of the TOC are numbered roman
27 % and a PDF-bookmark for the TOC is added
29 \let\myTOC\tableofcontents
30 \renewcommand{\tableofcontents}{%
31 \pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
34 \pagenumbering{arabic}}
36 % redefine the \LyX macro for PDF bookmarks
37 \def\LyX{\texorpdfstring{%
38 L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@}
41 % used for multi-column text
44 % extra space for tables
45 \newcommand{\extratablespace}[1]{\noalign{\vskip#1}}
47 \options fleqn,liststotoc,bibtotoc,idxtotoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,tablecaptionabove
48 \use_default_options false
56 InsetLayout CharStyle:MenuItem
65 \newcommand*{\menuitem}[1]{{\sffamily #1}}
73 \font_typewriter default
74 \font_default_family default
82 \default_output_format default
86 \pdf_title "LyX's Extended manual"
87 \pdf_author "LyX Team"
88 \pdf_subject "LyX's extended documentation"
89 \pdf_keywords "LyX, Documentation, Extended"
91 \pdf_bookmarksnumbered true
92 \pdf_bookmarksopen false
93 \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
98 \pdf_pdfusetitle false
99 \pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels"
107 \paperorientation portrait
108 \backgroundcolor #ffffff
111 \paragraph_separation indent
113 \quotes_language english
116 \paperpagestyle headings
117 \tracking_changes false
118 \output_changes false
126 Additional LyX Features
134 \begin_layout Plain Layout
136 Principal maintainer of this file is
141 If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX
142 Documentation mailing list,
143 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
146 \begin_layout Plain Layout
148 <lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org>
161 \begin_layout Standard
162 \begin_inset CommandInset toc
163 LatexCommand tableofcontents
170 \begin_layout Chapter
174 \begin_layout Standard
175 This manual is essentially Part II of the
177 User's Guide\SpecialChar \@.
180 The reason for separating this document out is simple: the
184 is already quite lengthy, and it contains information on all of the basic
185 features one needs to know in order to prepare most documents.
186 However, the LyX Team has worked to LyX extensible through various configuratio
187 n files and external packages.
188 That means that if you want to support the Fizzwizzle LaTeX package, you
189 can create a layout file (or module) for it without having to alter LyX
191 We've already had contributions of several new features this way.
192 This is the place where all of those get documented.
195 \begin_layout Standard
196 This manual also documents some special features, like fax support, version
197 control, and SGML support, which require additional software to work properly.
198 Lastly, there's a chapter of LaTeX tools and tips, things you can use to
199 spruce up your documents by directly using the powerful features of LaTeX.
204 only WYSIWYM and will only ever interface to some, not all, LaTeX features.
207 \begin_layout Standard
208 If you haven't read the
212 yet, you are definitely in the wrong manual.
217 is the first place to go, since it describes the notation and format of
219 You should also be thoroughly familiar with the
223 and all of the basic features of LyX before attempting to read this one.
226 \begin_layout Standard
227 Since all the topics in this manual depend heavily on LyX's interaction
228 with LaTeX, this first chapter covers the inner workings of LyX and how
229 to direct LyX to generate exactly the LaTeX code you want.
230 It is obviously for more seasoned LyX users.
233 \begin_layout Chapter
237 \begin_layout Section
241 \begin_layout Standard
242 This chapter is for both TeX-nicians and the LaTeX-curious.
243 In it, we'll explain how LyX and LaTeX work together to produce printable
245 This is the only place in any of the manuals where we assume you know something
249 \begin_layout Standard
250 At one time, LyX was called a
251 \begin_inset Quotes eld
254 WYSIWYM frontend to LaTeX,
255 \begin_inset Quotes erd
258 but that's no longer true.
259 There are frontends to LaTeX out there.
263 \begin_layout Plain Layout
264 Some familar ones are TeXmaker and kile, on Linux, and TeXshop, OSX.
265 There are also the LaTeX modes for vi and emacs, of course.
270 These are basically text editors with the ability to run LaTeX and mark
271 any errors in the file you're editing.
280 run LaTeX, and it also indicates errors in the file, it also does much,
282 For one thing, you don't need to know LaTeX to use LyX effectively.
283 And LyX has added its own extensions to LaTeX.
284 Try the following sometime: select
285 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
288 \begin_layout Plain Layout
289 Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
296 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
299 \begin_layout Plain Layout
306 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
309 \begin_layout Plain Layout
310 View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
316 ), then look at the preamble of the resulting
317 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
320 \begin_layout Plain Layout
327 You'll notice a variety of new macros defined specifically by LyX.
328 These macros are defined automatically, according to the features you use
332 \begin_layout Standard
333 There are several commands that automatically invoke LaTeX.
337 \begin_layout Itemize
338 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
341 \begin_layout Plain Layout
342 View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
351 \begin_layout Itemize
352 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
355 \begin_layout Plain Layout
356 View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
357 Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
366 \begin_layout Itemize
367 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
370 \begin_layout Plain Layout
371 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
380 \begin_layout Itemize
381 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
384 \begin_layout Plain Layout
385 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
394 \begin_layout Standard
395 They will only invoke LaTeX if the file has changed since the last time
400 \begin_layout Standard
401 When LyX runs LaTeX on the file you're editing, it performs these steps:
404 \begin_layout Enumerate
405 Convert the document to LaTeX and save to a file with the extension
406 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
409 \begin_layout Plain Layout
416 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
419 \begin_layout Plain Layout
428 \begin_layout Enumerate
430 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
433 \begin_layout Plain Layout
439 file (maybe several times), and run any other commands (such as
440 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
443 \begin_layout Plain Layout
450 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
453 \begin_layout Plain Layout
459 ) needed to compile the LaTeX file.
462 \begin_layout Enumerate
463 If there are any errors, show the error log.
466 \begin_layout Standard
467 If you've run LaTeX using
468 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
471 \begin_layout Plain Layout
474 \SpecialChar \menuseparator
482 , LyX then runs a DVI viewer to display the DVI-file.
484 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
487 \begin_layout Plain Layout
490 \SpecialChar \menuseparator
498 , LyX performs further steps:
501 \begin_layout Itemize
503 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
506 \begin_layout Plain Layout
512 to convert the DVI file to PostScript.
515 \begin_layout Itemize
516 Run a PostScript viewer, such as
517 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
520 \begin_layout Plain Layout
526 , to display the PostScript file.
529 \begin_layout Standard
530 LyX does similar things when viewing, or exporting, other formats.
533 \begin_layout Section
534 Translating LaTeX files into LyX
537 \begin_layout Standard
538 You can import a LaTeX file into LyX by using the
539 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
542 \begin_layout Plain Layout
543 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
544 Import\SpecialChar \menuseparator
551 This will call a program named
552 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
555 \begin_layout Plain Layout
561 which will create a file
562 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
565 \begin_layout Plain Layout
572 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
575 \begin_layout Plain Layout
582 LyX will then open that file.
586 \begin_layout Plain Layout
587 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
590 \begin_layout Plain Layout
596 can also be run from the command line, of course.
604 \begin_layout Standard
605 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
608 \begin_layout Plain Layout
614 will translate most legal LaTeX, but not everything.
615 It will put things it doesn't understand into TeX code, so after translating
617 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
620 \begin_layout Plain Layout
626 , you can look for TeX code and hand-edit it until it looks right.
629 \begin_layout Standard
630 If you don't know what TeX code is, read the next section.
633 \begin_layout Section
634 \begin_inset CommandInset label
636 name "sec:Inserting-TeX-Code"
640 Inserting TeX Code into LyX Documents
643 \begin_layout Standard
644 Anything you can do in LaTeX you can do in LyX, for a very simple reason:
645 You can always insert TeX code into any LyX document.
646 LyX cannot, and will never be able to, display every possible LaTeX construct.
647 If ever you need to insert LaTeX commands into your LyX document, you can
649 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
652 \begin_layout Plain Layout
658 box, which you can insert into your document with
659 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
662 \begin_layout Plain Layout
663 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
672 \begin_layout Standard
673 Here's an example of inserting LaTeX commands in a LyX document.
674 The code looks like this:
677 \begin_layout LyX-Code
681 \begin_inset Newline newline
687 \begin_inset Newline newline
690 This is an example for a minipage environment.
692 \begin_inset Newline newline
695 can put nearly everything in it, even (non-floating)
696 \begin_inset Newline newline
701 \begin_inset Newline newline
707 \begin_inset Newline newline
711 \begin_inset Newline newline
717 \begin_inset Newline newline
723 \begin_inset Newline newline
729 \begin_inset Newline newline
734 \begin_inset Newline newline
740 \begin_inset Newline newline
746 \begin_inset Newline newline
752 \begin_inset Newline newline
760 \begin_layout LyX-Code
764 \begin_layout Standard
766 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
769 \begin_layout Plain Layout
775 box containing this text is directly after this paragraph.
776 Those of you reading the manual in LyX will only see the TeX code inset.
777 Those reading a printed version of the manuals will see the actual results:
780 \begin_layout Standard
784 \begin_layout Plain Layout
791 \begin_layout Plain Layout
798 \begin_layout Plain Layout
800 This is an example for a minipage environment.
801 You can put nearly everything in it, even (non-floating) figures and tables.
805 \begin_layout Plain Layout
812 \begin_layout Plain Layout
817 \begin_layout Plain Layout
824 \begin_layout Plain Layout
831 \begin_layout Plain Layout
838 \begin_layout Plain Layout
844 \begin_layout Plain Layout
851 \begin_layout Plain Layout
858 \begin_layout Plain Layout
865 \begin_layout Plain Layout
877 \begin_layout Standard
878 In addition to using TeX code, you can also create a separate file containing
879 some complex LaTeX structure and then use
880 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
883 \begin_layout Plain Layout
884 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
894 to include your file (you should select the type
895 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
898 \begin_layout Plain Layout
905 We recommend that you only do this if you have a
906 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
909 \begin_layout Plain Layout
920 Otherwise, you'll have a big job tracking down LaTeX errors.
923 \begin_layout Standard
924 There are a few last points to emphasize:
927 \begin_layout Itemize
932 check if your LaTeX code is correct.
935 \begin_layout Itemize
936 Beware reinventing the wheel.
939 \begin_layout Standard
940 On that last point, LyX does have quite a few features tucked into it, and
942 Be sure to check the manuals to make sure that LyX doesn't have such-and-such
943 feature before you decide you have to do it by hand.
944 Moreover, there are numerous LaTeX packages out there to do all sorts of
945 things, from labels to envelopes to fancy multipage tables.
947 \begin_inset CommandInset href
950 target "http://www.ctan.org/"
954 for details, and see chapter
955 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
957 reference "cha:secrets"
964 \begin_layout Standard
965 If you do need to do some wild and fancy things within your document, be
966 sure to check out a good LaTeX book for assistance.
967 There are a number of them listed in the bibliography of the
974 \begin_layout Section
975 LyX and the LaTeX Preamble
978 \begin_layout Subsection
979 About the LaTeX Preamble
982 \begin_layout Standard
983 If you already know LaTeX, there is no need to explain here what the preamble
985 If you don't, the following will give you some ideas—we recommend again
986 that you consult a LaTeX book for further information.
987 In any case, you should read the points below, because they explain what
988 you can do and what you don't need to do in the LaTeX preamble of a LyX
992 \begin_layout Standard
993 The LaTeX preamble comes at the very beginning of a document,
1001 \begin_layout Itemize
1002 Declare the document class.
1004 \begin_inset Newline newline
1007 LyX already does this for you.
1008 If you're a seasoned LaTeX-nician, and you have a custom document class
1009 you want to use, check out the
1011 Customization Manual
1013 for information on how to make LyX interface to it.
1016 \begin_layout Itemize
1017 Declare the usage of packages.
1019 \begin_inset Newline newline
1022 LaTeX packages provide special commands, which are only available within
1023 a document when the package has been declared in the preamble.
1024 For example, the package
1025 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1028 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1034 forces all paragraphs to be indented.
1035 There are other packages for labels, envelopes, margins, etc.
1039 \begin_layout Itemize
1040 Set counters, variables, lengths and widths.
1042 \begin_inset Newline newline
1045 There are several LaTeX counters and variables which
1049 be set globally from within the preamble in order to have the desired effect.
1050 (There are variables which you can set and reset inside the document, too.)
1051 Margins are a good example of something which must be set in the preamble.
1052 Another example is the label format for lists.
1053 You can actually set these just about anywhere, but it's best to do it
1054 just once, inside the preamble.
1057 \begin_layout Itemize
1058 Declare user defined commands (with
1059 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1062 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1071 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1074 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1083 \begin_inset Newline newline
1086 These are abbreviations for LaTeX commands which appear very often inside
1088 Although the preamble is a good place to declare such commands, they
1092 be declared anywhere (before they are used for the first time, of course).
1093 This can be useful if there is a lot of raw LaTeX code in your document,
1094 which normally should not be the case.
1097 \begin_layout Standard
1098 LyX adds its own set of definitions to the preamble of the
1099 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1102 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1109 This makes LaTeX files generated by LyX portable.
1112 \begin_layout Subsection
1113 Changing the Preamble
1116 \begin_layout Standard
1117 The commands which LyX adds to the preamble of a LaTeX file are fixed; you
1118 can't change them without patching LyX itself.
1119 You can, however, add your own stuff to the preamble by selecting
1120 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
1123 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1125 \begin_inset space ~
1134 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
1137 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1138 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1145 LyX adds anything in the
1146 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
1149 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1155 dialog to its own built-in preamble.
1156 Before adding your own declarations in the preamble, you should make sure
1157 that LyX doesn't already support what you want to do.
1158 (Remember what we said about reinventing the wheel?) Also,
1160 make sure your preamble code is correct
1163 LyX doesn't check it for you.
1164 If there is an error, you're likely to get an error like
1165 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1169 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1172 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1181 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1185 If you see this error, check your preamble.
1188 \begin_layout Subsection
1192 \begin_layout Standard
1193 Here are some examples of what you can add to a preamble, and what they
1197 \begin_layout Subsubsection
1201 \begin_layout Standard
1202 There are two variables under LaTeX that control page position:
1203 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1206 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1215 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1218 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1227 Their names should be self-explanatory.
1228 These variables are useful if you think for a moment about computer labels.
1229 Sometimes, the size of a print medium and the area of the medium that you
1230 can actually print on aren't the same.
1232 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1235 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1244 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1247 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1258 \begin_layout Standard
1259 The default values for
1260 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1263 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1272 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1275 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1284 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1288 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1292 \begin_inset space \space{}
1295 the page isn't shifted.
1296 Unfortunately, some DVI drivers always seem to shift the page.
1297 We have no idea why, or why the sysadmin hasn't fixed such behavior.
1298 If you're using LyX on a system that you don't personally maintain, and
1299 your sysadmin is a doofus,
1300 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1303 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1312 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1315 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1324 Suppose you're left and top margins are always 0.5
1325 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
1329 You can add this to the preamble:
1332 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1340 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1348 \begin_layout Standard
1349 and your margins should now be correct.
1352 \begin_layout Subsubsection
1356 \begin_layout Standard
1357 Speaking of labels, suppose you wanted to print out a bunch of address labels.
1358 There's a rather nice package, available at your nearest CTAN archive,
1359 for printing sheets of labels:
1360 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1363 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1370 Now, your system may not have this package installed by default.
1371 We leave that up to you to check.
1372 You'll also want to read the documentation for it; we're not going to do
1374 Since this is an example, however, we'll give you an example of how you
1378 \begin_layout Standard
1379 First, make sure you're using the
1380 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1383 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1390 Next, you need to put the following in your preamble:
1393 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1399 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1405 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1411 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1417 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1423 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1429 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1435 \begin_layout Standard
1436 This sets things up for Avery label sheets, stock #5360.
1437 You're now ready to print labels, but you'll need to insert LaTeX code,
1438 placing the commands
1439 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1442 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1451 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1454 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1462 around each label text.
1463 This and other special features of
1464 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1467 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1473 are explained in its documentation.
1476 \begin_layout Standard
1477 Someday, someone may write a LyX layout file to support this package directly.
1478 Maybe that someone is you.
1481 \begin_layout Subsubsection
1482 Example #3: Paragraph Indentation
1485 \begin_layout Standard
1486 Americans are trained to indent the first line of
1491 As with all of their other weird quirks, most Americans will whine and
1492 moan until they can have their way and indent the first line of all paragraphs.
1501 \begin_layout Standard
1502 Of course, this behavior isn't standard typography.
1503 In books, you typically only indent the first line of a paragraph
1507 it follows another one.
1508 The idea behind indenting the first line of a paragraph is to distinguish
1509 neighboring paragraphs from one another.
1510 If there is no previous paragraph—for example, if it follows a figure or
1511 is the first paragraph in a section—then there is no need for indentation.
1515 \begin_layout Standard
1516 If you're a typical American (we're still joking!), though, you don't care
1517 about such esoteric things; you want your indentation! Add this to the
1521 \begin_layout LyX-Code
1524 usepackage{indentfirst}
1527 \begin_layout Standard
1528 If your TeX distribution isn't braindead, you'll have this package, and
1529 all of your paragraphs will get the indentation the Founding Fathers intended
1533 \begin_layout Subsubsection
1534 Example #4: This Document
1537 \begin_layout Standard
1538 You can also check out the preamble of this document to get an idea of some
1539 of the advanced things you can do.
1540 Also, there are more examples and an assortment of LaTeX
1541 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1545 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1549 \begin_inset space ~
1553 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
1555 reference "cha:secrets"
1563 \begin_layout Section
1564 LyX and LaTeX Errors
1567 \begin_layout Standard
1568 When LyX calls LaTeX, it tells LaTeX to blithely ignore any errors and keep
1570 It then uses the logfile from the LaTeX run to do a post-mortem.
1571 After analyzing the logfile,LyX displays a dialog listing the errors.
1572 Clicking on any one of them will take you to the position in your LyX file
1573 where the error occurred.
1577 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1579 Analyzing the logfile is a tough job, and LyX doesn't always go to the
1581 There are also cases where LaTeX reports the error on one line, but the
1582 actual error is earlier.
1583 This is not unlike forgetting a closing brace in a program: You'll get
1584 an error, but only later.
1592 \begin_layout Standard
1593 Some folks also like to look at the log file directly: It is available from
1595 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
1598 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1601 \SpecialChar \menuseparator
1605 \begin_inset space ~
1614 There are some fairly common error messages and warnings.
1615 We'll cover those here.
1616 You should look at a good LaTeX book for a complete listing.
1619 \begin_layout Itemize
1620 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1623 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1630 \begin_inset Newline newline
1633 Anything beginning with these words is a warning message for the purpose
1635 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1639 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1642 the LaTeX code itself.
1643 You'll get messages like this if you added or changed cross-references
1644 or bibliography entries, in which case, LaTeX is trying to tell you that
1645 you need to make another run.
1646 You can by-and-large ignore these.
1649 \begin_layout Itemize
1650 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1653 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1660 \begin_inset Newline newline
1663 Another warning message, this time about fonts which LaTeX couldn't find.
1664 The rest of the message will often say something about a replacement font
1666 You can safely ignore these, too.
1669 \begin_layout Itemize
1670 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1673 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1682 \begin_inset Newline newline
1690 They are warnings about lines that were too long and run past the right
1692 Almost always, this is unnoticeable in the final output.
1693 (It can be just a point or two.) Or, only one or two characters extend past
1695 LaTeX seems to generate at least one of these messages for just about any
1697 \begin_inset Newline newline
1700 You can ignore these messages.
1701 Your eyes will tell you if there's a problem with something that's too
1702 wide; just look at the output.
1706 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1707 You can also enable the `draft' option in
1708 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
1711 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1714 \SpecialChar \menuseparator
1722 , and then LaTeX will draw a black box in the margin of lines that are overfull.
1730 \begin_layout Itemize
1731 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1734 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1743 \begin_inset Newline newline
1746 Not quite as common as its cousin.
1747 LaTeX seems to like to print lines that are a bit too wide as opposed to
1748 ones that are a bit too narrow.
1749 We have no idea why.
1752 \begin_layout Itemize
1753 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1756 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1765 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1768 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1777 \begin_inset Newline newline
1780 Warnings about troubles breaking the page.
1781 Once again, just look at the output.
1782 Your eyes will tell you where something has gone wrong.
1785 \begin_layout Itemize
1786 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1789 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1791 \begin_inset Quotes els
1795 \begin_inset Quotes ers
1804 \begin_inset Newline newline
1808 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1812 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1815 isn't installed on this system.
1816 This usually appears because some package your document needs isn't installed.
1817 If you didn't touch the preamble or didn't use the
1818 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1821 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1829 command, then one of the packages LyX tried to load is missing.
1831 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
1834 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1835 Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1841 to get a list of packages that LyX knows about.
1842 This file is updated whenever you reconfigure LyX (using
1843 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
1846 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1847 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
1853 ) and tells you which packages have been detected and what they do.
1854 \begin_inset Newline newline
1858 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1861 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1869 command and the package in question isn't installed, then you'll need to
1870 install it yourself.
1873 \begin_layout Itemize
1874 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1877 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1878 LaTeX Error: Unknown option
1884 \begin_inset Newline newline
1887 Error messages beginning with this are trying to tell you that you specified
1888 a bad or undefined option to a package.
1889 Check the package's documentation.
1892 \begin_layout Itemize
1893 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1896 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1897 Undefined control sequence
1903 \begin_inset Newline newline
1906 If you've inserted LaTeX code into your document, but made a typo, you'll
1908 You may have forgotten to load a package.
1909 In any case, this error message usually means that you used an undefined
1914 \begin_layout Standard
1915 There are other error and warning messages.
1916 Some are self-explanatory.
1917 These are usually LaTeX messages.
1918 Others are downright cryptic.
1919 These are usually TeX error messages, and we really have
1923 what they mean or how to decipher them.
1927 \begin_layout Standard
1928 There's a general sequence you should follow if you get error messages:
1931 \begin_layout Enumerate
1932 Look at the LaTeX code you inserted for typos.
1935 \begin_layout Enumerate
1936 If there are no typos, check that you used the command(s) correctly.
1939 \begin_layout Enumerate
1940 If you get a bunch of error boxes piled up at the very top of the document—and
1941 especially if you see a
1942 \begin_inset Quotes eld
1946 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1949 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1958 \begin_inset Quotes erd
1961 error—it means that there are errors in the preamble.
1962 Start debugging your preamble.
1965 \begin_layout Enumerate
1966 If you didn't add anything to the preamble and didn't add any LaTeX code
1967 to the document, the first suspect is your LaTeX distribution itself.
1968 Check for missing packages and install them.
1971 \begin_layout Enumerate
1972 Okay, so there are no missing packages.
1973 Did you use any of the fine-tuning options in LyX? Specifically, did you
1978 any of them, like trying to manually insert lots of
1979 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1982 \begin_layout Plain Layout
1984 \begin_inset space ~
1993 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
1996 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2003 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2006 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2012 ? Did you try to kludge something together with these instead of using the
2013 appropriate paragraph environment?
2016 \begin_layout Enumerate
2017 All right, you didn't use any of the fine-tuning options, you played by
2019 Did you try to pull a fancy maneuver? Did you do something funky inside
2020 a table or an equation, like inserting a graphic into a table cell?
2023 \begin_layout Enumerate
2024 Do you have long sections of text where LaTeX cannot find a place to break
2025 a line? By default, LaTeX is rather strict about how much extra inter-word
2026 spacing it will add in order to break a line.
2027 Preferably, you should rework the paragraph to avoid the problem.
2028 If this isn't an option, you can wrap your text in
2029 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2032 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2040 to make LaTeX's line breaking more, well, sloppy.
2043 \begin_layout Enumerate
2044 Did you go overboard with the nesting? LyX (currently) doesn't check to
2045 make sure you're in the limits for nesting environments.
2046 If you nested a bunch of environments to the
2047 \begin_inset Formula $17^{\mathrm{th}}$
2050 level, that's the problem.
2051 (The limit in LaTeX is five.)
2054 \begin_layout Enumerate
2055 Okay, you didn't get any error messages, but your output looks awful.
2056 If you have a table or figure that's too wide or long for the page, you
2061 \begin_layout Enumerate
2062 rescale the figure so it fits.
2065 \begin_layout Enumerate
2066 trim down the table so it fits.
2070 \begin_layout Enumerate
2071 If something else is wrong with the output, and you didn't try to pull anything
2072 fancy or kludge the fine-tuning options, we're not sure what's wrong.
2075 \begin_layout Standard
2076 If all this doesn't help—well, then
2080 you might have found a bug in LyX\SpecialChar \ldots{}
2084 \begin_layout Chapter
2088 \begin_layout Section
2089 Customizing Bibliographies with BibTeX
2092 \begin_layout Standard
2093 The basics how to use BibTeX are explained in section
2095 Bibliography databases (BibTeX)
2102 The following subsections explain special bibliography features supported
2106 \begin_layout Subsection
2107 Alternative Citation Styles
2110 \begin_layout Standard
2111 Standard BibTeX uses numbers (e.
2112 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
2116 \begin_inset space \space{}
2120 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2124 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2127 ) to refer to a cited work.
2128 However, in many scientific disciplines, other citation styles are in use.
2129 The most common one is the author-year style (e.
2130 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
2134 \begin_inset space \space{}
2138 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2142 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2146 LyX supports two packages that provide this style,
2147 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2150 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2157 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2160 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2167 Both packages have their pros and cons, which cannot be listed in detail.
2168 If you only want to have simple author-year (or author-numerical) style,
2169 or if you want to use one of the countless style files for
2170 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2173 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2179 , than the established
2180 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2183 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2189 package is probably your choice.
2190 If you need special features like short title references, ibidem etc., you
2192 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2195 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2204 \begin_layout Standard
2205 The handling of both packages in LyX is basically the same.
2207 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2210 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2211 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
2218 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2221 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2228 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2231 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2238 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2241 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2248 With both packages, you will get some extra features in the citation dialog
2249 and you can select the style of the reference (
2250 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2254 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2258 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2262 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2266 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2270 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2274 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2278 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2282 Note that both packages need specifically designed style files.
