French EmbeddedObjects manual: final upadte before 2.4.0

[lyx.git] / lib / doc / Additional.lyx

#LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
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\pdf_title "LyX's Additional Features manual"
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\begin_layout Title
Additional \SpecialChar LyX
 Features
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\begin_layout Subtitle
Version 2.4.x
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\begin_layout Author
by the \SpecialChar LyX
 Team
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\noindent
Principal maintainer of this file is
\noun on
 Richard Kimberly Heck
\noun default
.
 If you have comments or error corrections,
 please send them to the \SpecialChar LyX
 Documentation mailing list,
 
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<lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org>
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.
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\begin_layout Chapter
Introduction
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This manual is essentially Part II of the 
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User's Guide\SpecialChar endofsentence

\emph default
 The reason for separating the two documents is simple:
 the 
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
 is already quite lengthy,
 and it contains information on all of the basic features one needs to know in order to prepare most documents.
 However,
 the \SpecialChar LyX
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 That means that if you want to support the Fizzwizzle \SpecialChar LaTeX
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 you can create a layout file (or module) for it without having to alter \SpecialChar LyX
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 We've already had contributions of several new features this way,
 and some of them are documented here.
 There are also some more `advanced' features,
 such as how to control the presentation of bibliographies and how to work with multi-part documents,
 that are not covered in the 
\emph on
User's Guide
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 and are discussed here.
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This manual also documents some special features,
 like fax support and version control,
 which require additional software to work properly.
 There is also a chapter on \SpecialChar LyX
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 there's a chapter of \SpecialChar LaTeX
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 things you can use to spruce up your documents by directly using the powerful features of \SpecialChar LaTeX
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If you haven't read the 
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Introduction
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 you are definitely in the wrong manual.
 The 
\emph on
Introduction
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 since it describes the notation and format of all of the manuals.
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\emph on
User's Guide
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Since many of the topics in this manual depend heavily on \SpecialChar LyX
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\SpecialChar LyX
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How \SpecialChar LyX
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This chapter is for both \SpecialChar TeX
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At one time,
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WYSIWYM frontend to \SpecialChar LaTeX
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Some familar ones are \SpecialChar TeX
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 on Linux,
 and \SpecialChar TeX
shop,
 OSX.
 There are also the \SpecialChar LaTeX
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 of course.
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 These are basically text editors with the ability to run \SpecialChar LaTeX
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 it also does much,
 much more.
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 Try the following sometime:
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Pane
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There are several commands that automatically invoke \SpecialChar LaTeX
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They will only invoke \SpecialChar LaTeX
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When \SpecialChar LyX
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.
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Run \SpecialChar LaTeX
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makeindex
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If there are any errors,
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\begin_layout Standard
If you have run \SpecialChar LaTeX
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 If you have used 
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Run 
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dvips
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 to convert the DVI file to PostScript.
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Run a PostScript viewer,
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ghostview
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,
 to display the PostScript file.
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\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 does similar things when viewing,
 or exporting,
 other formats.
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\begin_layout Section
Translating \SpecialChar LaTeX
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\begin_layout Standard
You can import a \SpecialChar LaTeX
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 by using the 
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File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Import\SpecialChar menuseparator
LaTeX
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 This will call a program named 
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tex2lyx
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 from the file 
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 \SpecialChar LyX
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tex2lyx
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 can also be run from the command line,
 of course.
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\begin_layout Standard
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tex2lyx
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 will translate most legal \SpecialChar LaTeX
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 but not everything.
 It will put things it doesn't understand into \SpecialChar TeX
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 so after translating a file with 
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tex2lyx
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,
 you can look for \SpecialChar TeX
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If you don't know what \SpecialChar TeX
 code is,
 read the next section.
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LatexCommand label
name "sec:Inserting-TeX-Code"

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Inserting \SpecialChar TeX
 Code into \SpecialChar LyX
 Documents 
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\begin_layout Standard
Anything you can do in \SpecialChar LaTeX
 you can do in \SpecialChar LyX
,
 for a very simple reason:
 You can always insert \SpecialChar TeX
 code into any \SpecialChar LyX
 document.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 cannot,
 and will never be able to,
 display every possible \SpecialChar LaTeX
 construct.
 If ever you need to insert \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands into your \SpecialChar LyX
 document,
 you can use the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar TeX
 Code
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 box,
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\family sans
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TeX Code
\family default
 or the keyboard shortcut 
\begin_inset Info
type  "shortcut"
arg   "ert-insert"
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.
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\begin_layout Standard
Here's an example of inserting \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands in a \SpecialChar LyX
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 The code looks like this:
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\backslash
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This is an example of a minipage environment.
 You 
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

can put nearly everything in it,
 even (non-floating) 
\begin_inset Newline newline
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figures and tables.
 
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\backslash
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&
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\backslash
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\backslash
begin{minipage}{5cm}
\begin_inset Newline newline
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This ...
 
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\backslash
end{minipage}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\backslash
end{verbatim}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\backslash
end{minipage}
\begin_inset Newline newline
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\backslash
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\begin_layout Standard
The 
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\SpecialChar TeX
 Code
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 box containing this text is directly after this paragraph.
 Those of you reading the manual in \SpecialChar LyX
 will only see the \SpecialChar TeX
 code inset.
 Those reading a printed version of the manuals will see the actual results:
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\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
begin{tabular}{ll}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
begin{minipage}{5cm}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

This is an example of a minipage environment.
 You can put nearly everything in it,
 even (non-floating) figures and tables.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
end{minipage}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

&
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
begin{minipage}{5cm}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
begin{verbatim}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
begin{minipage}{5cm}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

This ...
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
end{minipage}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
end{verbatim}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
end{minipage}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
end{tabular}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
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\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In addition to using \SpecialChar TeX
 code,
 you can also create a separate file containing some complex \SpecialChar LaTeX
 structure and then use 
\family sans
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Child
\begin_inset space ~
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Document 
\family default
to include your file (you should select the type 
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Input
\end_layout

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).
 We recommend that you only do this if you have a 
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
.tex
\end_layout

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 file which you 
\emph on
know
\emph default
 works already.
 Otherwise,
 you'll have a big job tracking down \SpecialChar LaTeX
 errors.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are a few last points to emphasize:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\SpecialChar LyX
 
\emph on
does not
\emph default
 check if your \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code is correct.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Beware of reinventing the wheel.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
On that last point,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 does have quite a few features tucked into it,
 and more are coming.
 Be sure to check the manuals to make sure that \SpecialChar LyX
 doesn't have such-and-such feature before you decide you have to do it by hand.
 Moreover,
 there are numerous \SpecialChar LaTeX
 packages out there to do all sorts of things,
 from labels to envelopes to fancy multipage tables.
 Check out 
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\end_inset

 for details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you do need to do some wild and fancy things within your document,
 be sure to check out a good \SpecialChar LaTeX
 book for assistance.
 There are a number of them listed in the bibliography of the 
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
\SpecialChar LyX
 and the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 Preamble
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
About the \SpecialChar LaTeX
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\begin_layout Standard
If you already know \SpecialChar LaTeX
,
 there is no need to explain here what the preamble is good for.
 If you don't,
 the following will give you some ideas—
we recommend again that you consult a \SpecialChar LaTeX
 book for further information.
 In any case,
 you should read the points below,
 because they explain what you can do and what you don't need to do in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 preamble of a \SpecialChar LyX
 document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The \SpecialChar LaTeX
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\emph on
before
\emph default
 the text.
 It serves to:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Declare the document class.
 
\begin_inset Newline newline
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\SpecialChar LyX
 already does this for you.
 If you're a seasoned \SpecialChar LaTeX
-nician,
 and you have a custom document class you want to use,
 check out the 
\emph on
Customization Manual
\emph default
 for information on how to make \SpecialChar LyX
 interface to it.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Declare the usage of packages.
 
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

\SpecialChar LaTeX
 packages provide special commands,
 which are only available within a document when the package has been declared in the preamble.
 In addition to providing special commands,
 the inclusion of a package can change the document.
 For example,
 the package 
\begin_inset Flex Code
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
indentfirst
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\end_inset

 forces all paragraphs to be indented.
 There are other packages for labels,
 envelopes,
 margins,
 etc.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Set counters,
 variables,
 lengths and widths.
 
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

There are several \SpecialChar LaTeX
 counters and variables that 
\emph on
must
\emph default
 be set globally from within the preamble in order to have the desired effect.
 (There are variables that you can set and reset inside the document,
 too.) Margins are a good example of something that must be set in the preamble.
 Another example is the label format for lists.
 You can actually set these just about anywhere,
 but it's best to do it just once,
 inside the preamble.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Declare user defined commands (with 
\begin_inset Flex Code
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\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
newcommand
\end_layout

\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
renewcommand
\end_layout

\end_inset

).
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

These are abbreviations for \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands which appear very often inside a document.
 Although the preamble is a good place to declare such commands,
 they 
\emph on
can
\emph default
 be declared anywhere (before they are used for the first time,
 of course).
 This can be useful if there is a lot of raw \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code in your document,
 which normally should not be the case.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 adds its own set of definitions to the preamble of the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.tex
\end_layout

\end_inset

 file it produces.
 This makes \SpecialChar LaTeX
 files generated by \SpecialChar LyX
 portable.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Changing the Preamble
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The commands which \SpecialChar LyX
 adds to the preamble of a \SpecialChar LaTeX
 file are fixed;
 you can't change them without patching \SpecialChar LyX
 itself.
 You can,
 however,
 add your own stuff to the preamble by selecting 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Preamble
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in the 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
 dialog.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 adds anything in the 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Preamble
\end_layout

\end_inset

 dialog to its own built-in preamble.
 Before adding your own declarations in the preamble,
 you should make sure that \SpecialChar LyX
 doesn't already support what you want to do.
 (Remember what we said about reinventing the wheel?) Also,
 
\emph on
make sure your preamble code is correct
\emph default
.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 doesn't check it for you.
 If there is an error,
 you're likely to get an error like 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Missing 
\backslash
begin{document}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 If you see this error,
 check your preamble.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Examples
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Here are some examples of what you can add to a preamble,
 and what they do.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Example #1:
 Offsets
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are two variables under \SpecialChar LaTeX
 that control page position:
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
hoffset
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
voffset
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Their names should be self-explanatory.
 These variables are useful if you think for a moment about computer labels.
 Sometimes,
 the size of a print medium and the area of the medium that you can actually print on aren't the same.
 This is where 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
hoffset
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
voffset
\end_layout

\end_inset

 come in.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The default values for 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
hoffset
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
voffset
\end_layout

\end_inset

 are both 0
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

points,
 i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

e.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

the page isn't shifted.
 Unfortunately,
 some DVI drivers always seem to shift the page.
 We have no idea why,
 or why the sysadmin hasn't fixed such behavior.
 If you're using \SpecialChar LyX
 on a system that you don't personally maintain,
 and your sysadmin is a doofus,
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
hoffset
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
voffset
\end_layout

\end_inset

 can save the day.
 Suppose your left and top margins are always 0.5
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

inches too big.
 You can add this to the preamble:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
hoffset}{-0.5 in}
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
voffset}{-0.5 in}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
and your margins should now be correct.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Example #2:
 Labels
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Speaking of labels,
 suppose you wanted to print out a bunch of address labels.
 There's a rather nice package,
 available at your nearest CTAN archive,
 for printing sheets of labels:
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
labels.sty
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Now,
 your system may not have this package installed by default.
 We leave that up to you to check.
 You'll also want to read the documentation for it;
 we're not going to do that for you.
 Since this is an example,
 however,
 we'll give you an example of how you use this package.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
First,
 make sure you're using the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
article
\end_layout

\end_inset

 document class.
 Next,
 you need to put the following in your preamble:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
usepackage{labels}
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
LabelCols=3
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
LabelRows=7
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
LeftBorder=8mm
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
RightBorder=8mm
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
TopBorder=9mm
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
BottomBorder=2mm
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This sets things up for Avery label sheets,
 stock #5360.
 You're now ready to print labels,
 but you'll need to insert \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code,
 placing the commands 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
begin{labels}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
end{labels}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 around each label text.
 This and other special features of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
labels.sty
\end_layout

\end_inset

 are explained in its documentation.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Someday,
 someone may write a \SpecialChar LyX
 layout file to support this package directly.
 Maybe that someone is you.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Example #3:
 Paragraph Indentation
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Americans are trained to indent the first line of 
\emph on
every
\emph default
 paragraph.
 As with all of their other weird quirks,
 most Americans will whine and moan until they can have their way and indent the first line of all paragraphs.
 (Yes,
 we're joking.
 (We are?) 
\emph on
Yeah
\emph default
,
 we are.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Of course,
 this behavior isn't standard typography.
 In books,
 you typically only indent the first line of a paragraph 
\emph on
if
\emph default
 it follows another one.
 The idea behind indenting the first line of a paragraph is to distinguish neighboring paragraphs from one another.
 If there is no previous paragraph—
for example,
 if it follows a figure or is the first paragraph in a section—
then there is no need for indentation.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you're a typical American (we're still joking!),
 though,
 you don't care about such esoteric things;
 you want your indentation!
 Add this to the preamble:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
usepackage{indentfirst}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If your \SpecialChar TeX
 distribution isn't braindead,
 you'll have this package,
 and all of your paragraphs will get the indentation the Founding Fathers intended they should have.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Example #4:
 This Document
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can also check out the preamble of this document to get an idea of some of the advanced things you can do.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
\SpecialChar LyX
 and \SpecialChar LaTeX
 Errors
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When \SpecialChar LyX
 calls \SpecialChar LaTeX
,
 it tells \SpecialChar LaTeX
 to blithely ignore any errors and keep going.
 It then uses the logfile from the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 run to do a post-mortem.
 After analyzing the logfile,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 displays a dialog listing the errors.
 Clicking on any one of them will take you to the position in your \SpecialChar LyX
 file where the error occurred.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Well,
 usually.
 Analyzing the logfile is a tough job,
 and \SpecialChar LyX
 doesn't always go to the right line.
 There are also cases where \SpecialChar LaTeX
 reports the error on one line,
 but the actual error is earlier.
 This is not unlike forgetting a closing brace in a program:
 You'll get an error,
 but only later.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Some folks also like to look at the log file directly:
 It is available from 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
LaTeX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Log
\family default
.
 There are some fairly common error messages and warnings.
 We'll cover those here.
 You should look at a good \SpecialChar LaTeX
 book for a complete listing.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
LaTeX Warning
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Anything beginning with these words is a warning message for the purpose of 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

debugging
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code itself.
 You'll get messages like this if you added or changed cross-references or bibliography entries,
 in which case,
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 is trying to tell you that you need to make another run.
 You can by-and-large ignore these.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
LaTeX Font Warning
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Another warning message,
 this time about fonts which \SpecialChar LaTeX
 couldn't find.
 The rest of the message will often say something about a replacement font that \SpecialChar LaTeX
 used.
 You can safely ignore these,
 too.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Overfull 
\backslash
hbox
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

\SpecialChar LaTeX
 absolutely 
\emph on
loves
\emph default
 to spew these out.
 It seems to generate at least one of these messages for just about any document you write.
 They are warnings about lines that were too long and run past the right margin.
 This happens if \SpecialChar LaTeX
 does not find a reasonable way to break the lines (notoriously often with typewriter font,
 since this does not allow for automatic break points).
 In many cases,
 this is unnoticeable in the final output.
 (It can be just a point or two.) Sometimes,
 however,
 the lines run rather visibly into the margin;
 something you will not want to have in your final print.
 
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

There are several global ways to try to minimize the overfull lines.
 Clicking 
\family sans
Enable micro-typographic extensions
\family default
 in 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Fonts
\family default
 might already improve things a lot.
 Furthermore,
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code such as the following in 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preamble
\family default
 usually reduces the overfull lines drastically (we use this in the preamble of this document):
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
tolerance 1414
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\backslash
hbadness 1414
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\backslash
emergencystretch 1.5em
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\backslash
hfuzz 0.3pt
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In some cases,
 however,
 you eventually have to rewrite the text to get the line breaking right.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
For more information,
 see 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://www.tex.ac.uk/FAQ-overfull.html
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In any case,
 you should check the respective lines,
 at least for the final version of your document.
 Your eyes will tell you if there's a problem with something that's too wide.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
You can also enable the `draft' option in 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
,
 and then \SpecialChar LaTeX
 will draw a black box in the margin of lines that are overfull.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Underfull 
\backslash
hbox
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Not quite as common as its cousin.
 This happens again if \SpecialChar LaTeX
 does not find a reasonable break point and consequently generates too loose lines.
 As with the overfull lines,
 you should check if this is a visible problem.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Overfull 
\backslash
vbox
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Underfull 
\backslash
vbox
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Warnings about troubles breaking the page.
 Once again,
 just look at the output.
 Your eyes will tell you where something has gone wrong.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
LaTeX Error:
 File 
\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset

Xxxx
\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset

 not found
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

The file 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Xxxx
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 isn't installed on this system.
 This usually appears because some package your document needs isn't installed.
 If you didn't touch the preamble or didn't use the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
usepackage{}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 command,
 then one of the packages \SpecialChar LyX
 tried to load is missing.
 Use 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
LaTeX Configuration
\family default
 to get a list of packages that \SpecialChar LyX
 knows about.
 This file is updated whenever you reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
 (using 
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Reconfigure
\family default
) and tells you which packages have been detected and what they do.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

If you did use the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
usepackage{}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 command and the package in question isn't installed,
 then you'll need to install it yourself.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
LaTeX Error:
 Unknown option
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Error messages beginning with this are trying to tell you that you specified a bad or undefined option to a package.
 Check the package's documentation.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Undefined control sequence
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

If you've inserted \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code into your document,
 but made a typo,
 you'll get one of these.
 You may have forgotten to load a package.
 In any case,
 this error message usually means that you used an undefined command.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are other error and warning messages.
 Some are self-explanatory.
 These are usually \SpecialChar LaTeX
 messages.
 Others are downright cryptic.
 These are usually \SpecialChar TeX
 error messages,
 and we really have 
\emph on
no clue
\emph default
 what they mean or how to decipher them.
 No-one does.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There's a general sequence you should follow if you get error messages:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Look at the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code you inserted for typos.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
If there are no typos,
 check that you used the command(s) correctly.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
If you get a bunch of error boxes piled up at the very top of the document—
and especially if you see a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Missing 
\backslash
begin{document}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 error—
it means that there are errors in the preamble.
 Start debugging your preamble.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
If you didn't add anything to the preamble and didn't add any \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code to the document,
 the first suspect is your \SpecialChar LaTeX
 distribution itself.
 Check for missing packages and install them.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Okay,
 so there are no missing packages.
 Did you use any of the fine-tuning options in \SpecialChar LyX
?
 Specifically,
 did you 
\emph on
misuse
\emph default
 any of them,
 like trying to manually insert lots of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Non-Breaking
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Spaces
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Linebreaks
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Pagebreaks
\end_layout

\end_inset

?
 Did you try to kludge something together with these instead of using the appropriate paragraph environment?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
All right,
 you didn't use any of the fine-tuning options,
 you played by the rules.
 Did you try to pull a fancy maneuver?
 Did you do something funky inside a table or an equation,
 like inserting a graphic into a table cell?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Do you have long sections of text where \SpecialChar LaTeX
 cannot find a place to break a line?
 By default,
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 is rather strict about how much extra inter-word spacing it will add in order to break a line.
 Preferably,
 you should rework the paragraph to avoid the problem.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Did you go overboard with the nesting?
 \SpecialChar LyX
 (currently) doesn't check to make sure you're in the limits for nesting environments.
 If you nested a bunch of environments to the 
\begin_inset Formula $17^{\mathrm{th}}$
\end_inset

 level,
 that's the problem.
 (The limit in \SpecialChar LaTeX
 is five.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Okay,
 you didn't get any error messages,
 but your output looks awful.
 If you have a table or figure that's too wide or long for the page,
 you need to:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
rescale the figure so it fits.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
trim down the table so it fits.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
If something else is wrong with the output,
 and you didn't try to pull anything fancy or kludge the fine-tuning options,
 we're not sure what's wrong.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If all this doesn't help—
well,
 then 
\emph on
perhaps
\emph default
 you might have found a bug in \SpecialChar LyX
\SpecialChar ldots
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Document classes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As explained in the 
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 originally offered four standard document classes,
 article,
 report,
 book and letter,
 but individuals and organizations,
 most notably the American Mathematical Society in the early days,
 have made many contributions to extending the range of document classes.
 In this chapter we summarize the main externally maintained classes,
 some of which are marked “Unavailable:” in the pull-down 
\family sans
Document
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\bar under
c
\bar default
lass
\family default
 list in the 
\family sans
\bar under
D
\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
S
\bar default
ettings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Document
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

class
\family default
 dialog and which you will need to install as described in the 
\emph on
Installing New Document Classes
\emph default
 chapter of the 
\emph on
Customization
\emph default
 manual if you want to use them.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:Collections"

\end_inset

Collections
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:AMS-LaTeX-(American-Mathematical"

\end_inset

AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
 (American Mathematical Society)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The \SpecialChar LyX
 supported document classes 
\family sans
article (AMS)
\family default
 and 
\family sans
book (AMS)
\family default
 are maintained by the Society;
 use of their features is described in the Math manual and on their website 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 The following summary was originally provided by 
\noun on
David Johnson
\noun default
 and updated by 
\noun on
Richard Kimberly Heck
\noun default
 and the \SpecialChar LyX
 Team
\noun on
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
The AMS \SpecialChar LaTeX
 layouts are set up to conform to suggested styles for mathematical papers to be submitted to American Mathematical Society publications.
 The layouts are not tailored to a specific journal,
 but easily can be.
 You should refer to the AMS documentation for specific instructions for each journal (usually it will entail only changing a single line in the \SpecialChar TeX
 output).
 That documentation is available on the Web at 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://www.ams.org
\end_layout

\end_inset

 or by ftp at 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/amslatex/
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 These layouts are appropriate,
 and useful,
 for any mathematical writing.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are three basic AMS \SpecialChar LaTeX
 layouts:
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
amsart:
 The standard AMS article format;
 see 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Articles\SpecialChar menuseparator
American Mathematical Society (AMS)
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
amsbook:
 the standard AMS book (really,
 monograph) format;
 see 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Books\SpecialChar menuseparator
American Mathematical Society (AMS)
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
amsproc:
 the standard AMS proceedings format.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 only supports the first two natively;
 see the 
\emph on
Installing New Document Classes
\emph default
 chapter of the 
\emph on
Customization
\emph default
 manual if you want to use 
\family sans
amsproc
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The layouts themselves contain only the minimum necessary to use the AMS classes.
 They do not,
 in particular,
 contain any of the `theorem' environments used for setting theorems,
 lemmas,
 and the like.
 These are contained,
 instead,
 in the 
\family sans
AMS Theorems
\family default
 module,
 which is loaded by default when you select one of the AMS classes.
 (It can also be used with other classes and can be removed,
 if you would rather use something else.) Less commonly used environments are in the 
\family sans
AMS Theorems (Extended)
\family default
 module,
 which must be loaded manually.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
By default,
 theorems and the like are numbered consecutively throughout the document,
 but this may be modified by loading the module 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Numbered by Section)
\family default
 or,
 if you are using 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
book (AMS)
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 the module 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Numbered by Chapter)
\family default
.
 These will number the results as 
\begin_inset Formula $n.m$
\end_inset

,
 where the first number refers to the section (or chapter) and the second refers to the total number of results so far in that section (or chapter).
 Many environments are also available unnumbered.
 These are indicated by an asterisk at the end.
 If you happen to want 
\emph on
only
\emph default
 unnumbered results,
 the module 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Unnumbered)
\family default
 provides that option.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Note that these modules do not 
\emph on
have
\emph default
 to be used with the AMS classes.
 It is perfectly possible to use the 
\family sans
AMS Theorems
\family default
 module,
 and the others mentioned,
 with other classes,
 such as 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Article (Standard Class)
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Report (Standard Class)
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
KOMA-Script Book
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 and so forth.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
What these layouts provide
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There is a long list of included environments provided by these layouts.
 In AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
,
 there is,
 in fact,
 an opportunity to define an unlimited variety of `theorem' environments.
 However,
 the AMS recommends the environments that are available in \SpecialChar LyX
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following environments—
as well as the standard environments,
 such as 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
section
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
bibliography
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
title
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
author
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 and 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
date
\end_layout

\end_inset

—
are provided by 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
article (AMS)
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
book (AMS)
\end_layout

\end_inset

:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Address This should be the author's permanent address.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Current
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Address This should be the author's temporary address at the time of submission,
 if different from the Address.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Email Author's e-mail address
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
URL Author's Web address,
 if desired.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Keywords Key words or phrases used to identify specific topics discussed in the paper.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Subjectclass These refer to the AMS Subject Classifications,
 published and described in 
\emph on
Mathematical Reviews
\emph default
.
 These are also available online at the AMS cites listed above.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Thanks
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Dedicatory
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Translator
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following environments are provided by both the 
\family sans
Standard Theorems
\family default
 and 
\family sans
AMS Theorems
\family default
 modules,
 in the latter case in both unnumbered and numbered versions.
 These same environments are provided only in the starred versions by the 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Unnumbered)
\family default
 module:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Theorem
This is typically used for the statements of major results.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Corollary*
This is used for statements which follow fairly directly from previous statements.
 Again,
 these can be major results.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Lemma
These are smaller results needed to prove other statements.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Proposition
These are less major results which (hopefully) add to the general theory being discussed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Conjecture
These are statements provided without justification,
 which the author does not know how to prove,
 but which seem to be true (to the author,
 at least).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Definition*
Guess what this is for.
 The font is different for this environment than for the previous ones.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Example*
Used for examples illustrating proven results.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Problem
It's not really known what this is for.
 You should figure it out.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Exercise*
Write a description for this one.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Remark
This environment is also a type of theorem,
 usually a lesser sort of observation.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Claim*
Often used in the course of giving a proof of a larger result.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Case
Generally,
 these are used to break up long arguments,
 using specific instances of some condition.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Case
The numbering scheme for cases is on its own,
 not together with other numbered statements.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Proof
At the end of this environment,
 a QED symbol (usually a square,
 but it can vary with different styles) is placed.
 If you want to have other environments within this one—
for example,
 Case environments—
and have the QED symbol appear only after them,
 then the other environments need to be nested within the proof environment.
 See the section 
\emph on
Nesting Environments
\emph default
 of the 
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
 for information on nesting.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Fact
Used in a way similar to Proposition,
 though perhaps lower on the scale.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
And these environments are provided by 
\family sans
AMS Theorems (Extended
\family default
):
\end_layout

\begin_layout Criterion*
A required condition.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Algorithm*
A general procedure to be used.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Axiom*
This is a property or statement taken as true within the system being discussed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Condition*
Sometimes used to state a condition assumed within the present context of discussion.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Note*
Similar to a Remark.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Notation*
Used for the explanation of,
 yes,
 notation.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Summary
Do we really need to tell you?
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Conclusion*
Sometimes used at the end of a long train of argument.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Assumption*
Assumption
\end_layout

\begin_layout Question*
Question
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are ten more Maths modules available including several offering options ordered on 
\family sans
(Numbered by Type \SpecialChar ldots
)
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In addition,
 the AMS classes automatically provide the AMS \SpecialChar LaTeX
 and AMS fonts packages.
 They need to be available on your system in order to use these environments.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Extra-font-sizes"

\end_inset

Extra font sizes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The “Extra font sizes” collection provides the document classes 
\family sans
article
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(with extra font sizes)
\family default
,
 
\family sans
book
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(with extra font sizes)
\family default
,
 
\family sans
letter
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(with extra font sizes)
\family default
 and 
\family sans
report
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(with extra font sizes)
\family default
 which use the 
\family typewriter
article.cls
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter
book.cls
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter
letter.cls
\family default
 and 
\family typewriter
report.cls
\family default
 document classes respectively but offer the additional 
\family sans
\bar under
B
\bar default
ase
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Size
\family default
 options 8,
 9,
 14,
 17 and 20 in the 
\family sans
\bar under
D
\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
S
\bar default
ettings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Fonts
\family default
 dialog.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Hebrew
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document classes 
\family sans
article
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Hebrew)
\family default
 and 
\family sans
letter
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Hebrew)
\family default
 use the 
\family typewriter
article.cl
\family sans
s
\family default
 and 
\family typewriter
letter.cls
\family default
 document classes to facilitate the use of Hebrew in \SpecialChar LyX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Japanese"

\end_inset

Japanese (Standard Classes)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 included a collection of several bundles that aim to facilitate typesetting Japanese documents.
 The bundles have been developed at different times,
 they thus support different typesetting engines and features.
 This collection is the oldest one.
 It adjusts the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 standard classes to requirements of Japanese typesetting,
 for horizontal and vertical writing.
 The collection includes 
\family sans
Japanese Article
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Standard Class)
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Japanese Article
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Standard Class,
 vertical Writing)
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Japanese Book
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Standard Class)
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Japanese Book
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Standard Class,
 vertical Writing)
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Japanese Report
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Japanese Standard Class)
\family default
,
 and
\family sans
 Japanese Report
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Standard Class,
 vertical Writing)
\family default
,
 which all work with 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

classic
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 engines tailored for Japanese,
 p\SpecialChar LaTeX
 and up\SpecialChar LaTeX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For the use with the more modern Lua\SpecialChar LaTeX
 typesetting engine,
 the collection also includes dedicated classes 
\family sans
Japanese Article
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Standard Class for LuaTeX),
 Japanese Article
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Standard Class for LuaTeX,
 vertical Writing),
 Japanese Book
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Standard Class for LuaTeX)
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Japanese Book
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Standard Class for LuaTeX,
 vertical Writing)
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Japanese Report
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Japanese Standard Class for LuaTeX)
\family default
,
 and 
\family sans
Japanese Report
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(Japanese Standard Class for LuaTeX,
 vertical Writing)
\family default
,
 provided by the 
\family sans
luatexja
\family default
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 package.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Templates for the Lua\SpecialChar LaTeX
 classes can be found in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
New From Template
\family default
 in the respective category (
\family sans
Articles
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Books
\family default
,
 or 
\family sans
Reports
\family default
).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Japanese-JS"

\end_inset

Japanese (JS Bundle)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This collection includes improved versions of the classes included in 
\family sans
Japanese (Standard Classes)
\family default
 (see
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Japanese"

\end_inset

).
 It includes 
\family sans
Japanese Article
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(JS Bundle) 
\family default
and 
\family sans
Japanese Book
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(JS Bundle)
\family default
.
 A report class can be obtained by using 
\family sans
Japanese Book
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(JS Bundle)
\family default
 with option 
\family sans
report
\family default
 in 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Document Class\SpecialChar menuseparator
Class Options\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom
\family default
.
 All these classes work with 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

classic
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 engines tailored for Japanese,
 p\SpecialChar LaTeX
 and up\SpecialChar LaTeX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For the use with the more modern Lua\SpecialChar LaTeX
 typesetting engine,
 the collection also includes dedicated classes 
\family sans
Japanese Article (JS Bundle for LuaTeX),
 Japanese Book
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(JS Bundle for LuaTeX)
\family default
,
 and 
\family sans
Japanese Report
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(JS Bundle)
\family default
,
 provided by the 
\family sans
luatexja
\family default
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 package.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Templates for the Lua\SpecialChar LaTeX
 classes can be found in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
New From Template
\family default
 in the respective category (
\family sans
Articles
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Books
\family default
,
 or 
\family sans
Reports
\family default
).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Japanese-BX"

\end_inset

Japanese (BX Bundle)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This bundle contains the document classes 
\family sans
Japanese Article
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(BX Bundle)
\family default
,

\family sans
 Japanese Book
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(BX Bundle)
\family default
,
 and 
\family sans
Japanese Report
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(BX Bundle)
\family default
 which provide alternative document classes for Japanese documents.
 Furthermore,
 a class 
\family sans
Japanese Slides (BX Bundle)
\family default
 for presentation slides,
 is included.
 As opposed to the classes of the 
\family sans
Standard Classes
\family default
 and 
\family sans
JS 
\family default
bundles (sec.
 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Japanese"

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Japanese-JS"

\end_inset

),
 which support only p\SpecialChar LaTeX
 and up\SpecialChar LaTeX
 out of the box (and Lua\SpecialChar LaTeX
 only through the extra classes added by the 
\family sans
luatexja
\family default
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 package),
 the classes of this bundle also support pdf\SpecialChar LaTeX
,
 Xe\SpecialChar LaTeX
 and Lua\SpecialChar LaTeX
 directly,
 with the aid of suitable packages that provide capability of Japanese typesetting.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Japanese-JLReq"

\end_inset

Japanese (JLReq Class)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This bundle draws on the 
\family sans
jlreq
\family default
 class which faithfully traces the standard of 
\emph on
Requirements for Japanese Text Layout
\emph default
 set by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C,
 see 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

https://www.w3.org/TR/jlreq/?lang=en
\end_layout

\end_inset

).
 It can be used with Lua\SpecialChar LaTeX
 as well as p\SpecialChar LaTeX
 and up\SpecialChar LaTeX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
LyX provides layouts for 
\family sans
Japanese Article
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(JLReq Class)
\family default
,

\family sans
 Japanese Book
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(JLReq Class)
\family default
,
 and 
\family sans
Japanese Report
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(JLReq Class)
\family default
 which are all derived from the 
\family sans
jlreq
\family default
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 class via specific class options.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
An example article document is available at 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Articles\SpecialChar menuseparator
Japanese Article (JLReq Class)
\family default
.
 English documentation is available at 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/jptex/latex/jlreq/jlreq.pdf
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:KOMA-Script"

\end_inset

KOMA-Script
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Original by 
\noun on
Bernd Rellermeyer
\noun default
;
 updated by 
\noun on
Jürgen Spitzmüller
\noun default
 and the \SpecialChar LyX
 Team
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Overview
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The KOMA-Script collection of document classes is a development of the Script classes created by Frank Neukam in the early 1990s;
 it was formally launched with the addition of a letter class in 1994.
 Since then,
 a second letter class has been added.
 Frank Neukam's classes were inspired by the principles of typography and this has been fully integrated into the design of the KOMA-Script classes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The \SpecialChar LyX
 document classes 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Article
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Report
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Book
\emph default
,
 and 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Letter
\emph default
 correspond to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 document classes 
\family typewriter
scrartcl.cls
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter
scrreprt.cls
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter
scrbook.cls
\family default
,
 and 
\family typewriter
scrlettr.cls
\family default
,
 resp.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

of the Koma-Script family.
 They are replacements for the standard document classes 
\family typewriter
article.cls
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter
report.cls
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter
book.cls
\family default
 and 
\family typewriter
letter.cls
\family default
,
 resp.,
 and fit better to European typography conventions in a number of points.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The base character sizes when you select a KOMA-Script class are 11pt in 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Article
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Report
\emph default
,
 and 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Book
\emph default
 and 12pt in 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Letter
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Headings,
 labels of the description environment,
 and a number of elements of the 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Letter
\emph default
 document class are set in a bold sans serif font.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
There is a big difference between the bold sans serif old cm fonts and new ec fonts,
 especially in the appearance of headings.
 In comparison,
 the ec bold sans serif fonts look a bit thin.
 Here the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 package 
\family typewriter
cmsd.sty by
\family default
 
\shape smallcaps
Walter Schmidt
\shape default
 helps to produce the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

usual
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 appearance when using the ec fonts.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 The numbering of chapter headings is made in the same way as the numbering of section headings,
 that is without the extra line 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Chapter\SpecialChar ldots

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 In addition,
 the appearance of the headings can be modified by using a number of options (in \SpecialChar LyX
 to be entered in the field 
\family sans
Extra
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Options
\family default
 of the dialog 
\family sans
Layout\SpecialChar menuseparator
Document
\family default
).
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The layout of a KOMA-Script page follows one of two traditional typesetting conventions based on dividing the page into strips or drawing a circle.
 The default is to imagine that a page is divided horizontally and vertically into strips and allocate strips to the margins leaving the unused strips for the text area.
 You can change the sizes of the margins by changing the factor by which the page is divided into strips;
 the default for an A4 page is 9 and increasing this factor will produce increasingly narrower strips and therefore narrower margins.
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Whatever the factor,
 two strips are allocated to the outer and bottom margins of a two-sided document and one strip to the inner and top margins,
 leaving a text area occupying around half the page.
 Since most two-sided documents have a binding,
 this can make the inner margins appear too narrow;
 so you can apply a binding correction to the page which is deducted before the size of the strips is calculated.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The main means in the Koma-Script document classes to design the type area are the options 
\family sans
BCOR
\family default
 and 
\family sans
DIV
\family default
 entered in 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Document Class\SpecialChar menuseparator
Class Options\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In this document,
 the binding correction is 7.5mm which is added in the form 
\family typewriter
BCOR7.5mm
\family default
 to 
\family sans
Class
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

options\SpecialChar menuseparator
Cus
\bar under
t
\bar default
om
\family default
 dialog.
 To change the factor to 11,
 for example,
 add the entry 
\family typewriter
DIV=11
\family default
 to the comma separated list of entries in the 
\family sans
Cus
\bar under
t
\bar default
om
\family default
 
\family sans
Class
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

options
\family default
.
 If you want the default value of this factor for a page size other than A4,
 add the entry 
\family typewriter
DIV=calc
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To use the circle method of calculating the page layout,
 use 
\family typewriter
DIV=classic
\family default
 instead.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
The \SpecialChar LaTeX
 document classes of the Koma-Script family define a number of additional commands.
 Those part of it which makes sense in \SpecialChar LyX
 is implemented in corresponding paragraph types.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Detailed descriptions of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 document classes of the Koma-Script family can be found in the Koma-Script documentation 
\emph on
scrguide
\emph default
 (German) and 
\emph on
scrguien
\emph default
 (English).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\series bold
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:article-(KOMA-Script),-report"

\end_inset


\series default
\emph on
KOMA-Script Article
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Report
\emph default
,
 and 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Book
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document classes 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Article
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Report
\emph default
,
 and 
\emph on
KOMA-Script Book
\emph default
 are implemented in the layout files 
\family typewriter
scrartcl.layout
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter
scrreprt.layout
\family default
,
 and 
\family typewriter
scrbook.layout
\family default
,
 resp.
 They contain all the paragraph types of the corresponding standard document classes 
\emph on
article
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
report
\emph default
,
 and 
\emph on
book
\emph default
,
 resp.,
 partly modified,
 with the exception of the \SpecialChar LyX
 specific 
\family sans
List
\family default
-type,
 which is replaced by the new 
\family sans
Labeling
\family default
-type having the same functionality.
 Beside the 
\family sans
Labeling
\family default
-Type there is a number of new paragraph types added.
 They are 
\emph on
not
\emph default
 part of 
\emph on
letter (koma-script)
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Addpart,
 Addchap
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Addsec
\family default
:
 are equivalents to 
\family sans
Part*,
 Chapter*
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Section*
\family default
,
 resp.,
 additionally inserting an entry in the table of contents.
 
\family sans
Addpart
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Addchap
\family default
 are not contained in 
\emph on
article (koma-script)
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Addchap*
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Addsec*
\family default
:
 behave exactly as 
\family sans
Addchap
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Addsec
\family default
,
 resp.,
 additionally clearing running heads.
 
\family sans
Addchap*
\family default
 is not contained in 
\emph on
article (koma-script)
\emph default
.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
There is also an 
\family typewriter

\backslash
addpart*
\family default
 command in 
\emph on
book (koma-script)
\emph default
 and in 
\emph on
report (koma-script)
\emph default
,
 but since this is identical to 
\family sans
Part*
\family default
,
 is has not been implemented in \SpecialChar LyX
.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Minisec
\family default
:
 generates a heading directly above the following paragraph in the standard character size without affecting the structure of the document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Captionabove
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Captionbelow
\family default
 are special captions which respect the different space settings needed for captions placed above or below an element (if you follow strict typographic rules,
 you might want to place table captions always above the table).
 You can also use the class option 
\family typewriter
tablecaptionsabove
\family default
,
 which will switch 
\family sans
caption
\family default
 to 
\family sans
captionabove
\family default
 for tables and 
\family sans
captionbelow
\family default
 for figures.
 You need at least Koma-Script version 2.8q to use this.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Dictum
\family default
:
 can be used to set a bonmot,
 e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

at the beginning of a chapter.
 If you use the optional argument (
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Dictum
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Author
\family default
),
 you can insert the dictum's author there.
 Dictum and author are separated by a line.
 You need at least Koma-Script version 2.8q to use this.
 
\family sans
Dictum
\family default
 is not contained in 
\emph on
article (koma-script)
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following types,
 together with the standard types 
\family sans
Title
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Author
\family default
,
 and 
\family sans
Date
\family default
,
 form the title area of the document.
 They must be entered ahead of the first 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

ordinary
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 paragraph.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
The corresponding \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands must appear before the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
maketitle
\family default
 command.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 When such a type is used more than once,
 the latter usage overwrites the former one,
 that means,
 for every type only the latest usage is valid.
 The order of the different types however has,
 like 
\family sans
Title
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Author
\family default
,
 and 
\family sans
Date
\family default
,
 no effect on the appearance of the produced document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Subject
\family default
:
 produces a centered paragraph above the ordinary title (
\family sans
Title
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Author
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Date
\family default
) for the subject of the document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Publishers
\family default
:
 produces a centered paragraph below the ordinary title (
\family sans
Title
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Author
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Date
\family default
) for the publishers' name.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Dedication
\family default
:
 in 
\emph on
report (koma-script)
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
book (koma-script)
\emph default
 produces a centered paragraph on its own page behind the title page,
 or in 
\emph on
article (koma-script)
\emph default
 produces a centered paragraph below the ordinary title (
\family sans
Title
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Author
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Date
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Publishers
\family default
) for a dedication.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Titlehead
\family default
:
 produces a left aligned paragraph above the ordinary title (
\family sans
Title
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Author
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Date
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Subject
\family default
) for a document`s head.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Uppertitleback
\family default
:
 produces in a double-sided print in 
\emph on
report (koma-script)
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
book (koma-script)
\emph default
 a left-aligned paragraph at the top of the title page`s back or has no effect in a single-sided print or in 
\emph on
article (koma-script)
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Lowertitleback
\family default
:
 produces in a double-sided print in 
\emph on
report (koma-script)
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
book (koma-script)
\emph default
 a left-aligned paragraph at the bottom of the title page`s back or has no effect in a single-sided print or in 
\emph on
article (koma-script)
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Extratitle
\family default
:
 produces a special 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

dirty
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 page ahead of the actual document containing a paragraph without special formatting.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
KOMA-Script offers a wide range of 
\family sans
Cus
\bar under
t
\bar default
om Class
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

options
\family default
 for the 
\family sans
\bar under
D
\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
S
\bar default
ettings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Document
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

class
\family default
 dialog which you can apply to the whole document,
 among them
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series medium
draft=true
\family default
\series default
 which produces a PDF with a small black box at the end any line in which a formatting error occurs;
 the default setting is 
\family typewriter
false
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series medium
headings=
\family default
\series default
 which may take the values 
\family typewriter
big
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter
normal
\family default
 or 
\family typewriter
small
\family default
;
 the first and last adjust the sizes of the headings to take account of page sizes where the default values may not be suitable
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series medium
numbers=
\family default
\series default
 which may take the values 
\family typewriter
auto
\family default
 (the default),
 
\family typewriter
enddot
\family default
 or 
\family typewriter
noenddot
\family default
;
 the first leaves it up to KOMA-Script to add periods after chapter,
 section numbers,
 etc.;
 the second forces the addition of periods and third suppresses them
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
and the math options:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series medium
leqno
\family default
\series default
 which causes equations to be numbered on the left rather than on the right,
 and
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series medium
fleqn
\family default
\series default
 which causes equations to be left justified rather than centered.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It also provides commands to affect the output of the document independently of the standard \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands and packages;
 for example,
 if you want your captions in bold add
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family typewriter

\backslash
setkomafont{captionlabel}{
\backslash
bfseries}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
to 
\family sans
\bar under
D
\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
S
\bar default
ettings
\family default
\SpecialChar menuseparator

\family sans
\SpecialChar LaTeX

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Preamble
\family default
) and the problem is solved.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you are writing a book,
 it is normal to have the preliminary pages numbered in Roman numerals and the Chapters in this part unnumbered.
 If you use the Chapter* environment,
 your Foreword and Preface will not appear in the Table of Contents;
 to make them to appear in the Table of contents,
 you need to use Chapter environments and add the \SpecialChar TeX
 code
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family typewriter

\backslash
frontmatter
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
at the very start of the book (not in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 Preamble) and
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family typewriter

\backslash
mainmatter
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
before the first chapter of the body of the text.
 Alternatively,
 you might also use 
\family sans
Chapter* (TOC)
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You may also want to have some unnumbered Chapter environments at the end of the book after the Appendices,
 if any.
\begin_inset Foot
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Appendices are normally “numbered” with letters.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 If you use the Chapter* environment,
 they will not appear in the Table of Contents;
 so add the \SpecialChar TeX
 code
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family typewriter

\backslash
backmatter
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
before the first of these headings and use the Chapter environment.
 These commands will have no effect on the numbering in \SpecialChar LyX
,
 only on the PDF output where the headings will be unnumbered and appear in the Table of Contents.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The layout files for the document classes 
\emph on
article (koma-script)
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
report (koma-script)
\emph default
,
 and 
\emph on
book (koma-script)
\emph default
 do include the file 
\family typewriter
scrmacros.inc
\family default
.
 This is thought of as a place to define your own types.
 Copy scrmacros
\family typewriter
.inc
\family default
 in your personal layout directory and edit the file!
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:The-new-letter"

\end_inset

The new letter class:
 KOMA-Script Letter (V.
 2)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
by 
\noun on
Jürgen Spitzmüller
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
Koma-Script version 2.8 has introduced a new letter class 
\family typewriter
scrlttr2
\family default
 which supersedes the now unsupported 
\family typewriter
scrlettr
\family default
.
 It has —
 on the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 side —
 a completely new interface and is not compatible with the old class.
 Therefore,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 supports both,
 though it is recommended you use the new class.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This class covers the same functionality as 
\emph on
letter (koma-script),

\emph default
 and a few more.
 The basic items are 
\family sans
Address
\family default
 (receiver's address,
 same as 
\family sans
Letter
\family default
 in the old layout),
 
\family sans
Opening
\family default
,
 and 
\family sans
Closing
\family default
.
 
\family sans
NextAddress
\family default
 will start a new letter (i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

e.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

you can write several letters per document).
 New elements are sender's 
\family sans
E-Mail
\family default
,
 
\family sans
URL
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Fax
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Bank
\family default
 and the possibility to use a 
\family sans
Logo
\family default
 (via 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Graphics
\family default
) in the header.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The biggest improvement is,
 though,
 that the letter's layout is configurable to meet almost any needs.
 This can be done via the preamble or with a special style file (Letter Class Option,
 extension 
\family typewriter
*.lco
\family default
),
 that will be read in as a class option.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
The KOMA package comes with some default 
\family typewriter
*.lco
\family default
 files.
 There is,
 for instance,
 a 
\family typewriter
DIN.lco
\family default
 file that follows german typesetting rules,
 or a 
\family typewriter
KOMAold.lco
\family default
 that provides the default layout of the old 
\family typewriter
scrlettr
\family default
 class.
 The latter can be loaded with the class option 
\family typewriter
KOMAold
\family default
,
 inserted via the 
\family sans
Layout\SpecialChar menuseparator
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Extra Options
\family default
 field.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Have a look at the template in 
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

fro
\bar under
m
\bar default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Template\SpecialChar menuseparator
Letters\SpecialChar menuseparator
KOMA-Script Letter (V.2)
\family default
.
 A detailed description is to be found in the Koma-Script documentation (
\emph on
scrguide
\emph default
).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Problems
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Visualizing the Koma-Script document classes in \SpecialChar LyX
,
 the \SpecialChar LyX
 internals cause some problems.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The chapter number of a 
\family sans
Chapter
\family default
 type appears on a line of its own above the chapter heading instead of appearing in the same line ahead of it.
 The cause for that is the \SpecialChar LyX
 internal behavior for the labeltype 
\family sans
Counter_Chapter
\family default
 in the layout file.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The headings of the types 
\family sans
Addchap
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Addsec
\family default
 are only put in the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

true
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 table of contents,
 but not in the \SpecialChar LyX
 table of contents (
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Table
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

of
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Contents
\family default
).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The paragraphs in a 
\emph on
letter
\emph default
 document class appear in a skip separation mode,
 not indented.
 This is the standard behavior,
 no special \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands are needed for that.
 But in the 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
 dialog the corresponding radio button indicates 
\family sans
Indent
\family default
.
 A 
\family sans
Skip
\family default
 value always has the effect that extra \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands are inserted in the document to produce the gap,
 which is not what is wanted in this case.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Polish-M.W.collection"

\end_inset

Polish M.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

W.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

collection
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
by 
\noun on
Tomasz Luczak
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The \SpecialChar LyX
 document classes 
\emph on
Polish Article (MW Bundle)
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Polish Report (MW Bundle)
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
Polish Book (MW Bundle)
\emph default
 correspond to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 document classes 
\family typewriter
mwart.cls
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter
mwrep.cls
\family default
 and 
\family typewriter
mwbk.cls
\family default
,
 resp.
 They are replacements for the standard document classes 
\family typewriter
article.cls
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter
report.cls
\family default
 and 
\family typewriter
book.cls
\family default
,
 resp.,
 and fit better to Polish typography conventions in a number of points.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Basic differences:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Unnumbered titles (with star,
 e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset


\family sans
Section*
\family default
) are added into table of contents,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Additional page styles:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Description
uheadings header with separated lines,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
myheadings custom header,
 contents headers via commands:
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
markright
\family default
 and 
\family typewriter

\backslash
markboth
\family default
,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
myuheadings custom header with separated lines,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
outer page number is placed on outer side of page
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Options 
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Description
rmheadings serif titles —
 default,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
sfheadings sansserif titles,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
authortitle on title page first placed is author next title —
 default,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
titleauthor on title page first placed is title next author,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
withmarginpar reserve place on page for margins.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Subsection
Tufte Collection
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document classes 
\family sans
Tufte Book
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Tufte Handout
\family default
 use the 
\family typewriter
tufte-book.cls
\family default
 and 
\family typewriter
tufte-handout.cls
\family default
 document classes.
 Detailed information about these document classes can be found in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Books\SpecialChar menuseparator
Tufte Book
\family default
 and 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Handouts\SpecialChar menuseparator
Tufte Handout
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Articles
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
See also the document classes in the Collections (section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Collections"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Astronomy & Astrophysics
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Original by 
\noun on
Peter Sütterlin
\noun default
;
 updated by the \SpecialChar LyX
 Team
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This section describes how \SpecialChar LyX
 can be used to write articles for submission to the scientific journal 
\emph on
Astronomy & Astrophysics
\emph default
 (
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "aa-package"
target "http://ftp.edpsciences.org/pub/aa/aa-package.zip"
literal "false"

\end_inset

) using Version 9.1 of the document class 
\family typewriter
aa.cls
\family default
;
 information about it is available at 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

https://www.aanda.org/for-authors/latex-issues/texnical-background-information
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A manual comes together with the package and should be consulted before installing this document class as described in the 
\emph on
Installing New Document Classe
\emph default
s section of the 
\emph on
Customization
\emph default
 manual.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Please note that the publisher of the journal was changed from Springer to EDP Sciences starting January 1,
 2001.
 That change also involved some slight changes to the style files,
 namely the removal of the thesaurus command.
 If you have an older version installed,
 please upgrade.
 For information about compatibility with the old (version 4) layout,
 please refer to the comments in 
\family typewriter
\SpecialChar LyX
Dir/layouts/aapaper.layout
\family default
.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Getting started
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It is recommended you start from the template in the menu 
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

fro
\bar under
m
\bar default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Template\SpecialChar menuseparator
Articles\SpecialChar menuseparator
Astronomy & Astrophysics
\family default
.
 If you are not using the template,
 note the following settings:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Select 
\family sans
Astronomy & Astrophysics
\family default
 in the 
\family sans
\bar under
D
\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
S
\bar default
ettings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Document
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Class
\family default
 dialog (OK,
 that one was obvious).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Don't change the 
\family sans
Headings
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\bar under
s
\bar default
tyle
\family default
 in the 
\family sans
Page
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Layout
\family default
 dialog:
 leave it set to 
\family sans
Default
\family default
.
 The whole layout is done by the macros,
 you shouldn't change anything.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
The header block
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
First thing to enter is the header information.
 It consists of seven entries,
 of which one is optional.
 They are
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Title
\family default
:
 [required]
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Subtitle
\family default
:
 [optional]
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Author
\family default
:
 [required]
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Address
\family default
:
 [required]
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Offprints
\family default
 [optional].
 Determines to whom correspondence and reprints are to be sent.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Mail
\family default
 [optional] Snail mail address for contacts.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Date
\family default
:
 [required].
 Suggested format is 
\family typewriter
Received:
 <date>;
 Accepted <date>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There is no need to issue the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
maketitle
\family default
 command,
 this is done automatically by \SpecialChar LyX
 when the header is finished.
 Although the order of the single header entries doesn't matter it is advised to keep the above sequence,
 just to get the best optics and meets the layout of the real document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you want to place footnotes in the header block,
 e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

to state your present address,
 just use the standard footnote via the menu 
\family sans
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsert\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
F
\bar default
ootnote.