2283 They both ship their own, but there are lots of additional style files,
2284 and there is even an interactive style file builder
2288 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2290 \begin_inset Flex URL
2293 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2295 ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/custom-bib/
2306 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2309 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2318 \begin_layout Subsection
2319 Sectioned Bibliographies
2322 \begin_layout Standard
2323 Sometimes you might need to divide your bibliography into several sections.
2324 If you are for instance a historian, the possibility to separate sources
2325 and scientific works is most likely a
2326 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2330 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2334 Unfortunately, BibTeX itself does not allow you to do this.
2335 But with the help of some LaTeX packages, BibTeX can be extended to fit
2339 \begin_layout Standard
2340 LyX provides native support for one of these packages,
2348 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2350 \begin_inset Flex URL
2353 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2355 ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/bibtopic/
2365 The advantage of this package (compared to other packages like
2369 ) is that you don't need to define new citation commands.
2370 Instead, you need to prepare different bibliographic databases which include
2371 the entries for the different sections of the bibliography.
2372 For example: If you want to divide your bibliography into the sections
2374 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2378 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2382 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2386 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2389 , you first need to create two bibliographic databases, e.
2390 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
2394 \begin_inset space \space{}
2398 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2401 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2408 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2411 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2421 \begin_layout Standard
2423 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2426 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2427 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
2434 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2437 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2444 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2447 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2448 Sectioned bibliography
2454 Now you can insert multiple BibTeX bibliographies, one for each section
2455 of your bibliography.
2456 Returning to our example: Insert the BibTeX bibliography
2457 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2460 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2466 and a second one for the database
2467 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2470 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2477 You are free to use the same or different styles for each section.
2478 Additionally, you can chose if the bibliography section should contain
2480 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2483 all cited references
2484 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2487 of the specified database(s) (which is the default),
2488 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2491 all uncited references
2492 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2496 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2500 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2504 This might be useful if you would like to separate your bibliography into
2506 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2510 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2514 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2518 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2522 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2526 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2530 The titles for the sections can be added as ordinary sections or subsections.
2532 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2535 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2541 removes the bibliography title, you have manually re-add that, too (as
2542 a chapter* or section*, for instance).
2545 \begin_layout Subsection
2546 Multiple Bibliographies
2549 \begin_layout Standard
2550 Multiple bibliographies, e.
2551 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
2555 \begin_inset space \space{}
2558 a bibliography for each section or chapter of the document, are not supported
2561 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2564 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2570 package, which is used for the creation of sectioned bibliographies in
2571 LyX (see the previous section), provides an easy way to solve this task,
2572 if you are willing to use some
2573 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2576 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2583 \begin_inset space ~
2587 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
2589 reference "sec:Inserting-TeX-Code"
2597 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2598 An alternative approach is to use the
2599 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2602 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2609 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2612 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2618 package, respectively.
2626 \begin_layout Standard
2628 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2631 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2632 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
2639 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2642 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2649 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2652 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2653 Sectioned bibliography
2659 In the document, you have to enclose the sections, which shall contain
2660 their own bibliography (including the BibTeX bibliography itself), between
2662 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2665 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2674 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2677 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2685 (those commands have to be inserted as TeX code).
2686 The bibliography will contain all references which have been cited in the
2688 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2691 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2702 If you are using this approach, then every citation reference has to be
2704 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2707 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2715 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2718 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2727 \begin_layout Section
2731 \begin_layout Subsection
2735 \begin_layout Standard
2736 When you are working on a large file with many sections, it is often convenient
2737 to break up the document into several files, or perhaps you have something
2738 where a table may change from time to time, but the preceding text does
2740 In these cases, you should seriously consider using multipart documents.
2741 For example, scientific papers often have five major sections: the introduction
2742 , observations, results, discussion, and conclusion.
2743 Each of these could be its own separate LyX file, with one
2744 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2748 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2751 file which contains the title, authors, abstract, references, etc., plus
2752 the five included files.
2753 It is important to note that each of these files is a full LyX file which
2754 can be formatted and printed on its own, as well as included in a master
2756 Each of these files must have the same document class, however—don't attempt
2757 to mix book classes with article classes.
2758 You may also include LaTeX files; however, these files must not have their
2760 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
2764 \begin_inset space \space{}
2767 everything up to and including the
2768 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2771 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2780 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2783 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2791 line must be deleted) or else errors will be generated when you try to
2795 \begin_layout Standard
2796 LyX allows you to include files quite easily with
2797 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2800 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2801 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
2803 \begin_inset space ~
2812 When you click on this selection a small box is inserted into the file
2813 at the current cursor location.
2814 Clicking on the box raises a dialog which allows you to select the file
2815 to be included, and the method of its inclusion.
2819 \begin_layout Standard
2820 The file selection box should by now be obvious.
2821 The three inclusion methods are
2822 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2826 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2830 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2834 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2838 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2842 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2846 The difference between
2847 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2851 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2855 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2859 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2862 is really only meaningful to LaTeXperts, but the practical difference is
2863 that files which are
2864 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2868 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2871 are typeset beginning on a new page, while files which are
2872 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2876 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2879 are typeset starting on the current page.
2882 \begin_layout Standard
2883 Generally, the master file is converted into a full LaTeX file before typesettin
2884 g, while the included files are converted to LaTeX files which do not have
2885 all the preamble information.
2888 \begin_layout Standard
2890 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2894 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2897 included file allows you to include a file typeset exactly as it appears
2899 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
2903 \begin_inset space \space{}
2907 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
2910 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2916 mode, with the characters set in a fixed-width typewriter font.
2917 Normally, spaces in this file are invisible, though two consecutive spaces
2918 are conserved, unlike LyX's normal treatment of spaces.
2919 However, setting the
2920 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
2923 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2925 \begin_inset space ~
2929 \begin_inset space ~
2933 \begin_inset space ~
2941 checkbox typesets a mark to unambiguously define the presence of a space.
2945 \begin_layout Subsection
2946 Cross-References Between Files
2949 \begin_layout Standard
2950 \begin_inset Box Shadowbox
2959 height_special "totalheight"
2962 \begin_layout Plain Layout
2963 This section is somewhat out of date.
2964 Need to describe default master documents and how children are opened when
2974 \begin_layout Standard
2975 It is possible to set up cross-references between the different files.
2976 First, open all the files in question: let's call them A and B in a two
2977 file example, where B is included in A.
2978 Let's say you insert a label in A, then want to reference it in B.
2979 Open the cross-reference dialog in whilst in document B, and you can select
2981 \begin_inset Quotes eld
2985 \begin_inset Quotes erd
2991 \begin_layout Subsection
2992 Bibliography Lists in all Subdocuments
2995 \begin_layout Standard
2996 \begin_inset Box Frameless
3005 height_special "totalheight"
3008 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3009 This section also needs updating.
3010 There is now material about this on the wiki, and it could be copied here.
3018 \begin_layout Standard
3019 Copy the bibliography list with all entries to all subdocuments and transform
3021 This way LyX will find the
3022 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3025 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3031 -files and you can easily insert references without making the bibliography
3035 \begin_layout Standard
3036 As the bibliography list is in a comment, LaTeX won't use use it and the
3037 references will look like this: [?], instead of like this: [1].
3038 One solution is to use the LaTeX-package
3039 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3042 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3048 that will only include comments by processing the files separately.
3049 To do this, add in the LaTeX preamble of every subdocument the following:
3052 \begin_layout LyX-Code
3058 \begin_layout LyX-Code
3061 includecomment{comment}
3064 \begin_layout Standard
3066 \begin_inset Flex URL
3069 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3071 http://wiki.lyx.org/FAQ/Unsorted#toc31
3079 \begin_layout Section
3080 Fancy Headers and Footers
3083 \begin_layout Standard
3084 The default page layout is rather plain; for an
3085 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3088 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3094 document class, all you get is a centered page number at the bottom of
3096 This document uses KOMA-script's book class, so it appears to be a bit
3098 But to really put on a show, you need to set the document page style to
3100 \begin_inset Quotes eld
3104 \begin_inset Quotes erd
3107 , as mentioned in the
3112 This section describes the LaTeX code you need to insert in your LaTeX
3113 preamble in order to get the desired effects.
3116 \begin_layout Standard
3117 The page header is divided into three fields, not surprisingly labeled
3118 \begin_inset Quotes eld
3122 \begin_inset Quotes erd
3126 \begin_inset Quotes eld
3130 \begin_inset Quotes erd
3134 \begin_inset Quotes eld
3138 \begin_inset Quotes erd
3142 The footer is also divided into these three fields.
3143 The LaTeX commands to set these fields in the simplest manner are
3144 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3147 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3156 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3159 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3168 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3171 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3180 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3183 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3192 Suppose you wish to put your name in the upper left hand corner of each
3194 Simply insert the following command in the preamble:
3197 \begin_layout Standard
3206 \begin_layout Standard
3207 You will now see your name in the upper left.
3208 If a field has a default entry that you would like to get rid of (often
3209 the page number appears in the central footer, simply include a command
3210 with a blank argument, e.
3211 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
3217 \begin_layout Standard
3225 \begin_layout Standard
3226 Let's get really fancy: lets put the section number with the word
3227 \begin_inset Quotes eld
3231 \begin_inset Quotes erd
3235 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
3239 \begin_inset space \space{}
3242 Section 3) in the upper left, the page number (e.
3243 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
3247 \begin_inset space \space{}
3250 Page 4) in the upper right, your name in the lower left, and the date in
3252 The following commands should now appear in the preamble:
3255 \begin_layout Standard
3265 \begin_layout Standard
3273 \begin_layout Standard
3283 \begin_layout Standard
3292 \begin_layout Standard
3300 \begin_layout Standard
3310 \begin_layout Standard
3312 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3315 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3324 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3327 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3335 access LaTeX's section and page counters, and so print out the current
3336 section and page numbers.
3338 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3341 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3349 simply prints out today's date.
3352 \begin_layout Standard
3353 The thicknesses of the horizontal rules drawn beneath the header and above
3354 the footer can also be modified.
3355 If you don't want one of the rules, set its thickness to 0.
3356 The header rule has a default thickness of 0.4pt, the footer rule is 0pt.
3362 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3365 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3370 headrulewidth}{0.4pt}
3376 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3379 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3384 footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
3389 to set the thicknesses.
3392 \begin_layout Standard
3393 You can switch the header/footer settings on and off for individual pages
3395 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3398 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3401 thispagestyle{empty}
3407 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3410 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3413 thispagestyle{plain}
3419 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3422 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3425 thispagestyle{fancy}
3431 Simply insert them in the text on the page you want changed and mark them
3433 In fact, title pages are marked as plain by default, while following pages
3434 are marked fancy when using the global fancy setting.
3437 \begin_layout Standard
3438 There are more complex commands which will let you insert things in the
3439 upper left on odd numbered pages, etc., but we will refer you to the
3440 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3443 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3449 package documentation for more information.
3451 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3454 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3463 \begin_layout Standard
3464 As a final example, it is possible to include an image in the header or
3466 Suppose you want to put a company logo in the upper lefthand corner.
3467 You might try something like
3470 \begin_layout Standard
3479 includegraphics{logo.eps}}}
3482 \begin_layout Standard
3484 (you may need to preface this with
3485 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3488 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3492 usepackage{graphics}
3497 if you don't include graphics elsewhere in your document).
3500 \begin_layout Section
3501 Itemize Bullet Selection
3502 \begin_inset CommandInset label
3511 \begin_layout Standard
3517 \begin_layout Subsection
3521 \begin_layout Standard
3522 LyX provides 216 bullet shapes that can be accessed from a simple dialog.
3523 Using this dialog you can easily specify what bullet shape to use at each
3524 level of an itemized list.
3525 These settings are document-wide so you won't be able to specify different
3526 sets of bullets for different paragraphs.
3530 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3531 Well, actually you can but you'll have to do it by hand.
3539 \begin_layout Subsection
3543 \begin_layout Standard
3544 Open the dialog by selecting the
3545 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
3548 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3549 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
3555 menu item and then select the
3556 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
3559 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3568 \begin_layout Standard
3569 The dialog provides you with a table of bullet shapes.
3570 A column of buttons on the left of the table provides access to the six
3571 different panels of bullet shapes.
3572 The row of buttons across the top is used to select which bullet depth
3574 A text entry under the table shows the currently selected bullet shape's
3575 LaTeX equivalent and this can be edited if desired.
3576 If you do modify the text you will also need to specify any needed packages
3577 in the LaTeX preamble.
3580 \begin_layout Standard
3581 The six panels are divided up by the packages they require.
3582 The following table shows the mappings from button name to LaTeX packages.
3585 \begin_layout Standard
3587 \begin_inset Tabular
3588 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
3589 <features tabularvalignment="middle">
3590 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
3591 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
3593 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3596 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3611 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3614 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3631 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3634 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3649 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3652 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3668 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3671 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3686 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3689 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3706 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3709 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3724 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3727 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3744 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3747 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3762 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3765 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3782 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3785 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3800 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3803 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3820 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
3823 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3838 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
3841 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3864 \begin_layout Standard
3865 LyX doesn't stop you using bullets from packages you don't have.
3866 If you get errors from LaTeX when you try to view or print the file, then
3867 it is likely you are missing a package.
3871 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3872 LyX doesn't restrict your use since you may be editing locally and exporting
3881 \begin_layout Subsection
3885 \begin_layout Standard
3886 Select which bullet depth you want to change then select the bullet shape
3888 Any changes will not be visible in LyX, but are visible when viewing the
3892 \begin_layout Standard
3893 You can reset a bullet shape to the default simply by clicking your right
3894 mouse button on the appropriate bullet depth button.
3898 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3903 want to have multiple sets of paragraphs with different sets of bullets
3904 in each, then you're going to have to get your hands dirty with TeX code.
3905 The bullet selection dialog can help though because it provides you with
3906 the LaTeX code for a wide range of bullet shapes.
3907 To make your own custom paragraphs you have the following options:
3910 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3914 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3930 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3934 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3956 \begin_layout Itemize
3957 Use the LaTeX command
3958 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
3961 \begin_layout Plain Layout
3969 to specify a new bullet shape for a given depth.
3970 You'll also need to save the current bullet shape so you can restore it
3972 In this itemized list the following LaTeX code was used to change the bullet
3973 used for the first depth.
3977 \begin_layout LyX-Code
3987 \begin_layout LyX-Code
4004 \begin_layout Itemize
4005 Note that the itemize depth is specified in Roman numerals as part of the
4015 \begin_layout Itemize
4019 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4032 Specify each individual entry by starting each item with the bullet shape
4033 enclosed in square brackets and set as
4034 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
4037 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4044 For example, this item was started with
4045 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4048 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4063 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4067 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4083 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4084 You'll also need to revert the labelitem back to its previous setting for
4085 the global bullet shape settings to remain in effect.
4086 The way used here was:
4089 \begin_layout LyX-Code
4104 \begin_layout Chapter
4108 \begin_layout Section
4112 \begin_layout Standard
4113 The `LyX server' allows other programs to talk to LyX, invoke LyX commands,
4114 and retrieve information about the LyX internal state.
4115 This is only intended for advanced users, but they should find it useful.
4116 It is by writing to the LyX server, for example, that bibliography managers,
4117 such as JabRef, are able to
4118 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4122 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4128 \begin_layout Standard
4129 Please note that, at present,
4131 the server does not work natively on Windows
4137 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4138 There is no reason it cannot do so.
4139 But none of the developers on Windows have yet implemented this functionality
4145 but it does work with Cygwin versions of LyX.
4148 \begin_layout Section
4149 Starting the LyX Server
4152 \begin_layout Standard
4153 The LyX server works through the use of a pair of named pipes.
4154 These are usually located in
4155 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4158 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4165 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4169 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4172 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4179 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4183 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4187 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4190 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4197 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4201 External programs write into
4202 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4205 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4211 and read back data from
4212 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4215 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4222 The stem of the pipe names can be defined in the
4223 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
4226 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4227 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
4234 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4237 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4238 "/home/myhome/lyxpipe"
4248 configure this manually in order for the server to start.
4251 \begin_layout Standard
4253 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4256 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4263 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4266 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4272 ' to create the pipes.
4273 If one of the pipes already exists, LyX will assume that another LyX process
4274 is already running and will not start the server.
4275 If for some other reason, an unused
4276 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4280 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4283 pipe is left in existence when LyX closes, then LyX will try to delete
4285 If this fails for some reason, you will need to delete the pipes manually
4286 and then restart LyX.
4289 \begin_layout Standard
4290 To have several LyX processes with servers at the same time, you have to
4291 use different configurations, perhaps by using separate user directories,
4293 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4296 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4302 file, for each process.
4305 \begin_layout Standard
4306 If you are developing a client program, you might find it useful to enable
4307 debugging information from the LyX server.
4308 Do this by starting LyX as
4309 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4312 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4321 \begin_layout Standard
4322 You can find a complete example client written in C in the source distribution
4324 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4327 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4328 development/lyxserver/server_monitor.c
4336 \begin_layout Standard
4337 Another useful tool is command-line based client you will find in
4338 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4341 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4342 src/client/lyxclient
4350 \begin_layout Section
4351 Normal communication
4354 \begin_layout Standard
4355 To issue a LyX call, the client writes a line of ASCII text into the input
4357 This line has the following format:
4374 \begin_layout Description
4375 clientname is a name that the client can choose arbitrarily.
4376 Its only use is that LyX will echo it if it sends an answer—so a client
4377 can dispatch results from different requesters.
4380 \begin_layout Description
4381 function is the function you want LyX to perform.
4382 It is the same as the commands you'd use in the minibuffer.
4385 \begin_layout Description
4386 argument is an optional argument which is meaningful only to some functions
4388 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4392 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4395 LFUN will insert the argument as text at the cursor position).
4398 \begin_layout Standard
4399 The answer from LyX will arrive in the output pipe and be of the form
4416 \begin_layout Standard
4425 are just echoed from the command request, while
4429 is more or less useful information filled according to how the command
4430 execution worked out.
4431 Some commands, such as
4432 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4436 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4439 , will return information about the internal state of LyX, while other will
4440 return an empty data-response.
4441 This means that the command execution went fine.
4444 \begin_layout Standard
4445 In case of errors, the response from LyX will have this form
4462 \begin_layout Standard
4467 should contain an explanation of why the command failed.
4470 \begin_layout Standard
4474 \begin_layout LyX-Code
4475 echo "LYXCMD:test:beginning-of-buffer:" >~/.lyxpipe.in
4476 \begin_inset Newline newline
4479 echo "LYXCMD:test:get-xy:" >~/.lyxpipe.in
4480 \begin_inset Newline newline
4483 read a <~/.lyxpipe.out
4484 \begin_inset Newline newline
4490 \begin_layout Section
4494 \begin_layout Standard
4495 LyX can notify clients of events going on asynchronously.
4496 Currently it will only do this if the user binds a key sequence with the
4498 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4502 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4506 The format of the string LyX sends is as follows:
4510 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4513 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4524 \begin_layout Standard
4529 is the printed representation of the key sequence that was actually typed
4533 \begin_layout Standard
4534 This mechanism can be used to extend LyX's command set and implement macros.
4535 Bind some key sequence to
4536 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4540 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4544 Then start a client that listens on the output pipe, dispatches the command
4545 according to the sequence, and starts a function that may use LyX calls
4546 and LyX requests to issue a command or a series of commands to LyX.
4549 \begin_layout Section
4550 The simple LyX Server Protocol
4553 \begin_layout Standard
4554 LyX implements a simple protocol that can be used for session management.
4555 All messages are of the form
4568 \begin_layout Standard
4574 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4578 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4582 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4586 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4591 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4595 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4598 is received from a client, LyX will report back to inform the client that
4599 it's listening to it's messages, while
4600 \begin_inset Quotes eld
4604 \begin_inset Quotes erd
4607 sent from LyX will inform clients that LyX is closing.
4610 \begin_layout Section
4614 \begin_layout Standard
4615 Some DVI viewers provide the reverse DVI search feature (also called
4619 ), allowing the cursor in LyX to automatically jump to the point corresponding
4620 to a given position in the previewed DVI file.
4621 A program or script will be called by the DVI viewer when initiating a
4623 The way the search is triggered depends on the viewer (for example,
4624 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4627 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4633 uses Ctrl-click, whereas
4634 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4637 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4643 uses double click) but in general the program is called with two arguments,
4644 a filename and a line number, and, in turn, it should pass this info to
4645 a running instance of LyX.
4646 This can be done through the LyX server either by using the named pipe,
4647 or the unix domain socket that lyx creates in its temporary directory (this
4649 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4652 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4658 program communicates with LyX).
4661 \begin_layout Standard
4662 The reverse DVI search feature can be enabled in LyX as follows:
4665 \begin_layout Itemize
4666 The DVI file should contain suitable info (src-specials) produced either
4667 by using appropriate options when calling the LaTeX compiler (method 1),
4669 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4672 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4682 \begin_layout Description
4684 \begin_inset space ~
4688 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
4691 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4696 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4709 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
4712 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4717 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4724 eX (plain)->DraftDVI
4730 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
4733 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4734 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
4735 Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
4736 File Handling\SpecialChar \menuseparator
4743 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4746 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4751 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4763 if you use tetex or texlive, or to
4764 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4767 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4768 latex -src-specials $$i
4776 \begin_layout Description
4778 \begin_inset space ~
4781 2 As an alternative to redefining the converter (maybe because you use the
4782 pplatex command instead of latex for producing a DVI file), insert
4783 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4786 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4789 usepackage[active]{srcltx}
4794 in the preamble of the LyX file.
4798 \begin_layout Itemize
4800 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4803 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4809 , you don't need to do anything else, as LyX already provides the necessary
4810 hooks for automatically using the
4811 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4814 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4821 However, if for whatever reason you want to use the named pipe instead
4822 of the socket for communicating with lyx, simply change the DVI viewer
4824 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
4827 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4828 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
4829 Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
4830 File Handling\SpecialChar \menuseparator
4837 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4840 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4841 xdvi -editor 'lyxeditor.sh %f %l'
4847 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4850 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4856 is a suitable script.
4857 For example, a minimal shell script is the following one:
4861 \begin_layout LyX-Code
4863 \begin_inset Newline newline
4866 LYXPIPE="/path/to/lyxpipe"
4867 \begin_inset Newline newline
4870 COMMAND="LYXCMD:revdvi:server-goto-file-row:$1 $2"
4871 \begin_inset Newline newline
4874 echo "$COMMAND" > "${LYXPIPE}".in || exit
4875 \begin_inset Newline newline
4878 read < "${LYXPIPE}".out || exit
4881 \begin_layout Standard
4883 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4886 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4892 is the LyXServer pipe path specified in
4893 \begin_inset Newline newline
4897 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
4900 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4901 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
4902 Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
4912 \begin_layout Itemize
4913 If you use the Cygwin version of LyX and yap as a viewer, you should set
4914 the name of the program that communicates with LyX directly in yap as follows.
4915 After launching yap, choose its
4916 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:MenuItem
4919 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4920 View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
4926 menu and select the "Inverse DVI Search" tab.
4927 Click on the "New..." button and, in the window which opens, enter "LyX Editor"
4928 (or any other name you like) in the "Name:" field.
4929 Now click on the button labeled "..." to open a filedialog and navigate to
4930 the directory containing the batch file
4931 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4934 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4942 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4945 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4951 and then specify the program arguments as
4952 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4955 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4961 if you want to use the shell script above, or as
4962 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4965 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4971 if you want to use the
4972 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4975 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4982 As yap is a native Windows application, the filename it provides should
4983 be converted to posix style before being passed to
4984 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4987 \begin_layout Plain Layout
4994 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
4997 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5003 , and this is the purpose of the
5004 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
5007 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5013 wrapper, which is as follows:
5017 \begin_layout LyX-Code
5019 \begin_inset Newline newline
5022 if "%1" == "-g" goto lyxclient
5023 \begin_inset Newline newline
5026 bash -c 'lyxeditor.sh $(cygpath "%1") %2'
5027 \begin_inset Newline newline
5031 \begin_inset Newline newline
5035 \begin_inset Newline newline
5038 bash -c 'lyxclient %1 $(cygpath "%2") %3'
5041 \begin_layout Standard
5042 You have to make sure that both
5043 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
5046 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5053 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
5056 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5062 are in the command PATH, otherwise you have to use their full posix path
5063 in the above batch file.
5067 \begin_layout Standard
5068 If you did no mistakes, and if src-specials are activated as previously
5069 described, whenever you Ctrl-click in xdvi, or double click in yap, the
5070 cursor in LyX should jump to the desired location.
5073 \begin_layout Chapter
5074 Special Document Classes
5077 \begin_layout Section
5081 \begin_layout Standard
5087 \begin_layout Subsection
5091 \begin_layout Standard
5092 This section describes how LyX can be used to write articles for submission
5093 to the scientific journal
5095 Astronomy and Astrophysics
5097 (www.edpsciences.fr/aa/
5098 \begin_inset Flex URL
5101 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5103 http://www.edpsciences.fr/aa/
5108 ) using Version 5.01 of the document class
5113 This package can be downloaded from the ftp site
5116 \begin_layout Standard
5117 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
5123 \begin_layout Standard
5125 \begin_inset Flex URL
5128 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5130 ftp://ftp.edpsciences.org/pub/aa/readme.html
5138 \begin_layout Standard
5139 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
5145 \begin_layout Standard
5146 A manual comes together with that package, and this text is not meant to
5147 replace the original manual but merely a short guide how to realize the
5148 correct form of your paper.
5152 \begin_layout Standard
5153 Please note that the publisher of the journal was changed from Springer
5154 to EDP Sciences starting January 1, 2001.
5155 That change implicated also some slight changes of the style files, namely
5156 the removal of the thesaurus command.
5157 The LyX class aa supports the newest version of these style files, V 5.01.
5158 If you have an older version installed, please upgrade.
5159 For compatibility, the old (version 4) layout has been kept as
5164 Please refer to the comments in
5166 LyXDir/layouts/aapaper.layout
5171 \begin_layout Subsection
5175 \begin_layout Standard
5176 It is recommended you start from the example template distributed with LyX.
5177 If you are not using a template, note the following settings:
5180 \begin_layout Itemize
5187 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
5190 dialog (OK, that one was obvious).
5193 \begin_layout Itemize
5194 Don't change the option
5197 \begin_inset space ~
5207 The whole layout is done by the macros, you shouldn't change anything.
5210 \begin_layout Subsection
5214 \begin_layout Standard
5215 First thing to enter is the header information.
5216 It consists of seven entries, of which some are optional.
5220 \begin_layout Itemize
5228 \begin_layout Itemize
5236 \begin_layout Itemize
5244 \begin_layout Itemize
5252 \begin_layout Itemize
5257 : [optional] if more than one author: whom to contact for offprint requests.
5260 \begin_layout Itemize
5265 : [optional] mail address for contacts.
5268 \begin_layout Itemize
5276 Received: <date>; Accepted <date>
5279 \begin_layout Standard
5280 There is no need to issue the
5286 command, this is done automatically by LyX when the header is finished.
5287 Although the order of the single header entries doesn't matter it is advised
5288 to keep the above sequence, just to get the best optics and meets the layout
5289 of the real document.
5292 \begin_layout Standard
5293 If you want to place footnotes in the header block, e.
5294 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
5298 \begin_inset space \space{}
5301 to state your present address, just use the standard footnote via the menu
5304 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
5308 LyX will automagically use the term
5317 \begin_layout Standard
5318 In addition to these topics, the macros use three additional LaTeX commands
5319 that have no counterpart in LyX:
5322 \begin_layout Itemize
5329 to separate different names for more than one author and institute, respectivel
5333 \begin_layout Itemize
5340 to mark corresponding author/institute pairs.
5341 The institutes are numbered sequentially as they appear in the
5345 field, so you have to put a marker to each author.
5348 \begin_layout Itemize
5355 to supply an email address for fast contact.
5358 \begin_layout Standard
5359 In all cases, the appropriate command has to be entered in LyX and marked
5365 \begin_layout Subsection
5369 \begin_layout Standard
5370 The abstract should immediately follow the header block.
5371 With version 5 the abstract environment was changed to a command, and there
5372 is now a resctriction to only one paragraph.
5373 In addition, it should contain an entry with the keywords.
5374 This is not yet implemented for LyX, therefore you have to enter the LaTeX
5381 by hand and mark it as LaTeX code.
5382 Refer to the example paper.
5385 \begin_layout Subsection
5386 Supported environments
5389 \begin_layout Standard
5390 The A&A paper layout supports the following environments for structuring
5394 \begin_layout Itemize
5400 \begin_layout Itemize
5406 \begin_layout Itemize
5412 \begin_layout Itemize
5418 \begin_layout Itemize
5424 \begin_layout Itemize
5430 \begin_layout Itemize
5436 \begin_layout Itemize
5442 \begin_layout Itemize
5448 \begin_layout Itemize
5454 \begin_layout Itemize
5460 \begin_layout Itemize
5466 \begin_layout Subsection
5467 Commands not supported by LyX
5470 \begin_layout Standard
5471 Some commands are not yet supported by the
5476 Some have already been mentioned.
5477 For the sake of completeness, they are listed all together here:
5480 \begin_layout Itemize
5488 \begin_layout Itemize
5496 \begin_layout Itemize
5504 \begin_layout Itemize
5512 \begin_layout Itemize
5520 \begin_layout Itemize
5528 \begin_layout Itemize
5536 \begin_layout Itemize
5544 \begin_layout Standard
5545 If you want to use any of these commands, you have to enter them yourself.
5548 Do not forget to mark them as LaTeX code!
5551 \begin_layout Subsection
5552 Figure and Table Floats
5555 \begin_layout Standard
5556 LyX provides support for the necessary float environments
5558 figure, figure*, table
5564 , therefore we won't tell much about it here.
5568 \begin_inset space ~
5574 Just remember that tables should be left-aligned.
5575 For that, select the table and change the alignment in
5577 Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
5579 \begin_inset space ~
5585 \begin_layout Standard
5586 There is only one special thing: the figures with caption besides the figure.
5587 To create such a figure, you have to do the following:
5590 \begin_layout Enumerate
5591 Create a wide figure float:
5593 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
5594 Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
5597 , then right click in the figure and select
5603 \begin_inset space ~
5611 \begin_layout Enumerate
5612 Enter your caption text.
5615 \begin_layout Enumerate
5620 to move the cursor above the caption.
5623 \begin_layout Enumerate
5627 \begin_layout Enumerate
5628 Position the cursor behind the figure and insert a horizontal fill:
5630 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
5632 \begin_inset space ~
5635 Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
5637 \begin_inset space ~
5645 \begin_layout Enumerate
5646 Switch to LaTeX mode:
5649 \begin_inset space ~
5657 \begin_layout Enumerate
5667 Do not close the brace!
5670 \begin_layout Enumerate
5671 Position the cursor behind the caption text, switch to LaTeX mode and insert
5675 \begin_inset space ~
5687 \begin_layout Standard
5688 Also, refer to the figures in the example paper.
5691 \begin_layout Subsection
5695 \begin_layout Standard
5696 For submission, the paper has to be formated in a special double-spacing
5698 For this purpose, you have to give the option
5702 to the documentclass.
5703 This must be done using the extra class options field in the
5705 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
5709 Just enter the string
5716 \begin_layout Subsection
5720 \begin_layout Standard
5725 directory contains an example paper written with LyX.
5726 It is the example paper from the original macro package, translated to
5728 Use it for inspiration, and compare the original LaTeX code with LyX way
5732 \begin_layout Section
5736 \begin_layout Standard
5742 \begin_layout Subsection
5746 \begin_layout Standard
5747 AASTeX is a set of macros produced by the American Astronomical Society
5748 to facilitate electronic manuscript submission to the three journals they
5749 publish: the Astrophysical Journal (including the Letters and Supplement),
5750 the Astronomical Journal, and the Publications of the Astronomical Society
5752 LyX has proven to be an excellent tool for generating these documents,
5753 especially given its equation, citation, and figure handling capabilities.
5754 LyX requires version 5.0 (or higher) of these macros; preferably 5.2, which
5755 is the version described here, or higher.
5756 Versions prior to 5.0 are intended for use with LaTeX2.09 and are fundamentally
5757 incompatible with LyX.
5758 The AASTeX package may be downloaded from the AASTeX Web site
5761 \begin_layout Standard
5762 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
5768 \begin_layout Standard
5770 \begin_inset Flex URL
5773 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5775 http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AAS/AASTeX
5783 \begin_layout Standard
5784 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
5790 \begin_layout Standard
5791 A complete user guide is contained in that package and you should familiarize
5792 yourself with it thoroughly before embarking on writing a paper in LyX.
5793 LyX will not reduce the need to figure out all the AASTeX commands, it
5794 will only reduce the drudgery of typing everything in.
5795 It is your responsibility to ensure that the final exported LaTeX document
5796 conforms completely to the requirements of the journal to which you are
5797 submitting your paper.
5800 \begin_layout Subsection
5801 Starting a New Paper
5804 \begin_layout Standard
5805 I strongly suggest that you start with the AASTeX template file.
5808 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
5815 , enter the new file name, then choose the
5820 This will show the most common fields found in a manuscript.
5821 Simply overwrite the existing text (including the brackets,
5825 ) with the correct information.
5826 Many of the AASTeX commands and environments can be implemented directly
5827 in LyX, but some cannot: most noticeably
5839 , which should stick out like a sore thumb if you actually just opened the
5841 For commands such as these, the LaTeX code must be entered directly and
5843 Such commands are referred to as TeX code, or Evil Red Text.
5844 I tried to minimize the amount of TeX code needed in an AASTeX document,
5845 but there is still a bit more required than any of us would like.
5848 \begin_layout Subsection
5849 Finishing Your Paper
5852 \begin_layout Standard
5853 When the paper is finished to your satisfaction and previews/prints correctly,
5855 \begin_inset Quotes eld
5859 \begin_inset Quotes erd
5862 actions which need to be done before you submit it to the journals.
5866 \begin_layout Enumerate
5867 Export your paper as a LaTeX file (
5869 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
5870 Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
5877 \begin_layout Enumerate
5882 file with your favorite text editor
5886 \begin_layout Enumerate
5887 remove the comment lines before the
5896 \begin_layout Enumerate
5901 usepackage...{fontenc}
5903 line if it appears (usually just after
5918 \begin_layout Enumerate
5919 remove everything between (and including) the
5931 commands, except for any commands you specifically put into the LaTeX preamble
5932 (which should appear immediately after the
5933 \begin_inset Quotes eld
5936 User specified LaTeX commands
5937 \begin_inset Quotes erd
5948 \begin_layout Enumerate
5949 Run the resulting file through LaTeX to make sure it still processes correctly.
5952 \begin_layout Enumerate
5953 Reread the journal requirements to make sure your filenames and formats
5957 \begin_layout Enumerate
5961 \begin_layout Subsection
5962 Comments On Specific Commands
5965 \begin_layout Standard
5966 I will not describe the detailed usage of the individual AASTeX commands:
5967 the AASTeX User Guide (
5971 ) gives a good description of each.
5972 Thus it's probably easiest for me to go down the list as found in the guide
5973 and offer comments where necessary.
5974 So let's begin \SpecialChar \ldots{}
5978 \begin_layout Subsubsection
5979 Things that work as expected
5982 \begin_layout Standard
5986 \begin_layout Plain Layout
5998 \begin_layout Standard
5999 Because they work as you might expect, I simply list them and the section
6100 begin{thebibliography}
6108 (2.13.2), all the cite commands and their variations (2.13.2), the generic
6109 graphicx figure commands (2.14.1),
6133 (2.15.4, amongst other places),
6160 \begin_layout Standard
6161 The following style options also work correctly:
6182 Simply put them in the
6188 Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
6194 \begin_layout Standard
6198 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6210 \begin_layout Subsubsection
6211 Things that work, but require more comment
6214 \begin_layout Standard
6215 The following items work, but require a little more discussion:
6218 \begin_layout Itemize
6219 These items are reserved for use by the journal editors, but you can put
6220 them into the LaTeX preamble if you feel compelled to do so:
6253 \begin_layout Itemize
6254 These items may be placed in the LaTeX preamble, and are included as blanks
6255 in the template file:
6276 \begin_layout Itemize
6283 (2.3) – can only be used
6284 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6288 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6291 , not in the middle of a paragraph.
6292 Use TeX code if you need to embed it.
6295 \begin_layout Itemize
6302 (2.3) – will have extra {} after it.
6303 This should not cause an error.
6306 \begin_layout Itemize
6313 (2.6) – can only be used
6314 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6318 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6321 , not in the middle of a paragraph.
6322 Use TeX code if you need to embed it.
6325 \begin_layout Itemize
6332 (2.8) – can't insert a cross-reference tag, you must type the tag name by
6336 \begin_layout Itemize
6343 (2.8) – same as for
6350 \begin_layout Itemize
6357 (2.9) – will have extra {} after it.
6358 This should not cause an error.
6361 \begin_layout Itemize
6368 (2.11) – will have extra {} after it.
6369 This should not cause an error.
6372 \begin_layout Itemize
6379 (2.14.2) – you can insert an optional filename argument by placing the cursor
6380 at the beginning of the text and selecting
6382 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
6387 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6391 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6394 inserts an optional argument of the type needed by
6401 Hopefully it will be renamed someday.
6404 \begin_layout Itemize
6411 (2.17.1) – same as
6417 for the catalog ID optional parameter
6420 \begin_layout Itemize
6427 (2.17.1) – same as
6433 for the catalog ID optional parameter
6436 \begin_layout Subsubsection
6437 Things not implemented, use TeX code
6440 \begin_layout Standard
6444 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6456 \begin_layout Standard
6479 setcounter{equation}
6481 (2.12), Journal name abbreviations (2.13.4),
6517 (2.15.4, insert it as the first element in the lefthand cell after where
6519 Don't use any of LyX's rules in the table),
6531 (2.15.5), much of Misc (2.17, except
6582 \begin_layout Standard
6586 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6598 \begin_layout Subsubsection
6599 Things that cannot be implemented
6602 \begin_layout Standard
6603 \SpecialChar \ldots{}
6604 at least in any meaningful sort of way, so I suggest ignoring them.
6605 They are the references environment (2.13.3), and the deluxetable environment
6607 If you really, really need to use deluxetable, I suggest editing it in
6608 a separate file with a text editor, then using
6610 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
6612 \begin_inset space ~
6617 to include it in your LyX document.
6622 file to see an example of this.
6625 \begin_layout Subsection
6626 FAQs, Tips, Tricks, and Other Ruminations
6629 \begin_layout Subsubsection
6630 Getting LyX and AASTeX to cooperate
6633 \begin_layout Standard
6634 It can be a bit tricky to get LyX to recognize a new layout and document
6636 When all else fails, do this:
6639 \begin_layout Enumerate
6640 Make certain that LaTeX can find AASTeX.
6641 Copy sample.tex (and perhaps table.tex) from the AASTeX distribution into
6642 a directory completely unrelated to LaTeX or AASTeX and run LaTeX on
6649 \begin_layout Enumerate
6661 \begin_layout Enumerate
6664 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
6667 in LyX, then restart LyX.
6670 \begin_layout Enumerate
6671 Open a regular new file, not from a template.
6672 Does AASTeX appear in the class list in
6674 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
6680 \begin_layout Standard
6681 If you get a warning from an existing AASTeX document about not being able
6682 to find the AASTeX layout or a message about
6683 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6686 You should not mix title layouts with normal ones
6687 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6690 , things haven't been installed correctly.
6693 \begin_layout Subsubsection
6694 LaTeX error processing a table
6697 \begin_layout Standard
6698 LyX, by default, attempts to center the table caption/title.
6699 This seems to produce a bad interaction in AASTeX so you should click somewhere
6700 in the caption/title, then select
6702 Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
6704 \begin_inset space ~
6718 This took care of it for me.
6721 \begin_layout Subsubsection
6725 \begin_layout Standard
6726 A couple of things: 1) I have noticed some funny spacing in the reference
6727 entries in the text.
6728 When you enter the bibliography item data, make sure their is
6732 space between the last author and the parenthesis setting off the year;
6736 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
6740 \begin_inset space \space{}
6754 2) Entering the references at all is not obvious.
6755 The easiest thing is to start typing your first reference at the end of
6756 the document, then mark it as type
6761 That will put a small gray box in front of what you just typed.
6762 Click on the box to fill in the rest of the information.
6763 For new references, go to the end of an existing reference and press return.
6764 That will create a new line with its own box, etc.
6767 \begin_layout Subsubsection
6771 \begin_layout Standard
6772 Even though AASTeX provides its own figure commands (
6778 , for example), I much prefer LaTeX's standard figure commands (with the
6787 \begin_inset space ~
6790 commands as TeX code into a Figure Float box if you desire, but I never
6791 have much luck getting the layout right.
6792 With the standard graphics, LyX will insert a
6796 usepackage{graphicx}
6798 command into the LaTeX preamble and handle the figures in the standard
6799 LaTeX2e way, interspersing the figures in the text.
6800 I believe ApJ accepts figures exactly this way now; AJ might still use
6802 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6805 stack everything at the end
6806 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6812 \begin_layout Subsubsection
6813 Things I could have done, but didn't
6816 \begin_layout Standard
6818 \begin_inset Quotes eld
6822 \begin_inset Quotes erd
6825 things I could have implemented, but chose not to.
6826 For instance, I saw no point in double-spacing the text in the LyX window,
6827 even though it is double-spaced in the paper manuscript.
6828 Also, I chose not to make separate layouts for the preprint and preprint2
6830 Since I assume you will spend most of your time in the plain manuscript
6831 mode anyway, I decided not to chew up more disk space with this.
6835 \begin_layout Subsection
6839 \begin_layout Standard
6840 Your mileage may vary.
6841 I've now had papers published by both ApJ and AJ that have had 98% of the
6842 effort done in LyX; the last 2% was the LaTeX post-processing and a few
6844 I have had no trouble with the submission process, and I'm sure the journals
6845 were never aware that there might be a difference.
6846 So, go forth and publish!
6849 \begin_layout Section
6853 \begin_layout Standard
6856 David Johnson; updated by Richard Heck
6859 \begin_layout Standard
6860 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
6866 \begin_layout Standard
6868 The AMS LaTeX layouts are set up to conform to suggested styles for mathematical
6869 papers to be submitted to American Mathematical Society publications.
6870 The layouts are not tailored to a specific journal, but easily can be.
6871 You should refer to the AMS documentation for specific instructions for
6872 each journal (usually it will entail only changing a single line in the
6874 That documentation is available on the Web at
6875 \begin_inset Flex URL
6878 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6886 \begin_inset Flex URL
6889 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6891 ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/amslatex/
6897 These layouts are appropriate, and useful, for any mathematical writing.
6901 \begin_layout Standard
6902 There are two basic AMS LaTeX layouts:
6905 \begin_layout Itemize
6906 amsart: The standard AMS article format.
6909 \begin_layout Itemize
6910 amsbook: the standard AMS book (really, monograph) format.
6914 \begin_layout Standard
6915 The layouts themselves contain only the minimum necessary to use the AMS
6917 They do not, in particular, contain any of the `theorem' environments used
6918 for setting theorems, lemmas, and the like.
6919 These are contained, instead, in the
6920 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
6923 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6929 module, which is loaded by default when when you select one of the AMS
6931 (It can also be used with other classes and can be removed, if you would
6932 rather use something else.) Less commonly used environments are in the
6933 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
6936 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6937 Theorems (AMS-Extended)
6942 module, which must be loaded manually.
6945 \begin_layout Standard
6946 By default, theorems and the like are numbered consecutively throughout
6947 the document, but this may be modified by loading the module
6948 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
6951 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6952 Theorems (Order by Section)
6957 or, if you are using
6958 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
6961 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6968 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
6971 \begin_layout Plain Layout
6972 Theorems (Order by Chapter)
6978 These will number the results as
6979 \begin_inset Formula $n.m$
6982 , where the first number refers to the section (or chapter) and the second
6983 refers to the total number of results so far in that section (or chapter).
6984 Many environments are also available unnumbered.
6985 These are indicated by an asterisk at the end.
6986 If you happen to want
6990 unnumbered results, the the module
6991 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
6994 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7000 provides that option.
7003 \begin_layout Standard
7004 Note that these modules do not
7008 to be used with the AMS classes.
7009 It is perfectly possible to use the
7010 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
7013 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7019 module, and the others mentioned, with other classes, such as
7020 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
7023 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7030 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
7033 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7040 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
7043 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7052 \begin_layout Subsection
7053 What these layouts provide
7056 \begin_layout Standard
7057 There is a long list of included environments provided by these layouts.
7058 In AMS-LaTeX, there is, in fact, an opportunity to define an unlimited
7059 variety of `theorem' environments.
7060 However, the AMS recommends the environments that are available in LyX.
7064 \begin_layout Standard
7065 The following environments—as well as the standard environments, such as
7067 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Noun
7070 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7077 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Noun
7080 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7087 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Noun
7090 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7097 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Noun
7100 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7107 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Noun
7110 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7117 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
7120 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7127 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
7130 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7139 \begin_layout Description
7140 Address This should be the author's permanent address.
7143 \begin_layout Description
7145 \begin_inset space ~
7148 Address This should be the author's temporary address at the time of submission,
7149 if different from the Address.
7152 \begin_layout Description
7153 Email Author's e-mail address
7156 \begin_layout Description
7157 URL Author's Web address, if desired.
7160 \begin_layout Description
7161 Keywords Key words or phrases used to identify specific topics discussed
7165 \begin_layout Description
7166 Subjectclass These refer to the AMS Subject Classifications, published and
7169 Mathematical Reviews
7172 These are also available online at the AMS cites listed above.
7175 \begin_layout Description
7179 \begin_layout Description
7183 \begin_layout Description
7187 \begin_layout Standard
7188 The following environments are provided by both the
7189 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
7192 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7199 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
7202 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7208 modules, in the latter case in both starred (unnumbered) and unstarred
7209 (numbered) versions.
7210 These same environments are provided only in the starred versions by the
7212 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
7215 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7224 \begin_layout Theorem
7225 This is typically used for the statements of major results.
7229 \begin_layout Corollary*
7230 This is used for statements which follow fairly directly from previous statement
7232 Again, these can be major results.
7237 These are smaller results needed to prove other statements.
7240 \begin_layout Proposition
7241 These are less major results which (hopefully) add to the general theory
7245 \begin_layout Conjecture
7246 These are statements provided without justification, which the author does
7247 not know how to prove, but which seem to be true (to the author, at least).
7250 \begin_layout Definition*
7251 Guess what this is for.
7252 The font is different for this environment than for the previous ones.
7256 \begin_layout Example*
7257 Used for examples illustrating proven results.
7260 \begin_layout Problem
7261 It's not really known what this is for.
7262 You should figure it out.
7265 \begin_layout Exercise*
7266 Write a description for this one.
7269 \begin_layout Remark
7270 This environment is also a type of theorem, usually a lesser sort of observation.
7273 \begin_layout Claim*
7274 Often used in the course of giving a proof of a larger result.
7278 Generally, these are used to break up long arguments, using specific instances
7284 The numbering scheme for cases is on its own, not together with other numbered
7290 At the end of this environment, a QED symbol (usually a square, but it can
7291 vary with different styles) is placed.
7292 If you want to have other environments within this one—for example, Case
7293 environments—and have the QED symbol appear only after them, then the other
7294 environments need to be nested within the proof environment.
7297 Nesting Environments
7303 for information on nesting.
7306 \begin_layout Standard
7307 And these environments are provided by
7308 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
7311 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7312 Theorems (AMS-Extended)
7320 \begin_layout Criterion*
7321 A required condition.
7324 \begin_layout Algorithm*
7325 A general procedure to be used.
7328 \begin_layout Axiom*
7329 This is a property or statement taken as true within the system being discussed.
7332 \begin_layout Condition*
7333 Sometimes used to state a condition assumed within the present context of
7338 Similar to a Remark.
7341 \begin_layout Notation*
7342 Used for the explanation of, yes, notation.
7345 \begin_layout Summary
7346 Do we really need to tell you?
7349 \begin_layout Acknowledgement*
7353 \begin_layout Conclusion*
7354 Sometimes used at the end of a long train of argument.
7358 Used in a way similar to Proposition, though perhaps lower on the scale.
7361 \begin_layout Standard
7362 In addition, the AMS classes automatically provide the AMS LaTeX and AMS
7364 They need to be available on your system in order to use these environments.
7367 \begin_layout Section
7375 \begin_layout Standard
7381 \begin_layout Subsection
7385 \begin_layout Standard
7386 These are the layout files for some of the journals of the American Geophysical
7388 It is assumed that you have both the AGU's own class files and AGUplus
7389 installed (everything to be found at
7390 \begin_inset Flex URL
7393 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7395 ftp://ftp.agu.org/journals/latex/journals
7403 \begin_layout Subsection
7407 \begin_layout Standard
7417 They are still called this in the LyX GUI, though their LaTeX equivalents
7418 in the AGU classes are
7429 \begin_layout Standard
7430 Newly defined styles are
7467 These are mostly manuscript attributes and defined in the AGU class documentati
7471 \begin_layout Standard
7472 I suspect this is still badly incomplete.
7475 \begin_layout Subsection
7479 \begin_layout Standard
7496 \begin_layout Subsection
7500 \begin_layout Itemize
7503 Journal of Geophysical Research
7512 \begin_layout Standard
7513 Add your own, it isn't so hard! Look at the
7524 \begin_layout Subsection
7525 Bugs and things to remember
7528 \begin_layout Standard
7529 In order to use the new layouts, you must remember to do the following for
7533 \begin_layout Enumerate
7539 This can be done in the
7541 Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
7546 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
7550 (AGU articles are always in English, right? So
7557 \begin_layout Enumerate
7567 (Yes, this is a bug.)
7570 \begin_layout Enumerate
7571 Make sure you use the
7575 bibliography style, by entering
7579 into the second field of the BibTeX inset.
7580 None of the standard styles will do.
7583 \begin_layout Section
7587 \begin_layout Standard
7593 \begin_layout Subsection
7597 \begin_layout Standard
7598 Broadway is for writing plays.
7599 The format is more decorative than Hollywood, and much less standardized.
7600 This format should be suitable for workshops.
7603 \begin_layout Subsection
7607 \begin_layout Standard
7608 The same as in Hollywood.
7611 \begin_layout Subsection
7615 \begin_layout Standard
7620 names as labels then cross-reference the label to insert the name.
7621 The cross-reference dialog will show the current cast of characters.
7624 \begin_layout Subsection
7625 Paper size and Margins
7628 \begin_layout Standard
7629 USLetter, left 1.6in, right 0.75in, top 0.5in, bottom 0.75in
7632 \begin_layout Subsection
7636 \begin_layout Standard
7637 The following environments are available.
7638 You can use broadway.bind to get the bind keys shown at the right.
7641 \begin_layout Itemize
7645 \begin_inset Newline newline
7650 You should not have to use this, but it is here for anything that does not
7654 \begin_layout Itemize
7658 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
7662 \begin_inset Newline newline
7667 Used to describe stage setting and the action.
7668 First use of speaker names in all CAPs.
7671 \begin_layout Itemize
7675 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
7679 \begin_inset Newline newline
7684 Automatically numbered.
7685 On screen it will be arabic, but will print as Roman.
7688 \begin_layout Itemize
7692 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
7696 \begin_inset Newline newline
7706 It is just centered text.
7709 \begin_layout Itemize
7713 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
7717 \begin_inset Newline newline
7722 Not automatically numbered.
7723 You supply the number.
7724 This is because I couldn't figure out how.
7727 \begin_layout Itemize
7731 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
7735 \begin_inset Newline newline
7740 A special case of Narrative to describe the setting and action as the curtain
7744 \begin_layout Itemize
7748 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
7752 \begin_inset Newline newline
7757 The speaker's (actor's) title, centered in all CAPS.
7760 \begin_layout Itemize
7764 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
7768 \begin_inset Newline newline
7773 Instructions to the speaker.
7774 The parentheses are automatically inserted.
7775 The ( will appear on screen, but both will be in the printed play.
7776 This environment is only used within
7783 \begin_layout Itemize
7787 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
7791 \begin_inset Newline newline
7796 What the Speaker says.
7799 \begin_layout Itemize
7803 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
7807 \begin_inset Newline newline
7812 The curtain comes down.
7815 \begin_layout Itemize
7819 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
7825 \begin_layout Itemize
7829 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
7835 \begin_layout Itemize
7839 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
7845 \begin_layout Standard
7849 \begin_layout Section
7853 \begin_layout Standard
7858 can be used to type letters according to German conventions.