\family default
 \SpecialChar LyX
 will automagically use the term 
\family typewriter

\backslash
thanks{}
\family default
 in that case.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Under 
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text Style
\family default
,
 you'll find two insets which are relevant for the titling:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Institute
\family typewriter
 
\family default
to mark corresponding author\SpecialChar breakableslash
institute pairs.
 The institutes are numbered sequentially as they appear in the 
\family sans
Address
\family default
 field,
 so you have to put a marker to each author.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Email
\family default
 to supply an email address for fast contact.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In addition to these topics,
 the macros use three additional \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands that have no counterpart in \SpecialChar LyX
:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
and
\family default
 to separate different names for more than one author and institute,
 respectively.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The appropriate command has to be entered as \SpecialChar TeX
 code in \SpecialChar LyX
.
 See the examples in the template and in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Articles\SpecialChar menuseparator
Astronomy & Astrophysics
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
The abstract
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The abstract should immediately follow the header block.
 With version 5 the abstract environment was changed to a command,
 and there is now a restriction to only one paragraph.
 In addition,
 it should contain an entry with the keywords.
 This is done via the paragraph style 
\family sans
Keywords
\family default
.
 Refer to the example paper.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Supported environments
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The A&A paper layout supports the following environments for structuring your text:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Standard
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Section
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Subsection
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Subsubsection
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Itemize
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Enumerate
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Description
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Caption
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Abstract
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Acknowledgment
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Bibliography
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
LaTeX
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Commands not supported by \SpecialChar LyX

\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Some commands are not yet supported by the 
\family sans
Astronomy & Astrophysics
\family default
 layout for \SpecialChar LyX
.
 Some have already been mentioned.
 For the sake of completeness,
 they are listed all together here:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
and
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
authorrunning
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
object{}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
titlerunning{}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you want to use any of these commands,
 you have to enter them yourself.
 Do not forget to use
\family sans
 
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsert\SpecialChar menuseparator
\SpecialChar TeX

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Code
\family default
!
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Figure and Table Floats
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 provides support for the necessary float environments 
\family sans
figure,
 figure*,
 table
\family default
 and 
\family sans
table*
\family default
,
 therefore we won't tell much about it here.
 Refer to the 
\emph on
User's
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Guide
\emph default
.
 Just remember that tables should be left-aligned.
 For that,
 select the table and change the alignment in 
\family sans
\bar under
E
\bar default
dit\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
P
\bar default
aragraph
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Settings
\family default
 (
\begin_inset Info
type  "icon"
arg   "layout-paragraph"
\end_inset

)
\family sans
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There is only one special thing:
 the figures with a caption beside the figure.
 To create such a figure,
 you have to do the following:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Create a wide figure float:
 
\family sans
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Flo
\bar under
a
\bar default
t\SpecialChar menuseparator
Figure
\family default
,
 then,
 from within the float,
 use the menu 
\family sans
\bar under
E
\bar default
dit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Flo
\bar under
a
\bar default
t
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Settings
\family default
 and check 
\family sans
\bar under
S
\bar default
pan
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

columns
\family default
 in the 
\family sans
float
\family default
 dialog.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Enter your caption text.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Press 
\family sans
Return
\family default
 to move the cursor above the caption.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Insert your figure
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Position the cursor after the figure and insert a horizontal fill by using the menu:
 
\family sans
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsert\SpecialChar menuseparator
F
\bar under
o
\bar default
rmatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
H
\bar under
o
\bar default
rizontal
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Space
\family default
 to open the 
\family sans
space
\family default
 dialog and select the 
\family sans
Horizontal fill
\family default
 option from the 
\family sans
\bar under
S
\bar default
pacing
\family default
 context menu.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Switch to \SpecialChar LaTeX
 mode:
 
\family sans
M-c
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

t
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Enter 
\family typewriter

\backslash
parbox[b]{55mm}{
\family default
 
\emph on
Do not close the brace!
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Position the cursor behind the caption text,
 switch to \SpecialChar LaTeX
 mode and insert the closing brace:
 
\family sans
M-c
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

t
\family default
 
\family typewriter
}
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Also,
 refer to the figures in the file in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Articles\SpecialChar menuseparator
Astronomy & Astrophysics
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Referee layout
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For submission,
 the paper has to be formatted in a special double-spacing layout.
 For this purpose,
 you have to add the option 
\family typewriter
referee
\family default
 to the 
\family sans
Cus
\bar under
t
\bar default
om Class
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

options
\family default
 in the 
\family sans
\bar under
D
\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
S
\bar default
ettings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Document
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Class
\family default
 dialog.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
The example paper
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The example in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Articles\SpecialChar menuseparator
Astronomy & Astrophysics
\family default
 was written with \SpecialChar LyX
.
 It is the example paper from the original macro package,
 
\family typewriter
aa.dem
\family default
 in the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "aa-package"
target "http://ftp.edpsciences.org/pub/aa/aa-package.zip"
literal "false"

\end_inset

,
 but translated to \SpecialChar LyX
 using the older unstructured abstract type.
 Use it for inspiration,
 and compare the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code in 
\family typewriter
aa.dem
\family default
 with the \SpecialChar LyX
 way of writing.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
AAS\SpecialChar TeX

\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
by 
\noun on
Mike Ressler
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 is a set of macros produced by the American Astronomical Society to facilitate electronic manuscript submission to the three journals they publish:
 the Astrophysical Journal (including the Letters and Supplement),
 the Astronomical Journal,
 and the Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 has proven to be an excellent tool for generating these documents,
 especially given its equation,
 citation,
 and figure handling capabilities.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 requires version 5.0 (or higher) of these macros;
 preferably 6.0,
 which is the version described here,
 or higher.
 Versions prior to 5.0 are intended for use with \SpecialChar LaTeX
2.09 and are fundamentally incompatible with \SpecialChar LyX
.
 The AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 package may be downloaded from the AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 Web site
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

https://aas.org/aastex/aastex-downloads
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A complete user guide is contained in that package and you should familiarize yourself with it thoroughly before embarking on writing a paper in \SpecialChar LyX
.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 will not reduce the need to figure out all the AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 commands,
 it will only reduce the drudgery of typing everything in.
 It is your responsibility to ensure that the final exported \SpecialChar LaTeX
 document conforms completely to the requirements of the journal to which you are submitting your paper.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Starting a New Paper
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
I strongly suggest that you start with the AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 template file.
 Click on 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
New from
\family default
 
\family sans
Template\SpecialChar menuseparator
Articles\SpecialChar menuseparator
American Astronomical Society
\family default
.
 This will show the most common fields found in a manuscript.
 Simply overwrite the existing text (including the brackets,
 
\family typewriter
<>
\family default
) with the correct information.
 Many of the AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 commands and environments can be implemented directly in \SpecialChar LyX
,
 but some cannot.
 For commands such as these,
 the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code must be entered directly and marked as such.
 Such commands are referred to as \SpecialChar TeX
 code,
 or Evil Red Text.
 I tried to minimize the amount of \SpecialChar TeX
 code needed in an AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Finishing Your Paper
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When the paper is finished to your satisfaction and previews/prints correctly,
 there are a few 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

postprocessing
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 actions which need to be done before you submit it to the journals.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Export your paper as a \SpecialChar LaTeX
 file (
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
\SpecialChar LaTeX

\family default
).
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Edit the resulting 
\family typewriter
.tex
\family default
 file with your favorite text editor
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
remove the comment lines before the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
documentclass
\family default
 command
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
remove the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
usepackage...{fontenc}
\family default
 line if it appears (usually just after 
\family typewriter

\backslash
documentclass
\family default
};
 also remove the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
secnumdepth
\family default
 line if it appears.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
remove everything between (and including) the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
makeatletter
\family default
 and 
\family typewriter

\backslash
makeatother
\family default
 commands,
 except for any commands you specifically put into the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 preamble (which should appear immediately after the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

User specified \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 comment in the 
\family typewriter
.tex
\family default
 file).
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
Run the resulting file through \SpecialChar LaTeX
 to make sure it still processes correctly.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Reread the journal requirements to make sure your filenames and formats are correct.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Submit it.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Comments On Specific Commands
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
I will not describe the detailed usage of the individual AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 commands:
 the AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 User Guide (
\family typewriter
aasguide.tex
\family default
) gives a good description of each.
 Thus it's probably easiest for me to go down the list as found in the guide and offer comments where necessary.
 So let's begin \SpecialChar ldots

\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Things that work as expected
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Because they work as you might expect,
 I simply list them and the section they are found in:
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
documentclass
\family default
 (2.1.1),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
begin{document}
\family default
 (2.2),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
title
\family default
 (2.3),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
author
\family default
 (2.3),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
affil
\family default
 (2.3),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
abstract
\family default
 (2.4),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
keywords
\family default
 (2.5),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
section
\family default
 (2.7),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
subsection
\family default
 (2.7),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
subsubsection
\family default
 (2.7),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
paragraph
\family default
 (2.7),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
facility
\family default
 (2.10),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
begin{displaymath}
\family default
 (2.12),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
begin{equation}
\family default
 (2.12),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
begin{eqnarray}
\family default
 (2.12),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
begin{mathletters}
\family default
 (2.12),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
begin{thebibliography}
\family default
 (2.13.1),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
bibitem
\family default
 (2.13.2),
 all the cite commands and their variations (2.13.2),
 the generic graphicx figure commands (2.14.1),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
begin{table}
\family default
 (2.15.4),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
begin{tabular}
\family default
 (2.15.4),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
caption
\family default
 (2.15.4),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
label
\family default
 (2.15.4,
 amongst other places),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
tablerefs
\family default
 (2.15.5),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
tablecomments
\family default
 (2.15.5),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
url
\family default
 (2.17.4),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
end{document}
\family default
 (2.18).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following style options also work correctly:
 
\family typewriter
longabstract
\family default
 (2.4),
 
\family typewriter
preprint
\family default
 (3.2.1),
 
\family typewriter
preprint2
\family default
 (3.2.2),
 
\family typewriter
eqsecnum
\family default
 (3.3),
 
\family typewriter
flushrt
\family default
 (3.4).
 Simply put them in the 
\family sans
Options
\family default
 box in 
\family sans
Layout\SpecialChar menuseparator
Document
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Things that work,
 but require more comment
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following items work,
 but require a little more discussion:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
These items are reserved for use by the journal editors,
 but you can put them into the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 preamble if you feel compelled to do so:
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
received
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
revised
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
accepted
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
ccc
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
cpright
\family default
 (all from 2.1.3)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
These items may be placed in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 preamble,
 and are included as blanks in the template file:
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
slugcomment
\family default
 (2.1.4),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
shorttitle
\family default
 (2.1.5),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
shortauthors
\family default
 (2.1.5)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
email
\family default
 (2.3) – can only be used 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

standalone
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 not in the middle of a paragraph.
 Use \SpecialChar TeX
 code if you need to embed it.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
and
\family default
 (2.3) – will have extra {} after it.
 This should not cause an error.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
notetoeditor
\family default
 (2.6) – can only be used 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

standalone
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 not in the middle of a paragraph.
 Use \SpecialChar TeX
 code if you need to embed it.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
placetable
\family default
 (2.8) – can't insert a cross-reference tag,
 you must type the tag name by hand
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
placefigure
\family default
 (2.8) – same as for 
\family typewriter

\backslash
placetable
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
acknowledgements
\family default
 (2.9) – will have extra {} after it.
 This should not cause an error.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
appendix
\family default
 (2.11) – will have extra {} after it.
 This should not cause an error.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
figcaption
\family default
 (2.14.2) – you can insert an optional filename argument by placing the cursor at the beginning of the text and selecting 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Short Title
\family default
.
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Short Title
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 inserts an optional argument of the type needed by 
\family typewriter

\backslash
figcaption
\family default
.
 Hopefully it will be renamed someday.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
objectname
\family default
 (2.17.1) – same as 
\family typewriter

\backslash
figcaption
\family default
 for the catalog ID optional parameter
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter

\backslash
dataset
\family default
 (2.17.1) – same as 
\family typewriter

\backslash
figcaption
\family default
 for the catalog ID optional parameter
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Things not implemented,
 use \SpecialChar TeX
 code
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family typewriter

\backslash
eqnum
\family default
 (2.12),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
setcounter{equation}
\family default
 (2.12),
 Journal name abbreviations (2.13.4),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
figurenum
\family default
 (2.14.1),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
epsscale
\family default
 (2.14.1),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
plotone
\family default
 (2.14.1),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
plottwo
\family default
 (2.14.1),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
tablenum
\family default
 (2.15.4),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
tableline
\family default
 (2.15.4,
 insert it as the first element in the lefthand cell after where you want it.
 Don't use any of \SpecialChar LyX
's rules in the table),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
tablenotemark
\family default
 (2.15.5),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
tablenotetext
\family default
 (2.15.5),
 much of Misc (2.17,
 except 
\family typewriter

\backslash
objectname
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
dataset
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
url
\family default
,
 and 
\family typewriter

\backslash
email
\family default
;
 see above),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
singlespace
\family default
 (3.1),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
doublespace
\family default
 (3.1),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
onecolumn
\family default
 (3.2),
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
twocolumn
\family default
 (3.2)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Things that cannot be implemented
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar ldots
 at least in any meaningful sort of way,
 so I suggest ignoring them.
 They are the references environment (2.13.3),
 and the deluxetable environment (2.15).
 If you really,
 really need to use deluxetable,
 I suggest editing it in a separate file with a text editor,
 then using 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Child
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Document
\family default
 to include it in your \SpecialChar LyX
 document.
 See 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Articles\SpecialChar menuseparator
American Astronomical Society
\family default
 for an example of this.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
FAQs,
 Tips,
 Tricks,
 and Other Ruminations
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Getting \SpecialChar LyX
 and AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 to cooperate
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It can be a bit tricky to get \SpecialChar LyX
 to recognize a new layout and document class.
 When all else fails,
 do this:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Make certain that \SpecialChar LaTeX
 can find AAS\SpecialChar TeX
.
 Copy sample.tex (and perhaps table.tex) from the AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 distribution into a directory completely unrelated to \SpecialChar LaTeX
 or AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 and run \SpecialChar LaTeX
 on 
\family typewriter
sample.tex
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Make certain that 
\family typewriter
aastex.layout
\family default
 appears in \SpecialChar LyX
's 
\family typewriter
layouts
\family default
 folder
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Rerun 
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Reconfigure
\family default
 in \SpecialChar LyX
,
 then restart \SpecialChar LyX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Open a regular new file,
 not from a template.
 Does 
\family sans
American Astronomical Society (AASTeX V.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

6)
\family default
 appear in the class list in 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you get a warning from an existing AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 document about not being able to find the AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 layout or a message about 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

You should not mix title layouts with normal ones
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 things haven't been installed correctly.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
\SpecialChar LaTeX
 error processing a table 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
,
 by default,
 attempts to center the table caption/title.
 This seems to produce a bad interaction in AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 so you should click somewhere in the caption/title,
 then select 
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Paragraph
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Settings
\family default
,
 then set the 
\family sans
Alignment
\family default
 to 
\family sans
Block
\family default
.
 This took care of it for me.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
References
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A couple of things:
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
I have noticed some funny spacing in the reference entries in the text.
 When you enter the bibliography item data,
 make sure their is 
\emph on
no
\emph default
 space between the last author and the parenthesis setting off the year;
 
\emph on
e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset


\emph default
type 
\family typewriter
Ressler(1992)
\family default
,
 not 
\family typewriter
Ressler (1992)
\family default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Entering the references at all is not obvious.
 The easiest thing is to start typing your first reference at the end of the document,
 then mark it as type 
\family sans
References
\family default
.
 That will put a small gray box in front of what you just typed.
 Click on the box to fill in the rest of the information.
 For new references,
 go to the end of an existing reference and press return.
 That will create a new line with its own box,
 etc.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Including EPS files
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Even though AAS\SpecialChar TeX
 provides its own figure commands (
\family typewriter

\backslash
plotone
\family default
,
 for example),
 I much prefer \SpecialChar LaTeX
's standard figure commands (with the default graphicx).
 You can insert the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
plotone
\family default
,
 etc.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

commands as \SpecialChar TeX
 code into a Figure Float box if you desire,
 but I never have much luck getting the layout right.
 With the standard graphics,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 will insert a 
\family typewriter

\backslash
usepackage{graphicx}
\family default
 command into the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 preamble and handle the figures in the standard \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
 way,
 interspersing the figures in the text.
 I believe ApJ accepts figures exactly this way now;
 AJ might still use the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

stack everything at the end
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 technique.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Things I could have done,
 but didn't
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are a few 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

pretty
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 things I could have implemented,
 but chose not to.
 For instance,
 I saw no point in double-spacing the text in the \SpecialChar LyX
 window,
 even though it is double-spaced in the paper manuscript.
 Also,
 I chose not to make separate layouts for the preprint and preprint2 styles.
 Since I assume you will spend most of your time in the plain manuscript mode anyway,
 I decided not to chew up more disk space with this.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Final Caveat
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Your mileage may vary.
 I've now had papers published by both ApJ and AJ that have had 98% of the effort done in \SpecialChar LyX
;
 the last 2% was the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 post-processing and a few cleanups.
 I have had no trouble with the submission process,
 and I'm sure the journals were never aware that there might be a difference.
 So,
 go forth and publish!
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Chess
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
Chess
\family default
 uses the standard article document class together with the package 
\family sans
lyxskak
\family default
 to facilitate the description of chess games.
 See 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Articles\SpecialChar menuseparator
Chess
\family default
 where you will find 
\family sans
Game 1
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Game 2
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Elsevier
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
Elsevier
\family default
 provides support for the 
\family typewriter
elsarticle
\family default
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 class for journals in the Elsevier publishing house.
 This provides the following additional environments:
 
\family sans
Title
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

footnote
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Author
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

footnote
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Corresponding
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

author
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Address
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Email
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Keywords
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A template is available in the menu 
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

fro
\bar under
m
\bar default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Template\SpecialChar menuseparator
Articles\SpecialChar menuseparator
Elsevier
\family default
.
 It has been customized with further environments and contains all the information you may need.
 However,
 the documentation is also available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/elsarticle/doc/elsdoc.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Paper
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
Paper (Standard Class)
\family default
 provides an alternative to the 
\family sans
Article (Standard Class)
\family default
 document class.
 It provides similar functionality,
 but you might prefer this layout with sans serif sections,
 headings,
 and more.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Rev\SpecialChar TeX
4
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
by 
\noun on
Amir Karger
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
The 
\family sans
RevTeX (V.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

4)
\family default
 textclass works with the American Physical Sociey's Rev\SpecialChar TeX
 4.0 (the 
\begin_inset Formula $\beta$
\end_inset

 release of May,
 1999) class.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 has a 
\family sans
REVTeX (obsolete)
\family default
 textclass,
 which works with Rev\SpecialChar TeX
 3.1.
 However,
 v3.1 is basically obsolete,
 as it works with \SpecialChar LaTeX
 2.09.
 That means that it doesn't interact very well with \SpecialChar LyX
,
 which requires \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
,
 although it has been kludged to work.
 Since Rev\SpecialChar TeX
 4.0 has been designed to work much more cleanly with \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 with the 
\family sans
Revtex
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

4TeX (V.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

4)
\family default
 textclass should also be pretty easy to use.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
These documents are supposed to be used in 
\emph on
addition
\emph default
 to the Rev\SpecialChar TeX
 4.0 documents,
 so we don't describe any of the special Rev\SpecialChar TeX
 macros,
 and assume you'll know what to put in the preamble if necessary.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Installation
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
All you need to do is install Rev\SpecialChar TeX
 4,
 as described in the package's README file.
 The package can be found at The Rev\SpecialChar TeX
 4 Web Site 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Install it somewhere that \SpecialChar LaTeX
 can see it.
 Test it by trying to \SpecialChar LaTeX
 a short Rev\SpecialChar TeX
 4 document in some random directory (i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

e.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

not the directory where you installed the class file.) Then,
 if you reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
,
 it will find the class file and let you use the Rev\SpecialChar TeX
4 textclass.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Probably the easiest way to get started is either to import a Rev\SpecialChar TeX
 4 document using 
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
,
 or to use the 
\family sans
Revtex
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

4
\family default
 template,
 found in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
New From Templates\SpecialChar menuseparator
Articles
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Preamble Matter
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Optional arguments to 
\family typewriter

\backslash
documentclass
\family default
,
 like 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

preprint
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

aps
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 go in the 
\family sans
Extra
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Options
\family default
 field in the 
\family sans
Document
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Layout
\family default
 dialog,
 as usual.
 Remember that in Rev\SpecialChar TeX
,
 at least one optional argument is required!
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Other preamble matter,
 like 
\family typewriter

\backslash
draft
\family default
 etc.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

goes in the 
\family sans
\SpecialChar LaTeX

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Preamble
\family default
 dialog,
 also as usual.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Layouts
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The layouts basically correspond to the commands in Rev\SpecialChar TeX
4.0.
 For example,
 the Email layout corresponds to 
\family typewriter

\backslash
email{}
\family default
.
 Note that (at least as of Rev\SpecialChar TeX
 4.0 Beta),
 the 
\family sans
Address
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Affiliation
\family default
 layouts are exactly equivalent,
 so you shouldn't need to use both.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
In case you're curious,
 both were included so that 
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
 would be able to translate both 
\family typewriter

\backslash
address
\family default
 and 
\family typewriter

\backslash
affiliation
\family default
.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Important Notes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are a couple of important unique aspects of Rev\SpecialChar TeX
 4 which might cause bugs that will be even more confusing in \SpecialChar LyX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In Rev\SpecialChar TeX
,
 the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
thanks
\family default
 command goes 
\emph on
outside
\emph default
 the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
author
\family default
 command.
 The \SpecialChar LyX
 equivalent is that there is a separate Thanks layout.
 Do 
\emph on
not
\emph default
 write footnotes in the 
\family sans
Author
\family default
 layout,
 or weird things may happen.
 See the Rev\SpecialChar TeX
 4 documentation for more details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Also,
 the 
\family sans
Author
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Email
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Author
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

URL
\family default
,
 and 
\family sans
Thanks
\family default
 layouts must be placed 
\emph on
in between
\emph default
 the 
\family sans
Author
\family default
 layout and the corresponding 
\family sans
Address
\family default
 (or equivalent 
\family sans
Affiliation
\family default
) layout.
 If you put the 
\family sans
Thanks
\family default
 after the 
\family sans
Address
\family default
,
 the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 won't compile.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Springer Journals
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
All the 
\family sans
svj*
\family default
 classes were replaced with a completely new class,
 
\family sans
sn-jnl.cls
\family default
.
 Please find information at 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors/campaigns/latex-author-support
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Native \SpecialChar LyX
 support is not available yet.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Books
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
See also the document classes in the Collections (section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Collections"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Memoir
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
By 
\noun on
Jürgen Spitzmüller
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Overview
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Memoir is a very powerful and constantly evolving class.
 It has been designed with regard to fictional and non-fictional literature.
 Its aim is to let the user have maximum control over the typesetting of his document.
 Memoir is based on the standard book class,
 but it can also emulate the article class (see below).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Peter Wilson,
 the developer of Memoir,
 is known as the author of lots of useful packages in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 world.
 Most of them have been merged with Memoir.
 Therefore,
 it is much easier to layout the table of contents,
 appendices,
 chapter designs and such.
 \SpecialChar LyX
,
 though,
 does not support all of these goodies natively.
 Some of them might be added to forthcoming releases
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
You are invited to send suggestions to 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 lots will probably never be supported,
 due to the limitations of \SpecialChar LyX
's framework.
 Of course you can still use all features with the help of some native \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands (\SpecialChar TeX
 code
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Cf.
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
 
\end_layout

\end_inset

section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Inserting-TeX-Code"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

 for details.
\end_layout

\end_inset

).
 In this section,
 we can only list those features that are natively supported by \SpecialChar LyX
.
 For detailed descriptions (and for the rest of features) we recommend you have a look at the detailed manual of the Memoir class
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Cf.
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
 
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

CTAN:/macros/latex/memoir/memman.pdf
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 which is not only a user guide for the class,
 but also both a comprehensive description on good typesetting and a superb example for good typesetting itself.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Basic features and restrictions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Memoir supports basically all features of the standard book classes.
 There are,
 however,
 some differences,
 as follows:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Font
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

sizes:
 Memoir has a broader range of font sizes:
 9,
 10,
 11,
 12,
 14,
 17
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Page
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

style:
 The fancy page style is not supported,
 due to a command clash between Memoir and the fancyhdr package (they both define a command with the same name,
 which confuses \SpecialChar LaTeX
).
 Instead,
 Memoir comes with a number of its own page styles (see 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Page
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Style
\family default
).
 If you want to use these for the chapter pages,
 you have to use the command 
\family typewriter

\backslash
chapterstyle
\family default
 in the main text or in preamble (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
chapterstyle{companion}
\family default
).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Sectioning:
 Sectionings (chapter,
 section,
 subsection etc.) come with an optional argument in the standard classes.
 With this,
 you can specify an alternative version of the title for the table of contents and the headers (for instance,
 if the title is too long).
 In \SpecialChar LyX
,
 you can do this via 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Short
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Title
\family default
 at the beginning of a chapter/section.
 Memoir features a second optional argument and thus separates the table of contents from the header.
 You can define three variants of a title with this:
 one for the main text,
 one for the table of contents,
 and one for the headers.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 makes these available in form of specific 
\family sans
Short Title
\family default
 variants in the 
\family sans
Insert
\family default
 menu.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
TOC/LOT/LOF:
 In the standard classes (and in many other classes),
 the table of contents,
 the list of figures and the list of table start a new page automatically.
 Memoir does not follow this route.
 You have to insert a page break yourself,
 if you want to have one.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Titlepage:
 For some unknown reason,
 Memoir uses pagination on the title page (in the standard classes,
 title pages are 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

empty
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

).
 If you want an empty title page,
 type 
\family typewriter

\backslash
aliaspagestyle{title}{empty}
\family default
 in the preamble.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Article:
 With the class option 
\emph on
article
\emph default
 (to be inserted in 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Class Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Options
\family default
),
 you can emulate article style.
 That is,
 counters (footnotes,
 figures,
 tables etc.) will not be reset on new chapters,
 chapters don't start a new page (but are—
in contrary to 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

real
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 article classes—
still allowed),
 parts,
 though,
 use their own page,
 as in book.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Oldfontcommands:
 By default,
 Memoir does not allow the use of the deprecated font commands,
 which have been used in the old \SpecialChar LaTeX
 version 2.09 (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
rm
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
it
\family default
).
 It produces an error and stops \SpecialChar LaTeX
 whenever such a command appears.
 The class option 
\emph on
oldfontcommands
\emph default
 reallows the commands and spits out warnings instead (which does at least not stop \SpecialChar LaTeX
).
 Since a lot of packages and particularly Bib\SpecialChar TeX
 style files are still using those commands,
 we have decided to use this option by default.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Extra features
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
We will only describe the features supported by \SpecialChar LyX
 (which is not much currently).
 Please consult the Memoir manual
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Cf.
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
 
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

CTAN:/macros/latex/memoir/memman.pdf
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 for details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Abstract:
 You may wonder why an abstract is an extra feature.
 Well,
 it is in book class.
 Usually books don't have abstracts.
 Memoir,
 however,
 has.
 You can use it wherever and how often you like.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Chapterprecis:
 You may know this older typesetting style:
 The contents of a chapter are summarized below the title and also in the table of contents (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset


\emph on
Our hero arrives in Troia;
 he loses some friends;
 he finds others
\emph default
).
 Chapterprecis does exactly this.
 It is therefore only sensible below a chapter.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Epigraph:
 An epigraph is a smart slogan or motto at the beginning of a chapter.
 The epigraph environment provides an elegant way of typesetting such a motto.
 The motto itself (text) and its (optional) author (source) are divided by a short line.
 The author (source) can be inserted via 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Epigraph Source
\family default
\emph on
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Poemtitle:
 Memoir has lots of possibilities to typeset poetry (up to very complex figurative poems).
 \SpecialChar LyX
 can only support a few of them.
 One is poemtitle,
 which is a centered title for poems,
 which will also be added to the table of contents (verse is the standard environment for poems.
 Memoir has some enhanced versions of verse,
 but you need to use \SpecialChar TeX
 code,
 because they have to be nested inside regular verse environments,
 which is not possible with \SpecialChar LyX
).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Poemtitle*:
 Same as poemtitle,
 but it adds no entry to the table of contents.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Recipe Book
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
Recipe Book
\family default
 uses the 
\family sans
KOMA-Script Book
\family default
 document class but adds two environments:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Recipe a numbered section environment at the 
\family typewriter
Subsubsection
\family default
 level which generates a bold centered heading above a double horizontal rule
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Ingredients a 
\family typewriter
Description
\family default
 environment where 
\series bold
\emph on
Ingredients
\series default
\emph default
 are what are being described and the environment ends with a horizontal rule.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Books\SpecialChar menuseparator
Recipe Book
\family default
 illustrates its use.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The class is designed for typesetting one or two recipes per page.
 The hyperlinked table of contents (ToC) and page numbers make browsing recipes convenient.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Curricula vitae
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Europass (2013)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
Europass (2013)
\family default
 provides the 
\family typewriter
europasscv.cls
\family default
 document class,
 an unofficial implementation of the ‘Europass CV’ recommended by the European Commission in 2013.
 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Curricula Vitae\SpecialChar menuseparator
Europass (2013)
\family default
 offers guidance on its use.
 Its documentation is available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/europasscv/europasscv.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Europe CV
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
Europe CV
\family default
 provides the 
\family typewriter
europecv.cls
\family default
 document class,
 an unofficial implementation of the “Europass CV” recommended by the European Commission in 2002.
 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Curricula Vitae\SpecialChar menuseparator
Europe CV
\family default
 offers guidance on its use.
 Its documentation is available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/europecv/europecv.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Modern CV
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
Modern CV
\family default
 provides the 
\family typewriter
moderncv.cls
\family default
 document class.
 This allows the creation of customizable CVs.
 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Curricula Vitae\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modern CV
\family default
 offers guidance on its use.
 Its documentation is available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/moderncv/manual/moderncv_userguide.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Simple CV
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
Simple CV
\family default
 provides the 
\family typewriter
simplecv.cls
\family default
 document class,
 originally developed for use with \SpecialChar LyX
.
 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Curricula Vitae\SpecialChar menuseparator
Simple CV
\family default
 offers guidance on its use.
 Its documentation is available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/simplecv/simplecv.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Letters
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
See also the 
\family sans
KOMA-Script Letter (V.
 2)
\family default
 (section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:The-new-letter"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

) and 
\family sans
Letter (Standard Class with Extra Font Sizes)
\family default
 (section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Extra-font-sizes"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

) document classes .
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
DIN-Brief
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
DIN-Brief
\family default
 provides support for the 
\family typewriter
dinbrief.cls
\family default
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 class for writing letters according to the standards of the German Standards Institute (
\emph on
Deutsches Institut für Normung,
 DIN)
\emph default
.
 The file in the menu 
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

fro
\bar under
m
\bar default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Template\SpecialChar menuseparator
Letters\SpecialChar menuseparator
DIN-Brief
\family default
 offers guidance on its use.
 The documentation is available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/dinbrief/liesmich"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
French letter
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

(frletter)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
French letter
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

(frletter)
\family default
 provides support for the 
\family typewriter
frletter.cls
\family default
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 class for writing letters according to French conventions.
 The file in the menu 
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

fro
\bar under
m
\bar default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Template\SpecialChar menuseparator
Letters\SpecialChar menuseparator
French letter
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

(frletter)
\family default
 offers guidance on its use.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
French letter
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

(lettre)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
French letter
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

(lettre)
\family default
 provides support for 
\family typewriter
lettre.cls
\family default
,
 another \SpecialChar LaTeX
 class for writing letters,
 but also faxes and envelopes,
 in French.
 The file in the menu 
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

fro
\bar under
m
\bar default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Template\SpecialChar menuseparator
Letters\SpecialChar menuseparator
French letter
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

(lettre)
\family default
 offers guidance on its use.
 The documentation is available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/lettre/lettre.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
G-Brief (V.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

2)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
G-Brief (V.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

2)
\family default
 provides support for the 
\family typewriter
g-brief2.cls
\family default
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 class for writing letters in German.
 The file in the menu 
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

fro
\bar under
m
\bar default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Template\SpecialChar menuseparator
Letters\SpecialChar menuseparator
G-Brief (V.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

2)
\family default
 offers guidance on its use.
 The documentation is available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/g-brief/g-brief.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Presentations
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Beamer
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
Beamer
\family default
 uses the 
\family typewriter
beamer.cls
\family default
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 class for creating presentations.
 The file in the menu 
\family sans
\bar under
F
\bar default
ile\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

fro
\bar under
m
\bar default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Template\SpecialChar menuseparator
Presentations\SpecialChar menuseparator
Beamer
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator
Beamer Presentations
\family default
 offers guidance on its use.
 The documentation is available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/doc/beameruserguide.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection

\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default

\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:foiltex"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Original by 
\noun on
Allan Rae
\noun default
;
 updated by the \SpecialChar LyX
 Team
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 uses the 
\family typewriter
foils.cls
\family default
 document class to make slides for overhead projectors.
 There are two document classes that can do this:
 the 
\family sans
Slides
\family default
 document class (section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:slitex"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

) and the 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 slides class.
 As of 2023 the former has continued to be maintained whereas 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 has not been maintained since 2008.
 This section documents the latter.
 If your machine doesn’t have the 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 document class installed,
 you’ll probably have to use the 
\family sans
Slides
\family default
 document class.
 If you want to install the 
\family typewriter
foils.cls
\family default
 document class,
 it is available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "https://www.ctan.org/pkg/foiltex"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
 You should also read the 
\emph on
Installing New Document Classes
\emph default
 chapter of the 
\emph on
Customization
\emph default
 manual.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Getting Started
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Obviously,
 to use this document class,
 you need to select 
\family sans
FoilTeX
\family default
 from the 
\family sans
Class
\family default
 entry in the 
\family sans
Document
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Layout
\family default
 dialog.
 There are some settings in the 
\family sans
Document
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Layout
\family default
 dialog that you should know about that are specific to this class:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Don't change the options 
\family sans
Sides
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Columns
\family default
 on the 
\family sans
Document
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Layout
\family default
 dialog.
 They're ignored by the 
\family sans
foils
\family default
 class.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The default font size is 20
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

pt with the other options being 17
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

pt,
 25
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

pt and 30
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

pt.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The default font is 
\family sans
sans
\family default
 
\family sans
serif
\family default
 but all math equations are still typeset in the usual roman font.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 supports A4 and Letter paper sizes as well as a special size for working with 35
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

mm slides.
 It doesn't support A5,
 B5,
 legal or executive paper sizes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Don't bother changing the 
\family sans
Float Placement
\family default
 settings because they are ignored anyway.
 All floats appear where they are defined in the text.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The 
\family sans
Pagestyle
\family default
 setting behaves a bit differently for this class.
 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 provides extensive footer and header capabilities including a user-defined logo.
 See section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:foilfoot"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

 for more details.
 The title page is treated differently to all other pages in the document and is 
\emph on
always
\emph default
 unnumbered and 
\emph on
always
\emph default
 has the logo centered at the bottom of the page (if one is defined).
 The possible page style choices and what they do are as follows:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM

\family sans
\series bold
empty
\family default
\series default
 The final output contains no page numbers,
 or other headers or footers (except footnotes of course).
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM

\family sans
\series bold
plain
\family default
\series default
 The final output contains page numbers centered at the bottom of the page.
 No other headings or footers (other than footnotes).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM

\series bold
foilheadings
\series default
 Page numbers in lower right corner.
 Additional headers and footers are also shown.
 This is also the default.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM

\series bold
fancy
\series default
 Gives you access to the 
\family sans
fancyheadings
\family default
 package although its use with 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 is discouraged by the writer of the 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 package because of some potential page layout clashes.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Paragraph
Extra Options
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following options may be used in the extra class options in the 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
 dialog.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx

\series bold
35mmSlide
\series default
 This sets up the page layout for 7.33
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

in by 11
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

in paper,
 which is about the same aspect ratio as a 35
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

mm slide,
 making it a bit easier to work with this medium.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx

\series bold
headrule
\series default
 Places a rule across the page below the header on every page except the title page.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx

\series bold
footrule
\series default
 Places a rule across the page above the footer on every page except the title page.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx

\series bold
dvips
\series default
 This is automatically set each time you create a new 
\family sans
foils
\family default
 document.
 This option tells 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 to use the dvips driver to rotate those pages that are set as landscape foils.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx

\series bold
landscape
\series default
 Simply changes the page dimensions to those of a landscape page but doesn't do any rotation.
 Thus if you use this option you need to use an external program to rotate each page or feed your paper through your printer as landscape.
 Note that this option effectively reverses the roles of the 
\family sans
Foilhead
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Rotatefoilhead
\family default
 environments (don't worry these are described in the next section).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx

\series bold
leqno
\series default
 Equation numbers on the left.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMx

\series bold
fleqn
\series default
 Flush-left equations.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Supported Environments
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Most of the environments commonly supported in other classes are also supported by the 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 class.
 There are several additional environments provided by 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 as well as a couple added by \SpecialChar LyX
.
 The following environments are shared with other classes:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Standard
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Itemize
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Enumerate
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Description
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
List
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
\SpecialChar LyX
-Code
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Verse
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Quote
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Quotation
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Title
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Author
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Date
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Abstract
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Bibliography
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Address
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
RightAddress
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
That is,
 all the major environments apart from the sectioning environments.
 Since foils are essentially self-contained sections,
 with a title and body,
 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 provides specific commands for starting new foils and these are:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Foilhead
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Rotatefoilhead
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 also provides slightly modified versions of these two environments called:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
ShortFoilhead
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
ShortRotatefoilhead
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
and the differences will be explained in the next section.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Since foils are often used in presenting ideas or new theorems and such 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 also provides a comprehensive box of goodies for presenting them:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Theorem
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Lemma
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Corollary
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Proposition
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Definition
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Proof
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Theorem*
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Lemma*
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Corollary*
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Proposition*
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Definition*
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The starred versions are unnumbered while the unstarred versions are numbered.
 There are also two list environments added by \SpecialChar LyX
 and these are:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
TickList
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
CrossList
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 provides some powerful header and footer capabilities that are best set in the preamble although they may be set at any point in a document.
 If you want to change these settings in your document the best place to do so is at the very top of a foil,
 i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

e.
\emph on

\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset


\emph default
straight after the foilhead.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For this purpose,
 the following command styles are provided [
\shape smallcaps
Martin Vermeer
\shape default
]:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
My
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Logo
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Restriction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Right
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Footer
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Right
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Header
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Left
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Header
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are also a few commands provided by 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 that aren't directly supported by \SpecialChar LyX
 but I'll tell you what they do and how to use them in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:unsuppfoils"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Building a Set of Foils
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This section will give a simple introduction to using the different environments to build a set of foils.
 If you want to see an example set of foils,
 take a look at 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Presentations\SpecialChar menuseparator
Foils
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Give It a Title Page
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Unlike other classes that provide 
\family sans
Title
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Author
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Date
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Abstract
\family default
 environments,
 
\family sans
\lang ngerman
FoilTeX
\family default
\lang english
 creates the title on a page of its own.
 If you leave out the 
\family sans
Date
\family default
 environment \SpecialChar LaTeX
 will substitute the current date (every time you regenerate the output).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Start a New Foil
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As I mentioned earlier,
 there are four ways of starting a new foil.
 For portrait foils you should use 
\family sans
Foilhead
\family default
 or 
\family sans
ShortFoilhead.

\family default
 The difference between these two environments is the amount of space between the title of the foil (the foilhead) and the body of the foil.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Landscape foils are generated using the 
\family sans
Rotatefoilhead
\family default
 and 
\family sans
ShortRotatefoilhead
\family default
 environments.
 Again the only difference is the spacing between foilhead and body.
 Both of the short versions have 0.5
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

inches less separation between the foilhead and the body.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
One problem with the support for landscape foils is the requirement that you have to use the 
\family typewriter
dvips
\family default
 driver to generate the PostScript output otherwise the foils won't be rotated.
 It is possible to get landscape foils even if you haven't got the 
\family typewriter
dvips
\family default
 driver provided you can feed your foils sideways through your printer ;-)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Theorems,
 Lemmas,
 Proofs and more
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can't have two of the same type of these environments directly following each other.
 If you use a normal paragraph break,
 ,
 you will just be extending the previous environment as if you had merged the two environments together.
 Rather than that,
 you need to insert a so-called separator.
 Please refer to the section entitled 
\emph on
Separate Nestings
\emph default
 in the 
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Lists
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You get all the commonly supported list styles found in other classes as well as two new ones.
 I'll only describe the new ones here.
 If you want to find out more about the other list environments check out the 
\emph on
User's Guide.

\emph default
 If you intend to use itemized lists you might also want to read about the 
\family sans
Itemize
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Bullet
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Selection
\family default
 dialog described above in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "chap:bullets"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The two new list styles,
 
\family sans
TickList
\family default
 and 
\family sans
CrossList
\family default
,
 are designed to make it easier for you to create lists of do's and don'ts or right and wrong by providing dedicated environments that use a tick or a cross as the label of the list.
 These lists are in fact dedicated variants of the 
\family sans
Itemize
\family default
 environment.
 They do however require that you have the 
\family typewriter
psnfss
\family default
 packages installed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Figures and Tables
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 redefines the floating tables and figures so that they appear exactly where they are in the text rather than pushing them to the top of the page or to some user specified location.
 In fact if you change the float placement settings they are simply ignored.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Page Headers and Footers
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:foilfoot"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
My
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Logo
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Restriction
\family default
 are two commands used to control the left-footer text string.
 The first is meant to allow you to include a graphic logo on your foils and defaults to 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

-Typeset by 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
-
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 While the second is meant to provide a classification for the audience,
 
\emph on
e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\emph default

\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

Confidential.
 It is empty by default.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The remaining page corners can be filled by 
\family sans
Right
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Footer
\family default
 (which defaults to page numbers),
 
\family sans
Right
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Header
\family default
 (top right) and 
\family sans
Left
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Header
\family default
 (top left).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Unsupported 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 Goodies
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:unsuppfoils"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
All the commands mentioned below need to be set in a 
\family sans
\SpecialChar LaTeX

\family default
 environment or as 
\family sans
\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 within another environment.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Lengths
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
All lengths are adjusted using the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
setlength{
\family default
\emph on
lengthname
\family typewriter
\emph default
}{
\family default
\emph on
newlength
\family typewriter
\emph default
}
\family default
 command.
 Where 
\emph on
lengthname
\emph default
 should be replaced by the name given to the length you want to change and 
\emph on
newlength
\emph default
 is the length value.
 All lengths should be specified in units of length such as inches (
\family typewriter
in
\family default
),
 millimeters (
\family typewriter
mm
\family default
) or points (
\family typewriter
pt
\family default
) or relative to some document or font-based length such as 
\family typewriter

\backslash
textwidth
\family default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It's possible to change the spacing between a foilhead and the body of the foil by adjusting the length specified by 
\family typewriter

\backslash
foilheadskip
\family default
.
 For example,
 to make 
\emph on
all
\emph default
 foilheads 0.5
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

in closer to their bodies put the following in the preamble:
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
foilheadskip}{-0.5in}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The spacings around floats can be adjusted by setting these lengths:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM

\family typewriter

\backslash
abovefloatskip
\family default
 Separation between the text and the top of the float
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM

\family typewriter

\backslash
abovecaptionskip
\family default
 Separation between the float and the caption
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM

\family typewriter

\backslash
belowcaptionskip
\family default
 Separation between the caption and the following text
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM

\family typewriter

\backslash
captionwidth
\family default
 You can make the captions narrower than the surrounding text by adjusting this length.
 Best done relative to 
\family typewriter

\backslash
textwidth
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are also several title page related lengths that you may find useful if you have a long title or several authors:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM

\family typewriter

\backslash
abovetitleskip
\family default
 Separation from headers to 
\family sans
Title
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM

\family typewriter

\backslash
titleauthorskip
\family default
 between 
\family sans
Title
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Author
\family default
 environments
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM

\family typewriter

\backslash
authorauthorskip
\family default
 between multiple 
\family sans
Author
\family default
 lines
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM

\family typewriter

\backslash
authordateskip
\family default
 between the 
\family sans
Author
\family default
 and the 
\family sans
Date
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMMMMM

\family typewriter

\backslash
dateabstractskip
\family default
 between the 
\family sans
Date
\family default
 and the 
\family sans
Abstract
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The last length related command affects all the list environments.
 If you place 
\family typewriter

\backslash
zerolistvertdimens
\family default
 
\emph on
inside
\emph default
 a list environment then all the vertical spacing between the list items is removed.
 Note that this is a command not a length so it doesn't require 
\family typewriter

\backslash
setlength
\family default
 like the stuff mentioned above.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Headers and Footers
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The 
\family typewriter

\backslash
LogoOn
\family default
 and 
\family typewriter

\backslash
LogoOff
\family default
 commands control whether the logo in the 
\family sans
MyLogo
\family default
 definition appear on a given page.
 If you put 
\family typewriter

\backslash
LogoOff
\family default
 in the preamble then none of the foils will have the logo on them.
 If you don't want the logo on a particular page place the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
LogoOff
\family default
 directly after the foilhead of that page and the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
LogoOn
\family default
 directly after the next foilhead.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you decide to use the 
\family sans
fancy
\family default
 page style setting in the 
\family sans
Document
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Layout
\family default
 dialog you should probably add 
\family typewriter

\backslash
let
\backslash
headwidth
\backslash
textwidth
\family default
 to your preamble so headers and footers on landscape pages are correctly placed when rotated.
 This is due to some clashes between the page layouts provided by the 
\family sans
fancyheadings
\family default
 package and the 
\family sans
\lang ngerman
FoilTeX
\family default
\lang english
 class.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Powerdot
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
Powerdot
\family default
 uses the 
\family typewriter
powerdot.cls
\family default
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 class for creating presentations.
 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Presentations\SpecialChar menuseparator
Powerdot
\family default
 offers guidance on its use.
 The documentation is available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/powerdot/doc/powerdot.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Seminar"

\end_inset


\family sans
Seminar
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The document class 
\family sans
Seminar
\family default
 uses the 
\family typewriter
seminar.cls
\family default
 document class for creating presentations.
 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Presentations\SpecialChar menuseparator
Seminar
\family default
 offers guidance on its use.
 The documentation is available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/seminar/doc/seminar-doc.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Slides [aka 
\noun on
Sli\SpecialChar TeX

\noun default
]
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:slitex"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Original by 
\noun on
John Weiss
\noun default
;
 updated by the \SpecialChar LyX
 Team
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This section describes how to use \SpecialChar LyX
 to make slides for overhead projectors.
 There are two document classes that can do this:
 the 
\family sans
Slides
\family default
 document class and the 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 document class.
 This section documents the former.
 If you’re looking for the documentation for 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
,
 check out section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:foiltex"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

.
 As of 2023 
\family sans
Slides
\family default
 has continued to be maintained whereas 
\family sans
Foil\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 has not been maintained since 2008.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Getting Started
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:slidesetup"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Obviously,
 to use this document class,
 you need to select 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family sans
Slides
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 from the class list in the 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
 dialog.
 There are some other special things you should know about this class:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Don't bother changing the options 
\family sans
Sides and Columns
\family default
.
 They're not supported by the 
\family sans
Slides
\family default
 class,
 anyways.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The option 
\family sans
Page
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

style
\family default
 behaves a bit differently for this class.
 The possible choices and what they do are as follows:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Description

\family sans
plain
\family default
 The final output contains page numbers in the lower right corner.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family sans
headings
\family default
 Like 
\family sans
plain
\family default
,
 but also prints out any time markers you've put in.
 This is the default.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family sans
empty
\family default
 The final output contains no page numbers,
 time markers,
 or alignment markers.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
The 
\family sans
Slides
\family default
 class has an extra option:
 
\family typewriter
clock
\family default
.
 To use it,
 put 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
clock
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 in the extra class options.
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Using this options allows you to add time markers to 
\family sans
Note
\family default
s.
 See section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:slideNote"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

 for more details.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
You can also use the template file to automatically set up a document to use the 
\family sans
slides
\family default
 class using 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

from
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Template\SpecialChar menuseparator
Presentations\SpecialChar menuseparator
Slides
\family default
 to open your new document.
 The template file also contains some examples of the special paragraph environments used by this class.
 I'll describe those next.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Paragraph Environments
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Supported Environments
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The first thing you'll notice when you start up a new 
\family sans
Slides
\family default
 document is the font size and type:
 it's the equivalent of the size 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family sans
Largest
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 in the 
\family sans
Sans
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Serif
\family default
 font.
 This is also what's used in the output.
 Think of this as a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

visual cue
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 to remind you that this is a slide.
 Your final slides will use a larger font;
 ergo,
 you'll have less space.
 Of course,
 the larger default screen font isn't WYSIWYG,
 only a reminder.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The next thing that becomes obvious is the changes to the paragraph environment pull-down box [at the far-left end of the toolbar].
 Most of the paragraph environments you're used to seeing are missing.
 There are also five new ones.
 That's because the 
\family sans
Slides
\family default
 class itself only supports certain paragraph environments:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Standard
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Itemize
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Enumerate
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Description
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
List
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Quotation
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Quote
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Verse
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Caption
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
\SpecialChar LyX
-Code
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
All of the other standard environments,
 including the section-heading environments,
 aren't used in the 
\family sans
Slides
\family default
 class.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
On the other hand,
 you'll notice the following new environments:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Slide
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Overlay
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Note
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
InvisibleText
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
VisibleText
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
These five are kind of quirky,
 due to a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

feature
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 in \SpecialChar LyX
.
 You see,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 doesn't permit you to nest any other paragraph environment into an empty environment.
 Now,
 that's fine and dandy,
 but it means that you wouldn't be able to start a slide with anything except plain text.
 To deal with this,
 I've performed a little 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

\SpecialChar LaTeX
 magic.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Quirks of the New Environments
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:slideQuirk"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
All five of the new paragraph environments are somewhat quirky due to inherent limitiations in the current version of \SpecialChar LyX
.
 As I just mentioned,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 forbids environments that begin with another environment.
 To get around this,
 the 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 environment isn't a paragraph environment as described in the 
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You should consider 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
,
 and 
\family sans
Note
\family default
 to be 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

pseudo-environments.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 They look like a section heading or a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family sans
Caption
\family default
,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 but really begin a [and,
 if necessary,
 end the previous] paragraph environment.
 Likewise,
 treat 
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
 and 
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
 as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

pseudo-commands.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 These two perform some action.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A common feature of all five environments,
 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Note
\family default
,
 
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
 and 
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
,
 is a rather long-ish label.
 The text following this label —
 ordinarily the contents of the paragraph environment —
 is utterly irrelevant for 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Note
\family default
,
 
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
 and 
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 completely ignores it.
 In fact,
 you can leave these five environments completely empty.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
While you don't 
\emph on
have
\emph default
 to put any text after the rather long-ish label,
 you might want to.
 This could be a short description of the contents of the 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
 for example.
 In that case,
 enter your descriptive comment and hit 
\family sans
Return
\family default
 as you normally would.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Making a Presentation with 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Note
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Using the 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 Environment
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you're expecting this section to teach you how to actually make a presentation,
 you'll be sorely disappointed.
 Naturally,
 I'll describe all of the ways the 
\family sans
Slides
\family default
 class can assist you in preparing the materials for a presentation.
 Filling in the contents,
 however,
 is up to you.
 [Then again,
 that 
\emph on
is
\emph default
 the \SpecialChar LyX
 philosophy.]
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Choosing the 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 environment [in the manner described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:slideQuirk"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

] tells \SpecialChar LyX
 to begin a new slide [duh].
 The label for this environment/
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

pseudo-command
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 is an 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

ASCII line,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 in cool blue,
 followed by the label,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

NewSlide:
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 Any text or paragraph environments that follow this one go on the new slide.
 It's that simple.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Slides are probably the only time you'll need to forcibly end pages in \SpecialChar LyX
 (this can be specified in the 
\family sans
Paragraph Layout
\family default
 dialog).
 In fact,
 you'll want to,
 once you finish entering the contents of one slide.
 If you've entered more text than can physically fit on a slide,
 the extra overflows onto a new slide.
 I don't recommend doing this,
 however,
 since the overflow slide won't have any page number on it.
 Furthermore,
 it may interfere with any 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 you've made to accompany the oversized 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Note
\family default
 environments work the same way as the 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 environment.
 They both create an 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

ASCII line
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 followed by a label [
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

NewOverlay:
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

NewNote:
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 respectively].
 The color is a stunning magenta instead of blue,
 and the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

ASCII line
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 will look different,
 in style and in length.
 The label fonts of all three also differ from one another.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As with a 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
 if the contents of a 
\family sans
Note
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 exceed the physical size of a slide or sheet of paper,
 the extra will overflow onto a new sheet.
 Again,
 you should avoid this.
 It defeats the whole purpose of 
\family sans
Note
\family default
s and 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
s.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Using 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 with 
\family sans
Slide
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The idea behind an 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 is a slide that sits atop another slide.
 Perhaps you wish to discuss a figure on the main 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 before displaying the text associated with it.
 One way to accomplish this is tape a flap of dark paper over the part of the 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 you want to display later.
 This method fails,
 however,
 if you wish to overlap one graph with another,
 for example.
 You would then have to fumble while speaking to align the two separate,
 overlapping 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
s to align the two graphs.
 The use of an 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 environment in both cases makes life much easier.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Each 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 receives the page number of its 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

parent
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
 appended by 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
-a
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Presumably,
 mutliple 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
s would have 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
-a
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
-b
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
-c
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 etc.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

appended to the page number of the parent 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
 
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Clearly,
 you want the contents of both the 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 and the 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 to each fit on a single physical slide!
 You should probably consider an 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

part of
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 a 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
 Indeed,
 the \SpecialChar LyX
 
\family sans
slides
\family default
 class provides a visual cue for this:
 the label at the start of an 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 is shorter than that at the start of a 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
 Lastly,
 when you generate printable output,
 you'll find alignment markers in all four corners of both the 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 page and its parent 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
 These will assist you in lining up the two physical slides.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The major problem in overlaying two slides is aligning the contents of the two transparencies.
 How much space should you leave for that graph on the second slide?
 Worse still,
 what if you want a graph and a sentence on second slide,
 but there is text on the main transparency that goes in between them?
 You could try and insert vertical space of the right size.
 The better way is to use 
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
 and 
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As their names imply,
 