7859 A template file is included in
7861 .../lyx/share/templates
7863 for you to use as a starting point.
7866 \begin_layout Section
7874 \begin_layout Standard
7880 \begin_layout Subsection
7884 \begin_layout Standard
7885 This is the layout file for the European Geophysical Society journals.
7890 can be downloaded from the web site of the EGS under
7891 \begin_inset Flex URL
7894 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7904 \begin_layout Subsection
7908 \begin_layout Standard
7911 Right_address, Latex_Title, Affil, Journal, msnumber, FirstAuthor, Received,
7919 The current layout file is unfortunately very unmodular and would benefit
7920 from using the various
7927 \begin_layout Section
7931 \begin_layout Standard
7937 \begin_layout Standard
7938 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
7939 provides a standard LaTeX document class (
7943 ) for submitting articles to their various journals.
7944 The style file can be downloaded directly from their web site:
7945 \begin_inset Flex URL
7948 \begin_layout Plain Layout
7950 http://authors.elsevier.com/
7956 Instructions are supplied along with the class file, which details the
7957 requirements of the publishers.
7958 LyX includes package that allows for the use of this class, by a layout
7959 and a template file.
7960 Installation of the class file is the same as for any other LaTeX package;
7961 instructions are provided in the Elsevier documentation.
7964 \begin_layout Standard
7974 As the Elsevier class file is based mainly on the standard article class,
7975 most of the normal functionality is provided.
7976 The Elsevier class defines a number of mathematical environments, which
7977 are similar to the AMS environments.
7978 These commands are all described in the Elsevier documentation, and are
7982 \begin_layout Standard
7983 The easiest way to use the Elsevier style is to base documents on the included
7985 It is best not to use options such as fancy headings or the geometry package,
7986 as elements such as these are defined by Elsevier in their style file.
7987 Ideally, no extra packages except those mentioned in the Elsevier documentation
7989 Essentially, Elsevier require as
7990 \begin_inset Quotes eld
7994 \begin_inset Quotes erd
7997 a LaTeX file as possible, as their intention is to take the supplied file
7998 and replace the class file with one for the particular journal to which
7999 the paper has been submitted.
8000 This also means that not too much time should be spent on the formating
8002 When it comes to be published, this will change anyway.
8003 The rest of the usage for this layout is substantially the same as for
8004 the normal article class.
8005 For details of what Elsevier do and don't allow, refer to their documentation.
8008 \begin_layout Section
8017 \begin_inset CommandInset label
8026 \begin_layout Standard
8032 \begin_layout Subsection
8036 \begin_layout Standard
8037 This section describes how to use LyX to make slides for overhead projectors.
8038 There are two document classes that can do this: the default slides class
8044 This section documents the latter.
8047 \begin_layout Standard
8048 I'm going to say this again, nice and clear, so that there's no misunderstanding
8052 \begin_layout Standard
8053 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
8059 \begin_layout Standard
8063 This section documents the class
8064 \begin_inset Quotes eld
8072 \begin_inset Quotes erd
8080 \begin_layout Standard
8081 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
8087 \begin_layout Standard
8088 If you're looking for the documentation for
8089 \begin_inset Quotes eld
8097 \begin_inset Quotes erd
8101 \begin_inset space ~
8105 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
8107 reference "sec:slitex"
8112 If your machine doesn't have the
8117 \begin_inset Quotes eld
8125 \begin_inset Quotes erd
8128 ] installed, you'll probably have to use the default
8132 class, which isn't quite as good as
8137 \begin_layout Standard
8142 class is designed for use with version 2.1 of the
8146 LaTeX class file which is now an integral part of LaTeX2e.
8149 \begin_layout Subsection
8153 \begin_layout Standard
8154 Obviously, to use this document class, you need to select
8155 \begin_inset Quotes eld
8163 \begin_inset Quotes erd
8173 \begin_inset space ~
8179 There are some settings in the
8182 \begin_inset space ~
8187 dialog that you should know about that are specific to this class:
8190 \begin_layout Itemize
8191 Don't change the options
8202 \begin_inset space ~
8208 They're ignored by the
8215 \begin_layout Itemize
8216 The default font size is 20
8217 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
8220 pt with the other options being 17
8221 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
8225 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
8229 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
8235 \begin_layout Itemize
8244 but all math equations are still typeset in the usual roman font.
8247 \begin_layout Itemize
8252 TeX supports A4 and Letter paper sizes as well as a special size for working
8254 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
8258 It doesn't support A5, B5, legal or executive paper sizes.
8261 \begin_layout Itemize
8262 Don't bother changing the
8266 settings because they are ignored anyway.
8267 All floats appear where they are defined in the text.
8270 \begin_layout Itemize
8275 setting behaves a bit differently for this class.
8280 TeX provides extensive footer and header capabilities including a user-defined
8283 \begin_inset space ~
8287 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
8289 reference "sec:foilfoot"
8294 The title page is treated differently to all other pages in the document
8303 has the logo centered at the bottom of the page (if one is defined).
8304 The possible page style choices and what they do are as follows:
8308 \begin_layout Labeling
8309 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
8316 The final output contains no page numbers, or other headers or footers
8317 (except footnotes of course).
8321 \begin_layout Labeling
8322 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
8329 The final output contains page numbers centered at the bottom of the page.
8330 No other headings or footers (other than footnotes).
8333 \begin_layout Labeling
8334 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
8339 Page numbers in lower right corner.
8340 Additional headers and footers are also shown.
8341 This is also the default.
8344 \begin_layout Labeling
8345 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
8350 Gives you access to the
8354 package although its use with
8358 TeX is discouraged by the writer of the
8362 TeX package because of some potential page layout clashes.
8366 \begin_layout Subsubsection
8370 \begin_layout Standard
8371 The following options may be used in the extra class options in the
8373 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
8379 \begin_layout Labeling
8380 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
8385 This sets up the page layout for 7.33
8386 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
8390 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
8393 in paper, which is about the same aspect ratio as a 35
8394 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
8397 mm slide, making it a bit easier to work with this medium.
8400 \begin_layout Labeling
8401 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
8406 Places a rule across the page below the header on every page except the
8410 \begin_layout Labeling
8411 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
8416 Places a rule across the page above the footer on every page except the
8420 \begin_layout Labeling
8421 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
8426 This is automatically set each time you create a new
8435 TeX to use the dvips driver to rotate those pages that are set as landscape
8439 \begin_layout Labeling
8440 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
8445 Simply changes the page dimensions to those of a landscape page but doesn't
8447 Thus if you use this option you need to use an external program to rotate
8448 each page or feed your paper through your printer as landscape.
8449 Note that this option effectively reverses the roles of the
8457 environments (don't worry these are described in the next section).
8460 \begin_layout Labeling
8461 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
8466 Equation numbers on the left.
8469 \begin_layout Labeling
8470 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMx
8475 Flush-left equations.
8478 \begin_layout Subsection
8479 Supported Environments
8482 \begin_layout Standard
8483 Most of the environments commonly supported in other classes are also supported
8489 There are several additional environments provided by
8493 TeX as well as a couple added by LyX.
8494 The following environments are shared with other classes:
8497 \begin_layout Standard
8501 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8513 \begin_layout Itemize
8519 \begin_layout Itemize
8525 \begin_layout Itemize
8531 \begin_layout Itemize
8537 \begin_layout Itemize
8543 \begin_layout Itemize
8549 \begin_layout Itemize
8555 \begin_layout Itemize
8561 \begin_layout Itemize
8567 \begin_layout Itemize
8573 \begin_layout Itemize
8579 \begin_layout Itemize
8585 \begin_layout Itemize
8591 \begin_layout Itemize
8597 \begin_layout Itemize
8603 \begin_layout Itemize
8609 \begin_layout Itemize
8615 \begin_layout Itemize
8621 \begin_layout Standard
8625 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8637 \begin_layout Standard
8638 That is, all the major environments apart from the sectioning environments.
8639 Since foils are essentially self-contained sections, with a title and body,
8644 TeX provides specific commands for starting new foils and these are:
8647 \begin_layout Itemize
8653 \begin_layout Itemize
8659 \begin_layout Standard
8660 LyX also provides slightly modified versions of these two environments called:
8663 \begin_layout Itemize
8669 \begin_layout Itemize
8675 \begin_layout Standard
8676 and the differences will be explained in the next section.
8679 \begin_layout Standard
8680 Since foils are often used in presenting ideas or new theorems and such
8685 TeX also provides a comprehensive box of goodies for presenting them:
8688 \begin_layout Standard
8692 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8704 \begin_layout Itemize
8710 \begin_layout Itemize
8716 \begin_layout Itemize
8722 \begin_layout Itemize
8728 \begin_layout Itemize
8734 \begin_layout Itemize
8740 \begin_layout Itemize
8746 \begin_layout Itemize
8752 \begin_layout Itemize
8758 \begin_layout Itemize
8764 \begin_layout Itemize
8770 \begin_layout Standard
8774 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8786 \begin_layout Standard
8787 The starred versions are unnumbered while the unstarred versions are numbered.
8788 There are also two list environments added by LyX and these are:
8791 \begin_layout Itemize
8797 \begin_layout Itemize
8803 \begin_layout Standard
8808 TeX provides some powerful header and footer capabilities that are best
8809 set in the preamble although they may be set at any point in a document.
8810 If you want to change these settings in your document the best place to
8811 do so is at the very top of a foil, i.
8812 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
8818 \begin_inset space \space{}
8823 straight after the foilhead.
8826 \begin_layout Standard
8827 For this purpose, the following command styles are provided [
8834 \begin_layout Standard
8838 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8850 \begin_layout Itemize
8854 \begin_inset space ~
8860 \begin_layout Itemize
8866 \begin_layout Itemize
8870 \begin_inset space ~
8876 \begin_layout Itemize
8880 \begin_inset space ~
8886 \begin_layout Itemize
8890 \begin_inset space ~
8897 \begin_layout Standard
8898 \begin_inset space ~
8905 \begin_layout Standard
8909 \begin_layout Plain Layout
8921 \begin_layout Standard
8922 There are also a few commands provided by
8926 TeX that aren't directly supported by LyX but I'll tell you what they do
8927 and how to use them in section
8928 \begin_inset space ~
8932 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
8934 reference "sec:unsuppfoils"
8941 \begin_layout Subsection
8942 Building a Set of Foils
8945 \begin_layout Standard
8946 This section will give a simple introduction to using the different environments
8947 to build a set of foils.
8948 If you want to see an example set of foils, take a look at the
8952 file you find in LyX's
8959 \begin_layout Subsubsection
8960 Give It a Title Page
8963 \begin_layout Standard
8964 Unlike other classes that provide
8984 creates the title on a page of its own.
8985 If you leave out the
8989 environment LaTeX will substitute the current date (every time you regenerate
8993 \begin_layout Subsubsection
8997 \begin_layout Standard
8998 As I mentioned earlier, there are four ways of starting a new foil.
8999 For portrait foils you should use
9008 The difference between these two environments is the amount of space between
9009 the title of the foil (the foilhead) and the body of the foil.
9012 \begin_layout Standard
9013 Landscape foils are generated using the
9022 Again the only difference is the spacing between foilhead and body.
9023 Both of the short versions have 0.5 inches less separation between the foilhead
9028 \begin_layout Standard
9029 One problem with the support for landscape foils is the requirement that
9034 driver to generate the PostScript output otherwise the foils won't be rotated.
9035 It is possible to get landscape foils even if you haven't got the
9039 driver provided you can feed your foils sideways through your printer ;-)
9042 \begin_layout Subsubsection
9043 Theorems, Lemmas, Proofs and more
9046 \begin_layout Standard
9047 Due to a small bug in LyX you can't have two of the same type of these environme
9048 nts directly following each other.
9049 They must be separated by something.
9050 If you try, you will just be extending the previous environment as if you
9051 had merged the two environments together.
9052 So, how do you get around this problem? The simplest option is to insert
9053 some text between the two environments or add a
9057 environment between the two with just a
9058 \begin_inset Quotes eld
9066 \begin_inset Quotes erd
9070 This will force LyX to produce two separate environments and hence the
9071 correct LaTeX output.
9072 An example is provided in the example file included with the LyX distribution.
9073 Remember, this problem only occurs if you are trying to place two of the
9074 same type of theorem-like environments one directly after the other.
9077 \begin_layout Subsubsection
9081 \begin_layout Standard
9082 You get all the commonly supported list styles found in other classes as
9083 well as two new ones.
9084 I'll only describe the new ones here.
9085 If you want to find out more about the other list environments check out
9091 If you intend to use itemized lists you might also want to read about the
9095 \begin_inset space ~
9099 \begin_inset space ~
9104 dialog described above in section
9105 \begin_inset space ~
9109 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
9111 reference "sec:bullet"
9118 \begin_layout Standard
9119 The two new list styles,
9127 , are designed to make it easier for you to create lists of do's and don'ts
9128 or right and wrong by providing dedicated environments that use a tick
9129 or a cross as the label of the list.
9130 These lists are in fact dedicated variants of the
9135 They do however require that you have the
9142 \begin_layout Subsubsection
9146 \begin_layout Standard
9151 TeX redefines the floating tables and figures so that they appear exactly
9152 where they are in the text rather than pushing them to the top of the page
9153 or to some user specified location.
9154 In fact if you change the float placement settings they are simply ignored.
9157 \begin_layout Subsubsection
9158 Page Headers and Footers
9159 \begin_inset CommandInset label
9168 \begin_layout Standard
9172 \begin_inset space ~
9181 are two commands used to control the left-footer text string.
9182 The first is meant to allow you to include a graphic logo on your foils
9184 \begin_inset Quotes eld
9192 \begin_inset Quotes erd
9196 While the second is meant to provide a classification for the audience,
9200 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
9206 \begin_inset space \space{}
9210 It is empty by default.
9213 \begin_layout Standard
9214 The remaining page corners can be filled by
9217 \begin_inset space ~
9222 (which defaults to page numbers),
9225 \begin_inset space ~
9233 \begin_inset space ~
9241 \begin_layout Subsection
9247 \begin_inset CommandInset label
9249 name "sec:unsuppfoils"
9256 \begin_layout Standard
9257 All the commands mentioned below need to be set in a
9265 within another environment.
9268 \begin_layout Subsubsection
9272 \begin_layout Standard
9273 All lengths are adjusted using the
9296 should be replaced by the name given to the length you want to change and
9301 is the length value.
9302 All lengths should be specified in units of length such as inches (
9314 ) or relative to some document or font-based length such as
9324 \begin_layout Standard
9325 It's possible to change the spacing between a foilhead and the body of the
9326 foil by adjusting the length specified by
9333 For example, to make
9338 \begin_inset space \space{}
9341 in closer to their bodies put the following in the preamble:
9347 foilheadskip}{-0.5in}
9350 \begin_layout Standard
9351 The spacings around floats can be adjusted by setting these lengths:
9354 \begin_layout Labeling
9355 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
9362 Separation between the text and the top of the float
9365 \begin_layout Labeling
9366 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
9373 Separation between the float and the caption
9376 \begin_layout Labeling
9377 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
9384 Separation between the caption and the following text
9387 \begin_layout Labeling
9388 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
9395 You can make the captions narrower than the surrounding text by adjusting
9397 Best done relative to
9406 \begin_layout Standard
9407 There are also several title page related lengths that you may find useful
9408 if you have a long title or several authors:
9411 \begin_layout Labeling
9412 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
9419 Separation from headers to
9424 \begin_layout Labeling
9425 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
9443 \begin_layout Labeling
9444 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
9458 \begin_layout Labeling
9459 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
9475 \begin_layout Labeling
9476 \labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM
9492 \begin_layout Standard
9493 The last length related command affects all the list environments.
9504 a list environment then all the vertical spacing between the list items
9506 Note that this is a command not a length so it doesn't require
9512 like the stuff mentioned above.
9515 \begin_layout Subsubsection
9519 \begin_layout Standard
9532 commands control whether the logo in the
9536 definition appear on a given page.
9543 in the preamble then none of the foils will have the logo on them.
9544 If you don't want the logo on a particular page place the
9550 directly after the foilhead of that page and the
9556 directly after the next foilhead.
9559 \begin_layout Standard
9560 If you decide to use the
9564 page style setting in the
9567 \begin_inset space ~
9572 dialog you should probably add
9582 to your preamble so headers and footers on landscape pages are correctly
9583 placed when rotated.
9584 This is due to some clashes between the page layouts provided by the
9595 \begin_layout Section
9596 Hollywood (Hollywood spec scripts)
9599 \begin_layout Standard
9605 \begin_layout Subsection
9609 \begin_layout Standard
9610 Getting the format of a Hollywood script right is a
9611 \begin_inset Quotes eld
9615 \begin_inset Quotes erd
9618 It is designed to make the readers focus on content and to be easy and
9619 familiar for the actors to read.
9620 Each page of a script should be one minute of film.
9621 Nothing goes in a script that you cannot see or hear on screen.
9622 The courier 12 pt font should be used throughout.
9626 \begin_layout Subsection
9630 \begin_layout Standard
9631 Speakers' lines should NEVER break in mid-sentence.
9632 If a speaker's lines continue over a page break, repeat the
9636 title followed by (Cont'd).
9639 \begin_layout Subsection
9643 \begin_layout Standard
9648 names as labels then cross-reference the label to insert the name.
9649 The cross-reference dialog will show the current cast of characters.
9650 You can use this to insert the speaker name in narratives also.
9653 \begin_layout Subsection
9654 Paper size and Margins
9657 \begin_layout Standard
9658 USLetter, left 1.6in, right 0.75in, top 0.5in, bottom 0.75in
9661 \begin_layout Subsection
9665 \begin_layout Standard
9666 The following environments are available.
9667 You can use hollywood.bind to get the bind keys shown at the right.
9670 \begin_layout Itemize
9674 \begin_inset Newline newline
9679 Used where nothing else works.
9683 \begin_layout Itemize
9689 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
9697 \begin_inset Newline newline
9700 Usually followed by something like
9701 \begin_inset Quotes eld
9705 \begin_inset Quotes erd
9711 \begin_layout Itemize
9715 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
9719 \begin_inset Newline newline
9724 Introduces a new INTERIOR camera set-up.
9725 Always followed by DAY or NIGHT, or something similar to define the lighting
9727 Everthing on this line in CAPS.
9730 \begin_layout Itemize
9734 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
9738 \begin_inset Newline newline
9743 Introduces a new EXTERIOR camera set-up.
9744 Everthing on this line in CAPS.
9747 \begin_layout Itemize
9751 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
9755 \begin_inset Newline newline
9760 The character speaking.
9763 \begin_layout Itemize
9767 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
9771 \begin_inset Newline newline
9776 Instructions to the speaker.
9777 The () are automatically inserted, but only the ( will show in LyX.
9778 Both will be printed.
9781 \begin_layout Itemize
9785 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
9789 \begin_inset Newline newline
9801 \begin_layout Itemize
9805 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
9809 \begin_inset Newline newline
9814 Camera movement instruction.
9816 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
9820 \begin_inset space \space{}
9826 \begin_layout Itemize
9830 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
9836 \begin_layout Itemize
9840 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
9846 \begin_layout Itemize
9850 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
9856 \begin_layout Itemize
9860 \begin_inset space \hfill{}
9866 \begin_layout Subsection
9870 \begin_layout Itemize
9871 (O.S) — off screen
9874 \begin_layout Itemize
9875 (V.0) — voice over
9878 \begin_layout Itemize
9880 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
9887 \begin_layout Itemize
9892 \begin_layout Itemize
9893 PAN — camera movement
9896 \begin_layout Itemize
9897 INSERT — cut to close-up of
9900 \begin_layout Section
9904 \begin_layout Standard
9907 Panayotis Papasotiriou
9910 \begin_layout Subsection
9914 \begin_layout Standard
9915 The ijmpc package is a set of macros that facilitates electronic manuscript
9918 International Journal of Modern Physics C
9921 Similarly, the ijmpd package is for creating manuscripts to be submitted
9924 International Journal of Modern Physics D
9927 Both journals are published by World Scientific.
9928 The corresponding document classes are named
9937 These files, together with instructions for the authors, can be downloaded
9939 \begin_inset Flex URL
9942 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9944 http://www.worldscinet.com/ijmpc/mkt/guidelines.shtml
9950 \begin_inset Flex URL
9953 \begin_layout Plain Layout
9955 http://www.worldscinet.com/ijmpd/mkt/guidelines.shtml
9961 Both packages are modified versions of the standard
9962 \begin_inset Quotes eld
9966 \begin_inset Quotes erd
9969 package, and they are almost (but not exactly) identical.
9970 Most of their features are supported by LyX.
9971 I have used LyX successfully to write articles submitted to both journals
9972 without any problem.
9975 \begin_layout Subsection
9979 \begin_layout Standard
9980 As usual, the easiest way to write a paper is to start with a template.
9983 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
10002 This will give an (almost) empty document that includes the most common
10003 fields found in a manuscript.
10004 Simply overwrite the existing text (including the brackets,
10009 You should keep in mind the following remarks.
10012 \begin_layout Enumerate
10013 LyX won't let you change the font size and the page style of the document,
10014 because such modifications are not allowed by both packages.
10017 \begin_layout Enumerate
10018 The language of the document should not be changed.
10019 Before previewing your paper, be sure that the babel package is not used.
10020 To do this, click on
10022 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
10033 checkbox in the language settings, and click on
10041 , if you wish to make this change permanent).
10044 \begin_layout Enumerate
10046 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10050 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10053 style must be used to define keywords.
10056 \begin_layout Enumerate
10057 The ijmpc package provides a style named
10058 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10061 Classification Codes
10062 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10065 , which can be used to define classification codes, such as PACS numbers.
10066 Note that this facility is not supported by the ijmpd package.
10069 \begin_layout Enumerate
10070 Several new environments are available:
10071 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10075 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10079 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10083 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10087 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10091 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10095 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10099 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10103 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10107 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10111 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10115 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10119 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10123 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10127 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10131 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10135 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10139 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10143 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10147 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10151 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10155 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10159 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10163 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10167 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10171 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10175 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10179 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10183 Their use is more or less obvious.
10184 LyX supports all these environments; it will use the proper label, text
10185 style, and numbering scheme for each of them.
10188 \begin_layout Enumerate
10189 Both packages use basic citations; the natbib package should not be used.
10190 In LyX, citation references are shown as usual; in the output, citations
10191 are shown as superscripts.
10192 If you want to use a citation as normal text, you should use the
10197 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
10201 \begin_inset space \space{}
10205 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10209 \begin_inset space \space{}
10219 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10225 \begin_layout Enumerate
10227 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10231 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10234 section in both packages.
10235 To put acknowledgments, just use the
10236 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10240 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10246 \begin_layout Enumerate
10247 Appendices may be added to the paper,
10251 the Acknowledgments and
10256 LyX provides a special environment, called
10257 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10261 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10264 which marks the beginning of the appendices.
10265 This environment should be left blank; it just sends a LaTeX command, but
10266 nothing is really printed.
10268 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10272 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10275 is printed with blue letters, as a signal that all sections after that
10276 point are appendices.
10277 To write an appendix, use the
10278 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10282 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10286 LyX will number each appendix with capital letters, as required by both
10289 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10293 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10300 be present before the first appendix; if not, all appendices will be numbered
10301 as normal sections in the output.
10304 \begin_layout Enumerate
10305 The ijmpc and the ijmpd packages use the
10309 command to implement table captions.
10310 As a result, a table created by LyX is printed correctly, but its caption
10312 However, you can use some TeX code to overpass this problem, so that captions
10313 are printed as expected.
10314 To do so, create a float table as usual, remove the caption, and replace
10315 it with the TeX code
10325 (sic); you must also the TeX code
10329 immediately after the tabular material.
10330 Study the example table included in the template files to see how this
10331 trick is implemented.
10332 Alternatively, If you need table captions, you should implement the whole
10337 file, then include this file to the LyX document (
10339 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
10340 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
10342 \begin_inset space ~
10348 Details on how to create a table float can be found in the files
10356 , included in the corresponding packages.
10359 \begin_layout Subsection
10360 Preparing a paper for submission
10363 \begin_layout Standard
10364 Before you submit your paper you must export the LyX document as a LaTeX
10367 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
10368 Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
10379 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10380 Actually you have the choice between LaTeX (plain) and pdflatex.
10381 If you intend to use pdflatex to prepare the paper, you should use the
10382 pdflatex option so that included graphics are converted to PDF format,
10383 ready for use by pdflatex.
10388 , then make the following changes to the resulting
10395 \begin_layout Enumerate
10396 Remove the comment lines before the
10405 \begin_layout Enumerate
10406 Remove everything between (and including) the
10418 commands, except for any commands you specifically put into the LaTeX preamble.
10421 \begin_layout Standard
10426 file should be saved and processed through LaTeX as many times as necessary.
10427 You may also want to check the resulting
10434 \begin_layout Subsection
10438 \begin_layout Standard
10439 The use of TeX code is reduced to two commands, which must be placed at
10440 the top of the document.
10441 If you started writing your paper by using the
10449 template, the TeX code needed is already in its place; you usually don't
10451 You may only modify the first TeX code to specify the information printed
10452 to the top of odd and even pages (authors' names and short paper's title,
10454 This TeX code must have the form
10458 markboth{Authors' Names}{Short Paper's Title}
10463 \begin_layout Section
10467 \begin_layout Standard
10473 \begin_layout Subsection
10477 \begin_layout Standard
10478 The iopart package provides a document class to create electronic manuscript
10479 submission to the journals published by the Institute of Physics.
10480 Instructions for the authors how to create a paper using the iopart class
10481 can be downloaded together with the iopart package from the site
10482 \begin_inset Flex URL
10485 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10487 ftp://ftp.iop.org/pub/journals/latex2e
10495 \begin_layout Subsection
10499 \begin_layout Standard
10500 The easiest way to write a paper is to start with the file
10504 that is available in LyX's examples files folder.
10505 Open this file, save it under a new name, and start writing.
10506 The example file explains how to use the special text environments.
10507 Here are the most important advices:
10510 \begin_layout Itemize
10511 To be able to compile your document to a PDF, PS, or DVI, assure that the
10514 Use AMS math package
10516 in the document settings under
10523 \begin_layout Itemize
10526 The title environment defines the kind of your paper.
10527 So use one of the following environments for the title:
10531 \begin_layout Itemize
10540 \begin_layout Itemize
10549 \begin_layout Itemize
10555 for a Topical review
10558 \begin_layout Itemize
10567 \begin_layout Itemize
10576 \begin_layout Itemize
10582 for a Paper (same as Title)
10585 \begin_layout Itemize
10591 for a Preliminary communication
10594 \begin_layout Itemize
10600 for a Rapid communication
10603 \begin_layout Itemize
10609 for a Letter to the editor
10613 \begin_layout Itemize
10616 All title environments except of
10620 can have an optional short title.
10623 \begin_layout Itemize
10624 There is a general title environment
10628 which is not directly supported by the LyX.
10629 This can be used as TeX code when your document doesn't fit into one of
10630 the other title types.
10633 \begin_layout Standard
10634 For more informations like hints for special table and formula formatting,
10635 look at the IOP author guidelines.
10638 \begin_layout Section
10642 \begin_layout Standard
10645 Panayotis Papasotiriou
10648 \begin_layout Subsection
10652 \begin_layout Standard
10653 The Kluwer package is a set of macros produced by Kluwer Academic Publishers
10654 that facilitates electronic manuscript submission to the journals they
10656 Most known of them (at least in my domain of interest) are
10658 Astrophysics and Space Science
10664 , but there are many others (see a complete list at
10665 \begin_inset Flex URL
10668 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10670 http://www.wkap.nl/jrnllist.htm/JRNLHOME
10676 The Kluwer package may be downloaded from the site
10677 \begin_inset Flex URL
10680 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10682 http://www.wkap.nl/kaphtml.htm/STYLEFILES
10688 A complete user guide is contained in that package (but it can also be
10689 downloaded separately).
10692 \begin_layout Standard
10693 LyX supports many features of the package but not everything.
10694 However, the TeX code needed is reduced to some
10695 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10699 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10702 commands of the package (see
10703 \begin_inset space ~
10707 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
10709 reference "subsec:kluwer_peculiarities"
10714 I have recently used LyX to write an article submitted to the
10716 Astrophysics and Space Science
10718 without any problem.
10721 \begin_layout Subsection
10725 \begin_layout Standard
10726 The easiest way to write a paper is to start with the Kluwer template file.
10729 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
10741 This will give an (almost) empty document that includes the most common
10742 fields found in a manuscript and a short description of their use.
10743 As in most templates, simply overwrite the existing text (including the
10748 ) with the correct information.
10751 \begin_layout Subsection
10752 Preparing a paper for submission
10755 \begin_layout Standard
10756 As in the AASTeX package, before you submit your paper to a journal you
10758 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10762 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10768 \begin_layout Enumerate
10769 Export your paper as a LaTeX file.
10770 To do this, click on
10772 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
10773 Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
10780 \begin_layout Enumerate
10785 file with a text editor and make the following changes
10789 \begin_layout Enumerate
10790 remove the comment lines before the
10799 \begin_layout Enumerate
10800 remove everything between (and including) the
10812 commands, except for any commands you specifically put into the LaTeX preamble.
10815 \begin_layout Standard
10824 \begin_layout Enumerate
10829 file through LaTeX as many times as necessary (usually up to three).
10832 \begin_layout Enumerate
10838 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
10842 \begin_inset space \space{}
10849 , and check if everything is OK (it should, if you didn't make any mistake).
10852 \begin_layout Subsection
10853 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10857 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10860 of the Kluwer package
10861 \begin_inset CommandInset label
10863 name "subsec:kluwer_peculiarities"
10870 \begin_layout Standard
10871 The Kluwer package has the following
10872 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10876 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10882 \begin_layout Enumerate
10883 It is possible to write multiple articles in the same LaTeX file
10887 \begin_layout Plain Layout
10888 I can't imagine any good reason to do this.
10894 Each article must be included in the environment
10895 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10899 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10903 Unfortunately, this environment cannot be omitted, even if you write just
10905 Therefore, each article starts with the command
10911 and, obviously, ends with the command
10918 Although this can be implemented in LyX, I didn't included it, since it
10919 looks ugly and can confuse the novice user.
10920 Therefore, you need to enter them directly and mark them as LaTeX code
10922 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10926 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10932 \begin_layout Enumerate
10933 Information given at the beginning of the article (i.
10934 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
10938 \begin_inset space \space{}
10941 title, subtitle, author, institution, running title, running author, abstract
10942 and keywords) must be included in an environment called
10943 \begin_inset Quotes eld
10947 \begin_inset Quotes erd
10951 This is not implemented in LyX, so you must enter title, subtitle etc.
10952 \begin_inset space ~
10955 between two TeX code lines (
10970 \begin_layout Enumerate
10971 According to the user manual, the label of each bibliography item must be
10995 \begin_layout Standard
11000 template takes care of all these
11001 \begin_inset Quotes eld
11005 \begin_inset Quotes erd
11009 If you start a new paper using this template you don't need to do anything
11014 \begin_layout Enumerate
11015 don't delete the TeX code included in the template, and
11018 \begin_layout Enumerate
11019 copy the example bibliography item included in the template and modify it
11020 as necessary to enter new bibliography items.
11023 \begin_layout Section
11027 \begin_layout Standard
11033 \begin_layout Subsection
11037 \begin_layout Standard
11038 The LyX document classes
11040 article (koma-script)
11044 report (koma-script)
11062 correspond to the LaTeX document classes
11079 \begin_inset space ~
11082 of the Koma-Script family.
11083 They are replacements for the standard document classes
11099 , resp., and fit better to European typography conventions in a number of
11103 \begin_layout Itemize
11104 Standard character size is 11pt in
11106 article (koma-script)
11110 report (koma-script)
11118 letter (koma-script)
11123 \begin_layout Itemize
11124 Headings, labels of the description environment, and a number of elements
11127 letter (koma-script)
11129 document class are set in a bold sans serif font.
11133 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11134 There is a big difference between the bold sans serif old cm fonts and new
11135 ec fonts, especially in the appearance of headings.
11136 In comparison, the ec bold sans serif fonts look a bit thin.
11137 Here the LaTeX package
11145 helps to produce the
11146 \begin_inset Quotes eld
11150 \begin_inset Quotes erd
11153 appearance when using the ec fonts.
11158 The numbering of chapter headings is made in the same way as the numbering
11159 of section headings, that is without the extra line
11160 \begin_inset Quotes eld
11163 Chapter\SpecialChar \ldots{}
11165 \begin_inset Quotes erd
11169 In addition, the appearance of the headings can be modified by using a
11170 number of options (in LyX to be entered in the field
11173 \begin_inset space ~
11180 Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
11184 A detailed German description of these options can be found in the Koma-Script
11192 \begin_layout Itemize
11193 The main means in the Koma-Script document classes to design the type area
11202 (in LyX to be entered in the extra class options field in the dialog
11204 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
11208 They make a clearer modification of page margins possible as do the options
11211 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
11215 A detailed German description of these and other type area options can
11216 be found in the Koma-Script documentation
11223 \begin_layout Itemize
11224 The LaTeX document classes of the Koma-Script family define a number of
11225 additional commands.
11226 Those part of it which makes sense in LyX is implemented in corresponding
11230 \begin_layout Standard
11231 A detailed German description of the LaTeX document classes of the Koma-Script
11232 family can be found in the Koma-Script documentation
11240 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11241 There is an English translation
11245 , but it is not a complete one.
11250 The following sections describe only those aspects, which are relevant
11254 \begin_layout Subsection
11255 article (koma-script), report (koma-script), and book (koma-script)
11258 \begin_layout Standard
11259 The document classes
11261 article (koma-script)
11265 report (koma-script)
11275 are implemented in the layout files
11288 They contain all the paragraph types of the corresponding standard document
11301 , resp., partly modified, with the exception of the LyX specific
11305 -type, which is replaced by the new
11309 -type having the same functionality.
11314 -Type there is a number of new paragraph types added.
11321 letter (koma-script)
11326 \begin_layout Itemize
11335 : are equivalents to
11343 , resp., additionally inserting an entry in the table of contents.
11352 are not contained in
11354 article (koma-script)
11359 \begin_layout Itemize
11368 : behave exactly as
11376 , resp., additionally clearing running heads.
11381 is not contained in
11383 article (koma-script)
11389 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11402 report (koma-script)
11404 , but since this is identical to
11408 , is has not been implemented in LyX.
11416 \begin_layout Itemize
11421 : generates a heading directly above the following paragraph in the standard
11422 character size without affecting the structure of the document.
11425 \begin_layout Itemize
11434 are special captions which respect the different space settings needed
11435 for captions placed above or below an element (if you follow strict typographic
11436 rules, you might want to place table captions always above the table).
11437 You can also use the class option
11441 , which will switch
11454 You need at least Koma-Script version 2.8q to use this.
11457 \begin_layout Itemize
11462 : can be used to set a bonmot, e.
11463 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
11467 \begin_inset space \space{}
11470 at the beginning of a chapter.
11471 If you use the optional argument (
11473 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
11475 \begin_inset space ~
11480 ), you can insert the dictum's author there.
11481 Dictum and author are separated by a line.
11482 You need at least Koma-Script version 2.8q to use this.
11487 is not contained in
11489 article (koma-script)
11494 \begin_layout Standard
11495 The following types, together with the standard types
11507 , form the title area of the document.
11508 They must be entered ahead of the first
11509 \begin_inset Quotes eld
11513 \begin_inset Quotes erd
11520 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11521 The corresponding LaTeX commands must appear before the
11532 When such a type is used more than once, the latter usage overwrites the
11533 former one, that means, for every type only the latest usage is valid.
11534 The order of the different types however has, like
11546 , no effect on the appearance of the produced document.
11549 \begin_layout Itemize
11554 : produces a centered paragraph above the ordinary title (
11566 ) for the subject of the document.
11569 \begin_layout Itemize
11574 : produces a centered paragraph below the ordinary title (
11586 ) for the publishers' name.
11589 \begin_layout Itemize
11596 report (koma-script)
11602 produces a centered paragraph on its own page behind the title page, or
11605 article (koma-script)
11607 produces a centered paragraph below the ordinary title (
11623 ) for a dedication.
11626 \begin_layout Itemize
11631 : produces a left aligned paragraph above the ordinary title (
11647 ) for a document`s head.
11650 \begin_layout Itemize
11655 : produces in a double-sided print in
11657 report (koma-script)
11663 a left-aligned paragraph at the top of the title page`s back or has no
11664 effect in a single-sided print or in
11666 article (koma-script)
11671 \begin_layout Itemize
11676 : produces in a double-sided print in
11678 report (koma-script)
11684 a left-aligned paragraph at the bottom of the title page`s back or has
11685 no effect in a single-sided print or in
11687 article (koma-script)
11692 \begin_layout Itemize
11697 : produces a special
11698 \begin_inset Quotes eld
11702 \begin_inset Quotes erd
11705 page ahead of the actual document containing a paragraph without special
11709 \begin_layout Standard
11710 The layout files for the document classes
11712 article (koma-script)
11716 report (koma-script)
11722 do include the file
11727 This is thought of as a place to define your own types.
11732 in your personal layout directory and edit the file!
11735 \begin_layout Subsection
11736 letter (koma-script)
11739 \begin_layout Standard
11743 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11755 \begin_layout Standard
11759 letter (koma-script)
11761 is implemented in the layout file
11766 It contains all the paragraph types of the corresponding standard document
11771 , partly modified, with the exception of the LyX specific types
11783 type, which is replaced by the new
11788 In addition, it contains, in contrast to the standard document class, the
11806 Furthermore, there are a number of new letter specific types.
11809 \begin_layout Standard
11813 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11825 \begin_layout Standard
11826 The appearance of the letter produced by this document class can be controlled
11827 by a number of LaTeX commands, which you can put in the LaTeX preamble.
11831 \begin_layout Plain Layout
11832 For example, the standard appearance of the letter`s heading, consisting
11833 of name and address, is quite self-willed.
11835 \begin_inset Quotes eld
11839 \begin_inset Quotes erd
11842 heading is produced by the following LaTeX commands in the preamble:
11845 \begin_layout LyX-Code
11855 \begin_layout LyX-Code
11871 \begin_layout LyX-Code
11881 \begin_layout LyX-Code
11901 A detailed German description of such LaTeX commands can be found in the
11902 Koma-Script documentation
11907 With it, the letter's author can produce his personal letter layout.
11910 \begin_layout Standard
11919 define the beginning of the letter and must be used in every letter.
11920 To emphasize them in the LyX document class, they are marked with the letter
11930 \begin_inset space ~
11933 in the left margin.
11934 It is possible to write any number of letters in one file.
11939 type produces a new letter using the same addressee and a
11943 type produces a new addressee.
11960 are ordinary paragraph types and can also be used several times in one
11961 and the same letter.
11964 \begin_layout Itemize
11969 : produces a paragraph for the addressee and implicitly defines the beginning
11973 \begin_layout Itemize
11978 : produces a paragraph for the form of address and implicitly produces a
11982 \begin_layout Itemize
11987 : produces a paragraph for a close.
11990 \begin_layout Itemize
11995 : produces a paragraph for a postscript.
11998 \begin_layout Itemize
12003 : produces a paragraph for a distribution list.
12006 \begin_layout Itemize
12011 : produces a paragraph for enclosures.
12014 \begin_layout Standard
12055 are input types provided with a label to enter information, which will
12056 be processed by the document class.
12060 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12061 It could be seen as a matter of inconsequence, that the types
12069 described above are not such input types as well.
12070 Because of the special meaning of those types, however, I have implemented
12071 them as ordinary paragraph types with a one letter mark in the left margin.
12072 Moreover, it would affect my feeling of symmetry, if the
12080 type had such a serious different appearance.
12085 The types must be used ahead of the corresponding
12092 \begin_layout Standard
12093 An implementation of these types in a WYSIWYG fashion does not seem to make
12094 sense, because the real appearance of the produced letter does not only
12095 depend on the usage of the particular type, but also on other factors.
12096 For example, a signature entered in the
12100 type will in the standard behavior appear in the produced letter only,
12101 when in the same letter also a
12106 The entered value of the
12110 type will in the standard behavior not appear in the produced letter at
12112 The possibility to design the letter`s heading freely is already indicated
12113 in a footnote above.
12116 \begin_layout Standard
12117 The input types can also be used as empty paragraphs.
12118 This makes sense e.
12119 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
12123 \begin_inset space \space{}
12135 type is not used at all, in the standard behavior the value of the
12139 type is used as signature, whereas if an empty
12143 type is used, no signature value is defined.
12146 \begin_layout Standard
12147 By using the input types it is possible to write a letter template, containing
12148 filled input types with your personal dates (name, address, etc.) and empty
12149 input types for other dates you want to enter.
12152 \begin_layout Itemize
12157 : sender's name, in the standard behavior appears as a centered paragraph
12158 in small caps in the letter`s heading.
12161 \begin_layout Itemize
12166 : sender's signature, in the standard behavior appears below the
12175 type is used, the value of the
12179 type appears instead.
12182 \begin_layout Itemize
12187 : sender's address, in the standard behavior appears in a centered paragraph
12188 in the letter`s heading below the sender's name.
12191 \begin_layout Itemize
12196 : sender's telephone number, in the standard behavior only sets the LaTeX
12206 \begin_layout Itemize
12211 : place of the letter`s making.
12214 \begin_layout Itemize
12219 : date of the letter`s making.
12228 , in the standard behavior, produce the place and the date in a right-aligned
12229 line below the addressee's field.
12234 type is used, neither place nor date appear, independent of the value of
12244 type is used, the date of the letter `s production is used.
12247 \begin_layout Itemize
12252 : sender`s back address, in the standard behavior appears above the addressee's
12253 field in a small sans serif font.
12256 \begin_layout Itemize
12261 : special mail information, in the standard behavior appears underlined
12262 above the addressee's field below the back address.
12265 \begin_layout Itemize
12270 : additional information, in the standard behavior appears on right side
12271 below the addressee`s field.
12274 \begin_layout Itemize
12279 : the letter's title, in the standard behavior appears in a big, bold, sans
12280 serif font above the subject.
12283 \begin_layout Itemize
12288 : the letter's subject, in the standard behavior appears in a bold font
12296 \begin_layout Standard
12317 produce a business letter like line above the
12321 line containing the fields
12322 \begin_inset Quotes eld
12326 \begin_inset Quotes erd
12330 \begin_inset Quotes eld
12334 \begin_inset Quotes erd
12338 \begin_inset Quotes eld
12342 \begin_inset Quotes erd
12346 \begin_inset Quotes eld
12350 \begin_inset Quotes erd
12354 \begin_inset Quotes eld
12358 \begin_inset Quotes erd
12362 \begin_inset Quotes eld
12366 \begin_inset Quotes erd
12370 For the date field, the value of the
12376 \begin_inset Quotes eld
12379 business letter types
12380 \begin_inset Quotes erd
12383 is used, the value of the
12387 type however does not appear, but only the LaTeX variable
12394 The ordinary output of place and date in a right-aligned line below the
12395 addressee`s field is suppressed.
12396 The types are implemented as input types provided with a label and must
12397 be used ahead of the corresponding
12404 \begin_layout Itemize
12412 \begin_layout Itemize
12420 \begin_layout Itemize
12428 \begin_layout Itemize
12436 \begin_layout Itemize
12444 \begin_layout Subsection
12445 The new letter class: letter (koma-script v.2)
12448 \begin_layout Standard
12451 Jürgen Spitzmüller
12454 \begin_layout Standard
12455 \begin_inset VSpace medskip
12461 \begin_layout Standard
12463 Koma-Script version 2.8 has introduced a new letter class
12467 which supersedes the now unsupported
12472 It has — on the LaTeX side — a completely new interface and is not compatible
12473 with the old class.
12474 Therefore, LyX supports both, though it is recommended to use the new class.
12477 \begin_layout Standard
12478 This class covers the same functionality as
12480 letter (koma-script),
12483 The basic items are
12487 (receiver's address, same as
12491 in the old layout),
12504 will start a new letter (i.
12505 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
12509 \begin_inset space \space{}
12512 you can write several letters per document).
12513 New elements are sender's
12529 and the possibility to use a
12535 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
12541 \begin_layout Standard
12542 The biggest improvement is, though, that the letter's layout is configurable
12543 at almost any needs.
12544 This can be done via the preamble or with a special style file (Letter
12545 Class Option, extension
12549 ), that will be read in as a class option.
12553 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12554 The KOMA package comes with some default
12559 There is, for instance, a
12563 file that follows german typesetting rules, or a
12567 that provides the default layout of the old
12572 The latter can be loaded with the class option
12581 ayout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
12586 ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
12598 template that is included in LyX for examples.
12599 A detailed description is to be found in the Koma-Script documentation
12607 \begin_layout Subsection
12611 \begin_layout Standard
12612 Visualizing the Koma-Script document classes in LyX, the LyX internals cause
12616 \begin_layout Itemize
12617 The chapter number of a
12621 type appears on a line of its own above the chapter heading instead of
12622 appearing in the same line ahead of it.
12623 The cause for that is the LyX internal behavior for the labeltype
12627 in the layout file.
12630 \begin_layout Itemize
12631 The headings of the types
12639 are only put in the
12640 \begin_inset Quotes eld
12644 \begin_inset Quotes erd
12647 LaTeX table of contents, but not in the LyX table of contents (
12649 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
12651 \begin_inset space ~
12655 \begin_inset space ~
12663 \begin_layout Itemize
12664 The paragraphs in a
12668 document class appear in a skip separation mode, not indented.
12669 This is the standard behavior, no special LaTeX commands are needed for
12673 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
12676 dialog the corresponding radio button indicates
12685 value always has the effect that extra LaTeX commands are inserted in the
12686 document to produce the gap, which is not what is wanted in this case.
12689 \begin_layout Section
12690 Latex8 (IEEE Conference Papers)
12693 \begin_layout Standard
12699 \begin_layout Subsection
12703 \begin_layout Standard
12704 Since this class is specifically for writing submissions to IEEE sponsored
12705 conferences I strongly recommend that you get a copy of their Authors Kit.
12710 package and associated bibliography style file is included in the kit.
12711 The Authors Kit is usually sent out by email once your initial submission
12713 There is a lot of useful information in the Authors Kit explaining formatting
12714 restrictions and so on and I will assume you have read this since that
12715 means I don't have to repeat it all here.
12718 \begin_layout Subsection
12722 \begin_layout Standard
12723 [AR\SpecialChar \@.
12727 \begin_layout Subsection
12728 Supported Environments
12731 \begin_layout Itemize
12737 \begin_layout Itemize
12743 \begin_layout Itemize
12749 \begin_layout Itemize
12755 \begin_layout Itemize
12761 \begin_layout Itemize
12767 \begin_layout Itemize
12773 \begin_layout Itemize
12779 \begin_layout Itemize
12785 \begin_layout Subsection
12786 Differences Between Screen and Paper
12789 \begin_layout Standard
12790 There are slight differences in appearance mainly with the presentation
12791 of section counters.
12792 On screen the trailing period of the section counter is missing but it
12793 will appear in the output so don't let this worry you.
12796 \begin_layout Section
12800 \begin_layout Standard
12803 Jürgen Spitzmüller
12806 \begin_layout Subsection
12810 \begin_layout Standard
12811 Memoir is a very powerful and constantly evolving class.
12812 It has been designed with regard to fictional and non-fictional literature.
12813 Its aim is to let the user have maximum control over the typesetting of
12815 Memoir is based on the standard book class, but it can also emulate the
12816 article class (see below).
12819 \begin_layout Standard
12820 Peter Wilson, the developer of Memoir, is known as the author of lots of
12821 useful packages in the LaTeX world.
12822 Most of them have been merged with Memoir.
12823 Therefore, it is much easier to layout the table of contents, appendices,
12824 chapter designs and such.
12825 LyX, though, does not support all of these goodies natively.
12826 Some of them might be added to forthcoming releases
12830 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12831 You are invited to send suggestions to
12832 \begin_inset Flex URL
12835 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12837 lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org
12847 , lots will probably never, due to the limitations of LyX's framework.
12848 Of course you can still use all features with the help of some native LaTeX
12853 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12858 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12868 \begin_inset space ~
12872 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
12874 reference "sec:Inserting-TeX-Code"
12884 In this section, we can only list those features which are natively supported
12886 For detailed descriptions (and for the rest of features) we are recommending
12887 to have a look at the detailed manual of the Memoir class
12891 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12896 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12906 \begin_inset Flex URL
12909 \begin_layout Plain Layout
12911 CTAN:/macros/latex/memoir/memman.pdf
12921 , which is not only a user guide for the class, but also both a comprehensive
12922 description on good typesetting and a superb example for good typesetting
12926 \begin_layout Subsection
12927 Basic features and restrictions
12930 \begin_layout Standard
12931 Memoir supports basically all features of the standard book classes.
12932 There are, however, some differences, as follows:
12935 \begin_layout Description
12937 \begin_inset space ~
12940 sizes: Memoir has a broader range of font sizes: 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17
12943 \begin_layout Description
12945 \begin_inset space ~
12948 style: The fancy page style is not supported, due to a command clash between
12949 Memoir and the fancyhdr package (they are both defining a command with
12950 the same name, which confuses LaTeX).
12951 Instead, Memoir comes with a bunch of own page styles (see
12953 Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
12954 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
12956 \begin_inset space ~
12962 If you want to use these for the chapter pages, you have to use the command
12969 in the main text or in preamble (e.
12970 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
12974 \begin_inset space \space{}
12981 chapterstyle{companion}
12986 \begin_layout Description
12987 Sectioning: Sectionings (chapter, section, subsection etc.) are coming with
12988 an optional argument in the standard classes.
12989 With this, you can specify an alternative version of the title for the
12990 table of contents and the headers (for instance, if the title is too long).
12991 In LyX, you can do this via
12993 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
12995 \begin_inset space ~
13000 at the beginning of a chapter/section.
13001 Memoir features a second optional argument and thus separates the table
13002 of contents from the header.
13003 You can define three variants of a title with this: one for the main text,
13004 one for the table of contents, and one for the headers.
13005 Simply insert two optional arguments if you need this feature, the first
13006 one containing the short title for the Table of Contents, the second one
13007 containing an alternative short title for the headers.
13010 \begin_layout Description
13011 TOC/LOT/LOF: In the standard classes (and in many other classes), the table
13012 of contents, the list of figures and the list of table start a new page
13014 Memoir does not follow this route.
13015 You have to insert a page break yourself, if you want to have one.
13018 \begin_layout Description
13019 Titlepage: For some unknown reason, Memoir uses pagination on the title
13020 page (in the standard classes, title pages are
13021 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13025 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13029 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13033 \begin_inset space \space{}
13037 If you want an empty title page, type
13041 aliaspagestyle{title}{empty}
13046 \begin_layout Description
13047 Article: With the class option
13053 Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
13054 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
13056 \begin_inset space ~
13061 ), you can emulate article style.
13062 That is, counters (footnotes, figures, tables etc.) will not be reset on
13063 new chapters, chapters don't start a new page (but are—in contrary to
13064 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13068 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13071 article classes—still allowed), parts, though, use their own page, as in
13075 \begin_layout Description
13076 Oldfontcommands: By default, Memoir does not allow the use of the deprecated
13077 font commands, which have been used in the old LaTeX version 2.09 (e.
13078 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13082 \begin_inset space \space{}
13098 It produces an error and stops LaTeX whenever such a command appears.
13103 reallows the commands and spits out warnings instead (which does at least
13105 Since a lot of packages and particularly BibTeX style files are still using
13106 those commands, we have decided to use this option by default.