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
 and 
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
 are two command-like paragraph environments that make all subsequent text invisible and visible,
 respectively.
 Note from section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:slideQuirk"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

 that you don't place anything 
\emph on
into
\emph default
 these two environments,
 however.
 When you create an 
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
,
 it inserts a centered,
 sky-blue label into the page reading 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

<Invisible Text Follows>
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 For paragraphs following this label,
 the parts of the 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 [or 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
;
 it doesn't matter which] where they would be contain instead blank space.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For 
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
,
 the corresponding centered label is 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

<Visible Text Follows>
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 in blazing green.
 Paragraphs following this label behave normally.
 Note that the beginning of a new 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
,
 or 
\family sans
Note
\family default
 automatically shuts off an 
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
.
 It's therefore not necessary to use 
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
 at the end of a 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
By now,
 it should be obvious how to create overlay transparencies using the proper combination of 
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
 and 
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
 on a 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Create a 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
 including everything that will appear on it,
 whether on the main slide or on the 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Before each figure or paragraph that will appear only on the 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
,
 insert an 
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
 environment.
 If necessary,
 insert a 
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
 environment after the 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
-only text.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Start an 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 immediately following the 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Copy the contents of this 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 into the 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Within the 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
,
 change all of the 
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
 lines to 
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
 and vice-versa.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
That's it.
 You've just made an 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There's one problem with the way I've designed the \SpecialChar LyX
 
\family sans
slides
\family default
 class:
 you can't make text in the middle of a paragraph invisible,
 nor make text in the middle of an invisible paragraph visible again.
 To accomplish this feat,
 you'll need to use some inlined \SpecialChar LaTeX
 codes.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
The commands of interest are:
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter
{
\backslash
invisible \SpecialChar ldots
 }
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family typewriter
{
\backslash
visible \SpecialChar ldots
 }
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar ldots
and need to be marked as \SpecialChar TeX
.
 The text whose 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

visibility
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 you wish to change goes in between the brackets [and after the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
invisible
\family default
 or 
\family typewriter

\backslash
visible
\family default
 command].
 If you don't know how to mark text as \SpecialChar TeX
,
 see the appropriate section of the 
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Using 
\family sans
Note
\family default
 with 
\family sans
Slide
\family default

\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:slideNote"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Like an 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
,
 a 
\family sans
Note
\family default
 is associated with a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

parent
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
 Here,
 too,
 the \SpecialChar LyX
 
\family sans
slides
\family default
 class provides visual cues.
 The label for a 
\family sans
Note
\family default
 is shorter than that of a 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 [yet longer than that of an 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
] and,
 like the label of an 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 is shockingly magenta.
 Additionally,
 the printed 
\family sans
Note
\family default
 has the page number of its 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

parent
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
 appended by 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
-
\family default
1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
-
\family default
2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
-
\family default
3
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 etc.
 You can have multiple 
\family sans
Note
\family default
s associated with a single 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
,
 and,
 as with 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
,
 you'll probably want to break up long 
\family sans
Note
\family default
s so that they fit on a single sheet of paper.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The purpose of a 
\family sans
Note
\family default
 is obvious:
 it contains anything additional you might want to say about a 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
 It could also be used as a sheet of reminders for a particular 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
 In the case of the latter,
 you might want to make use of time markers.
 Currently,
 the \SpecialChar LyX
 
\family sans
slides
\family default
 class has no 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

native
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 support for time markers,
 a 
\noun on
Sli\SpecialChar TeX

\noun default
 feature.
 So,
 you'll have to resort to using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 codes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To use time markers,
 you'll need to specify the extra class option 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
clock
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 [see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:slidesetup"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

].
 This option turns on timing marks,
 which will appear in the lower-left-hand corner of every 
\family sans
Note
\family default
 you generate.
 To set what appears in the time marker,
 you use the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
settime{}
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
addtime{}
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 The arguments of both commands are time measured in seconds.
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
settime{}
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 sets the time marker to a given time.
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
addtime{}
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 increments the time marker by the specified amount.
 Using time markers and 
\family sans
Note
\family default
s in this fashion,
 you can remind yourself how much time to spend on a particular 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There's one last feature to describe.
 Clearly,
 you'd like to print out all of your 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
s and 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
s on transparencies while printing all of your 
\family sans
Note
\family default
s on plain paper.
 However,
 a 
\family sans
Note
\family default
 
\emph on
must
\emph default
 follow the 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 with which it is associated.
 What's a person to do?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Luckily,
 there are two \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands that allow you to select what to print out.
 Both must be placed into the preamble of your document.
 The command 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
onlyslides{
\backslash
slides}
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 will cause the output to contain only the 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
s and 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
s.
 Correspondingly,
 the command 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
onlynotes{
\backslash
notes}
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 prevents the output of anything but 
\family sans
Note
\family default
s.
 I'd advise placing both commands in the preamble and initially comment both out.
 You can then preview your entire presentation as you write.
 When you're done writing,
 you can then uncomment one of the two to select what you want to print.
 I like to uncomment 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
onlyslides{
\backslash
slides}
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 ,
 print to a file with 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
-slides
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 in its name,
 comment it back out,
 then uncomment 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
onlynotes{
\backslash
notes}
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and print to a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
*-notes.ps
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 file.
 I can then send either file to a printer,
 loading transparencies or plain paper as appropriate.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can also provide other arguments to the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
onlyslides{}
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
onlynotes{}
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 commands.
 See a good \SpecialChar LaTeX
 book for details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
The 
\family sans
slides
\family default
 Class Template File
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
I have also provided a template file with the 
\family sans
slides
\family default
 class.
 To use it,
 begin your new presentation with 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

from
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Template\SpecialChar menuseparator
Presentations\SpecialChar menuseparator
Slides
\family default
.
 Your new \SpecialChar LyX
 presentation file will contain an example 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 – 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 – 
\family sans
Note
\family default
 triplet.
 The 
\family sans
Slide
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Overlay
\family default
 additionally contain an example of the use of 
\family sans
InvisibleText
\family default
 and 
\family sans
VisibleText
\family default
.
 Lastly,
 the preamble will contain:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
% Uncomment to print out only slides and overlays
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
%
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
%
\backslash
onlyslides{
\backslash
slides}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

 
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
% Uncomment to print out only notes
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
%
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
%
\backslash
onlynotes{
\backslash
notes}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
One final thing:
 I created this class to support the \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\noun on
Sli\SpecialChar TeX

\noun default
 emulation
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 class,
 one of the built-in \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
 classes.
 Neither I nor the rest of the \SpecialChar LyX
 Team endorse or oppose the use of this built-in slide class.
 It's here if you want it or need it.
 There exist other \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
 classes for creating presentations,
 such 
\family sans
Foils
\family default
 (see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:foiltex"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

) or 
\family sans
Seminar
\family default
 (see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Seminar"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

).
 Try them out to see what sort of alternative they provide.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Reports
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
report
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Report classes are sort of a hybrid between book and article classes:
 like book classes,
 they provide parts,
 chapters and sections but does not provide frontmatter,
 mainmatter,
 and backmatter;
 like article classes,
 they provide abstract paragraph styles and are one-sided by default.
 Also,
 they do not start a new chapter on the right hand page (even in two-side mode).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
All externally maintained 
\family sans
report
\family default
 document classes that are officially supported by \SpecialChar LyX
 are described in the Collections (section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Collections"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

):
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
For 
\family sans
Japanese Report (Standard Class,
 vertical Writing)
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Japanese Report (Standard Class)
\family default
,
 see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Japanese"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
For 
\family sans
KOMA-Script Report
\family default
,
 see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:KOMA-Script"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
For 
\family sans
Report (Standard Class with Extra Font Sizes)
\family default
,
 see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Extra-font-sizes"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
For 
\family sans
Polish Report (MW Bundle)
\family default
,
 see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Polish-M.W.collection"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Scripts
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In the 
\family sans
Scripts
\family default
 category,
 we assemble document classes that help to write drama or movie scripts.
 The category is also open for other scripts,
 such as lecture scripts,
 for which no classes are officially supported yet by \SpecialChar LyX
 though.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Broadway
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
by 
\shape smallcaps
Garst Reese
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
Broadway
\family default
 is for writing plays.
 The format is more decorative than 
\family sans
Hollywood
\family default
 (see sec.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Hollywood"

\end_inset

),
 and much less standardized.
 This format should be suitable for workshops.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Special problems
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The same as in 
\family sans
Hollywood
\family default
 (see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Special-problems-Hollywood"

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Special features
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Insert the 
\family sans
Speaker
\family default
 names as labels then cross-reference the label to insert the name.
 The cross-reference dialog will show the current cast of characters.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Paper size and Margins
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
USLetter,
 left 1.6in,
 right 0.75in,
 top 0.5in,
 bottom 0.75in
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Environments
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following environments are available.
 You can use 
\family typewriter
broadway.bind
\family default
 to get the bind keys shown at the right.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Standard
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
You should not have to use this,
 but it is here for anything that does not fit otherwise.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Narrative
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z n
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
Used to describe stage setting and the action.
 First use of speaker names in all CAPs.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
ACT
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z a
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
Automatically numbered.
 On screen it will be arabic,
 but will print as Roman.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
ACT*
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z S at
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
Subtitle for 
\family sans
ACT.

\family default
 It is just centered text.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
SCENE
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z S-S
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
Not automatically numbered.
 You supply the number.
 This is because I couldn't figure out how.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
AT_RISE:
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z S-R
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
A special case of Narrative to describe the setting and action as the curtain rises.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Speaker
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z s
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
The speaker's (actor's) title,
 centered in all CAPS.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Parenthetical
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z p
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
Instructions to the speaker.
 The parentheses are automatically inserted.
 The ( will appear on screen,
 but both will be in the printed play.
 This environment is only used within 
\family sans
Dialogue
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Dialogue
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z d
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
What the Speaker says.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
CURTAIN
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z S-C
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
The curtain comes down.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Title
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z S-T
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Author
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z S-A
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Right_Address
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z r
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Hello there.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Hollywood"

\end_inset

Hollywood (Hollywood spec scripts)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
by 
\shape smallcaps
Garst Reese
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Getting the format of a Hollywood script right is a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

rite of passage.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 It is designed to make the readers focus on content and to be easy and familiar for the actors to read.
 Each page of a script should be one minute of film.
 Nothing goes in a script that you cannot see or hear on screen.
 The courier 12 pt font should be used throughout.
 No italics.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Special-problems-Hollywood"

\end_inset

Special problems
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Speakers' lines should 
\emph on
never
\emph default
 break in mid-sentence.
 If a speaker's lines continue over a page break,
 repeat the 
\family sans
Speaker
\family default
 title followed by (Cont'd).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Special features
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Insert the 
\family sans
Speaker
\family default
 names as labels then cross-reference the label to insert the name.
 The cross-reference dialog will show the current cast of characters.
 You can use this to insert the speaker name in narratives also.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Paper size and Margins
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
USLetter,
 left 1.6in,
 right 0.75in,
 top 0.5in,
 bottom 0.75in
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Environments
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following environments are available.
 You can use 
\family typewriter
hollywood.bind
\family default
 to get the bind keys shown at the right.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Standard
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
Used where nothing else works.
 Try to avoid it.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
FADE_IN
\family default
:
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset


\family sans
M-z S-I
\family default

\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Usually followed by something like 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

on Sally waking up.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
INT:
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z i
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
Introduces a new INTERIOR camera set-up.
 Always followed by DAY or NIGHT,
 or something similar to define the lighting required.
 Everthing on this line in CAPS.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
EXT:
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z e
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
Introduces a new EXTERIOR camera set-up.
 Everthing on this line in CAPS.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Speaker
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z s
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
The character speaking.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Parenthetical
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z p
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
Instructions to the speaker.
 The () are automatically inserted.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Dialogue
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z d
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
What the 
\family sans
Speaker
\family default
 says.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Transition
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z t
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
Camera movement instruction.
 e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

CUT TO:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
FADE OUT:
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z S-I
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Author
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z S-A
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Title
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z S-T
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Right_Address
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset

M-z r
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Script jargon
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
(O.S) —
 off screen
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
(V.0) —
 voice over
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
b.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
 —
 background
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
C.U.
 —
 close-up
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
PAN —
 camera movement
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
INSERT —
 cut to close-up of
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Modules
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Academic Field Specifics
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Chemistry:
 Hazard and Precautionary Statements
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module provides two insets and a paragraph style to typeset numbers and phrases of chemical hazard and precautionary statements.
 For a description see 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Hazard and Precautionary Statements
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator
Hazard and Precautionary Statements
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection

\series bold
Chemistry:
 Risk and Safety Statements
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module provides two insets,
 
\family sans
R-S number
\family default
 and 
\family sans
R-S phrase
\family default
,
 accessible via the menu 
\family sans
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Insets
\family default
 and an environment to typeset numbers and phrases of chemical risk and safety statements.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Linguistics
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module provides specific environments useful for linguistics (numbered examples,
 glosses,
 semantic markup,
 OT tableau floats).
 You can obtain information about this module in 
\family sans
\bar under
H
\bar default
elp\SpecialChar menuseparator
S
\bar under
p
\bar default
ecific
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
L
\bar default
inguistics
\family default
 and 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Linguistics
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Accessibility
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Braille
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module supports the Braille script.
 It requires the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 package 
\family typewriter
braille.sty
\family default
.
 This and its documentation can be obtained from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "https://www.ctan.org/pkg/braille"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
 See 
\family sans
\bar under
H
\bar default
elp\SpecialChar menuseparator
S
\bar under
p
\bar default
ecific
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
B
\bar default
raille
\family default
 and 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Braille
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Annotation & Revision
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
FiXme Notes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module provides “FiXme” (marginal) annotations for document revision purposes.
 A list of annotations can be produced by using the “List of FIXMEs” paragraph style.
 The annotations are customizable via the LaTeX preamble.
 See the 
\family typewriter
fixme
\family default
 documentation which can be obtained from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/fixme/fixme.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Note:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
by default,
 the notes are only displayed in “draft” mode (if the option “draft” has been inserted in 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Document Class\SpecialChar menuseparator
Class Options\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom
\family default
).
 To display them always,
 insert 
\family typewriter

\backslash
fxsetup{draft}
\family default
 in 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
\SpecialChar LaTeX
 Preamble
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
PDF Comments
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module provides various kinds of annotations for PDF output.
 See 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator
PDF comments 
\family default
and
\family sans
 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
PDF Comments
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection

\series bold
PDF Form
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module provides fields and buttons for PDF forms.
 See the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "hyperref documentation"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/hyperref/doc/hyperref-doc.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

,
 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator
PDF forms 
\family default
and
\family sans
 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
PDF Form
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection

\series bold
Ruby (Furigana)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines an inset to typeset reading aids (ruby,
 furigana) to Chinese characters.
 It uses the 
\family typewriter
okumakro
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter
luatexja-ruby
\family default
 or 
\family typewriter
ruby
\family default
 package (depending on the TeX engine) or a fallback definition.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection

\series bold
TODO notes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module provides custom insets to insert TODO items in your document.
 In order to generate a “List of TODOs,” the module provides a paragraph style.
 Inserting 
\family typewriter
final
\family default
 in 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Document Class\SpecialChar menuseparator
Class Options\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom
\family default
) suppresses the output of TODO notes.
 See the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "todonotes documentation"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/todonotes/todonotes.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Bibliography
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
APA Style with Natbib
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module adds support for using natbib together with apacite (the bibliography style need not be 
\family typewriter
apacite
\family default
 —
 it could be 
\family typewriter
apacite
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter
apacitex
\family default
,
 or any bibliography that works with both the natbib and apacite packages.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Boxes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Fancy Colored Boxes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module adds ten custom insets that support colored boxes via the 
\family typewriter
tcolorbox
\family default
 package.
 See 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator
Colored boxes
\family default
,
 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Fancy Color Boxes
\family default
 and the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "tcolorbox documentation"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/tcolorbox/tcolorbox.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

 for details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Graphic boxes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This provides the custom insets 
\family sans
Reflectbox
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Resizebox
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Rotatebox
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Scalebox
\family default
 to scale and rotate its content.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
Reflectbox
\family default
 is a simple way of reversing text without any other enhancement:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Reflectbox
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Great Western Railway
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
(You will need to use Ctrl-R to see any of these examples.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
Resizebox
\family default
 allows you to specify the dimensions of the text or image;
 permissible units are em,
 ex,
 in,
 pt,
 pc,
 cm,
 mm,
 dd,
 cc,
 nd,
 nc,
 bp,
 or sp;
 if you enter 
\family typewriter
!

\family default
 for 
\family typewriter
Height
\family default
 it scales by the width factor:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Resizebox
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
48mm
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Argument 2
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
!
\end_layout

\end_inset

Great Western Railway
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
Rotatebox
\family default
 allows you to rotate its contents around the reference point of the box.
 If you wish to rotate the box around a different origin,
 place the cursor inside the box and select Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Origin;
 o
\family typewriter
rigin
\family default
 is specified as 
\family typewriter
c
\family default
,

\family typewriter
 l
\family default
,

\family typewriter
 r
\family default
,

\family typewriter
 b
\family default
,

\family typewriter
 t
\family default
 or meaningful combinations of these and the counterclockwise rotation angle is expressed in degrees.
 For example:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Rotatebox
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
origin=c
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Argument 2
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
30
\end_layout

\end_inset

Great Western Railway
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can combine boxes as in:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Rotatebox
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
origin=c
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Argument 2
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-15
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Resizebox
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
48mm
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Argument 2
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
!
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Reflectbox
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Great Western Railway
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
Scalebox
\family default
 scales its contents;
 select Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
V-Factor to add a vertical factor.
 If the vertical factor is omitted,
 the horizontal is used.
 Adding different horizontal and vertical values creates distortion as in
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family typewriter
\begin_inset Flex Scalebox
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
2
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Argument 2
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1.5
\end_layout

\end_inset


\family roman
Great Western Railway
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A negative horizontal value reverses the text on the horizontal axis,
 a negative vertical value on the vertical axis,
 so that you get
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Scalebox
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Argument 2
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
\end_layout

\end_inset

Great Western Railway
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Scalebox
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Argument 2
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1
\end_layout

\end_inset

Great Western Railway
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Section Boxes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines Boxes with section header.
 It is mainly intended for the SciPoster Document class.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Variable-width Minipages
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module adds a 
\family sans
Minipage (Var.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

Width)
\family default
 inset to 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom Inset
\family default
 using the 
\family typewriter
varwidth
\family default
 LaTeX package.
 The 
\family typewriter
varwidth
\family default
 package provides a variable-width minipage,
 whose resulting width is the width of its contents (if this does not exceed the specified maximum width).
 The inset has two optional arguments which can be added by placing the cursor inside the minipage and entering 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Vert.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

Adjustment
\family default
 (
\family typewriter
c|t|b
\family default
) or 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Max.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

Width
\family default
 (defaults to 
\family typewriter

\backslash
linewidth
\family default
).
 See 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Variable-width Minipages
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Fixes & Hacks
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Fix Computer Modern Fonts
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module uses the 
\family sans
fix-cm
\family default
 package to improve the appearance of Computer Modern fonts and make them available with arbitrary sizes.
 See the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "fix-cm documentation"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/base/fix-cm.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\SpecialChar LaTeX
 Kernel Fixes (Obsolete)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module loads the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 package 
\family sans
fixltx2e
\family default
 which contains some bug fixes for \SpecialChar LaTeX
.
 If you use this module your typeset document may look different when you process it,
 depending on the respective version of 
\family sans
fixltx2e
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Note:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
recent \SpecialChar LaTeX
 kernels (as of 2015/01/01) include the functionality of 
\family sans
fixltx2e
\family default
,
 so the 
\family sans
fixltx2e
\family default
 module is obsolete with newer \SpecialChar LaTeX
 distributions.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Minimalistic Insets
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module redefines several insets (Index,
 Branch,
 URL) as being Minimalistic.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Title and Preamble Hacks
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module provides two new paragraph styles:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\family sans
In Preamble
\family default
 which puts whatever is entered into it into the preamble.
 This can be used,
 if one wishes,
 to include preamble code in the body of a LyX document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\family sans
In Title
\family default
 which that will put its contents into the body of the LaTeX document,
 but before 
\family typewriter

\backslash
maketitle
\family default
 is issued.
 This is useful for making branches and notes in title-related material.
 (However,
 if you put these in a 
\family sans
Standard
\family default
 layout,
 this signals to LyX to output 
\family typewriter

\backslash
maketitle
\family default
,
 which may then come too early.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Floats & captions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Algorithm2e Float
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module uses the 
\family sans
algorithm2e
\family default
 package for algorithm floats rather than LyX’s home-brewed algorithm floats.
 Use the Algorithm paragraph style to enter and indent the algorithm.
 See the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "algorithm2e documentation"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/algorithm2e/doc/algorithm2e.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bilingual Captions AKA Multilingual Captions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module provides the paragraph style 
\family sans
Caption
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

setup
\family default
 with which to typeset bilingual captions.
 Within this paragraph style 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Language
\family default
 allows you to enter the desired second language using one of the babel names.
 See 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Multilingual Captions
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator
Multilingual Captions
\family default
 further information on its use.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Number Figures by Section
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module resets the figure number at section start and prepends the section number to the figure number,
 as in “Figure 2.1.” (By default book and report document classes number by Chapter and article document classes have a single sequence.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Number Tables by Section
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module resets the table number at section start and prepends the section number to the table number,
 as in “Table 2.1.” (By default book and report document classes number by Chapter and article document classes have a single sequence.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Foot- and Endnotes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Endnotes (Basic)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module adds an endnote inset,
 in addition to footnotes.
 This uses the 
\family sans
endnotes
\family default
 package,
 which has some limitations but works with older \SpecialChar LaTeX
 distributions as well.
 Use 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom Inset\SpecialChar menuseparator
Endnote
\family default
 to insert an endnote and 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Endnotes
\family default
 to insert the endnotes list where you want the endnotes to appear.
 See also 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Embedded Objects
\family default
,
 section 
\emph on
4.2 Footnotes
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Endnotes (Extended)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module adds an endnote inset,
 in addition to footnotes.
 This uses the 
\family sans
enotez
\family default
 package which is more powerful and customizable than the 
\family sans
endnotes
\family default
 package,
 but requires a fairly modern \SpecialChar LaTeX
 distribution (with \SpecialChar LaTeX
3).
 Use 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom Inset\SpecialChar menuseparator
Endnote
\family default
 to insert an endnote and 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Endnotes
\family default
 to insert the endnotes list where you want the endnotes to appear.
 See also 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Embedded Objects
\family default
,
 section 
\emph on
4.2 Footnotes
\emph default
..
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Footnotes as Endnotes (Basic)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module sets all footnotes as endnotes.
 This uses the 
\family sans
endnotes
\family default
 package,
 which has some limitations but works with older \SpecialChar LaTeX
 distributions as well.
 Use 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Endnotes
\family default
 to insert the endnotes list where you want the endnotes to appear.
 See also 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Embedded Objects
\family default
,
 section 
\emph on
4.2 Footnotes
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Footnotes as Endnotes (Extended)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module sets all footnotes as endnotes.
 This uses the 
\family sans
enotez
\family default
 package which is more powerful and customizable than then 
\family sans
endnotes
\family default
 package,
 but requires a fairly modern \SpecialChar LaTeX
 distribution (with \SpecialChar LaTeX
3).
 Use 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Endnotes
\family default
 to insert the endnotes list where you want the endnotes to appear.
 See also 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Embedded Objects
\family default
,
 section 
\emph on
4.2 Footnotes
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Leisure,
 Sports and Music
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Chess Board
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module provides support for the 
\family sans
chessboard
\family default
 package to print chess games.
 See 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Articles\SpecialChar menuseparator
Chess
\family default
 where you will find 
\family sans
Game 1
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Game 2
\family default
 and the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "chessboard documentation"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/chessboard/chessboard.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Lilypond Music Notation
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module provides an inset via 
\family sans
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom Inset\SpecialChar menuseparator
Lilypond
\family default
 in which to enter code for the LilyPond music editor.
 It will then be processed in the output.
 See 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator
Lilypond
\family default
 and 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Lilypond Book
\family default
.
 It cannot be used if the modules 
\family sans
Rnw
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

(knitr) 
\family default
or
\family sans
 Sweave
\family default
 have been loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
List enhancements
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Customizable Lists
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Customizable-Lists"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module uses the
\family sans
 enumitem
\family default
 package to enable the customization of various list environments.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Custom Enumerate Lists
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
The default numbering of numbered lists can be changed by adding an optional argument (menu 
\family sans
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsert\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
S
\bar default
hort Title
\family default
) to the first item of each level in the list.
 There you add the command
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
label=
\backslash
roman{enumi}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
in \SpecialChar TeX
 Code (shortcut 
\begin_inset Info
type  "shortcut"
arg   "ert-insert"
\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
enumi
\family default
 is the first level counter of the enumeration.
 To change the numbering for the list sublevels,
 replace the “
\family sans
i
\family default
” in the command by the small Roman numeral of the level (
\family sans
enumi
\family default
,
 
\family sans
enumii
\family default
,
 
\family sans
enumiii
\family default
,
 
\family sans
enumiv
\family default
).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The command 
\family sans

\backslash
roman
\family default
 outputs the counter as a small Roman numeral.
 For capital Roman numerals replace 
\family sans

\backslash
roman
\family default
 with 
\family sans

\backslash
Roman
\family default
 in the command above.
 For Arabic numerals use 
\family sans

\backslash
arabic
\family default
.
 To 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

number
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 items with capital or small Latin letters use 
\family sans

\backslash
Alph
\family default
 or 
\family sans

\backslash
alph
\family default
,
 respectively.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Note:

\series default
 You can only number 26
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

items with Latin letters,
 because this numbering is limited to single letters.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Here is a list with custom numbering:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset Argument 1
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

label=
\backslash
#
\backslash
Alph{enumi}
\backslash
#
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

Level 1
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset Argument 1
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

label=
\backslash
Alph{enumi}.
\backslash
arabic{enumii}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

Level 2
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Level 2
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset Argument 1
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

label=
\backslash
bfseries{
\backslash
arabic{enumiii}}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

Level 3
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset Argument 1
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

label=
\backslash
emph{
\backslash
roman{enumiv})}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

Level 4
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
For this list these commands were used:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent

\family sans
label=
\backslash
#
\backslash
Alph{enumi}
\backslash
#
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

label=
\backslash
Alph{enumi}.
\backslash
arabic{enumii}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

label=
\backslash
bfseries{
\backslash
arabic{enumiii}}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

label=
\backslash
emph{
\backslash
roman{enumiv})}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
where the command 
\family sans

\backslash
emph{}
\family default
 makes the label emphasized and 
\family sans

\backslash
bfseries{}
\family default
 makes it bold.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Note:

\series default
 When you change the label of a list level,
 it will be used for all following lists until you change the definition.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
labelenumi}{
\backslash
thesection.
\backslash
arabic{enumi}}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Numbered Paragraphs in Reports
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Official reports often include numbered paragraphs;
 you can achieve this with a variation on the approach outlined in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:How-to-use"

\end_inset

.
 Replace 
\family sans
item
\family default
 in each command with 
\family sans
enum
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
These numbered paragraphs were generated by inserting the \SpecialChar TeX
 Code
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard

\family sans

\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
labelenumi}{
\backslash
thesection.
\backslash
arabic{enumi}}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
before the start of the section;
 
\family sans

\backslash
thesection
\family default
 uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 section counter to generate the first part of the number.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
I have ignored the subsection heading in this example because,
 with paragraphs numbered in this way,
 subsections are less likely to be used.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Resumed Enumeration
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
labelenumi}{
\backslash
arabic{enumi}}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Enumerations can be resumed after intermediate paragraphs:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset Argument 1
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

label=
\backslash
arabic{enumi}.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

first
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
goes back to default numbering
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
second
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
regular text
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate-Resume
resumed
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To resume an enumeration,
 use the style 
\family sans
Enumerate-Resume
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Note:

\series default
 If there is no previous enumeration to resume,
 you will get a \SpecialChar LaTeX
 error.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Perhaps you might want to resume the list with a different number from the next one.
 Or you want to start a new enumeration with a defined number.
 This is possible by adding an optional argument to the first list item of a normal enumeration.
 There,
 insert the command
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
start=number
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
where 
\family sans
number
\family default
 is the number with which you want to resume the list.
 An example:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
first item
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
second item
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Enumeration starting at a given value:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

start=4
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

This enumeration starts at 4
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
List Spacing
\begin_inset Index idx
range none
pageformat default
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lists !
 Spacing
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In some cases you might want less or more vertical space between the items of a list.
 For example if the default space is too much in your opinion in this case:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
A bullet list
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
with standard spacing
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can decrease the space by adding an optional argument to the first item of the list.
 Add there the command 
\family sans
nolistsep
\family default
 to get no additional list space like in this example:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

nolistsep
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

A bullet list
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
without additional
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
vertical space
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To add space you can use several other commands provided by the 
\family sans
enumitem
\family default

\begin_inset Index idx
range none
pageformat default
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
-packages !
 enumitem
\end_layout

\end_inset

 package.
 For more information see the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "enumitem documentation"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are also many commands available to change the horizontal spacing and indentation.
 Here is an example where the indentation was changed to that of the paragraphs in the document and the label separation was set to 2
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

cm so that the number is in the page margin:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

labelindent=
\backslash
parindent,
 labelsep=2cm
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

An enumeration
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
with negative indentation
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Further Customization
\begin_inset Index idx
range none
pageformat default
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lists !
 Customization
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can also change the style of description lists.
 The command
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
font=definition
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
changes the description label font,
 the command
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
style=definitio
\family default
\series bold
n
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
sets the list style.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
An example where the command
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
font=
\backslash
itshape,
 style=nextline
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
is used:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Ionizing
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

radiation:
 
\begin_inset Argument 1
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

labelindent=0pt,
 labelsep=1cm,
 font=
\backslash
itshape,
 style=nextline
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

Ionizing radiation consists of particles or electromagnetic waves that are energetic enough to detach electrons from atoms or molecules,
 therefore ionizing them.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Reference
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

counting:
 In computer science,
 reference counting is a technique of storing the number of references,
 pointers,
 or handles to a resource such as an object,
 block of memory,
 disk space or other resource.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are many more commands and features provided by the 
\family sans
enumitem
\family default

\begin_inset Index idx
range none
pageformat default
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
-packages !
 enumitem
\end_layout

\end_inset

 package.
 For more information see the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "enumitem documentation"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection

\series bold
Paragraph Lists
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module uses the package 
\family sans
paralist
\family default
 to provide nine new list environments.
 Itemized and enumerated lists can be typeset within paragraphs,
 as paragraphs and in a compact version.
 Most environments have optional arguments to format the labels.
 Additionally,
 the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 list environments itemize and enumerate are extended to use a similar optional argument.
 For further details see 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Paragraph Lists (paralist)
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator
Paralist
\family default
 and the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "paralist documentation"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/paralist/paralist.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Literate Programming
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Noweb
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module allows the use of Noweb as a literate programming tool.
 The files and the documentation for Noweb can be obtained from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "https://www.ctan.org/pkg/noweb"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
 Literate programming is described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Literate-Programming"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

 and there are three example files:
 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Noweb
\family default
,
 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Noweb Listerrors
\family default
 and 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Noweb2\SpecialChar LyX

\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Rnw (knitr)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module uses the 
\family typewriter
knitr
\family default
 and 
\family sans
includernw
\family default
 packages.
 The
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
knitr
\end_layout

\end_inset

 package in R for dynamic report generation has to be installed for this module to work:
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
install.packages(“knitr”)
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Note
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
it depends on R >= 2.14.1.
 For more info see 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://yihui.name/knitr
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The package 
\family sans
includernw
\family default
 also has to be installed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
It cannot be used if the modules 
\family sans
LilyPond
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Book
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Sweave
\family default
 are loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
See 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator
Knitr
\family default
,
 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rnw (knitr)
\family default
 and section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Literate-Programming"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

 for information about literate programming.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Sweave
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module allows the use of the statistical language S/R as a literate programming tool.
 It requires the 
\family sans
includernw
\family default
 and 
\family sans
fancyvrb
\family default
 packages.
 Both 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "includernw"
target "https://www.ctan.org/pkg/includernw"
literal "false"

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "fancyvrb"
target "https://www.ctan.org/pkg/fancyvrb"
literal "false"

\end_inset

 are available from CTAN.
 It cannot be used if the module 
\family sans
LilyPond
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Book
\family default
 has been loaded.
 See 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator
Sweave,

\family default
 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Sweave
\family default
 and section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Literate-Programming"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

 for information about literate programming.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Maths
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
AMS Theorems
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This modules defines theorem environments and the proof environment using the extended AMS machinery.
 Both numbered and unnumbered types are provided.
 By default,
 the theorems are numbered consecutively throughout the document.
 This can be changed by loading one of the 
\family sans
AMS Theorems (Numbered by \SpecialChar ldots
)
\family default
 modules.
 It cannot be used if the modules 
\family sans
Standard Theorems
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Unnumbered)
\family default
 have been loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
AMS Theorems (Extended)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines some additional theorem environments for use with the 
\family sans
AMS Theorems
\family default
 package (which must be loaded).
 It includes 
\family sans
Criterion
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Algorithm
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Axiom
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Condition
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Note
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Notation
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Summary
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Conclusion
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Fact
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Assumption
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Case
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Question
\family default
 in both numbered and unnumbered forms.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
AMS Theorems (Extended,
 Numbered by Type within Chapters)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines some additional theorem environments for use with the 
\family sans
AMS Theorems (Numbered by Type within Chapters)
\family default
 module (which must be loaded).
 It includes 
\family sans
Criterion
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Algorithm
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Axiom
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Condition
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Note
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Notation
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Summary
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Conclusion
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Assumption
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Case
\family default
 in both numbered and unnumbered forms.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Unlike the 
\family sans
AMS Theorems (Extended)
\family default
 module,
 the different theorem types provided here each have a separate counter,
 restarted with each new chapter (e.g.,
 
\emph on
Criterion 1.1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Criterion 1.2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Axiom 1.1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Assumption 1.1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Criterion 2.1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Criterion 2.2
\emph default
,

\emph on
 Axiom 2.1
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
,
 as opposed to 
\emph on
Criterion 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Criterion 2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Axiom 3
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Assumption 4
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
AMS Theorems (Extended,
 Numbered by Type)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines some additional theorem environments for use with the 
\family sans
AMS Theorems (Numbered by Type)
\family default
 package (which must be loaded).
 It includes 
\family sans
Criterion
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Algorithm
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Axiom
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Condition
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Note
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Notation
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Summary
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Conclusion
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Assumption
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Case
\family default
 in both numbered and unnumbered forms.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Unlike the 
\family sans
AMS Theorems (Extended)
\family default
 module,
 the different theorem types provided here each have a separate counter (e.g.,
 
\emph on
Criterion 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Criterion 2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Axiom 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Assumption 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Criterion 3
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
,
 as opposed to 
\emph on
Criterion 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Criterion 2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Axiom 3
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Assumption 4
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
AMS Theorems (Numbered by Type within Chapters)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines theorem environments and the proof environment using the extended AMS machinery.
 Both numbered and unnumbered types are provided.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Unlike the 
\family sans
AMS Theorems
\family default
 module,
 the different theorem types provided here each have a separate counter (e.g.,
 
\emph on
Theorem 1.1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 1.2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 1.1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Proposition 1.1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 1.3
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 1.2
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
,
 as opposed to 
\emph on
Theorem 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 3
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Proposition 4
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
).
 The numbering restarts for each chapter:
 
\emph on
Theorem 1.1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 2.1
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots

\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It cannot be used if the modules 
\family sans
AMS Theorems
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Standard Theorems
\family default
,

\family sans
 Standard Theorems (Numbered by Type)
\family default
 or
\family sans
 Standard Theorems (Unnumbered)
\family default
 have been loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
AMS Theorems (Numbered by Type)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines theorem environments and the proof environment using the extended AMS machinery.
 Both numbered and unnumbered types are provided.
 Unlike the 
\family sans
AMS Theorems
\family default
 module,
 the different theorem types provided here each have a separate counter (e.g.,
 
\emph on
Theorem 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Proposition 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 3
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 2
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
,
 as opposed to 
\emph on
Theorem 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 3
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Proposition 4
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
).
 The numbering’s scope is the whole document.
 For chapter- and section-wide numbering,
 use one of the ‘within Sections’/‘within Chapters’ modules,
 respectively.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It cannot be used if the modules 
\family sans
AMS Theorems
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Standard Theorems
\family default
,

\family sans
 Standard Theorems (Numbered by Type)
\family default
 or
\family sans
 Standard Theorems (Unnumbered)
\family default
 have been loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Number Equations by Section
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module resets the equation number at section start and prepends the section number to the equation number,
 as in 
\emph on
(2.1)
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Standard Theorems
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines some theorem environments for use with non-AMS classes.
 By default,
 the theorems are numbered consecutively throughout the document.
 This can be changed by loading one of the 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Numbered by \SpecialChar ldots
)
\family default
 modules.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It cannot be used if the modules 
\family sans
AMS Theorems
\family default
 or
\family sans
 Standard Theorems (Unnumbered)
\family default
 have been loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Standard Theorems (Nameable)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module facilitates the use of named theorems.
 The name of the theorem can be inserted via 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Additional Theorem Text
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Standard Theorems (Numbered by Chapter)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module numbers theorems and the like by chapter (i.e.,
 the counter is reset at each chapter start).
 Use this module only with document classes that provide a chapter environment.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
One of the modules 
\family sans
AMS Theorems
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Standard Theorems
\family default
 must be loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It cannot be used if the module
\family sans
 Standard Theorems (Numbered by Section)
\family default
 has been loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Standard Theorems (Numbered by Section)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module numbers theorems and the like by section (i.e.,
 the counter is reset at each section start).
 One of the modules 
\family sans
AMS Theorems
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Standard Theorems
\family default
 must be loaded.
 It cannot be used if the module
\family sans
 Standard Theorems (Numbered by Chapter)
\family default
 has been loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Standard Theorems (Numbered by Type within Chapters)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines some theorem environments for use with non-AMS classes.
 Unlike the
\family sans
 AMS Theorems
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Standard Theorems
\family default
 modules,
 the different theorem types provided here each have a separate counter (e.g.,
 
\emph on
Theorem 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Proposition 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 3
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 2
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
,
 as opposed to 
\emph on
Theorem 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 3
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Proposition 4
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
).
 The numbering is reset at each chapter start.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
One of the modules 
\family sans
AMS Theorems (Numbered by Type)
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Numbered by Type)
\family default
 must be loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It cannot be used if any of the modules
\family sans
 AMS Theorems
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Standard Theorems
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Unnumbered)
\family default
,

\family sans
 Standard Theorems (Numbered by Sections)
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Numbered by Type within Sections)
\family default
 have been loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Standard Theorems (Numbered by Type within Sections)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines some theorem environments for use with non-AMS classes.
 Unlike the
\family sans
 AMS Theorems
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Standard Theorems
\family default
 modules,
 the different theorem types provided here each have a separate counter (e.g.,
 
\emph on
Theorem 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Proposition 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 3
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 2
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
,
 as opposed to 
\emph on
Theorem 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 3
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Proposition 4
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
).
 The numbering is reset at each section start.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
One of the modules 
\family sans
AMS Theorems (Numbered by Type)
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Numbered by Type)
\family default
 must be loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It cannot be used if any of the modules
\family sans
 AMS Theorems
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Standard Theorems
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Unnumbered)
\family default
,

\family sans
 Standard Theorems (Numbered by Chapters)
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Numbered by Type within Chapters)
\family default
 have been loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Standard Theorems (Numbered by Type)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines some theorem environments for use with non-AMS classes.
 Unlike the 
\family sans
AMS Theorems
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Standard Theorems
\family default
 modules,
 the different theorem types provided here each have a separate counter (e.g.,
 
\emph on
Theorem 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Proposition 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 3
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 2
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
,
 as opposed to 
\emph on
Theorem 1
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Theorem 2
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Lemma 3
\emph default
,
 
\emph on
Proposition 4
\emph default
,
 \SpecialChar ldots
).
 The numbering’s scope is the whole document.
 For chapter- and section-wide numbering,
 use one of the “within Chapters”/“within Sections” modules,
 respectively.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It cannot be used if any of the modules
\family sans
 AMS Theorems
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Standard Theorems
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Standard Theorems (Unnumbered)
\family default
 or
\family sans
 AMS Theorems (Numbered by Type)
\family default
 have been loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Standard Theorems (Unnumbered)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines only unnumbered theorem environments and the proof environment,
 using the extended AMS machinery.
 It cannot be used if either of the modules
\family sans
 AMS Theorems
\family default
 or
\family sans
 Standard Theorems
\family default
 have been loaded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Subequations
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module provides a straightforward way to segregate subequations in LyX.
 See 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Subnumbering
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Page Layout
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Custom Header/Footer Text
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module requires the 
\family sans
Page
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\bar under
s
\bar default
tyle
\family default
 option in the 
\family sans
\bar under
D
\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
S
\bar default
ettings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Page
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Layout
\family default
 dialog to be set to 
\family typewriter
fancy
\family default
.
 It adds six environments to document classes which support the 
\family typewriter
fancyhdr
\family default
 package:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Left Header
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Center Header
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Right Header
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Left Footer
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Center Footer
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Right Footer
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Fancy Headers and Footers
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The default page layout is rather plain;
 for an 
\family sans
Article (Standard Class)
\family default
 document class,
 all you get is a centered page number at the bottom of the page.
 This document uses the 
\family sans
KOMA-Script Book
\family default
 class;
 so it appears to be a bit fancier.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Once the 
\family sans
Page
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\bar under
s
\bar default
tyle
\family default
 in 
\family sans
\bar under
D
\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
S
\bar default
ettings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Page Layout
\family default
 is set to 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

fancy
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 you will find that the page header is divided into three fields,
 not surprisingly labeled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

left
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

center
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 and 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

right
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 The footer is also divided into these three fields.
 The \SpecialChar LaTeX
 commands to set these fields in the simplest manner are 
\family typewriter

\backslash
lhead
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
chead
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
rhead
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
lfoot
\family default
,
 etc.
 Suppose you wish to put your name in the upper left hand corner of each page.
 Simply insert the following command in the preamble:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
lhead{John Q.
 DocWriter}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You will now see your name in the upper left.
 If a field has a default entry that you would like to get rid of (often the page number appears in the central footer) simply include a command with a blank argument,
 e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
cfoot{}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There is,
 however,
 an easier way to make simple changes.
 If you load the 
\family sans
\bar under
D
\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
S
\bar default
ettings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Page Layout\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom Header/Footer Text
\family default
 module,
 you will find you have six new environments corresponding to the six fields described above.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Let's get really fancy:
 lets put the section number with the word 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

Section 3) in the upper left,
 the page number (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

Page 4) in the upper right,
 your name in the lower left,
 and the date in the lower right.
 Use your newly enabled environments to add these entries:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\family sans
Left
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

header:

\family default
\series bold
 
\family roman
\series default
Section
\family typewriter
 
\family default

\backslash
thesection
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\family sans
Center header:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\family sans
Right header:

\family default
 
\family roman
Page
\family typewriter
 
\family default

\backslash
thepage
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\family sans
Left footer:

\family default
 
\family roman
John Q.
 DocWriter
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\family sans
Center footer:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\family sans
Right footer:

\family default
\series bold
 
\series default

\backslash
today
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Make sure you enter the commands 
\family typewriter

\backslash
thesection
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
thepage
\family default
 and 
\family typewriter

\backslash
today
\family default
 as \SpecialChar TeX
 Code commands
\series bold
.

\series default
 The commands 
\family typewriter

\backslash
thesection
\family default
 and
\family typewriter
 
\backslash
thepage
\family default
 access \SpecialChar LaTeX
’s section and page counters,
 and so print out the current section and page numbers.
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
today
\family default
 simply prints out today’s date.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The thicknesses of the horizontal rules drawn beneath the header and above the footer can also be modified.
 If you don't want one of the rules,
 set its thickness to 0.
 The header rule has a default thickness of 0.4pt,
 the footer rule is 0pt.
 For this you will need to use \SpecialChar TeX
 Code commands like
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family typewriter

\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
headrulewidth}{0.4pt}
\family default
 and
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family typewriter

\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
\family default
 to set the thicknesses.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can switch the header/footer settings on and off for individual pages using \SpecialChar TeX
 Code commands like 
\family typewriter

\backslash
thispagestyle{empty}
\family default
,
 
\family typewriter

\backslash
thispagestyle{plain}
\family default
,
 and 
\family typewriter

\backslash
thispagestyle{fancy}
\family default
.
 Simply insert them in the text on the page you want changed and mark them as \SpecialChar TeX
 code.
 In fact,
 title pages are marked as plain by default,
 while following pages are marked fancy when using the global fancy setting.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you want a header or footer to be on the outer side of a two sided document,
 you need to use something like:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
fancyfoot{}
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
fancyfoot[LE,RO]{
\backslash
thepage}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The first command clears all existing footers avoiding any conflicts with your new command.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can enter any of these commands,
 the simpler ones in any of your new environments,
 the more complex ones as \SpecialChar TeX
 Code commands,
 at any point in your document and they will take effect on the next page.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As a final example,
 it is possible to include an image in the header or footer.
 Suppose you want to put a company logo in the upper left hand corner.
 You might try something like this in 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
LaTeX Preamble
\family default
:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
lhead{
\backslash
resizebox{1in}{!}{
\backslash
includegraphics{logo.png}}}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
You may need to preface this with 
\family typewriter

\backslash
usepackage{graphics}
\family default
 if you don't include graphics elsewhere in your document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For more information on fancy headers,
 you can get the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
fancyhdr
\end_layout

\end_inset

 documentation from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CTAN"
target "http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fancyhdr"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Landscape Document Parts
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module outputs parts of the document in landscape mode using 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom Insets\SpecialChar menuseparator
Landscape
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom Insets\SpecialChar menuseparator
Landscape (Floating)
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:Multiple-Columns"

\end_inset

Multiple Columns
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module uses the 
\family sans
multicol
\family default

\begin_inset Index idx
range none
pageformat default
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
-packages !
 multicol
\end_layout

\end_inset

 package and is independent of the option 
\family sans
Two-
\bar under
c
\bar default
olumn document
\family default
 in the 
\family sans
\bar under
D
\bar default
ocument\SpecialChar menuseparator

\bar under
S
\bar default
ettings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Layout
\family default
 dialog.
 If you want to have two columns for the whole document,
 you are recommended to use the 
\family sans
Two-
\bar under
c
\bar default
olumn document
\family default
 option.
 For all other cases use this module.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Footnotes within multiple columns will be placed at the bottom of the page and not under each column.
 Within the different columns you can use everything,
 with the limitation that for floats you need to check the option 
\family sans
\bar under
S
\bar default
pan
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

columns
\family default
 in 
\family sans
\bar under
E
\bar default
dit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Flo
\bar under
a
\bar default
t
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Settings
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Basics
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you want to have two columns in your text,
 insert a multicolumn inset via the menu 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Insets\SpecialChar menuseparator
Multiple
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Columns
\family default
 where the columns should start.
 Write all text that should be printed in 2
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

columns into this inset.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Here is an example:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\noindent

\series bold
\size small
The Adventure of the Empty House
\series default

\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

by 
\noun on
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
It was in the spring of the year 1894 that all London was interested,
 and the fashionable world dismayed,
 by the murder of the Honourable Ronald Adair under most unusual and inexplicable circumstances.
 The public has already learned those particulars of the crime which came out in the police investigation,
 but a good deal was suppressed upon that occasion,
 since the case for the prosecution was so overwhelmingly strong that it was not necessary to bring forward all the facts.
 Only now,
 at the end of nearly ten years,
 am I allowed to supply those missing links which make up the whole of that remarkable chain.
 The crime was of interest in itself,
 but that interest was as nothing to me compared to the inconceivable sequel,
 which afforded me the greatest shock and surprise of any event in my adventurous life.
 Even now,
 after this long interval,
 I find myself thrilling as I think of it,
 and feeling once more that sudden flood of joy,
 amazement,
 and incredulity which utterly submerged my mind.
 Let me say to that public,
 which has shown some interest in those glimpses which I have occasionally given them of the thoughts and actions of a very remarkable man,
 that they are not to blame me if I have not shared my knowledge with them,
 for I should have considered it my first duty to do so,
 had I not been barred by a positive prohibition from his own lips,
 which was only withdrawn upon the third of last month.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To get 3 or more columns,
 set the cursor into the multicolumn inset and use the menu 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Number
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

of
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Columns
\family default
.
 The number of the desired columns is written into that inset (for 3
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

columns write 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

3
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

).
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Here is an example with 3
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

columns:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size footnotesize
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

3
\end_layout

\end_inset

It can be imagined that my close intimacy with Sherlock Holmes had interested me deeply in crime,
 and that after his disappearance I never failed to read with care the various problems which came before the public.
 And I even attempted,
 more than once,
 for my own private satisfaction,
 to employ his methods in their solution,
 though with indifferent success.
 There was none,
 however,
 which appealed to me like this tragedy of Ronald Adair.
 As I read the evidence at the inquest,
 which led up to a verdict of willful murder against some person or persons unknown,
 I realized more clearly than I had ever done the loss which the community had sustained by the death of Sherlock Holmes.
 There were points about this strange business which would,
 I was sure,
 have specially appealed to him,
 and the efforts of the police would have been supplemented,
 or more probably anticipated,
 by the trained observation and the alert mind of the first criminal agent in Europe.
 All day,
 as I drove upon my round,
 I turned over the case in my mind and found no explanation which appeared to me to be adequate.
 At the risk of telling a twice-told tale,
 I will recapitulate the facts as they were known to the public at the conclusion of the inquest.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can have up to 10
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

columns if you want to,
 but that might not be very pleasant for the readers of your document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Columns inside Columns
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can also have columns inside columns:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size footnotesize
The Honourable Ronald Adair was the second son of the Earl of Maynooth,
 at that time governor of one of the Australian colonies.
 Adair's mother had returned from Australia to undergo the operation for cataract,
 and she,
 her son Ronald,
 and her daughter Hilda were living together at 427 Park Lane.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size footnotesize
The youth moved in the best society
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

– had,
 so far as was known,
 no enemies and no particular vices.
 He had been engaged to Miss Edith Woodley,
 of Carstairs,
 but the engagement had been broken off by mutual consent some months before,
 and there was no sign that it had left any very profound feeling behind it.
 For the rest {sic} the man's life moved in a narrow and conventional circle,
 for his habits were quiet and his nature unemotional.
 Yet it was upon this easy-going young aristocrat that death came,
 in most strange and unexpected form,
 between the hours of ten and eleven-twenty on the night of March 30,
 1894.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size footnotesize
Ronald Adair was fond of cards
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

– playing continually,
 but never for such stakes as would hurt him.
 He was a member of the Baldwin,
 the Cavendish,
 and the Bagatelle card clubs.
 It was shown that,
 after dinner on the day of his death,
 he had played a rubber of whist at the latter club.
 He had also played there in the afternoon.