13109 \begin_layout Subsection
13113 \begin_layout Standard
13114 We will only describe the features supported by LyX (which is not much currently
13116 Please consult the Memoir manual
13120 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13125 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13135 \begin_inset Flex URL
13138 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13140 CTAN:/macros/latex/memoir/memman.pdf
13153 \begin_layout Description
13154 Abstract: You may wonder why an abstract is an extra feature.
13155 Well, it is in book class.
13156 Usually books don't have abstracts.
13157 Memoir, however, has.
13158 You can use it wherever and how often you like.
13161 \begin_layout Description
13162 Chapterprecis: You may know this from belletristic: The contents of a chapter
13163 is shortly described below the title and also in the table of contents
13165 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13169 \begin_inset space \space{}
13174 Our hero arrives in Troia; he loses some friends; he finds others
13177 Chapterprecis does exactly this.
13178 It is therefore only sensible below a chapter.
13181 \begin_layout Description
13182 Epigraph: An epigraph is a smart slogan or motto at the beginning of a chapter.
13183 The epigraph environment provides an elegant way of typesetting such a
13185 The motto itself (text) and its author (source) are divided by a short
13187 Unfortunately, we have to fool LyX a bit here again, since the environment
13188 needs two arguments (text and source).
13189 In this case, we have to use curly brackets (in TeX mode) between the two
13200 <author of the slogan>.
13203 \begin_layout Description
13204 Poemtitle: Memoir has lots of possibilities to typeset poetry (up to very
13205 complex figurative poems).
13206 LyX can only support a few of them.
13207 One is poemtitle, which is a centered title for poems, which will also
13208 be added to the table of contents (verse is the standard environment for
13210 Memoir has some enhanced versions of verse, but you need to use TeX code,
13211 because they have to be nested inside regular verse environments, which
13212 is not possible with LyX).
13215 \begin_layout Description
13216 Poemtitle*: Same as poemtitle, but it adds no entry to the table of contents.
13219 \begin_layout Section
13220 Article (mwart), book (mwbk) and report (mwrep)
13221 \begin_inset OptArg
13224 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13237 \begin_layout Standard
13243 \begin_layout Standard
13244 The LyX document classes
13260 correspond to the LaTeX document classes
13273 They are replacements for the standard document classes
13285 , resp., and fit better to Polish typography conventions in a number of points.
13289 \begin_layout Standard
13293 \begin_layout Itemize
13294 Unnumbered titles (with star, e.
13295 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13299 \begin_inset space \space{}
13306 ) are added into table of contents,
13309 \begin_layout Itemize
13310 Additional page styles:
13314 \begin_layout Description
13315 uheadings header with separated lines,
13318 \begin_layout Description
13319 myheadings custom header, contents headers via commands:
13334 \begin_layout Description
13335 myuheadings custom header with separated lines,
13338 \begin_layout Description
13339 outer page number is placed on outer side of page
13343 \begin_layout Itemize
13348 \begin_layout Description
13349 rmheadings serif titles — default,
13352 \begin_layout Description
13353 sfheadings sansserif titles,
13356 \begin_layout Description
13357 authortitle on title page first placed is author next title — default,
13360 \begin_layout Description
13361 titleauthor on title page first placed is title next author,
13364 \begin_layout Description
13365 withmarginpar reserve place on page for margins.
13369 \begin_layout Section
13373 \begin_layout Standard
13378 provides an alternative to the standard
13383 It provides similar functionality, but you might prefer this layout with
13384 sans serif sections, headings, and more.
13387 \begin_layout Section
13391 \begin_layout Standard
13397 \begin_layout Standard
13398 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
13404 \begin_layout Standard
13409 \begin_inset space ~
13414 textclass works with the American Physical Sociey's RevTeX 4.0 (the
13415 \begin_inset Formula $\beta$
13418 release of May, 1999) class.
13421 \begin_layout Standard
13426 textclass, which works with RevTeX 3.1.
13427 However, v3.1 is basically obsolete, as it works with LaTeX 2.09.
13428 That means that it doesn't interact very well with LyX, which requires
13429 LaTeX2e, although it has been kludged to work.
13430 Since RevTeX 4.0 has been designed to work much more cleanly with LaTeX2e,
13434 \begin_inset space ~
13439 textclass should also be pretty easy to use.
13442 \begin_layout Standard
13443 These documents are supposed to be used in
13447 to the RevTeX 4.0 documents, so we don't describe any of the special RevTeX
13448 macros, and assume you'll know what to put in the preamble if necessary.
13451 \begin_layout Subsection
13455 \begin_layout Standard
13456 All you need to do is install RevTeX 4, as described in the package's README
13458 The package can be found at The RevTeX 4 Web Site
13459 \begin_inset Flex URL
13462 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13464 http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/
13470 Install it somewhere that LaTeX can see it.
13471 Test it by trying to LaTeX a short RevTeX 4 document in some random directory
13473 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13477 \begin_inset space \space{}
13480 not the directory where you installed the class file.) Then, if you reconfigure
13481 LyX, it will find the class file and let you use the RevTeX4 textclass.
13484 \begin_layout Standard
13485 Probably the easiest way to get started is either to import a RevTeX 4 document
13493 \begin_inset space ~
13498 template, found in the templates directory.
13501 \begin_layout Subsection
13505 \begin_layout Standard
13506 Optional arguments to
13513 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13517 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13521 \begin_inset Quotes eld
13525 \begin_inset Quotes erd
13535 \begin_inset space ~
13543 \begin_inset space ~
13549 Remember that in RevTeX, at least one optional argument is required!
13552 \begin_layout Standard
13553 Other preamble matter, like
13560 \begin_inset space ~
13570 \begin_inset space ~
13575 dialog, also as usual.
13578 \begin_layout Subsection
13582 \begin_layout Standard
13583 The layouts basically correspond to the commands in RevTeX4.0.
13584 For example, the Email layout corresponds to
13591 Note that (at least as of RevTeX 4.0 Beta), the
13599 layouts are exactly equivalent, so you shouldn't need to use both.
13603 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13604 In case you're curious, both were included so that
13608 would be able to translate both
13628 \begin_layout Subsection
13632 \begin_layout Standard
13633 There are a couple of important unique aspects of RevTeX 4 which might cause
13634 bugs that will be even more confusing in LyX.
13637 \begin_layout Standard
13655 The LyX equivalent is that there is a separate Thanks layout.
13660 write footnotes in the
13664 layout, or weird things may happen.
13665 See the RevTeX 4 documentation for more details.
13668 \begin_layout Standard
13672 \begin_inset space ~
13680 \begin_inset space ~
13689 layouts must be placed
13697 layout and the corresponding
13714 , the LaTeX won't compile.
13717 \begin_layout Subsection
13721 \begin_layout Standard
13722 The main problem with this layout is that you can't use the optional arguments
13723 to layouts like Email and Title.
13724 (The problem is not unique to this layout; you can't use optional arguments
13725 to the Section layouts either.) This means that after you export that file
13726 to LaTeX (which you'll need to do eventually to send it in to APS), you'll
13727 need to edit the LaTeX file with a text editor to add the optional arguments
13729 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13733 \begin_inset space \space{}
13736 the running title for the page headers.
13737 Lacking these layouts makes the
13743 (and the equivalent
13749 ) useless, so the corresponding layouts don't exist, and will have to be
13754 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13759 actually, LyX 1.3.0 supports some forms of optional arguments, but this layout
13760 has not been updated yet to take advantage of it.
13768 \begin_layout Section
13769 Springer Journals (
13776 \begin_layout Standard
13782 \begin_layout Subsection
13786 \begin_layout Standard
13787 These are the layout files for some of the journal formats used by Springer
13788 Verlag and listed on
13789 \begin_inset Flex URL
13792 \begin_layout Plain Layout
13794 http://www.springer.de/author/tex/help-journals.html
13799 , where you should also go to fetch the class files (yes, these are LaTeX2e
13801 It is a modular system: the things common to all journals are implemented
13806 , which journal-specific layout files (such as, e.
13807 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13811 \begin_inset space \space{}
13818 for Journal of Geodesy) can include.
13821 \begin_layout Standard
13822 This means that implementing support for any other Springer journal on this
13823 list is as simple as writing your own
13831 file following the outline given in
13839 \begin_layout Standard
13840 It is reasonably well tested only for the Journal of Geodesy.
13849 come with the standard LyX distribution.
13850 Install the relevant class file (downloaded from Springer) in a proper
13851 directory, reconfigure LaTeX (in the teTeX case by running
13855 , as root if necessary — doesn't LyX take care of this?), reconfigure LyX
13856 and it should work.
13859 \begin_layout Subsection
13863 \begin_layout Standard
13864 A large number of theorem-like styles —
13870 \SpecialChar \ldots{}
13876 \begin_layout Standard
13879 Headnote, Dedication, Subtitle, Running_LaTeX_Title, Author_Running, Institute,
13880 Mail, Offprints, Keywords, Acknowledgements, Acknowledgement
13883 See the Springer class file documentation for details.
13886 \begin_layout Subsection
13890 \begin_layout Itemize
13902 \begin_layout Itemize
13905 Probability Theory and Related Fields
13911 — Jean-Marc Lasgouttes
13914 \begin_layout Standard
13915 Add your own, it isn't so hard!
13918 \begin_layout Subsection
13922 \begin_layout Standard
13923 These files are partly based on the older
13927 , which was again based on a tinkered-with version of an old LaTeX 2.09 style
13928 file from Springer.
13933 layout, are now defunct.
13934 Jean-Marc Lasgouttes helped out big in making me find my way around the
13935 LyX layout file mechanism.
13938 \begin_layout Subsection
13942 \begin_layout Standard
13944 But probably less than in the old hacked-LaTeX
13951 \begin_layout Standard
13953 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
13956 g.: does not display the number for theorem-like layouts, just #.
13959 \begin_layout Section
13965 \begin_inset CommandInset label
13974 \begin_layout Standard
13982 \begin_layout Subsection
13986 \begin_layout Standard
13987 This section describes how to use LyX to make slides for overhead projectors.
13988 There are two document classes that can do this: the default slides class
13994 This section documents the former.
13997 \begin_layout Standard
13998 I'm going to say this again, nice and clear, so that there's no misunderstanding
14002 \begin_layout Standard
14003 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
14009 \begin_layout Standard
14013 This section documents the class
14014 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14022 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14030 \begin_layout Standard
14031 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
14037 \begin_layout Standard
14038 If you're looking for the documentation for
14039 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14047 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14050 , check out section
14051 \begin_inset space ~
14055 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
14057 reference "sec:foiltex"
14067 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14075 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14078 ] is actually somewhat better than the default
14086 \begin_layout Plain Layout
14087 \SpecialChar \ldots{}
14088 or so I've been told repeatedly by its advocates.
14089 Having never used it, I have no idea if this claim is true or not.
14094 which this section documents.
14097 \begin_layout Standard
14098 This class is the LaTeX2e improvement of the old
14103 Every LaTeX2e distribution includes this class [which I'll just refer to
14105 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14113 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14116 from now on], so you're bound to have it.
14117 As I noted earlier, there are other classes, such as
14121 , which also produce slides for overhead projectors and do a better job
14123 However, there are some things which
14127 can do which the others can't, such as generate overlays.
14128 Read on to learn more!
14131 \begin_layout Subsection
14133 \begin_inset CommandInset label
14135 name "sec:slidesetup"
14142 \begin_layout Standard
14143 Obviously, to use this document class, you need to select
14144 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14152 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14155 from the class list in the
14157 Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
14161 There are some other special things you should know about this class:
14164 \begin_layout Itemize
14165 Don't bother changing the options
14170 They're not supported by the
14177 \begin_layout Itemize
14181 \begin_inset space ~
14186 behaves a bit differently for this class.
14187 The possible choices and what they do are as follows:
14191 \begin_layout Description
14196 The final output contains page numbers in the lower right corner.
14199 \begin_layout Description
14208 , but also prints out any time markers you've put in.
14209 This is the default.
14212 \begin_layout Description
14217 The final output contains no page numbers, time markers, or alignment markers.
14221 \begin_layout Itemize
14226 class has an extra option:
14232 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14240 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14243 in the extra class options.
14247 \begin_layout Standard
14248 Using this options allows you to add time markers to
14254 \begin_inset space ~
14258 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
14260 reference "sec:slideNote"
14268 \begin_layout Standard
14269 You can also use the template file
14270 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14278 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14281 to automatically set up a document to use the
14287 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
14289 \begin_inset space ~
14293 \begin_inset space ~
14298 to open your new document].
14299 The template file also contains some examples of the special paragraph
14300 environments used by this class.
14301 I'll describe those next.
14304 \begin_layout Subsection
14305 Paragraph Environments
14308 \begin_layout Subsubsection
14309 Supported Environments
14312 \begin_layout Standard
14313 The first thing you'll notice when you start up a new
14317 document is the font size and type: it's the equivalent of the size
14318 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14326 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14332 \begin_inset space ~
14338 This is also what's used in the output.
14340 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14344 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14347 to remind you that this is a slide.
14348 Your final slides will use a larger font; ergo, you'll have less space.
14349 Of course, the larger default screen font isn't WYSIWYG, only a reminder.
14352 \begin_layout Standard
14353 The next thing that becomes obvious is the changes to the paragraph environment
14354 pull-down box [at the far-left end of the toolbar].
14355 Most of the paragraph environments you're used to seeing are missing.
14356 There are also five new ones.
14361 class itself only supports certain paragraph environments:
14364 \begin_layout Itemize
14370 \begin_layout Itemize
14376 \begin_layout Itemize
14382 \begin_layout Itemize
14388 \begin_layout Itemize
14394 \begin_layout Itemize
14400 \begin_layout Itemize
14406 \begin_layout Itemize
14412 \begin_layout Itemize
14418 \begin_layout Itemize
14424 \begin_layout Itemize
14430 \begin_layout Standard
14431 All of the other standard environments, including the section-heading environmen
14432 ts, aren't used in the
14439 \begin_layout Standard
14440 On the other hand, you'll notice the following new environments:
14443 \begin_layout Itemize
14449 \begin_layout Itemize
14455 \begin_layout Itemize
14461 \begin_layout Itemize
14467 \begin_layout Itemize
14473 \begin_layout Standard
14474 These five are kind of quirky, due to a
14475 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14479 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14483 You see, LyX doesn't permit you to nest any other paragraph environment
14484 into an empty environment.
14485 Now, that's fine and dandy, but it means that you wouldn't be able to start
14486 a slide with anything except plain text.
14487 To deal with this, I've performed a little
14488 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14492 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14498 \begin_layout Subsubsection
14499 Quirks of the New Environments
14500 \begin_inset CommandInset label
14502 name "sec:slideQuirk"
14509 \begin_layout Standard
14510 All five of the new paragraph environments are somewhat quirky due to inherent
14511 limitiations in the current version of LyX.
14512 As I just mentioned, LyX forbids environments that begin with another environme
14514 To get around this, the
14518 environment isn't a paragraph environment as described in the
14526 \begin_layout Standard
14527 You should consider
14540 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14543 pseudo-environments.
14544 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14547 They look like a section heading or a
14548 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14556 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14559 but really begin a [and, if necessary, end the previous] paragraph environment.
14569 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14573 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14576 These two perform some action.
14579 \begin_layout Standard
14580 A common feature of all five environments,
14600 , is a rather long-ish label.
14601 The text following this label — ordinarily the contents of the paragraph
14602 environment — is utterly irrelevant for
14623 LyX completely ignores it.
14624 In fact, you can leave these five environments completely empty.
14628 \begin_layout Standard
14633 to put any text after the rather long-ish label, you might want to.
14634 This could be a short description of the contents of the
14639 In that case, enter in your descriptive comment and hit
14643 as you normally would.
14646 \begin_layout Standard
14647 If, on the other hand, you don't want to enter in any descriptive text,
14648 you'll hit another LyX quirk.
14649 LyX, like nature, abhors a vacuum, and will not let you start a new paragraph
14650 environment until you put something in the old one.
14654 \begin_layout Itemize
14655 Start entering the text that will
14683 \begin_layout Itemize
14684 Now move to the beginning of that paragraph.
14688 \begin_layout Itemize
14697 \begin_layout Itemize
14698 Finally, change this new, empty paragraph to a
14722 \begin_layout Standard
14723 Some future version of LyX will, hopefully, resolve this quirkiness\SpecialChar \ldots{}
14727 \begin_layout Subsection
14728 Making a Presentation with
14741 \begin_layout Subsubsection
14749 \begin_layout Standard
14750 If you're expecting this section to teach you how to actually make a presentatio
14751 n, you'll be sorely disappointed.
14752 Naturally, I'll describe all of the ways the
14756 class can assist you in preparing the materials for a presentation.
14757 Filling in the contents, however, is up to you.
14762 the LyX philosophy.]
14765 \begin_layout Standard
14770 environment [in the manner described in section
14771 \begin_inset space ~
14775 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
14777 reference "sec:slideQuirk"
14781 ] tells LyX to begin a new slide [duh].
14782 The label for this environment/
14783 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14787 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14791 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14795 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14798 in cool blue, followed by the label,
14799 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14803 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14807 Any text or paragraph environments that follow this one go on the new slide.
14811 \begin_layout Standard
14812 Slides are probably the only time you'll need to forcibly end pages in LyX
14813 (this can be specified in the
14818 In fact, you'll want to, once you finish entering the contents of one slide.
14819 If you've entered more text than can physically fit on a slide, the extra
14820 overflows onto a new slide.
14821 I don't recommend doing this, however, since the overflow slide won't have
14822 any page number on it.
14823 Furthermore, it may interfere with any
14827 you've made to accompany the oversized
14834 \begin_layout Standard
14843 environments work the same way as the
14848 They both create an
14849 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14853 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14856 followed by a label [
14857 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14861 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14865 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14869 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14873 The color is a stunning magenta instead of blue, and the
14874 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14878 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14881 will look different, in style and in length.
14882 The label fonts of all three also differ from one another.
14885 \begin_layout Standard
14890 , if the contents of a
14898 exceed the physical size of a slide or sheet of paper, the extra will overflow
14900 Again, you should avoid this.
14901 It defeats the whole purpose of
14912 \begin_layout Subsubsection
14922 \begin_layout Standard
14927 is a slide that sits atop another slide.
14928 Perhaps you wish to discuss a figure on the main
14932 before displaying the text associated with it.
14933 One way to accomplish this is tape a flap of dark paper over the part of
14938 you want to display later.
14939 This method fails, however, if you wish to overlap one graph with another,
14941 You would then have to fumble while speaking to align the two separate,
14946 s to align the two graphs.
14951 environment in both cases makes life much easier.
14954 \begin_layout Standard
14959 receives the page number of its
14960 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14964 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14972 \begin_inset Quotes eld
14980 \begin_inset Quotes erd
14987 \begin_layout Plain Layout
14988 Presumably, mutliple
14993 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15001 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15005 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15013 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15017 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15025 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15029 \begin_inset space ~
15032 appended to the page number of the parent
15042 Clearly, you want the contents of both the
15050 to each fit on a single physical slide! You should probably consider an
15056 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15060 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15072 class provides a visual cue for this: the label at the start of an
15076 is shorter than that at the start of a
15081 Lastly, when you generate printable output, you'll find alignment markers
15082 in all four corners of both the
15086 page and its parent
15091 These will assist you in lining up the two physical slides.
15094 \begin_layout Standard
15095 The major problem in overlaying two slides is aligning the contents of the
15096 two transparencies.
15097 How much space should you leave for that graph on the second slide? Worse
15098 still, what if you want a graph and a sentence on second slide, but there
15099 is text on the main transparency that goes in between them? You could try
15100 and insert vertical space of the right size.
15101 The better way is to use
15112 \begin_layout Standard
15113 As their names imply,
15121 are two command-like paragraph environments that make all subsequent text
15122 invisible and visible, respectively.
15124 \begin_inset space ~
15128 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
15130 reference "sec:slideQuirk"
15134 that you don't place anything
15138 these two environments, however.
15143 , it inserts a centered, sky-blue label into the page reading
15144 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15147 <Invisible Text Follows>
15148 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15152 For paragraphs following this label, the parts of the
15160 ; it doesn't matter which] where they would be contain instead blank space.
15164 \begin_layout Standard
15169 , the corresponding centered label is
15170 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15173 <Visible Text Follows>
15174 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15178 Paragraphs following this label behave normally.
15179 Note that the beginning of a new
15191 automatically shuts off an
15196 It's therefore not necessary to use
15207 \begin_layout Standard
15208 By now, it should be obvious how to create overlay transparencies using
15209 the proper combination of
15228 \begin_layout Enumerate
15233 , including everything that will appear on it, whether on the main slide
15241 \begin_layout Enumerate
15242 Before each figure or paragraph that will appear only on the
15251 If necessary, insert a
15255 environment after the
15262 \begin_layout Enumerate
15267 immediately following the
15274 \begin_layout Enumerate
15275 Copy the contents of this
15286 \begin_layout Enumerate
15291 , change all of the
15302 \begin_layout Standard
15304 You've just made an
15311 \begin_layout Standard
15312 There's one problem with the way I've designed the LyX
15316 class: you can't make text in the middle of a paragraph invisible, nor
15317 make text in the middle of an invisible paragraph visible again.
15318 To accomplish this feat, you'll need to use some inlined LaTeX codes.
15322 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15323 The commands of interest are:
15326 \begin_layout Itemize
15331 invisible \SpecialChar \ldots{}
15335 \begin_layout Itemize
15340 visible \SpecialChar \ldots{}
15344 \begin_layout Plain Layout
15345 \SpecialChar \ldots{}
15346 and need to be marked as TeX.
15348 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15352 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15355 you wish to change goes in between the brackets [and after the
15368 If you don't know how to mark text as TeX, see the appropriate section
15381 \begin_layout Subsubsection
15391 \begin_inset CommandInset label
15393 name "sec:slideNote"
15400 \begin_layout Standard
15409 is associated with a
15410 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15414 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15426 class provides visual cues.
15431 is shorter than that of a
15435 [yet longer than that of an
15439 ] and, like the label of an
15443 is shockingly magenta.
15444 Additionally, the printed
15448 has the page number of its
15449 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15453 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15461 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15469 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15473 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15481 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15485 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15493 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15497 You can have multiple
15501 s associated with a single
15513 , you'll probably want to break up long
15517 s so that they fit on a single sheet of paper.
15520 \begin_layout Standard
15525 is obvious: it contains anything additional you might want to say about
15531 It could also be used as a sheet of reminders for a particular
15536 In the case of the latter, you might want to make use of time markers.
15542 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15546 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15549 support for time markers, a
15554 So, you'll have to resort to using the LaTeX codes.
15557 \begin_layout Standard
15558 To use time markers, you'll need to specify the extra class option
15559 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15567 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15571 \begin_inset space ~
15575 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
15577 reference "sec:slidesetup"
15582 This option turns on timing marks, which will appear in the lower-left-hand
15588 To set what appears in the time marker, you use the LaTeX commands
15589 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15599 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15603 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15613 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15617 The arguments of both commands are time measured in seconds.
15619 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15629 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15632 sets the time marker to a given time.
15634 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15644 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15647 increments the time marker by the specified amount.
15648 Using time markers and
15652 s in this fashion, you can remind yourself how much time to spend on a particula
15660 \begin_layout Standard
15661 There's one last feature to describe.
15662 Clearly, you'd like to print out all of your
15670 s on transparencies while printing all of your
15687 with which it is associated.
15688 What's a person to do?
15691 \begin_layout Standard
15692 Luckily, there are two LaTeX commands that allow you to select what to print
15694 Both must be placed into the preamble of your document.
15696 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15708 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15711 will cause the output to contain only the
15720 Correspondingly, the command
15721 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15733 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15736 prevents the output of anything but
15741 I'd advise placing both commands in the preamble and initially comment
15743 You can then preview your entire presentation as you write.
15744 When you're done writing, you can then uncomment one of the two to select
15745 what you want to print.
15746 I like to uncomment
15747 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15759 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15762 , print to a file with
15763 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15771 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15774 in its name, comment it back out, then uncomment
15775 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15787 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15791 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15799 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15803 I can then send either file to a printer, loading transparencies or plain
15804 paper as appropriate.
15807 \begin_layout Standard
15808 You can also provide other arguments to the
15809 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15819 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15823 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15833 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15837 See a good LaTeX book for details.
15840 \begin_layout Subsection
15845 Class Template File
15848 \begin_layout Standard
15849 I have also provided a template file,
15850 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15858 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15866 To use it, begin your new presentation with
15871 ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
15873 \begin_inset space ~
15877 \begin_inset space ~
15887 Your new LyX presentation file will contain an example
15908 additionally contain an example of the use of
15917 Lastly, the preamble will contain:
15920 \begin_layout LyX-Code
15921 % Uncomment to print out only slides and overlays
15924 \begin_layout LyX-Code
15928 \begin_layout LyX-Code
15934 \begin_inset Newline newline
15940 \begin_layout LyX-Code
15941 % Uncomment to print out only notes
15944 \begin_layout LyX-Code
15948 \begin_layout LyX-Code
15956 \begin_layout Standard
15957 One final thing: I created this class to support the LaTeX2e
15958 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15966 \begin_inset Quotes erd
15969 class, one of the built-in LaTeX2e classes.
15970 Neither I nor the rest of the LyX Team endorse or oppose the use of this
15971 built-in slide class.
15972 It's here if you want it or need it.
15973 There exist other LaTeX2e classes for creating presentations, such as the
15979 \begin_inset space ~
15983 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
15985 reference "sec:foiltex"
15990 \begin_inset Quotes eld
15998 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16001 package [present on some TeX distributions].
16002 The latter is not yet supported under LyX.
16006 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16007 Perhaps you can take on the task\SpecialChar \ldots{}
16013 I know nothing about these other classes.
16014 Try them out to see what sort of alternative they provide.
16017 \begin_layout Chapter
16018 LyX Features needing Extra Software
16021 \begin_layout Section
16025 \begin_layout Standard
16031 \begin_layout Subsection
16035 \begin_layout Standard
16044 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16049 is not yet available when you are using the LaTeX distribution MiKTeX.
16054 , you'll find in the
16061 \begin_inset space ~
16072 \begin_inset CommandInset href
16074 target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/chktex.html"
16081 \begin_layout Standard
16086 package is a program that was written by
16087 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Noun
16090 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16092 \begin_inset space ~
16100 in frustration because some constructs in LaTeX are sometimes non-intuitive,
16101 and easy to forget.
16102 The program runs over your LaTeX file, checks the integrity of the file,
16103 and flags some common errors.