\size default
 
\size footnotesize
The evidence of those who had played with him
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

– Mr.
 Murray,
 Sir John Hardy,
 and Colonel Moran
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

– showed that the game was whist,
 and that there was a fairly equal fall of the cards.
 Adair might have lost five pounds,
 but not more.
 His fortune was a considerable one,
 and such a loss could not in any way affect him.
 He had played nearly every day at one club or other,
 but he was a cautious player,
 and usually rose a winner.
 It came out in evidence that,
 in partnership with Colonel Moran,
 he had actually won as much as four hundred and twenty pounds in a sitting,
 some weeks before,
 from Godfrey Milner and Lord Balmoral.
 So much for his recent history as it came out at the inquest.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Advanced Examples
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The examples in this section show some more special features of multiple columns.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For more features of multiple columns,
 have a look at the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "documentation"
target "http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/tools/multicol.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

 of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
-package 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
multicol
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Preface
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To add a preface text for multiple columns,
 set the cursor into the multicolumn inset and use the menu 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preface
\family default
.
 Write your preface text into that inset.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

This is an example with some preface text:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Argument 2
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
And the story continues and continues and continues and continues\SpecialChar ldots

\end_layout

\end_inset


\size small
On the evening of the crime,
 he returned from the club exactly at ten.
 His mother and sister were out spending the evening with a relation.
 The servant deposed that she heard him enter the front room on the second floor,
 generally used as his sitting-room.
 She had lit a fire there,
 and as it smoked she had opened the window.
 No sound was heard from the room until eleven-twenty,
 the hour of the return of Lady Maynooth and her daughter.
 Desiring to say good-night,
 she attempted to enter her son's room.
 The door was locked on the inside,
 and no answer could be got to their cries and knocking.
 Help was obtained,
 and the door forced.
 The unfortunate young man was found lying near the table.
 His head had been horribly mutilated by an expanding revolver bullet,
 but no weapon of any sort was to be found in the room.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can also use a section heading as the preface if you use a section command as \SpecialChar TeX
 Code.
 For example the command
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
subsection{subsection title}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
creates a subsection.
 In this example the preface is a subsubsection:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Argument 2
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
subsubsection{
\end_layout

\end_inset

This is a subsubsection heading as a preface
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\size small
A minute examination of the circumstances served only to make the case more complex.
 In the first place,
 no reason could be given why the young man should have fastened the door upon the inside.
 There was the possibility that the murderer had done this,
 and had afterwards escaped by the window.
 The drop was at least twenty feet,
 however,
 and a bed of crocuses in full bloom lay beneath.
 Neither the flowers nor the earth showed any sign of having been disturbed,
 nor were there any marks upon the narrow strip of grass which separated the house from the road.
 Apparently,
 therefore,
 it was the young man himself who had fastened the door.
 But how did he come by his death?
 No one could have climbed up to the window without leaving traces.
 Suppose a man had fired through the window,
 he would indeed be a remarkable shot who could with a revolver inflict so deadly a wound.
 Again,
 Park Lane is a frequented thoroughfare;
 there is a cab stand within a hundred yards of the house.
 No one had heard a shot.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If there is less vertical space than six text lines is left on the page at the beginning of the multiple columns,
 a page break will be inserted before the multiple columns.
 Depending on the number of lines of the preface text,
 you might want to change this space.
 This is done by setting the cursor into the mulitcolumn inset behind the preface (if there is any) and using the menu 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Space
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Before
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Page
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Break
\family default
.
 Insert into that inset the amount of space like e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset


\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

5cm
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

In this example the space is set to 7
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

text lines by using 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
7
\backslash
baselineskip
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (where the command 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
baselineskip
\end_layout

\end_inset

 needs to be inserted as \SpecialChar TeX
 code):
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Argument 3
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
7
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
baselineskip
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\size small
On the evening of the crime,
 he returned from the club exactly at ten.
 His mother and sister were out spending the evening with a relation.
 The servant deposed that she heard him enter the front room on the second floor,
 generally used as his sitting-room.
 She had lit a fire there,
 and as it smoked she had opened the window.
 No sound was heard from the room until eleven-twenty,
 the hour of the return of Lady Maynooth and her daughter.
 Desiring to say good-night,
 she attempted to enter her son's room.
 The door was locked on the inside,
 and no answer could be got to their cries and knocking.
 Help was obtained,
 and the door forced.
 The unfortunate young man was found lying near the table.
 His head had been horribly mutilated by an expanding revolver bullet,
 but no weapon of any sort was to be found in the room.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Surrounding Space
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The amount of space before and after multiple columns can be changed by changing the length 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
multicolsep
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 For example the command
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
multicolsep}{3cm}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
in \SpecialChar TeX
 Code changes its value to 3
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

cm.
 The change must be made before the multiple columns' start.
 The predefined value is 13
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

pt.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For this example 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
multicolsep
\end_layout

\end_inset

 was set to 2.5
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

cm:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
multicolsep}{2.5cm}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
All day I turned these facts over in my mind,
 endeavouring to hit upon some theory which could reconcile them all,
 and to find that line of least resistance which my poor friend had declared to be the starting-point of every investigation.
 I confess that I made little progress.
 In the evening I strolled across the Park,
 and found myself about six o'clock at the Oxford Street end of Park Lane.
 A group of loafers upon the pavements,
 all staring up at a particular window,
 directed me to the house which I had come to see.
 A tall,
 thin man with coloured glasses,
 whom I strongly suspected of being a plain-clothes detective,
 was pointing out some theory of his own,
 while the others crowded round to listen to what he said.
 I got as near him as I could,
 but his observations seemed to me to be absurd,
 so I withdrew again in some disgust.
 As I did so I struck against an elderly,
 deformed man,
 who had been behind me,
 and I knocked down several books which he was carrying.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Note:

\series default
 The values you set with 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
setlength
\end_layout

\end_inset

 will be used for all following multiple columns until you change them again.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
multicolsep}{13pt}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
go back to the default
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Column Breaks
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A column break can be forced by inserting the command 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
columnbreak{}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 as \SpecialChar TeX
 Code to that position in the text where the column should be broken.
 Note that this leads in most cases to whitespace in the text.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Here is an example:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

You're surprised to see me,
 sir,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 said he,
 in a strange,
 croaking voice.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
I acknowledged that I was.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Well,
 I've a conscience,
 sir,
 and when I chanced to see you go into this house,
 as I came hobbling after you,
 I thought to myself,
 I'll just step in and see that kind gentleman,
 and tell him that if I was a bit gruff in my manner there was not any harm meant,
 and that I am much obliged to him for picking up my books.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

You make too much of a trifle,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 said I.
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

May I ask how you knew who I was?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 AFTER THIS SENTENCE THE COLUMN BREAK IS FORCED.
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
columnbreak{}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Well,
 sir,
 if it isn't too great a liberty,
 I am a neighbour of yours,
 for you'll find my little bookshop at the corner of Church Street,
 and very happy to see you,
 I am sure.
 Maybe you collect yourself,
 sir.
 Here's 
\noun on
British
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Birds
\noun default
,
 and 
\noun on
Catullus
\noun default
,
 and 
\noun on
The Holy War
\noun default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

– a bargain,
 every one of them.
 With five volumes you could just fill that gap on that second shelf.
 It looks untidy,
 does it not,
 sir?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Column Separation
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The width of the columns is automatically calculated,
 but you can modify the space between the columns.
 This is done by changing the length 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
columnsep
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Its predefined value is 10
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

pt.
 Here is an example where 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
columnsep
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is set to 3
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

cm:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnsep}{3cm}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
My observations of No.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

427 Park Lane did little to clear up the problem in which I was interested.
 The house was separated from the street by a low wall and railing,
 the whole not more than five feet high.
 It was perfectly easy,
 therefore,
 for anyone to get into the garden,
 but the window was entirely inaccessible,
 since there was no water pipe or anything which could help the most active man to climb it.
 More puzzled than ever,
 I retraced my steps to Kensington.
 I had not been in my study five minutes when the maid entered to say that a person desired to see me.
 To my astonishment it was none other than my strange old book collector,
 his sharp,
 wizened face peering out from a frame of white hair,
 and his precious volumes,
 a dozen of them at least,
 wedged under his right arm.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnsep}{10pt}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
go back to the default
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Vertical Lines
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Between the columns a rule with a width of the length 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
columnseprule
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is placed.
 If this rule width is set to 0
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

pt (this is the default),
 the rule is suppressed.
 In the following example the rule is 2
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

pt wide:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnseprule}{2pt}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

You're surprised to see me,
 sir,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 said he,
 in a strange,
 croaking voice.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
I acknowledged that I was.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Well,
 I've a conscience,
 sir,
 and when I chanced to see you go into this house,
 as I came hobbling after you,
 I thought to myself,
 I'll just step in and see that kind gentleman,
 and tell him that if I was a bit gruff in my manner there was not any harm meant,
 and that I am much obliged to him for picking up my books.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

You make too much of a trifle,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 said I.
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

May I ask how you knew who I was?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Well,
 sir,
 if it isn't too great a liberty,
 I am a neighbour of yours,
 for you'll find my little bookshop at the corner of Church Street,
 and very happy to see you,
 I am sure.
 Maybe you collect yourself,
 sir.
 Here's 
\noun on
British
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Birds
\noun default
,
 and 
\noun on
Catullus
\noun default
,
 and 
\noun on
The Holy War
\noun default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

– a bargain,
 every one of them.
 With five volumes you could just fill that gap on that second shelf.
 It looks untidy,
 does it not,
 sir?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The rule can be colored by redefining the command 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
columnseprulecolor
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 This is done by inserting the command
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
columnseprulecolor}{
\backslash
color{red}}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
as \SpecialChar TeX
 Code before the multicolumn inset.
 Replace 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
red
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in this command by a color of your choice.
 You can use all pre- and self-defined colors.
 See the 
\emph on
EmbeddedObjects
\emph default
 manual,
 section 
\emph on
Colored
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Tables
\emph default
 for more information about pre- and self-defined colors.
 To go back to the default color insert the command
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
columnseprulecolor}{
\backslash
normalcolor}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Here is the example with a cyan rule and 1
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

cm column separation:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnsep}{1cm}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
columnseprulecolor}{
\backslash
color{cyan}}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Multiple Columns
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

You're surprised to see me,
 sir,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 said he,
 in a strange,
 croaking voice.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
I acknowledged that I was.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Well,
 I've a conscience,
 sir,
 and when I chanced to see you go into this house,
 as I came hobbling after you,
 I thought to myself,
 I'll just step in and see that kind gentleman,
 and tell him that if I was a bit gruff in my manner there was not any harm meant,
 and that I am much obliged to him for picking up my books.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

You make too much of a trifle,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 said I.
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

May I ask how you knew who I was?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Well,
 sir,
 if it isn't too great a liberty,
 I am a neighbour of yours,
 for you'll find my little bookshop at the corner of Church Street,
 and very happy to see you,
 I am sure.
 Maybe you collect yourself,
 sir.
 Here's 
\noun on
British
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Birds
\noun default
,
 and 
\noun on
Catullus
\noun default
,
 and 
\noun on
The Holy War
\noun default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

– a bargain,
 every one of them.
 With five volumes you could just fill that gap on that second shelf.
 It looks untidy,
 does it not,
 sir?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
columnseprule}{0pt}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
columnseprulecolor}{
\backslash
normalcolor}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
go back to the default
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Paragraph Styles
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Custom Paragraph Shapes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
\SpecialChar LaTeX
 as well as any other text processor uses by default rectangular paragraphs.
 For special cases like for example posters,
 invitation cards or poems you can modify the paragraph shape to one of your choice.
 This module uses the 
\family sans
shapepar
\family default
 package to provide over a dozen paragraph shapes as well as commands to define custom shapes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Predefined shapes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
The shapepar
\family default
 package provides the following shapes:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="3">
<features booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="left" valignment="middle" width="16col%">
<column alignment="left" valignment="middle" width="40col%">
<column alignment="left" valignment="middle" width="35col%">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
\size small
Name
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
\size small
Description
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
\size small
Annotation
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="default">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
CDlabel
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Circle with circular hole (in the size of a CD/DVD)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Cannot be scaled,
 take care there is not too much text
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="default">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Circle
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Circle
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Fragile,
 calculation might fail
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="default">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Diamond
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Rhomboid (symbolizing a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

diamond
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="default">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Heart
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Heart-like shape
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="default">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Hexagon
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Hexagon
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="default">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Nut
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Nut for bolt (hexagon with circular hole)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="default">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Square
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Square
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="default">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Star
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Five-point star
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="default">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Candle
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Burning candle
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="default">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Drop down/up
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Normal/reversed rain drop
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Fragile,
 calculation might fail
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="default">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
\SpecialChar TeX

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
The \SpecialChar TeX
 logo
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="default">
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Triangle up/down/
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

left/right
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
Triangles in different orientations
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\size small
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To use a shape for your paragraph,
 simply select it in \SpecialChar LyX
's pull-down box for environments in the toolbar.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Here is an example paragraph in the shape of a nut:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Nut

\lang latin
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 consetetur sadipscing elitr,
 sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat,
 sed diam voluptua.
 At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
 Stet clita kasd gubergren,
 no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 consetetur sadipscing elitr,
 sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat,
 sed diam voluptua.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Note
\series default
:
 
\family sans
shapepar
\family default
 paragraphs cannot run over a page break.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The package 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
shapepar
\end_layout

\end_inset

 takes care that the shape will always be preserved,
 no matter how much text is in the paragraph.
 Therefore the paragraph size changes with the amount of contained text.
 This can lead to paragraph sizes exceeding the page margins.
 To demonstrate the size scaling,
 here is the same example paragraph but with twice as much text:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Nut

\lang latin
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 consetetur sadipscing elitr,
 sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat,
 sed diam voluptua.
 At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
 Stet clita kasd gubergren,
 no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 consetetur sadipscing elitr,
 sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat,
 sed diam voluptua.
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 consetetur sadipscing elitr,
 sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat,
 sed diam voluptua.
 At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
 Stet clita kasd gubergren,
 no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 consetetur sadipscing elitr,
 sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat,
 sed diam voluptua.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
An exception is the shape 
\family sans
CDlabel
\family default
.
 It cannot be scaled because it must fit the size of a CD/DVD.
 Therefore the amount of text that fits into the shape is limited.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The 
\family sans
drop
\family default
 shapes and the 
\family sans
circle
\family default
 shape are fragile,
 meaning that the calculation of their size can fail,
 depending on the amount of text.
 You will then get the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 error 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Arithmetic overflow
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 In this case one can try to remove or add some text;
 if nothing works one has to use another shape.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For shapes with tips you will maybe see that \SpecialChar LaTeX
's hyphenation routine fails for text in the tips.
 Therefore it is often necessary to add hyphenation points 
\family sans
(
\begin_inset Info
type  "shortcut"
arg   "specialchar-insert hyphenation"
\end_inset


\family default
) to the corresponding text parts.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Shapepar paragraphs are either always centered or placed on the page so that their left border touches the left page margin.
 You can therefore not use the paragraph dialog to align such paragraphs.
 A solution is to put the paragraph into a minipage or parbox and align the box.
 The problem is hereby to find the right width for the box.
 Because if it is too wide and you center the box,
 the paragraph is not centered too because it sticks at the left side of the box.
 So you might have to play a bit with the width until it fits.
 Here are two heart-shaped paragraphs,
 the first one is not aligned,
 the second one is right-aligned:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Heart
\noindent

\lang latin
Lo\SpecialChar softhyphen
rem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 consetetur sadipscing elitr,
 sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat,
 sed diam voluptua.
 At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
 Stet clita kasd gubergren,
 no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
\align right
\begin_inset Box Frameless
position "t"
hor_pos "c"
has_inner_box 1
inner_pos "t"
use_parbox 1
use_makebox 0
width "42col%"
special "none"
height "1in"
height_special "totalheight"
thickness "0.4pt"
separation "3pt"
shadowsize "4pt"
framecolor "black"
backgroundcolor "none"
status open

\begin_layout Heart
\noindent

\lang latin
Lo\SpecialChar softhyphen
rem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 consetetur sadipscing elitr,
 sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat,
 sed diam voluptua.
 At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
 Stet clita kasd gubergren,
 no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Custom shapes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can define any shape you want.
 Doing this manually is a lot of work because every coordinate must be specified.
 But there is a way to let the computer calculate the coordinates:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Install the program 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Jpgfdraw"
target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/graphics/jpgfdraw"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
In 
\family sans
Jpgfdraw
\family default
 go to the menu 
\family sans
TeX/LaTeX\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Set Normal Size
\family default
 and select the font size you are using in your document.
 For example this document uses the size 12
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

pt.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Draw a shape.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Use the menu 
\family sans
TeX/LaTeX\SpecialChar menuseparator
Shapepar
\family default
 to export the shape to coordinates.
 In the appearing dialog use either the outline of your shape for the coordinates or the path itself.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
For more information see 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "http://www.dickimaw-books.com/apps/jpgfdraw/manual/shapepar.html"
literal "false"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The coordinates are written into a \SpecialChar TeX
 file.
 To use it for your \SpecialChar LyX
 document
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Place the cursor before the first character of your paragraph (or into a new empty one).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Open in \SpecialChar LyX
 the menu 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Child
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Document
\family default
,
 select the file and use 
\family sans
Input
\family default
 as 
\family sans
Include Type.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Note
\series default
:
 The changed shape only applies to the current paragraph;
 everything is reset to normal for the next paragraph.
 Therefore the shape definition file must be input into every paragraph with the desired shape.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Here is an example:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset include
LatexCommand input
filename "SpecialParagraphShape.tex"
literal "true"

\end_inset


\lang latin
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 consetetur sadipscing elitr,
 sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat,
 sed diam voluptua.
 At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
 Stet clita kasd gubergren,
 no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
 consetetur sadipscing elitr,
 sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat,
 sed diam voluptua.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\series bold
A tip:

\series default
 to draw complexer shapes in 
\family sans
Jpgfdraw
\family default
 you can draw the shape in a program of your choice and import the resulting image to 
\family sans
Jpgfdraw
\family default
.
 Then you only need to draw a line or spline along the outline of the image.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The module 
\family sans
Custom paragraph shapes
\family default
 also provides the two commands 
\family sans
shapepar
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Shapepar
\family default
 which can be used to define custom shapes coordinate by coordinate.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
These commands are internally used for all shapes described here.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 For information how these styles are used and about further customization possibilities,
 have a look at the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "documentation"
target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/shapepar/shapepar.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

 of the package 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
shapepar
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Hanging Paragraphs
\end_layout

\begin_layout Hanging
This module adds the 
\family sans
Hanging
\family default
 paragraph style,
 that is,
 one where all but the first line of the paragraph is indented.
 This may not appear in your \SpecialChar LyX
 document but will appear in the final output.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Initials"

\end_inset

Initials (Drop Caps)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Initial
\begin_inset Argument 2
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
T
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Argument 3
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
his
\end_layout

\end_inset

 module adds a drop capitals paragraph style 
\family sans
Initials
\family default
 for paragraph environments which you can use wherever you want to have drop capitals.
 You then have three more items in the 
\family sans
Insert
\family default
 menu:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Initial
\family default
 which creates an inset for the drop capital
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Rest of initial
\family default
 which creates an inset for the rest of the word
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize

\family sans
Options
\family default
 which allow you configure the formatting of the drop capital.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To customize the appearance of the style,
 see 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Embedded Objects\SpecialChar menuseparator
Objects Surrounded by Text\SpecialChar menuseparator
Initials
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Text Markup
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Hyphenatable Text Markup (Soul)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This modul defines text styles to highlight,
 space-out,
 strike-through,
 underline and capitalize/small-cap text by means of the 
\family sans
soul
\family default
 package.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As opposed to the markup provided by the Text Properties dialog,
 words marked-up with 
\family sans
soul
\family default
 are hyphenated.
 See the 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "soul documentation"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/generic/soul/soul.pdf"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Logical Markup
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This module defines some character styles for logical markup:
 
\noun on

\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\noun on
noun
\end_layout

\end_inset


\noun default
,
 
\emph on

\begin_inset Flex Emph
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\emph on
emph
\end_layout

\end_inset


\emph default
,
 
\begin_inset Flex Strong
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
strong
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
code
\end_layout

\end_inset

 which are accessed via the 
\family sans
\bar under
E
\bar default
dit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\bar under
S
\bar default
tyles
\family default
 menu.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Bibliography
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The most basic information about how to use Bib\SpecialChar TeX
 or 
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
 with \SpecialChar LyX
 is contained in the section 
\emph on
Bibliography databases
\emph default
 of the 
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
 The following subsections explain special bibliography features supported by \SpecialChar LyX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Alternative Citation Styles
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Standard Bib\SpecialChar TeX
 uses numbers (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset


\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

[12]
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

) to refer to a cited work.
 However,
 in many scientific disciplines,
 other citation styles are in use.
 The most common one is the author-year style (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset


\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Knuth 1984a
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

).
 \SpecialChar LyX
 supports three packages that provide this style,
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
biblatex
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
natbib
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
jurabib
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Each of these packages has their pros and cons,
 which cannot be listed in detail.
 If you only want to have simple author-year (or author-numerical) style,
 or if you want to use one of the countless style files for 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
natbib
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 then the established 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
natbib
\end_layout

\end_inset

 package is probably your choice.
 If you look for specific citation styles common in law studies,
 you might consider the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
jurabib
\end_layout

\end_inset

 package.
 If you want to have full control over the formatting or look for advanced features such as ibidem,
 footnote citations,
 full title citations,
 advanced date formats (such as 400 BC) or full localization to other languages than English,
 you should definitely consider 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
biblatex
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 which exceeds all other packages in terms of features,
 but is also quite heavy and more resource-hungry.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The handling of these packages in \SpecialChar LyX
 is basically the same.
 Go to 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
 and select under 
\family sans
Bibliography
\family default
 the 
\family sans
Style Format
\family default
 
\family sans
Basic (BibTeX)
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Biblatex (Natbib mode)
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Natbib (BibTeX)
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Jurabib (BibTeX)
\family default
 (see sec.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

6.5.3 in the User's Guide for more information on these choices).
 With all these packages,
 you will get some extra features in the citation dialog and you can select the style of the reference (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Knuth 1984
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Knuth (1984)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Knuth,
 1984
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

1984
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 etc.).
 Note that either package needs specifically designed style files.
 They all ship their own,
 but there are lots of additional style files,
 and there is even an interactive style file builder
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
See 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/custom-bib/
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

 for 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
natbib
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Subdivided Bibliographies
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Sometimes you might need to divide your bibliography into several sections.
 If you are for instance a historian,
 the possibility to separate sources and scientific works is most likely a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

must have
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 Unfortunately,
 Bib\SpecialChar TeX
 itself does not allow you to do this.
 But with the help of some \SpecialChar LaTeX
 packages,
 Bib\SpecialChar TeX
 can be extended to fit your needs.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 provides native support for one of these packages,
 
\family typewriter
bibtopic
\family default
.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Available from 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/bibtopic/
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

 The advantage of this package (compared to other packages such as 
\family typewriter
multibib
\family default
) is that you don't need to define new citation commands.
 Instead,
 you need to prepare different bibliographic databases which include the entries for the different sections of the bibliography.
 For example:
 If you want to divide your bibliography into the sections 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Sources
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Scientific works
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 you first need to create two bibliographic databases,
 e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sources.bib
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
scientific.bib
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Go to 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
 and check under 
\family sans
Bibliography
\family default
 the option 
\family sans
Subdivided bibliography
\family default
.
 Now you can insert multiple Bib\SpecialChar TeX
 bibliographies,
 one for each section of your bibliography.
 Returning to our example:
 Insert the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
 bibliography 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sources.bib
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and a second one for the database 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
scientific.bib
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 You are free to use the same or different styles for each section.
 Additionally,
 you can choose if the bibliography section should contain 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

all cited references
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 of the specified database(s) (which is the default),
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

all uncited references
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or even 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

all references
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 This might be useful if you would like to separate your bibliography into three sections:
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Cited sources
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Uncited sources
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 and 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Scientific works
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 The titles for the sections can be added as ordinary sections or subsections.
 Since 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
bibtopic
\end_layout

\end_inset

 removes the bibliography title,
 you have to manually re-add that,
 too (as a chapter* or section*,
 for instance).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
With 
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
,
 the procedure is a bit different.
 Since 
\family typewriter
bibtopic
\family default
 does not work with 
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
,
 the aforementioned 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Subdivided bibliography
\end_layout

\end_inset

 option is disabled if you use 
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
.
 However,
 
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
 provides its own means to generate subdivided bibliographies.
 You can either add keywords to bibliography entries via the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
keywords
\end_layout

\end_inset

 entry option and then filter bibliography sections by keyword (by adding 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
keyword=mykeyword
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to the 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Options
\end_layout

\end_inset

 field of the dialog that opens if you left-click on the 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Biblatex Generated Bibliography
\end_layout

\end_inset

 button),
 or you can filter by entry types (such as 
\emph on
book
\emph default
 or 
\emph on
article
\emph default
) by entering e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
type=book
\end_layout

\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
nottype=collection
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to the mentioned 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Options
\end_layout

\end_inset

 field,
 or you can create so-called 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Bibliography Categories
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 to which you can assign individual entries.
 Please refer to the Biblatex manual,
 section 
\emph on
Subdivided Bibliographies
\emph default
,
 for details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Multiple Bibliographies
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Multiple-Bibliographies"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Multiple bibliographies,
 e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

a bibliography for each part,
 chapter,
 section,
 subsection or child (sub-document) of the document,
 are also supported by \SpecialChar LyX
.
 In order to enable it,
 go to 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Bibliography
\family default
 and select the relevant unit (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

per section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

) in the 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Multiple Bibliographies
\end_layout

\end_inset

 combo box.
 Then add a Bib(la)\SpecialChar TeX
 bibliography to each unit (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.,
 section) of your document.
 In the output,
 a separate bibliography,
 containing only the references done in the current unit is generated.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you use Bib\SpecialChar TeX
,
 either the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
chapterbib
\end_layout

\end_inset

 or the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
bibtopic
\end_layout

\end_inset

 package is used to create multiple bibliographies.
 The former package is used if you select 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

per child document
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and do 
\emph on
not
\emph default
 check 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Sectioned Bibliography
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 In all other cases,
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
bibtopic
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is used.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
An alternative approach,
 if you are willing to use some 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar TeX
 Code
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Inserting-TeX-Code"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

),
 is to use the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
bibunits
\end_layout

\end_inset

 package.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 If 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
bibtopic
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is used,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 encloses the specified units in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
bibtopic
\end_layout

\end_inset

's 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
begin{btUnit}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
end{btUnit}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in order to create the units.
 Note that this approach has some limitations.
 First,
 every citation reference has to be inside some 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
btUnit
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 So citations outside a defined unit (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.,
 before the first section if you use 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

by section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

) will appear as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

???
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 You can also create your own units by entering 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
begin{btUnit}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
end{btUnit}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 as \SpecialChar TeX
 code (for instance to work around the mentioned limitation).
 Note,
 though,
 that 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
btUnit
\end_layout

\end_inset

s cannot be nested.
 A second limitation is that 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
bibtopic
\end_layout

\end_inset

 always processes all references of a bibliography database,
 even if they are not cited.
 This can result in odd labels (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Miller 2014b
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 if two works of this author from 2014 are in the database,
 even if only one is cited).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you use 
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
,
 the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
refsection
\end_layout

\end_inset

 option is used instead.
 If you need specific units,
 you can start them with the \SpecialChar TeX
 code 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
newrefsection
\end_layout

\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
newrefsegment
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 respectively.
 If you also want to control the end of the unit,
 use the environment 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
begin{refsection}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 \SpecialChar ldots
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
end{refsection}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 instead.
 Note,
 though,
 that 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
refsection
\end_layout

\end_inset

s cannot be nested.
 In addition to the individual bibliography of the current unit,
 
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
 also provides an easy way to output all bibliographies,
 subsequently,
 at one place (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.,
 at the end of the document).
 Select 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

all reference units
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 from the Content combo box of the Bib(la)TeX inset dialog in order to achieve this.
 Please refer to the 
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
 manual for more information on this topic.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Bullets
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "chap:bullets"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
by
\noun on
 Allan Rae
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 provides 216 bullet shapes that can be accessed from a simple dialog.
 Using this dialog you can easily specify what bullet shape to use at each level of an itemized list.
 These settings are document-wide so you won't be able to specify different sets of bullets for different paragraphs.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Well,
 actually you can but you'll have to do it by hand.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
How it looks
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Open the dialog by selecting the 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
 menu item and then select the 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Bullets
\end_layout

\end_inset

 tab.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The dialog provides you with a table of bullet shapes.
 A column of buttons on the left of the table provides access to the six different panels of bullet shapes.
 The row of buttons across the top is used to select which bullet depth you are changing.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you select 
\family sans
Custom bullet
\family default
,
 a text entry under the table will be activated in which you can enter a bullet shape's \SpecialChar LaTeX
 equivalent.
 If you do modify the text you will also need to specify any needed packages in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 preamble.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The six panels are divided up by the packages they require.
 The following table shows the mappings from button name to \SpecialChar LaTeX
 package.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
Button
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
Packages Required
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
Standard
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
base \SpecialChar LaTeX

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
Maths
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family typewriter
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
amssymb.sty
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
Ding1
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family typewriter
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
pifont.sty
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
Ding2
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family typewriter
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
pifont.sty
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
Ding3
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family typewriter
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
pifont.sty
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
Ding4
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family typewriter
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
pifont.sty
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 doesn't stop you using bullets from packages you don't have.
 If you get errors from \SpecialChar LaTeX
 when you try to view or print the file,
 then it is likely you are missing a package.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LyX
 doesn't restrict your use since you may be editing locally and exporting elsewhere.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:How-to-use"