16104 In other technical words, it is
16111 \begin_layout Standard
16112 Well, what is a syntax checker doing in LyX which is supposed to produce
16113 correct LaTeX anyways? The answer is simple: Just as
16117 not only checks the
16121 of C programs, but also does
16125 checks for type-errors,
16129 catches some common
16133 errors, in addition to the syntactical ones.
16138 is capable of detecting several common errors, such as
16141 \begin_layout Itemize
16142 Ellipsis detection:
16143 \begin_inset Newline newline
16146 Use \SpecialChar \ldots{}
16150 \begin_layout Itemize
16151 No space in front of/after parenthesis:
16152 \begin_inset Newline newline
16158 \begin_layout Itemize
16159 Enforcement of normal space after common abbreviations:
16160 \begin_inset Newline newline
16164 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
16168 \begin_inset space \space{}
16171 is too wide spacing.
16174 \begin_layout Itemize
16175 Enforcement of end-of-sentence space when the last sentence ends with a
16177 \begin_inset Newline newline
16181 And this is wrong spacing.
16184 \begin_layout Itemize
16185 Space in front of labels and similar commands:
16186 \begin_inset Newline newline
16189 The label should stick right up to the text to avoid falling to a wrong
16192 \begin_inset CommandInset label
16202 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16203 This footnote is in danger of falling off to a wrong page
16208 The label is separated too much.
16211 \begin_layout Itemize
16212 Space in front of references, instead of hard spaces:
16213 \begin_inset Newline newline
16216 In you are in bad luck, the text will break right between the referenced
16217 text and reference number, and that's a pity.
16219 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
16221 reference "sec:chktex"
16228 \begin_layout Itemize
16230 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16234 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16238 \begin_inset Formula $\times$
16242 \begin_inset Newline newline
16245 2x2 looks cheap compared to
16246 \begin_inset Formula $2\times2$
16252 \begin_layout Standard
16253 and more \SpecialChar \ldots{}
16254 It is an invaluable tool when you are
16255 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16259 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16262 your document before printing, and you should run it right after the obligatory
16263 spelling check, and before you go fine tuning the typesetting.
16266 \begin_layout Subsection
16270 \begin_layout Standard
16271 If you have the program installed, usage is as simple as choosing
16273 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
16275 \begin_inset space ~
16281 This will make LyX generate a LaTeX file of your document, start
16285 to check it, and then make LyX insert
16286 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16290 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16293 with the warnings from
16297 , if there were any.
16298 The warnings will be placed close to the point of the mistake, and you
16299 can quickly find them by using the
16301 Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
16304 menu item, or the shortcut key
16313 Open the error boxes by clicking on them with the mouse, or use the shortcut
16322 bindings, or the corresponding
16331 Read the warning and correct the mistake, if it is a mistake.
16332 If you have trouble understanding what the warning is about, you can safely
16334 Remember that there is a hidden layer between the document on screen and
16335 the technical details in invoking
16339 , and this gap can make some warnings seem arcane or just right down plain
16343 \begin_layout Standard
16344 This document is an excellent testing bed for the feature, and it should
16345 provide quite a few warnings for you to fiddle with.
16346 Since computers are only so smart, expect most of the warnings to be false
16350 \begin_layout Subsection
16351 How to fine tune it
16354 \begin_layout Standard
16355 Sometimes, you'll find that
16359 makes more noise than suits your mood.
16360 Then you can choose not to use it, wait until your mood changes, or try
16365 to get better along with you.
16366 Another choice in the most desperate situations is to use
16368 View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
16370 \begin_inset space ~
16374 \begin_inset space ~
16378 \begin_inset space ~
16383 , which will get rid of all warnings instantly.
16386 \begin_layout Standard
16395 very configurable and extensible, you shouldn't expect to solve all problems
16401 Since LyX has to generate a somewhat special LaTeX file to be able to match
16402 the line numbers from the
16410 \begin_layout Plain Layout
16411 You can inspect the specific output from
16417 Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
16419 \begin_inset space ~
16423 \begin_inset space ~
16437 to the internal document structure, some of the warnings will not seen
16438 to appear correctly.
16439 There are two things you can do about this:
16442 \begin_layout Itemize
16447 invocation command line in
16463 installation configuration file (usually with the file
16468 See below to learn what warnings can be enabled and disabled on the command
16473 \begin_layout Itemize
16474 Export your document as a raw LaTeX file using
16476 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
16477 Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
16485 Invoked in this way, it can be a hassle to find the corresponding place
16486 in the document inside LyX, but with a little patience, you should be able
16490 \begin_layout Standard
16491 Here follows the warning messages that can be enabled and disabled in
16500 to disable a warning, and
16504 to enable a warning.
16505 The emphasized entries are disabled by default, because the default is
16508 chktex -n1 -n3 -n6 -n9 -n22 -n25 -n30 -n38
16513 \begin_layout Standard
16514 Notice that you should only use the options that enable and disable warnings,
16515 because LyX relies on some of the other command line parameters to be set
16516 in a specific way to have a chance to communicate with
16523 \begin_layout Enumerate
16527 Command terminated with space.
16530 \begin_layout Enumerate
16533 Non-breaking space (
16534 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16542 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16545 ) should have been used.
16548 \begin_layout Enumerate
16552 You should enclose the previous parenthesis with
16553 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16561 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16567 \begin_layout Enumerate
16570 Italic correction (
16571 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16581 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16584 ) found in non-italic buffer.
16587 \begin_layout Enumerate
16590 Italic correction (
16591 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16601 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16604 ) found more than once.
16607 \begin_layout Enumerate
16611 No italic correction (
16612 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16622 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16628 \begin_layout Enumerate
16632 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16640 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16644 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16652 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16658 \begin_layout Enumerate
16661 Wrong length of dash may have been used.
16664 \begin_layout Enumerate
16668 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16676 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16680 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16688 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16694 \begin_layout Enumerate
16698 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16706 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16712 \begin_layout Enumerate
16716 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16724 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16727 to achieve an ellipsis.
16730 \begin_layout Enumerate
16733 Inter-word spacing (
16734 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16744 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16747 ) should perhaps be used.
16750 \begin_layout Enumerate
16753 Inter-sentence spacing (
16754 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16764 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16767 ) should perhaps be used.
16770 \begin_layout Enumerate
16773 Could not find argument for command.
16776 \begin_layout Enumerate
16780 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16788 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16794 \begin_layout Enumerate
16797 Math mode still on at end of LaTeX file.
16800 \begin_layout Enumerate
16804 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16812 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16815 doesn't match the number of
16816 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16824 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16830 \begin_layout Enumerate
16833 You should use either
16836 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16844 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16849 as an alternative to
16850 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16858 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16864 \begin_layout Enumerate
16871 " (ASCII 39) instead of "
16878 \begin_layout Enumerate
16881 User-specified pattern found.
16884 \begin_layout Enumerate
16887 This command might not be intended.
16890 \begin_layout Enumerate
16897 \begin_layout Enumerate
16915 \begin_layout Enumerate
16918 Delete this space to maintain correct page references.
16921 \begin_layout Enumerate
16925 You might wish to put this between a pair of
16926 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16934 \begin_inset Quotes erd
16940 \begin_layout Enumerate
16943 You ought to remove spaces in front of punctuation.
16946 \begin_layout Enumerate
16949 Could not execute LaTeX command.
16952 \begin_layout Enumerate
16961 in front of small punctuation.
16964 \begin_layout Enumerate
16972 may look prettier here.
16975 \begin_layout Enumerate
16979 Multiple spaces detected in output.
16982 \begin_layout Enumerate
16985 This text may be ignored.
16988 \begin_layout Enumerate
16994 \begin_inset Quotes eld
16999 to begin quotation, not
17006 \begin_layout Enumerate
17013 to end quotation, not
17016 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17024 \begin_layout Enumerate
17030 \begin_layout Enumerate
17033 You should perhaps use
17034 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17042 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17048 \begin_layout Enumerate
17051 You should put a space in front of/after parenthesis.
17054 \begin_layout Enumerate
17057 You should avoid spaces in front of/after parenthesis.
17060 \begin_layout Enumerate
17064 You should not use punctuation in front of/after quotes.
17067 \begin_layout Enumerate
17070 Double space found.
17073 \begin_layout Enumerate
17076 You should put punctuation outside inner/inside display math mode.
17079 \begin_layout Enumerate
17082 You ought to not use primitive TeX in LaTeX code.
17085 \begin_layout Enumerate
17088 You should remove spaces in front of
17089 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17097 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17103 \begin_layout Enumerate
17106 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17114 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17117 is normally not followed by
17118 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17126 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17132 \begin_layout Standard
17133 In later versions of LyX, we hope to provide a more complete interface to
17134 this tool (and it's smaller cousin
17138 ) to exploit the full power of it.
17139 But it's not exactly useless as it is now: go try it on one of your existing
17140 documents of a certain length and be surprised.
17143 \begin_layout Section
17144 Version Control in LyX
17147 \begin_layout Standard
17150 Lars Gullik Bjønnes,
17157 \begin_layout Subsection
17161 \begin_layout Standard
17162 A friend of mine wanted to try LyX for a group project.
17163 When he didn't find support for version control or file locking, he dropped
17165 This angered me a bit, so I thought that I should at least make support
17166 for RCS (with the possibility of CVS and/or SCCS as a future improvement.)
17167 This has now been done.
17168 LyX now supports some of the most basic RCS commands.
17169 If you need to something a bit more sophisticated you will have to do that
17170 manually in an xterm.
17173 \begin_layout Standard
17174 Before you begin to use the version control features in LyX, you should
17176 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17180 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17183 (a man file, read it with
17188 This file describes all the basic features of RCS.
17189 You should especially notice the comment about a RCS directory, and the
17190 notion of a master RCS file (the file ending in
17197 \begin_layout Standard
17198 Later basic CVS/SVN support was added.
17199 You should be familiar with CVS/SVN usage before start using it under LyX.
17200 Most of the log messages are not currently displayed after operations -
17201 you can check them in terminal window if unsure.
17204 \begin_layout Standard
17205 The implementation in LyX assumes a recent version of the GNU RCS or CVS/SVN
17206 package—no guarantees are made for older versions.
17209 \begin_layout Standard
17210 For introducing your own external commands consult vc-command in the manual
17214 \begin_layout Subsection
17215 RCS commands in LyX
17218 \begin_layout Standard
17219 The following sections describe the RCS commands supported by LyX.
17220 You can find them in the
17222 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
17224 \begin_inset space ~
17230 LyX was tested against RCS 5.7.
17233 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17239 \begin_layout Standard
17240 If your document is not under revision control, this is the only item shown
17242 And if it is under revision control, the
17246 item is not visible.
17250 \begin_layout Standard
17251 This command registers your document with RCS (unless you are under the
17252 directory managed by CVS)\SpecialChar \@.
17253 You are asked interactively to supply an initial
17254 description of the document.
17255 The document is now set in Read-Only mode and you have to
17258 \begin_inset space ~
17262 \begin_inset space ~
17266 \begin_inset space ~
17271 , before making any changes to it.
17272 A document under revision control has a
17273 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17276 [RCS:<version> <locker>]
17277 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17280 item tagged to the filename in the minibuffer.
17283 \begin_layout Standard
17284 RCS command that is run:
17286 ci -q -u -i -t-"<initial description>" <file-name>
17289 \begin_layout Standard
17294 to understand the switches.
17298 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17304 \begin_layout Standard
17305 When you are finished editing a file, you check in your changes.
17306 When you do this, you are asked for a description of the changes.
17307 This is stored in the history log.
17308 The version number is bumped, your changes are applied to the master RCS
17309 file, the document is unlocked and set to Read-Only mode.
17313 \begin_layout Standard
17316 ci -q -u -m"<description>" <file-name>
17319 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17325 \begin_layout Standard
17326 By doing this you lock the document so that only you can edit it.
17327 This will also make the document Read-Write only for you.
17328 You will usually continue editing for a while and when you are finished
17329 you check in your changes.
17330 The status line is changed to reflect that you have locked the file.
17334 \begin_layout Standard
17337 co -q -l <file-name>
17340 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17343 Revert To Repository Version
17346 \begin_layout Standard
17347 This will discard all changes made to the document since the last check
17349 You get a warning before changes are discarded.
17352 \begin_layout Standard
17355 co -f -u<version> <file-name>
17358 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17364 \begin_layout Standard
17365 This makes as if the last check in never happened.
17366 No changes are made to the document loaded into LyX, but the last version
17367 is removed from the master RCS file.
17371 \begin_layout Standard
17374 rcs -o<version> <file-name>
17377 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17383 \begin_layout Standard
17384 This show the complete history of the RCS document.
17389 is shown in a browser.
17397 \begin_layout Subsection
17398 CVS commands in LyX
17401 \begin_layout Standard
17402 CVS is now partially supported by LyX.
17403 You can find the commands in the
17405 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
17407 \begin_inset space ~
17415 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17421 \begin_layout Standard
17422 If your document is not under revision control, this is the only item shown
17424 And if it is under revision control, the
17431 item is not visible.
17435 \begin_layout Standard
17436 This command registers in CVS your document ONLY in case you have already
17437 the documents directory under CVS control (in particular
17442 This means you have to checkout the archive by yourself.
17446 \begin_layout Standard
17447 Then you are asked interactively to supply an initial description of the
17449 Don't forget that registered file is not yet commited.
17452 \begin_layout Standard
17453 CVS command that is run:
17456 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17460 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17464 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17470 \begin_layout Standard
17475 to understand the switches.
17479 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17485 \begin_layout Standard
17486 When you are finished editing a file, you commit your changes.
17487 When you do this, you are asked for a description of the changes.
17488 After that changes are commited.
17491 \begin_layout Standard
17494 cvs -q commit -m"<description>" "<file-name>"
17497 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17500 Revert To Repository Version
17503 \begin_layout Standard
17504 This will discard all changes made to the document since the last check
17506 You get a warning before changes are discarded.
17507 Firstly the file is deleted, secondly CVS update command is run.
17510 \begin_layout Standard
17514 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17518 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17524 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17530 \begin_layout Standard
17531 This show the complete history of the CVS document.
17535 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17539 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17544 is shown in a browser.
17547 \begin_layout Subsection
17548 SVN commands in LyX
17551 \begin_layout Standard
17552 SVN is now partially supported by LyX.
17553 You can find the commands in the
17555 File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
17557 \begin_inset space ~
17563 Please note that if you use password protected access to repository via
17564 ssh, you will be asked in terminal window.
17565 LyX was tested against SVN 1.4 and 1.5.
17568 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17574 \begin_layout Standard
17575 If your document is not under revision control, this is the only item shown
17577 And if it is under revision control, the
17584 item is not visible.
17588 \begin_layout Standard
17589 This command registers in SVN your document ONLY in case you have already
17590 the documents directory under SVN control (in particular
17595 This means you have to checkout the archive by yourself.
17599 \begin_layout Standard
17600 Then you are asked interactively to supply an initial description of the
17602 Don't forget that registered file is not yet commited.
17605 \begin_layout Standard
17606 SVN command that is run:
17609 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17613 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17619 \begin_layout Standard
17624 to understand the switches.
17628 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17634 \begin_layout Standard
17635 When you are finished editing a file, you commit your changes.
17636 When you do this, you are asked for a description of the changes.
17637 After that changes are commited.
17640 \begin_layout Standard
17645 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17646 In case locking is not enabled.
17648 \begin_inset CommandInset ref
17650 reference "subsec:SVN-File-Locking"
17661 svn commit -q -m"<description>" <file-name>
17664 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17670 \begin_layout Standard
17671 Updates the changes of this file from the repository.
17672 Be sure you understand SVN merging and conflicts resolving before using
17673 this function, because all conflicts has to be done manually by you!
17676 \begin_layout Standard
17681 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17690 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17694 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17700 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17703 Revert To Repository Version
17706 \begin_layout Standard
17707 This will discard all changes made to the document since the last check
17709 You get a warning before changes are discarded.
17713 \begin_layout Standard
17717 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17721 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17727 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17733 \begin_layout Standard
17734 This show the complete history of the SVN document.
17738 \begin_inset Quotes eld
17742 \begin_inset Quotes erd
17747 is shown in a browser.
17750 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17752 \begin_inset CommandInset label
17754 name "subsec:SVN-File-Locking"
17761 \begin_layout Standard
17762 The file exchange through various revision control systems brings the problem
17763 of merge conflicts in case two different users try to edit the same (parts
17765 When such conflict happens it needs manual resolving and one reasonable
17766 alternative is to provide some kind of locking mechanism, which guarantees
17767 that only one user is allowed to edit file at the given time.
17770 \begin_layout Standard
17771 SVN has two mechanisms to provide such kind of mutual exclusivity for file
17772 access - locks and automatical setting of write permissions based on
17773 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
17776 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17786 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17787 http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.2/svn.advanced.locking.html
17793 In a case this property is detected for a given document LyX starts to
17794 use SVN locks for document editing automatically and the whole check-in/out
17795 mechanism switches to the same regimen as for RCS.
17796 This in particular means there are two different modes how file is used
17800 \begin_layout Itemize
17802 The loaded file is in the read-only mode.
17803 For editation on needs to check-out.
17808 consists of update from repository and gaining write lock.
17809 If the lock is not possible to obtain, we remain in unlocked state.
17812 \begin_layout Itemize
17814 The loaded file is in the 'normal' edit mode.
17815 No other user is allowed to edit the file.
17820 consists of commiting changes and releasing write-lock.
17821 If no changes have been made to the document, no commit will be produced
17825 \begin_layout Plain Layout
17826 Don't be puzzled by the fact that you will be asked for commit message anyway.
17831 and only the write-lock will be released.
17834 \begin_layout Standard
17838 \begin_layout Labeling
17839 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
17842 svn commit -q -m"<description>" "<file-name>"
17843 \begin_inset Newline newline
17846 svn unlock "<file-name>"
17849 \begin_layout Labeling
17850 \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
17853 svn update "<file-name>"
17854 \begin_inset Newline newline
17857 svn lock "<file-name>"
17860 \begin_layout Subsection
17861 SVN and Windows Environment
17864 \begin_layout Quote
17865 My inclination is to say that if the user cannot figure out the command
17866 line operations on their own fairly quickly, they would be well advised
17867 to use TortoiseSVN.
17873 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17877 \begin_layout Standard
17878 In addition to installing LyX, and having access to a Subversion repository,
17879 the user will need to install the Subversion client program.
17880 A Windows installer for the client program is available from
17881 \begin_inset CommandInset href
17884 target "http://www.collab.net/nonav/downloads/subversion/"
17889 The user may also want to install
17890 \begin_inset CommandInset href
17893 target "http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/"
17897 , which integrates Subversion operations into the context (rightclick) menu
17898 of Windows Explorer.
17899 Operations done outside LyX will typically be more convenient using the
17900 Explorer context menu.
17901 Note that TortoiseSVN is not a replacement for the client program, which
17902 is what LyX itself will use.
17905 \begin_layout Subsubsection
17906 Bringing a document under Subversion control
17909 \begin_layout Standard
17910 Before a LyX document can be brought under version control in Subversion,
17911 its parent directory needs to be under version control.
17912 If the document is being added to a project already in the repository,
17913 this is accomplished by checking the project out to the directory where
17914 the new document will be placed.
17915 If the project itself is not yet under version control (for instance, if
17916 this document starts a new project), the directory must be imported into
17918 This is done outside LyX.
17919 Both import and checkout are easily accomplished from the Explorer context
17920 menu using TortoiseSVN, or alternatively can be done using the command
17921 line client at a DOS prompt.
17922 The procedure for importing the project using TortoiseSVN is described
17923 below, assuming an existing repository and a new project being started
17931 For information on using the Subversion client program, run
17938 \begin_layout Enumerate
17945 in Windows Explorer, right click it, and select
17947 TortoiseSVN > Repo-browser
17950 If necessary, adjust the URL for the repository, then click OK.
17953 \begin_layout Enumerate
17954 Right click the level of the repository under which you want to place the
17955 new project folder (typically the top level) and click
17957 Create folder\SpecialChar \ldots{}
17960 Supply a name for the project folder and click OK.
17961 Add a message for the log file if desired, then click OK again.
17962 The new project folder should appear in the repository.
17963 Finally, click OK again to exit the repository browser.
17966 \begin_layout Enumerate
17967 Once again right click
17973 , this time selecting SVN Checkout\SpecialChar \ldots{}
17974 Select the URL of the project folder
17975 you just created in the repository, and set the checkout directory to
17983 You will be warned about a non-empty folder; click OK to proceed.
17984 You should now have a
17995 \begin_layout Enumerate
17996 Create or open your document in LyX and click
18001 ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
18007 \begin_inset space ~
18010 Control\SpecialChar \menuseparator
18018 Add a log message and click OK to commit the document to version control.
18021 \begin_layout Standard
18022 From this point onward, you should have full functionality in the
18027 ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
18033 \begin_inset space ~
18039 You also have the option of checking the document in and out, viewing its
18041 using the TortoiseSVN context menu in Windows Explorer or the Subversion
18042 client program from a command prompt.
18045 \begin_layout Subsection
18049 \begin_layout Standard
18050 With the recent addition of the vc-command function LyX power users are
18051 allowed to create their own commands for revision control.
18054 \begin_layout Standard
18055 As an example you can see how two TortoiseSVN commands could be integrated
18059 \begin_layout Description
18061 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
18064 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18065 vc-command DR "." "TortoiseProc /command:commit /path:$$p"
18073 \begin_layout Description
18075 \begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
18078 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18079 vc-command DR "." "TortoiseProc /command:revert /path:$$p"
18087 \begin_layout Section
18088 Literate Programming
18091 \begin_layout Standard
18096 (kayvan@sylvan.com)
18100 original documentation written by
18102 Edmar Wienskoski Jr.
18105 (edmar-w-jr@technologist.com)
18108 \begin_layout Subsection
18112 \begin_layout Standard
18113 The main purpose of this documentation is to show you how to use LyX for
18114 literate programming.
18115 Where it is assumed that you are familiar with this programming technique,
18117 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18121 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18125 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18129 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18133 If that is not the case, please follow the web links provided in the following
18135 There is a lot of good documentation out there covering old development
18136 history to the latest tools tips.
18139 \begin_layout Standard
18140 It is also assumed that you are familiar with LyX itself to a point that
18141 you are comfortable changing your LyX preferences, and X resources file.
18142 If that is not the case please refer to other LyX documentation to cover
18143 your specific needs.
18146 \begin_layout Subsection
18147 Literate Programming
18150 \begin_layout Standard
18151 From the Literate Programming FAQ:
18154 \begin_layout Quotation
18155 Literate programming is the combination of documentation and source together
18156 in a fashion suited for reading by human beings.
18157 In fact, literate programs should be enjoyable reading, even inviting!
18158 (Sorry Bob, I couldn't resist!) In general, literate programs combine source
18159 and documentation in a single file.
18160 Literate programming tools then parse the file to produce either readable
18161 documentation or compilable source.
18162 The WEB style of literate programming was created by D.
18163 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
18167 Knuth during the development of his TeX typesetting software.
18171 \begin_layout Standard
18172 Another excerpt says:
18175 \begin_layout Quotation
18178 How is literate programming different from verbose commenting?
18181 \begin_layout Quotation
18182 There are three distinguishing characteristics.
18183 In order of importance, they are:
18187 \begin_layout Itemize
18188 flexible order of elaboration
18191 \begin_layout Itemize
18192 automatic support for browsing
18195 \begin_layout Itemize
18196 typeset documentation, especially diagrams and mathematics
18200 \begin_layout Standard
18201 Now that I sparked your curiosity, take a look in the references.
18204 \begin_layout Subsubsection
18208 \begin_layout Standard
18209 The complete Literate Programming FAQ can be found at:
18212 \begin_layout Quote
18213 Literate Programming FAQ
18214 \begin_inset Flex URL
18217 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18219 http://shelob.ce.ttu.edu/daves/lpfaq/faq.html
18227 \begin_layout Standard
18228 The FAQ lists 23 (twenty three!) different literate programming tools.
18229 Where some are specialized or
18230 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18234 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18237 for particular programming languages, while other have general scope.
18242 for my own use for several reasons:
18245 \begin_layout Itemize
18246 It can generate the documentation either in LaTeX or HTML.
18249 \begin_layout Itemize
18250 It has a open architecture, i.
18251 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
18255 \begin_inset space \space{}
18258 it is easy to plug in new filters and to perform special processing that
18263 \begin_layout Itemize
18264 There is a good selection of filters available already (the HTML is one
18268 \begin_layout Itemize
18272 \begin_layout Standard
18273 The Noweb web page can be found at:
18276 \begin_layout Quote
18278 \begin_inset Flex URL
18281 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18283 http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~nr/noweb/
18291 \begin_layout Standard
18292 Starting from there you can reach many other interesting links and even
18293 some literate program examples.
18296 \begin_layout Subsection
18297 LyX and Literate Programming
18300 \begin_layout Standard
18301 The LyX support for Literate Programming is provided by using the generic
18302 LyX converters mechanism.
18303 This support is provided in a
18304 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18308 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18312 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
18316 \begin_inset space \space{}
18319 you will be able to use this new LyX feature with some other literate programmin
18320 g tool of your choice by just changing your LyX preferences.
18323 \begin_layout Subsubsection
18324 Generating documents and code (weaving and tangling)
18327 \begin_layout Paragraph
18328 Selecting the document class
18331 \begin_layout Standard
18332 If you have installed Noweb and LyX successfully, whenever you open a new
18333 document or try to change the document class of an existing one, you will
18334 find that there are three new document classes available:
18337 \begin_layout Itemize
18341 \begin_layout Itemize
18345 \begin_layout Itemize
18349 \begin_layout Standard
18350 You must select one of them to create your literate documents from.
18354 \begin_layout Standard
18355 Note that literate documents are not limited to these three classes.
18356 New classes can be generated from other styles like letter or in combination
18357 with other class variations like Article (AMS).
18358 If you have special needs that cannot be covered by one of the existing
18359 classes, let the LyX developers list (lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org) know and we
18360 will arrange to insert a new entry, or teach you how to do it.
18364 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18365 It is very simple, it involves the creation of a file with four lines, and
18366 re-running of the auto configuration.
18371 Moreover, if you use a literate tool other than Noweb you may need to create
18372 a new set of document classes for it.
18375 \begin_layout Paragraph
18379 \begin_layout Standard
18380 LyX enables you to write code with a layout named
18388 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18389 The equivalent Noweb term is
18390 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18394 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18398 For historical reasons, I got used to the term
18399 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18403 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18406 introduced by other literate tool named Nuweb, which I used for many years
18407 before rendering myself to Noweb.
18412 Noweb delimits scraps like this:
18415 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18419 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18423 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18427 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18431 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18435 \begin_layout Standard
18436 The problem is that whatever is written in between the << and the
18440 must be taken literally, i.
18441 \begin_inset space \thinspace{}
18445 \begin_inset space \space{}
18448 LyX should be prevented from making any special interpretation of what has
18450 This is handled by a special layout named Scrap, that works like a normal
18451 paragraph but has a free spacing capability.
18454 \begin_layout Standard
18455 The down side of the Scrap paragraph layout is that consecutive paragraphs
18456 of code will be spaced with one empty line in the source code and also
18457 in the printed documentation.
18458 The work around is to enter each line of code within a single Scrap, with
18459 a newline (ctrl-return).
18460 The example above will look like this:
18464 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18465 If you have a printed version of this document you will not see any difference
18466 between the previous example and this one.
18474 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18476 \begin_inset Newline newline
18480 \begin_inset Newline newline
18484 \begin_inset Newline newline
18488 \begin_inset Newline newline
18494 \begin_layout Standard
18495 This layout works fine.
18496 The only real inconvenience is that you have to type ctrl-return instead
18501 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18502 It is in my list of
18503 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18507 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18518 \begin_layout Standard
18519 As a special note, you can also use the
18520 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18524 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18527 construct of Noweb in your scraps to add items to Noweb's identifier cross-refe
18531 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18533 \begin_inset Newline newline
18536 def some_function(args):
18537 \begin_inset Newline newline
18540 "This is the doc string for this function."
18541 \begin_inset Newline newline
18544 print "My args: ", args
18547 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18548 @ %def some_function
18551 \begin_layout Standard
18552 For an example of this usage and the resulting cross-reference output, look
18553 at the Literate python program in
18555 LIBDIR/examples/listerrors.lyx
18557 which should make this all clear.
18560 \begin_layout Paragraph
18561 Generating the documentation
18564 \begin_layout Standard
18565 At this point you already have a new document file with a proper document
18566 class, and with some code and text on it.
18567 How do I print it? The answer is simple, you select
18569 View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
18573 Just like you would do for a plain document.
18574 No special procedure is required.
18577 \begin_layout Standard
18578 To help orientate you, I will now explain what happens inside LyX:
18581 \begin_layout Enumerate
18584 Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
18587 menu option is chosen, a LaTeX file is generated.
18592 \begin_layout Standard
18593 If the document is of any literate class the generated file will be named
18594 with an extension name defined by the
18595 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18599 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18602 format (defined in the Preferences panel), otherwise the file will have
18611 \begin_layout Enumerate
18612 Note that the only difference so far is in the name of the file, no special
18613 processing is required by LyX.
18614 Given that you formatted the code using the Scrap layout that, by itself,
18615 takes care of the business.
18618 \begin_layout Enumerate
18619 If the document is of any literate class LyX will then use the internal
18620 LyX to Noweb converter, followed by the Noweb to LaTeX converter
18624 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18625 The converters are defined in the
18627 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
18631 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18635 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18647 manual for general information about converters.
18652 to generate the LaTeX file.
18656 \begin_layout Standard
18657 Otherwise it will just skip this step.
18661 \begin_layout Enumerate
18662 Finally, LaTeX is invoked and the regular post processing continues as in
18666 \begin_layout Standard
18667 Independence from a particular
18668 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18672 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18675 is easily achieved by changing the commands that are run by the various
18679 \begin_layout Paragraph
18680 Generating the code
18683 \begin_layout Standard
18684 When the build menu option is chosen or the corresponding button in the
18685 toolbar is pressed, a LaTeX file is generated just like step 1 above.
18686 Next, LyX invokes the
18691 This converter needs to be defined by the user and is not installed by
18692 default, though the Program format is.
18693 This converter (like any other converter) will have two parts:
18696 \begin_layout Enumerate
18697 The converter program itself.
18698 This program performs the conversion from the one format to the other (in
18699 this case, from the Noweb format to the Program pseudo-format).
18702 \begin_layout Enumerate
18703 The error log parser.
18704 This is a program whose sole purpose is to rewrite error messages in a
18705 format that LyX understands.
18706 This makes it possible for LyX to place error boxes in the right places
18707 in the file buffer.
18710 \begin_layout Standard
18711 The first part, the
18712 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18716 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18719 setting, should be set to
18720 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18728 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18732 This basically means that LyX will call
18733 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18737 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18740 (a program or script) with the name of the Noweb file (normally a file
18741 in the LyX temp directory).
18745 \begin_layout Standard
18746 This is an implementation of
18747 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18751 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18754 that you can place in a directory on your path:
18757 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18761 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18765 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18766 notangle -Rbuild-script $1 | env NOWEB_SOURCE=$1 sh
18769 \begin_layout Standard
18770 The next part of the converter setting is the
18771 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18775 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18778 which is to be set to
18779 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18784 parselog=listerrors
18787 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18791 This will run any errors that are generated by the
18792 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18796 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18799 process through the
18800 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18804 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18810 \begin_layout Standard
18811 The converter code looks in
18819 then on the path for the
18820 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18824 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18830 \begin_layout Standard
18831 The build will normally take place in LyX's temporary directory, so the
18832 files produced by the conversion will be in that directory.
18833 LyX will copy out what it regards as the `main' file, but the
18837 conversion may produce several files, and so most of these would then be
18838 deleted when LyX was closed.
18839 The present solution is to use a `copier',
18843 \begin_layout Plain Layout
18852 manual for information on these.
18861 script in its default mode, so that the entire contents of the temporary
18862 directory is copied.
18863 More will get copied than is needed, to be sure, but nothing will be lost.
18864 If, however, you know what extensions the generated files will have, this
18865 can be improved by using the
18874 This option takes a comma-separated list of extensions to copy.
18875 So, for example, if the conversion will generate only files with the extensions
18884 , then the correct definition would be:
18887 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18888 python -tt $$s/scripts/ext_copy.py -e c,h $$i $$o
18891 \begin_layout Standard
18892 The result will be that only files with these two extensions will be copied
18896 \begin_layout Paragraph
18897 Build instructions in the document
18900 \begin_layout Standard
18901 The last piece of the integration between LyX and noweb is the
18902 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18906 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18910 Generally, the instructions for building your program should be embedded
18911 in a scrap of its own.
18913 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18917 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18920 above uses the notangle command to look for this scrap (called
18921 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18925 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18928 ) and runs its contents through
18929 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18933 \begin_inset Quotes erd
18939 \begin_layout Standard
18940 Typically, such a scrap would look something like this:
18943 \begin_layout LyX-Code
18945 \begin_inset Newline newline
18949 \begin_inset Newline newline
18953 \begin_inset Newline newline
18956 if [ -z "${NOWEB_SOURCE}" ]
18957 \begin_inset Newline newline
18961 \begin_inset Newline newline
18964 NOWEB_SOURCE=myfile.nw
18965 \begin_inset Newline newline
18969 \begin_inset Newline newline
18973 code to extract files ...]
18974 \begin_inset Newline newline
18978 code to compile files ...]
18979 \begin_inset Newline newline
18985 \begin_layout Standard
18988 LIBDIR/examples/listerrors.lyx
18992 LIBDIR/examples/Literate.lyx
18994 which implement two versions of the
18995 \begin_inset Quotes eld
18999 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19002 program for some illustrations of how all of these pieces go together or
19005 LIBDIR/examples/noweb2lyx.lyx.
19008 Interestingly, these three files show off the language-indepence of the
19009 LyX literate programming support since they are written in Python, C and
19013 \begin_layout Subsubsection
19017 \begin_layout Standard
19018 All the Literate Programming support is configured by the
19020 Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
19024 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19028 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19032 The important parts are:
19035 \begin_layout Description
19037 \begin_inset space ~
19041 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19045 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19049 \begin_inset space ~
19052 format Set up via the Formats tab, this is where the Noweb-specific pieces
19062 , the file extension is set to
19067 This tells LyX to create a file with a
19071 extension in the first step of the conversion process.
19074 \begin_layout Description
19076 \begin_inset space ~
19084 \begin_inset space ~
19087 format This is an empty format whose sole purpose is to be the endpoint
19088 of a conversion (which then allows us to set up a converter for it).
19091 \begin_layout Description
19100 This converter performs the
19101 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19105 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19108 of the literate document.
19109 For Noweb, it is set to
19110 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19115 noweave -delay -index $$i > $$o
19118 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19124 \begin_layout Description
19134 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19138 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19142 As stated above, the Converter is set to
19143 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19151 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19154 , with Flags set to
19155 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19160 originaldir,parselog=listerrors
19163 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19169 \begin_layout Subsubsection
19173 \begin_layout Standard
19174 There is also a new function implemented in the LyX server, the
19175 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19178 server-goto-file-row" function, to be used with ddd/gdb or other debugger.
19182 \begin_layout Standard
19183 When debugging code with ddd/gdb, it is possible to invoke a text editor
19184 at the current execution position with a single key stroke.
19185 The default ddd configuration for that is shift-ctrl-V.
19186 It happens that you can define the editor command line invocation in ddd
19189 Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
19190 Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
19193 dialog and changing the "Edit Sources" entry.
19196 \begin_layout Standard
19197 I take advantage of the new created LyX server function and this ddd feature,
19199 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19203 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19209 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19210 echo "LYXCMD:monitor:server-goto-file-row:@FILE@ @LINE@" >~/.lyxpipe.in
19213 \begin_layout Standard
19214 With this, whenever you are using ddd and find a point in the program that
19215 you want to edit, you just press shift-ctrl-V (in the ddd window), and
19216 ddd you forward this information to LyX through the LyX server and then
19217 the LyX window will show the same file with the cursor at the same position
19218 ddd was pointing to.
19219 No more guessing or long scrolling to locate a point in the program back
19223 \begin_layout Standard
19224 Note however that you must enable the LyX server to get this feature working
19225 (it is disabled by default).
19226 You can enable it in
19238 ) by entering in the
19243 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19248 /home/<your-home-directory>/.lyx/lyxpipe
19251 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19257 \begin_layout Standard
19258 Read the LyX server documentation in the
19260 Customization Manual
19262 for further information.
19265 \begin_layout Subsubsection
19269 \begin_layout Standard
19270 There are six new buttons that can be added to your LyX toolbar.
19271 Five of these buttons are short cuts to layout styles:
19292 The last one is a short cut to the
19293 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19297 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19304 \begin_layout Standard
19305 LyX has a range of buttons that are available for tool bar customization.
19306 In my toolbar I like to combine the six short cuts above with two more:
19311 \SpecialChar \menuseparator
19316 \SpecialChar \menuseparator
19323 View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
19327 Here is how it looks like:
19330 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19334 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19338 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19339 Icon "layout Standard"
19342 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19343 Icon "layout Section"
19346 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19347 Icon "layout LaTeX"
19350 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19351 Icon "layout LyX-Code"
19354 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19355 Icon "layout Scrap"
19358 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19362 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19366 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19367 Icon "buffer-typeset"
19370 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19371 Icon "build-program"
19374 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19378 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19382 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19386 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19390 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19394 \begin_layout Subsubsection
19395 Colors customization
19398 \begin_layout Standard
19399 There are a number of colors in LyX that can be customized in
19404 One of the things that bothers people is the LaTeX font color.
19405 The default color is red, since the scraps uses LaTeX font, and there is
19406 a lot of scraps in literate documents, you may get tired of seeing everything
19408 You can change it by going to the tabs
19417 \begin_layout Standard
19418 The next thing is the visible presence of the newline character in the screen.
19419 You can choose the color of this particular character and make it blend
19421 I recommend you choosing a color that is close to the background but not
19422 equal, that way you still can see it is there, but it is not bothering
19427 \begin_layout Chapter
19428 Secrets of the LaTeX Masters
19429 \begin_inset CommandInset label
19438 \begin_layout Standard
19439 Though LyX is a powerful tool, it cannot hope to support everything that
19440 can be done with pure TeX/LaTeX.
19441 However, many familiar dirty TeX and LaTeX tricks can be done within LyX,
19442 as long as you are not afraid to use that
19443 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19447 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19450 button on the toolbar or add things to the LaTeX preamble.
19451 This section lists some tips, tricks, and otherwise cool ideas to give
19452 your document that extra little flair.
19455 Do try this at home
19457 , just start with something a little smaller and less important than your
19461 \begin_layout Standard
19462 Most ideas in this section require less common files in your LaTeX installation.
19463 If you have a system like teTeX, most will already be available.
19464 A few, however, will need to be downloaded from one of the CTAN archives.
19465 Often, there are several ways to do something, or several LaTeX style files
19466 which do the same thing.
19467 We do not endorse one choice over another, we simply claim that we have
19468 done a particular task with a particular file.
19469 Put on your wizard hat, keep an eye out for dragons, and let us begin.
19472 \begin_layout Section
19476 \begin_layout Standard
19479 Lars Gullik Bjønnes
19482 \begin_layout Subsection
19486 \begin_layout Standard
19487 The aim for this chapter
19491 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19492 Editor's note: Lars' original chapter was a masterful description of how
19498 However, it was too long to flow smoothly in this document.
19499 I have therefore chosen to excerpt the most important sections here (sorry,
19500 Lars); you can read the original chapter (and more of the story!) in the
19503 examples/multicol.lyx
19511 is to show how the LaTeX package
19515 can be used in a LyX document.
19516 As LyX doesn't support the
19520 package natively yet, we have to use some small hacks.
19521 By reading this section it should be obvious how to do this.
19524 \begin_layout Subsection
19528 \begin_layout Standard
19533 package allows switching between one and multicolumn format on the same
19535 Footnotes are handled correctly (for the most part), but will be placed
19536 at the bottom of the page and not under each column.
19537 LaTeX's float mechanism, however, is partly disabled in the current implementat
19539 At the moment only page-wide floats can be used within the scope of the
19543 \begin_layout Subsection
19547 \begin_layout Subsubsection
19551 \begin_layout Standard
19552 If you want to have two columns in your text, you have use LaTeX mode to
19557 begin{multicols}{2}
19559 at the point where you want the two column layout to start, and then
19565 where you want it to end.
19569 \begin_layout Standard
19573 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19577 begin{multicols}{2}
19585 \begin_layout Standard
19590 The Adventure of the Empty House
19593 \begin_inset Newline newline
19598 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
19601 \begin_layout Standard
19604 It was in the spring of the year 1894 that all London was interested, and
19605 the fashionable world dismayed, by the murder of the Honourable Ronald
19606 Adair under most unusual and inexplicable circumstances.
19607 The public has already learned those particulars of the crime which came
19608 out in the police investigation, but a good deal was suppressed upon that
19609 occasion, since the case for the prosecution was so overwhelmingly strong
19610 that it was not necessary to bring forward all the facts.
19611 Only now, at the end of nearly ten years, am I allowed to supply those
19612 missing links which make up the whole of that remarkable chain.
19613 The crime was of interest in itself, but that interest was as nothing to
19614 me compared to the inconceivable sequel, which afforded me the greatest
19615 shock and surprise of any event in my adventurous life.
19616 Even now, after this long interval, I find myself thrilling as I think
19617 of it, and feeling once more that sudden flood of joy, amazement, and increduli
19618 ty which utterly submerged my mind.
19619 Let me say to that public, which has shown some interest in those glimpses
19620 which I have occasionally given them of the thoughts and actions of a very
19621 remarkable man, that they are not to blame me if I have not shared my knowledge
19622 with them, for I should have considered it my first duty to do so, had
19623 I not been barred by a positive prohibition from his own lips, which was
19624 only withdrawn upon the third of last month.
19627 \begin_layout Standard
19631 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19643 \begin_layout Subsubsection
19647 \begin_layout Standard
19648 The same pattern is used when you want more than two columns:
19651 \begin_layout Standard
19655 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19659 begin{multicols}{3}
19667 \begin_layout Standard
19670 It can be imagined that my close intimacy with Sherlock Holmes had interested
19671 me deeply in crime, and that after his disappearance I never failed to
19672 read with care the various problems which came before the public.
19673 And I even attempted, more than once, for my own private satisfaction,
19674 to employ his methods in their solution, though with indifferent success.
19675 There was none, however, which appealed to me like this tragedy of Ronald
19677 As I read the evidence at the inquest, which led up to a verdict of willful
19678 murder against some person or persons unknown, I realized more clearly
19679 than I had ever done the loss which the community had sustained by the
19680 death of Sherlock Holmes.
19681 There were points about this strange business which would, I was sure,
19682 have specially appealed to him, and the efforts of the police would have
19683 been supplemented, or more probably anticipated, by the trained observation
19684 and the alert mind of the first criminal agent in Europe.
19685 All day, as I drove upon my round, I turned over the case in my mind and
19686 found no explanation which appeared to me to be adequate.
19687 At the risk of telling a twice-told tale, I will recapitulate the facts
19688 as they were known to the public at the conclusion of the inquest.
19691 \begin_layout Standard
19695 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19707 \begin_layout Standard
19708 You can have more than 3 columns if you want to, but that might not be very
19709 pleasant for the eye.
19712 \begin_layout Subsubsection
19713 Columns inside columns
19716 \begin_layout Standard
19717 You can even have columns inside columns:
19720 \begin_layout Standard
19724 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19728 begin{multicols}{2}
19736 \begin_layout Standard
19739 The Honourable Ronald Adair was the second son of the Earl of Maynooth,
19740 at that time governor of one of the Australian colonies.
19741 Adair's mother had returned from Australia to undergo the operation for
19742 cataract, and she, her son Ronald, and her daughter Hilda were living together
19746 \begin_layout Standard
19750 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19754 begin{multicols}{2}
19762 \begin_layout Standard
19765 The youth moved in the best society–had, so far as was known, no enemies
19766 and no particular vices.
19767 He had been engaged to Miss Edith Woodley, of Carstairs, but the engagement
19768 had been broken off by mutual consent some months before, and there was
19769 no sign that it had left any very profound feeling behind it.
19770 For the rest {sic} the man's life moved in a narrow and conventional circle,
19771 for his habits were quiet and his nature unemotional.
19772 Yet it was upon this easy-going young aristocrat that death came, in most
19773 strange and unexpected form, between the hours of ten and eleven-twenty
19774 on the night of March 30, 1894.
19777 \begin_layout Standard
19781 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19793 \begin_layout Standard
19796 Ronald Adair was fond of cards–playing continually, but never for such stakes
19798 He was a member of the Baldwin, the Cavendish, and the Bagatelle card clubs.
19799 It was shown that, after dinner on the day of his death, he had played
19800 a rubber of whist at the latter club.
19801 He had also played there in the afternoon.
19806 The evidence of those who had played with him– Mr.
19807 Murray, Sir John Hardy, and Colonel Moran–showed that the game was whist,
19808 and that there was a fairly equal fall of the cards.
19809 Adair might have lost five pounds, but not more.
19810 His fortune was a considerable one, and such a loss could not in any way
19812 He had played nearly every day at one club or other, but he was a cautious
19813 player, and usually rose a winner.
19814 It came out in evidence that, in partnership with Colonel Moran, he had
19815 actually won as much as four hundred and twenty pounds in a sitting, some
19816 weeks before, from Godfrey Milner and Lord Balmoral.
19817 So much for his recent history as it came out at the inquest.
19820 \begin_layout Standard
19824 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19836 \begin_layout Standard
19837 Please do read the file
19839 examples/multicol.lyx
19841 for more advanced examples including column and header spacing, vertical
19842 separator lines, and more.
19845 \begin_layout Section
19850 Paragraph Environment
19851 \begin_inset OptArg
19854 \begin_layout Plain Layout
19855 Numbering in Enumerate
19863 \begin_layout Standard
19869 \begin_layout Standard
19870 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
19876 \begin_layout Standard
19878 The default numbering for the
19882 paragraph environment begins with Arabic numbers and ends with uppercase
19884 Suppose, however, you wanted a different type of numbering scheme.
19885 Here's a quickie example of how to change the numbering scheme:
19888 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19898 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19908 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19918 \begin_layout LyX-Code
19928 \begin_layout Standard
19929 \SpecialChar \ldots{}
19930 which changes the numbering scheme to uppercase Roman numerals, uppercase
19931 letters, Arabic numbers, and lowercase letter.
19934 \begin_layout Standard
19935 Additionally, the previous example also adds a little bit extra to the numbering
19937 For example, the first level label actually looks like:
19938 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19942 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19946 For ease of reading, we'll describe what the numbering schemes look like
19947 using a notation something like this: <
19948 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19952 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19956 \begin_inset space ~
19960 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19964 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19968 \begin_inset space ~
19972 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19976 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19980 \begin_inset space ~
19984 \begin_inset Quotes eld
19988 \begin_inset Quotes erd
19995 \begin_layout Standard
19996 As you can see in the example, there is a label command for each nesting
20003 \SpecialChar \ldots{}
20010 , as well as a counter,
20014 \SpecialChar \ldots{}
20020 There are also five
20021 \begin_inset Quotes eld
20025 \begin_inset Quotes erd
20058 , each of which take one counter as an argument.
20059 You can add characters before or after these, but there's no need to add
20063 \begin_layout Standard
20064 You can get really fancy with these.
20068 \begin_layout LyX-Code
20082 \begin_layout LyX-Code
20094 \begin_layout LyX-Code
20104 \begin_layout LyX-Code
20114 \begin_layout Standard
20115 produces the somewhat out of hand numbering scheme: <
20116 \begin_inset Quotes eld
20120 \begin_inset Quotes erd
20124 \begin_inset space ~
20128 \begin_inset Quotes erd
20132 \begin_inset Quotes erd
20136 \begin_inset space ~
20140 \begin_inset Quotes erd
20144 \begin_inset Quotes erd
20148 \begin_inset space ~
20152 \begin_inset Quotes eld
20156 \begin_inset Quotes erd
20163 \begin_layout Standard
20167 \begin_layout Section
20171 \begin_layout Standard
20177 \begin_layout Standard
20178 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
20184 \begin_layout Standard
20189 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20195 tmpfont}{cmr17 scaled 2500}{
20207 \begin_layout Standard
20212 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20223 hose of you who like the style of old books probably also like
20224 \begin_inset Quotes eld
20228 \begin_inset Quotes erd
20231 —those large capital letters which begin each new chapter or section.
20232 Implementing them with plain LyX/LaTeX is straightforward (assuming you
20233 know some plain TeX!) but does require a lot of work and many iterations,
20234 as you can see by all the ugly TeX-mode stuff at the beginning of this
20238 \begin_layout Standard
20242 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20248 bigdrop{-1em}{3}{ptmri}{T}+
20253 here is a much easier way of doing this, of course.
20262 ) package from CTAN allows a simple way to add such letters to your documents.
20263 Since this package is not a standard part of teTeX, I can't demonstrate
20264 it within this document, but if you copy this paragraph to a new document,
20266 \begin_inset Quotes eld
20276 \begin_inset Quotes erd
20279 and the pluses from the TeX code at the beginning of the paragraph, and
20284 usepackage{dropcaps}
20286 to your LaTeX preamble, you will get a nice Times Roman Italic
20287 \begin_inset Quotes eld
20291 \begin_inset Quotes erd
20294 , whose height is three lines of text and which protrudes 1 em into the
20296 (Make certain you have copied
20297 \begin_inset Quotes eld
20305 \begin_inset Quotes erd
20308 into a directory where TeX can see it.) The first argument is the amount
20309 of indentation; in this case the negative sign moves it into the margin.
20310 The second argument is the height of the letter in number of lines of text.
20311 The third argument is the font name: virtually anything which has a tfm
20312 file should work (wade through the
20314 .../texmf/fonts/tfm
20316 directory for possibilities).
20317 My personal favorite is
20318 \begin_inset Quotes eld
20326 \begin_inset Quotes erd
20329 , a fancy German font specifically designed for dropped capitals.
20330 The fourth argument is the letter (or letters) to be dropped.
20335 package also offers the
20341 command, as well as a slightly simplified
20350 \begin_layout Section
20351 Non-standard Paragraph Shapes
20354 \begin_layout Standard
20360 \begin_layout Standard
20361 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
20367 \begin_layout Standard
20371 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20383 \begin_layout Standard
20387 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20396 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20410 \begin_layout Standard
20415 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20426 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20435 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20444 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20453 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20462 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20471 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20480 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20489 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20498 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20507 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20516 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20525 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20534 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20543 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20552 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20561 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20570 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20579 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20588 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20594 There are times when the tyranny of rectangular paragraphs must be overthrown.
20595 In such situations, a call to the delightful plain TeX command
20602 As you can see, completely arbitrary shapes can be laid out with a suitable
20603 set of linelength definitions.
20604 While this parshape may look a bit silly and useless, one could conceive
20605 of situations such as finely tuned dropped capitals, word wrapping around
20606 non-rectangular graphics, etc.
20607 which will benefit from such handcrafting.
20610 \begin_layout Standard
20611 \begin_inset VSpace bigskip
20617 \begin_layout Standard
20622 parshape numlines #1indent #1length #2indent #2length \SpecialChar \ldots{}
20629 is the number of lines of text which define the paragraph.
20630 If there turn out to be fewer lines, the shape is truncated; if there are
20631 more, the excess lines have the same dimensions as the last line of the
20641 entries specify the indentation of the line from the left margin, and the
20642 length of the line as measured from that point.
20643 The shape applies only to the current paragraph; everything is reset to
20644 normal for the next paragraph.
20647 \begin_layout Standard
20651 \begin_layout Plain Layout
20663 \begin_layout Section
20667 \begin_layout Standard
20668 As you can see, the examples in this section range from the useful to the
20670 While I don't expect that anyone will ever need the paragraph shape demonstrate
20671 d in the last section, the important point is that you can do almost anything
20672 you want in LyX if you are willing to figure out how to do it in TeX and
20674 TeX is a fantastically powerful typesetting system and all that power is
20675 available to you since LyX uses it as its backend.