\end_inset

How to use it
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Select which bullet depth you want to change then select the bullet shape and size.
 Any changes will not be visible in \SpecialChar LyX
,
 but are visible when viewing the document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can reset a bullet shape to the default simply by clicking your right mouse button on the appropriate bullet depth button.
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fn:If-you-really"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you 
\emph on
really
\emph default
 want to have multiple sets of paragraphs with different sets of bullets in each,
 then you're going to have to get your hands dirty with \SpecialChar TeX
 code.
 The bullet selection dialog can help though because it provides you with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code for a wide range of bullet shapes.
 To make your own custom paragraphs you have the following options:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
let
\backslash
savelabelitemi=
\backslash
labelitemi
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
renewcommand
\backslash
labelitemi[0]{
\backslash
small
\backslash
(
\backslash
sharp
\backslash
)}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Use the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 command 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
renewcommand
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to specify a new bullet shape for a given depth.
 You'll also need to save the current bullet shape so you can restore it again afterwards.
 In this itemized list the following \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code was used to change the bullet used for the first depth.
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
let
\backslash
savelabelitemi=
\backslash
labelitemi 
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
renewcommand
\backslash
labelitemi[0]{
\backslash
small
\backslash
(
\backslash
sharp
\backslash
)}
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Note that the itemize depth is specified in Roman numerals as part of the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
labelitem
\family default
 command.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Argument item:1
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset ERT
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
(
\backslash
star
\backslash
)
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

 Specify each individual entry by starting each item with the bullet shape enclosed in a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Custom Item
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 inset (available at 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom Item
\family default
) and set as 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar TeX
 Code
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 For example,
 this item was started with 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
(
\backslash
star
\backslash
)
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
renewcommand
\backslash
labelitemi[0]{
\backslash
savelabelitemi}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You'll also need to revert the labelitem back to its previous setting for the global bullet shape settings to remain in effect.
 The way used here was:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
renewcommand
\backslash
labelitemi[0]{
\backslash
savelabelitemi}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
Supplemental Tools
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Multipart Documents
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
General Operation
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When you are working on a large file with many sections,
 it is often convenient to break up the document into several files,
 or perhaps you have something where a table may change from time to time,
 but the preceding text does not.
 In these cases,
 you should seriously consider using multipart documents.
 For example,
 scientific papers often have five major sections:
 the introduction,
 observations,
 results,
 discussion,
 and conclusion.
 Each of these could be its own separate \SpecialChar LyX
 file,
 with one 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

master
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 file which contains the title,
 authors,
 abstract,
 references,
 etc.,
 plus the five included files.
 It is important to note that each of these files is a full \SpecialChar LyX
 file which can be formatted and printed on its own,
 as well as included in a master file.
 Each of these files must have the same document class,
 however—
don't attempt to mix book classes with article classes.
 You may also include \SpecialChar LaTeX
 files;
 however,
 these files must not have their own preamble (i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

e.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

everything up to and including the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
begin{document}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 line as well as the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
end{document}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 line must be deleted) or else errors will be generated when you try to make a DVI file.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 allows you to include files quite easily with 
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Child
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Document
\family default
.
 When you click on this selection a small box is inserted into the file at the current cursor location.
 Clicking on the box raises a dialog which allows you to select the file to be included,
 and the method of its inclusion.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The file selection box should by now be obvious.
 The three inclusion methods are 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

include
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

input
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 and 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

verbatim
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 The methods 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

include
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

input
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 are similar in many ways,
 but there are also some notable differences:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Files that are 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

included
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 are typeset beginning on a new page,
 while files that are 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

inputted
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 are typeset starting on the current page.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Included
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 files cannot themselves 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

include
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 further files (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

grandchilds
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

).
 With 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

input
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 on the other hand,
 infinite sub-inputting is possible.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Include
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 allow for the output of only selected 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

included
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 files,
 while maintaining the actual counters (pagination etc.) and references (please refer to the section 
\emph on
Child
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Documents
\emph default
 of the 
\emph on
Embedded
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Objects
\emph default
 manual for details).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Hence,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

include
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 is the preferred method for chapters that are outsourced to child documents,
 while 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

input
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 is more suitable for arbitrary file inheritance.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

verbatim
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 included file allows you to include a file typeset exactly as it appears in the file,
 i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

e.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
verbatim
\end_layout

\end_inset

 mode,
 with the characters set in a fixed-width typewriter font.
 Normally,
 spaces in this file are invisible,
 though two consecutive spaces are conserved,
 unlike \SpecialChar LyX
's normal treatment of spaces.
 However,
 setting the 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Mark
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

spaces
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

in
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

output
\end_layout

\end_inset

 checkbox typesets a mark to unambiguously define the presence of a space.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Generally,
 the master file is converted into a full \SpecialChar LaTeX
 file before typesetting,
 while the included files are converted to \SpecialChar LaTeX
 files that do not have all the preamble information.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Cross-References Between Files
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Box Shadowbox
position "t"
hor_pos "c"
has_inner_box 1
inner_pos "t"
use_parbox 0
use_makebox 0
width "100col%"
special "none"
height "1in"
height_special "totalheight"
thickness "0.4pt"
separation "3pt"
shadowsize "4pt"
framecolor "black"
backgroundcolor "none"
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
This section is somewhat out of date.
 Need to describe default master documents and how children are opened when the master is.
 [[FIXME]]
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It is possible to set up cross-references between the different files.
 First,
 open all the files in question:
 let's call them A and B in a two file example,
 where B is included in A.
 Let's say you insert a label in A,
 then want to reference it in B.
 Open the cross-reference dialog whilst in document B,
 and you can select the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

buffer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 to use.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bibliography Lists in all Subdocuments
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you work with child documents,
 you might want to have only one main bibliography at the end,
 but still be able to have a selected bibliography for the child if you output it on its own.
 Here is how to achieve this.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For the main document,
 you just insert a bibliography inset at the place where the main bibliography has to appear (within the master file or within a child).
 If the bibliography inset is in the master file,
 the references will be inherited by all children,
 so they are available in the citation dialog within each child.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For child-specific bibliographies,
 insert bibliography insets within the child documents,
 at the place where the bibliography should appear when the child is compiled separately.
 However,
 the trick is to insert them into a branch (
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Branch\SpecialChar menuseparator
Insert New Branch...
\family default
),
 e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
 called 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Childonly
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 Within the children,
 activate the branch (
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings...\SpecialChar menuseparator
Branches
\family default
).
 Within the master,
 deactivate the branch (
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings...\SpecialChar menuseparator
Branches
\family default
).
 Now the child's bibliography will be ignored by the master,
 but considered by the child.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you need multiple bibliographies (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.,
 one per child in the 
\emph on
main document
\emph default
),
 please refer to sec.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Multiple-Bibliographies"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
\SpecialChar LyX
 Archives
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Users sometimes need to be able to 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

bundle
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 a \SpecialChar LyX
 file together with all the images (and other files) on which it depends,
 either for sending to a publisher or for sharing with a co-author.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 includes a Python script (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxpak.py
\end_layout

\end_inset

) that automates this process.
 To use it,
 you must have either the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
zipfile
\end_layout

\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
tarfile
\end_layout

\end_inset

 python modules installed on your system.
 By default,
 the script prefers the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
gzip
\end_layout

\end_inset

-compressed 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
tar
\end_layout

\end_inset

 format on Unix-like systems and the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
zip
\end_layout

\end_inset

 format on Windows.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
's configuration process will set the script up to export a `\SpecialChar LyX
 Archive',
 and this format will then be available under 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Export
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Independently of the platform,
 the generation of a particular archive format can be forced by adding either the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-t
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (for the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
tar
\end_layout

\end_inset

 format) or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-z
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (for the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
zip
\end_layout

\end_inset

 format) switch to the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LyX
->\SpecialChar LyX
 Archive
\end_layout

\end_inset

 converter in 
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
File Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
Converters
\family default
.
 (Make sure you add the switch after the script name,
 not before it.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
\SpecialChar LyX
 and the World Wide Web
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 has long supported the export of documents to various web-friendly formats,
 such as HTML.
 Before version 2.0,
 however,
 HTML export was always accomplished by the use of external converters.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
For details on the use of external converters with \SpecialChar LyX
,
 see the 
\emph on
Converters
\emph default
 section of the Customization manual.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 These fall into two large groups:
 there are converters that use \SpecialChar LaTeX
 as an intermediate format,
 such as 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
htlatex
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
html2latex
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
plastex
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 relying upon \SpecialChar LyX
 to produce the \SpecialChar LaTeX
;
 and there is a converter that works directly on \SpecialChar LyX
 files,
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
e\SpecialChar LyX
er
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 All of these have different advantages and disadvantages.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The \SpecialChar LaTeX
-based converters have the advantage that,
 in principle,
 they know everything about the exported document that \SpecialChar LaTeX
 does.
 Such converters do not care,
 for example,
 if a certain block of code was produced by \SpecialChar LyX
 or was Evil Red Text.
 These converters know about 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
aux
\end_layout

\end_inset

 files,
 counters,
 and references,
 and can often make use of the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
bbl
\end_layout

\end_inset

 files generated by Bib\SpecialChar TeX
.
 On the other hand,
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 is a very hard language to parse—
it is sometimes said that only \SpecialChar TeX
 itself understands \SpecialChar TeX
—
and \SpecialChar LaTeX
-based converters will often choke on what seem to be quite simple constructs;
 complex ones can throw them completely,
 and as of this writing,
 for example,
 the 
\emph on
Embedded Objects
\emph default
 manual will not export with 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
htlatex
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 though the others will.
 The other issue concerns how math is handled.
 These converters typically convert the formulae into little pictures that are then linked from the HTML document.
 Since these are actually generated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
,
 they are accurate.
 But they do not scale well,
 and just getting them to look as if they are actually meant to be in your document—
so that the font sizes seem to be roughly the same—
can be a challenge.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Alex Fernandez's 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
e\SpecialChar LyX
er
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "http://pinchito.es/elyxer/"
target "http://pinchito.es/elyxer/"
literal "false"

\end_inset

) solves some of these problems.
 In particular,
 the formulae it produces scale perfectly,
 since it renders math using a combination of HTML and CSS rather than converting the formulae to images.
 But even moderately complex formula are rendered less well than with 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
htlatex
\end_layout

\end_inset

;
 this reflects the limitations of HTML.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
That said,
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
e\SpecialChar LyX
er
\end_layout

\end_inset

 can also use jsMath and MathJax for equations,
 but this setting is only available globally and requires one to have access to a server that runs the backend.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 More importantly (as of version 1.1.1,
 at least),
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
e\SpecialChar LyX
er
\end_layout

\end_inset

 has limited support for math macros and no support for user-defined paragraph or character styles.
 These limitations make 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
e\SpecialChar LyX
er
\end_layout

\end_inset

 unsuitable for many of the documents \SpecialChar LyX
 users produce.
 In principle,
 of course,
 these problems could be solved,
 but the \SpecialChar LyX
 developers have decided to follow a different path and have made \SpecialChar LyX
 itself capable of writing XHTML,
 just as it is capable of writing \SpecialChar LaTeX
,
 DocBook,
 and plaintext.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As of this writing,
 XHTML output remains under development and should probably be regarded as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

experimental
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
The file 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/HTML/HTML.notes
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 which can be found in the \SpecialChar LyX
 source tree or 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "accessed online"
target "https://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyxgit/development/HTML/HTML.notes?rev=master"
literal "false"

\end_inset

,
 usually contains up-to-date information about the state of XHTML output.
 See also the list of XHTML bugs on 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "the bug tracker"
target "https://www.lyx.org/trac/query?status=reopened&status=assigned&status=new&max=0&component=xhtml+export&order=id&col=id&col=summary&col=reporter&col=keywords&keywords=%21%7Efixedintrunk&desc=1"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Still,
 the developers have chosen this approach because it has several potential advantages over the other two.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
These advantages are primarily due to the fact that the XHTML output routines,
 since they are part of \SpecialChar LyX
,
 know everything \SpecialChar LyX
 knows about the document being exported.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Another advantage is that,
 since these routines are internal to \SpecialChar LyX
,
 they are immune to changes in \SpecialChar LyX
's file format,
 or to changes in the semantics of existing insets.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 So they know about the table of contents (as displayed in the outline),
 about the counters associated with different paragraph styles,
 and about user-defined styles.
 The XHTML output routines know what \SpecialChar LyX
 knows about internationalization,
 too,
 so they will output 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Chapter 1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\lang ngerman
Kapitel
\lang english
 1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 depending upon the language in effect at the time.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Quite generally,
 the output routines know what \SpecialChar LyX
 knows about document layout,
 that is,
 about how the document is to be rendered on screen.
 We use this information when we output the document as XHTML.
 In particular,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 
\emph on
automatically
\emph default
 generates CSS style information corresponding to the layout information it uses to render the document on screen:
 if section headings are supposed to be sans-serif and bold as seen in \SpecialChar LyX
,
 then (by default) they will be sans-serif and bold when viewed in a web browser,
 too.
 And this is true not just for pre-defined styles,
 like Section,
 but for any style,
 including user-defined styles.
 Indeed,
 the XHTML output routines make no distinction between user-defined paragraph and text styles and \SpecialChar LyX
's own pre-defined styles:
 in each case,
 everything \SpecialChar LyX
 knows about the styles is contained in the layout files.
 And much the same is true as regards pre-defined textual insets,
 such as footnotes,
 and various custom insets.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The result is that XHTML output can be customized and extended in exactly the same way \SpecialChar LaTeX
 output can be customized and extended:
 through layout files and modules.
 See chapter five of the 
\emph on
Customization 
\emph default
manual for the details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The remainder of this chapter contains more detailed information on XHTML output,
 its limitations,
 and ways to work around those limitations.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Math Output in XHTML
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 offers four choices for how math is rendered.
 These have various advantages and disadvantages:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
MathML
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

MathML is a dialect of XML designed specifically for mathematics on the web,
 and it typically renders very well in browsers that support it.
 The disadvantage is that not all browsers support MathML,
 and support is not complete even in the Gecko-based browsers,
 such as Firefox.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

If \SpecialChar LyX
 is unable to render a formula as MathML—
for example,
 if the formula uses the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
xymatrix
\end_layout

\end_inset

 package or ERT—
then it will instead output the formula as an image.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
HTML
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

As mentioned above,
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
elyxer
\end_layout

\end_inset

 outputs math as HTML,
 styled by CSS.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LyX
 has borrowed some of the CSS for its HTML output from 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
elyxer
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 For simple formulae,
 this can work quite well,
 though with more complicated formulae it tends to break down.
 Still,
 this method has the advantage that it is very widely supported and so it may be appropriate for documents that contain only a little,
 fairly simple math.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

If Lyx is unable to render a formula as HTML—
for example,
 if the formula uses the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
xymatrix
\end_layout

\end_inset

 package or ERT—
then it will instead output the formula as an image.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Images
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Like 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
htlatex
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 will output formulae as images,
 the very same images,
 in fact,
 that are used for instant preview.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Instant preview does 
\emph on
not 
\emph default
have to be on for images to be output,
 however.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 The advantage to this method is that the images are simply generated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
,
 so they are very accurate.
 The disadvantage,
 as mentioned earlier,
 is that these are bitmapped images,
 so they do not scale terribly well,
 and one cannot copy them,
 etc.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

The size of the images can be controlled by setting the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Math Images Scaling
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 parameter under 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Formats
\family default
.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
For those who want to know,
 this controls the resolution of the image in dots per inch and is based upon a default of 75 dpi.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

If \SpecialChar LyX
 for some reason fails to create an image for a formula (e.g.,
 if a required \SpecialChar LaTeX
 package is not installed),
 then it will fall back to outputing the raw \SpecialChar LaTeX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\SpecialChar LaTeX

\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Finally,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 will happily output math as \SpecialChar LaTeX
.
 As well as being the output of last resort,
 this method can be used with such tools as 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "jsMath"
target "http://www.math.union.edu/~dpvc/jsMath/"
literal "false"

\end_inset

,
 which uses JavaScript to render \SpecialChar LaTeX
 embedded in HTML documents.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 wraps the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 in either a 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
span
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (for inline formulas) or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
div
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (for displayed formulas) with 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
class='math'
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 as is required for jsMath.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
One of these output methods must be selected under 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Formats
\family default
.
 By default,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 outputs MathML.
 This is a document-wide setting,
 therefore.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Eventually,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 will offer the user the option to select an alternate output method for a particular inset,
 say,
 one that isn't being rendered very well by MathML.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
That said,
 since \SpecialChar LyX
 falls back to images if the inset contains ERT,
 then one can force output as an image by putting some harmless ERT into the math,
 for example:
 
\begin_inset Formula $a=b\relax$
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Bibliography and Citations
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
XHTML output fully supports bibliographies and citations.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Citation labels are generated by the same machinery that generates \SpecialChar LyX
's on-screen labels,
 so the labels will look in the output much as they do in \SpecialChar LyX
,
 though better.
 If you are using numerical citations,
 then \SpecialChar LyX
 will output numerical labels,
 such as [1] or [17],
 rather than simply showing the citation key in square brackets,
 as it does on-screen.
 If you are using author-year citations,
 then \SpecialChar LyX
 will add lowercase letters to the years,
 just as Bib\SpecialChar TeX
 does,
 if it finds more than one citation for a given author-year combination.
 The labels will be printed with the bibliography entries.
 Note that there is,
 at present,
 no way to customize the appearance of the labels,
 for example,
 to choose between square brackets and parentheses.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Bibliography output is handled by the same machinery that handles the presentation of reference information in the citation dialog,
 so you will see in the XHTML output pretty much what you would see if you were to look at a given entry in the citation dialog.
 The formatting can be customized in your layout file or,
 preferably,
 in a module.
 See the 
\emph on
Customization
\emph default
 manual for the details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The main defect at present is that cross-referenced information is printed with every entry with which it is associated.
 So you can see things like this:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
Jason Stanley,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Context and Logical Form
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 in 
\emph on
Language in Context:
 Selected Essays
\emph default
 (Oxford:
 Oxford University Press,
 2007),
 pp.
 30–68.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
Jason Stanley,
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Semantics in Context
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 in 
\emph on
Language in Context:
 Selected Essays
\emph default
 (Oxford:
 Oxford University Press,
 2007),
 pp.
 201–30.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This should be fixed before long.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There is no support at present for sectioned bibliographies.
 If you have multiple bibliographies,
 then \SpecialChar LyX
 will print the same bibliography over and over.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Indexes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 will happily export indexes as XHTML,
 but with certain limitations at the moment.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Index export will be most reliable when you do not attempt to use the fancy constructs that are described in the section on indexes in the 
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
The main issue here is that \SpecialChar LyX
 itself does not really handle these.
 It just lets you enter what you would have to enter in raw \SpecialChar LaTeX
.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 We'll describe how they are handled using the subsection headings from that section.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Grouping Index Entries (aka,
 sub-entries):
 \SpecialChar LyX
 makes an effort to support these,
 but the entries must be separated by 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

 !
 
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 that is,
 there must be spaces around the exclamation point.
 This is because it is otherwise too difficult to check for escaped exclamation points,
 ones in math,
 and so forth.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Page Ranges:
 There is no support at all for page ranges,
 since these make no sense with XHMTL.
 Instead,
 you will just get two index entries,
 one at either end.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Cross-referencing:
 There is no support for cross-referencing.
 If \SpecialChar LyX
 finds an entry containing the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

|see\SpecialChar ldots

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 construct,
 it is just dropped,
 and the rest is treated as an ordinary index entry.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Index Entry Order:
 \SpecialChar LyX
 does support attempts to fix the sorting order.
 It will take what is before the first `@' it finds and use that for sorting,
 taking what follows the first `@' to be the actual entry.
 At present,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 does not check for escaped `@',
 so do not try to index email addresses.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Index Entry Layout:
 You can format entries by using the text style dialog,
 or by using any other method available within \SpecialChar LyX
 itself.
 There is no support for constructs like:
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

entry|textbf
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 Indeed,
 if \SpecialChar LyX
 finds a pipe symbol,
 `|',
 in an entry,
 it will delete it and everything that follows it.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Multiple Indexes:
 There is no support for multiple indexes.
 Rather,
 all index entries will be printed as one large index.
 To avoid our printing several versions of the index,
 we print only the main index,
 so make sure you have one.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Nomenclature and Glossary
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There is at present no support for glossaries.
 Adding it would be fairly trivial,
 and welcome.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Chapter
DocBook Output
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Apart from HTML,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 can generate documents in the DocBook XML vocabulary.
 With versions 2.3 and before,
 only select templates could be used to generate DocBook documents (only version 4).
 Starting with \SpecialChar LyX
 2.4,
 most \SpecialChar LyX
 layouts can generate valid DocBook documents (only version 5).
 This feature is built into \SpecialChar LyX
 and does not require the use of external tools.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The result is that the DocBook output can be customized and extended in exactly the same way \SpecialChar LaTeX
 output can be customized and extended:
 through layout files and modules.
 See chapter five of the 
\emph on
Customization 
\emph default
manual for the details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Most \SpecialChar LyX
 features are supported with DocBook,
 like math output.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Math output is performed mostly in MathML (the major exception being constructions not supported by \SpecialChar LyX
,
 i.e.
 ERTs).
 All formulae are also available in raw \SpecialChar TeX
 in the DocBook output for further processing.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Bibliographies and citations are implemented,
 including with an external BibTeX file.
 Bibliography entries are not prerendered when the detailed information are available,
 but rather output with the standard DocBook constructs.
 The external DocBook processor is expected to handle the rendering of entries.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Indexes are supported,
 including multiple indices.
 Grouping (with 
\family typewriter
!
\family default
),
 page ranges,
 and cross-references (
\family typewriter
|see
\family default
) are supported,
 with the exception of the same symbols escaped.
 Entry order (
\family typewriter
@
\family default
) and layout (
\family typewriter
|mathbf
\family default
) are not supported.
 There is no support for escaping of index entries.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Glossaries are implemented.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Two major parameters can be set at the document level.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Format for tables:
 \SpecialChar LyX
 can generate tables either as HTML (default value) or CALS,
 depending on the user's requirements.
 Most DocBook processors accept both formats.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
MathML prefix:
 in DocBook,
 MathML is included within its own name space,
 unlike HTML.
 The implication is that there must be an indication of the tags belonging to the MathML standard.
 Three choices are offered:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Inline:
 the MathML name space is defined for each formula (using the 
\family typewriter
xmlns
\family default
 attribute on each formula)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
With the 
\family typewriter
m
\family default
 prefix (default):
 the MathML name space is defined at the document level (using the 
\family typewriter
xmlns:m
\family default
 attribute on the root element).
 Each MathML is prefixed with 
\family typewriter
m
\family default
:
 for instance,
 
\family typewriter
m:math
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
With the 
\family typewriter
mml
\family default
 prefix:
 similar to the 
\family typewriter
m
\family default
 option,
 but with 
\family typewriter
mml
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This option is especially useful if you want \SpecialChar LyX
 to match your personal style or to work with buggy software that only accepts one prefix for MathML.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Chapter
The \SpecialChar LyX
 Server
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The `\SpecialChar LyX
 server' allows other programs to talk to \SpecialChar LyX
,
 invoke \SpecialChar LyX
 commands,
 and retrieve information about the \SpecialChar LyX
 internal state.
 This is only intended for advanced users,
 but they should find it useful.
 It is by writing to the \SpecialChar LyX
 server,
 for example,
 that bibliography managers,
 such as JabRef,
 are able to 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

push
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 citations to \SpecialChar LyX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Starting the \SpecialChar LyX
 Server
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:Starting-the-Server"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The \SpecialChar LyX
 server works through the use of a pair of named pipes.
 These are usually located in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
UserDir
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 (except on Windows,
 where 
\emph on
local
\emph default
 named pipes are special objects located in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash

\backslash
.
\backslash
pipe
\end_layout

\end_inset

) and have the names 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxpipe.in
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxpipe.out
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 External programs write into 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxpipe.in
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and read back data from 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxpipe.out
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 The stem of the pipe names can be defined in the 
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences
\family default
 dialog,
 for example 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
"/home/myhome/lyxpipe"
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
"
\backslash

\backslash
.
\backslash
pipe
\backslash
lyxpipe"
\end_layout

\end_inset

 on Windows (where any working path instead of lyxpipe can be used,
 for example 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
"
\backslash

\backslash
.
\backslash
pipe
\backslash
my
\backslash
lyx
\backslash
pipe"
\end_layout

\end_inset

 would also work).
 You 
\emph on
must
\emph default
 configure this manually in order for the server to start.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 will add the '
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.in
\end_layout

\end_inset

' and '
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.out
\end_layout

\end_inset

' to create the pipes.
 If one of the pipes already exists,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 will assume that another \SpecialChar LyX
 process is already running and will not start the server.
 On POSIX (Unix like) systems,
 if for some other reason,
 an unused 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

stale
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 pipe is left in existence when \SpecialChar LyX
 closes,
 then \SpecialChar LyX
 will try to delete it.
 If this fails for some reason,
 you will need to delete the pipes manually and then restart \SpecialChar LyX
.
 On Windows,
 pipes are deleted by the OS on program termination or crash,
 so 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

stale
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 pipes should not be possible.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To have several \SpecialChar LyX
 processes with servers at the same time,
 you have to use different configurations,
 perhaps by using separate user directories,
 each with its own 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
preferences
\end_layout

\end_inset

 file,
 for each process.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you are developing a client program,
 you might find it useful to enable debugging information from the \SpecialChar LyX
 server.
 Do this by starting \SpecialChar LyX
 as 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyx -dbg lyxserver
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can find a complete example client written in C++ in the source distribution as 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/lyxserver/server_monitor.cpp
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Another useful tool is the command-line based client found in 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src/client/lyxclient
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Normal communication
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To issue a \SpecialChar LyX
 call,
 the client writes a line of ASCII text into the input pipe.
 This line has the following format:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
LYXCMD:
\emph on
clientname
\emph default
:
\emph on
function
\emph default
:
\emph on
argument
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
clientname is a name that the client can choose arbitrarily.
 Its only use is that \SpecialChar LyX
 will echo it if it sends an answer—
so a client can dispatch results from different requesters.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
function is the function you want \SpecialChar LyX
 to perform.
 It is the same as the commands you'd use in the minibuffer.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
argument is an optional argument which is meaningful only to some functions (for instance,
 the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

self-insert
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 LFUN will insert the argument as text at the cursor position).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The answer from \SpecialChar LyX
 will arrive in the output pipe and be of the form
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
INFO:
\emph on
clientname
\emph default
:
\emph on
function
\emph default
:
\emph on
data
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
where 
\emph on
clientname
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
function
\emph default
 are just echoed from the command request,
 while 
\emph on
data
\emph default
 is more or less useful information filled according to how the command execution worked out.
 Some commands,
 such as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

font-state
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 will return information about the internal state of \SpecialChar LyX
,
 while other will return an empty data-response.
 This means that the command execution went fine.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In case of errors,
 the response from \SpecialChar LyX
 will have this form
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
ERROR:
\emph on
clientname
\emph default
:
\emph on
function
\emph default
:
\emph on
error message
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
where the 
\emph on
error message
\emph default
 should contain an explanation of why the command failed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Examples:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
echo "LYXCMD:test:beginning-of-buffer:" >~/.lyxpipe.in
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

echo "LYXCMD:test:get-xy:" >~/.lyxpipe.in
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

read a <~/.lyxpipe.out
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

echo $a
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
AppleScript (Mac OS X)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Since \SpecialChar LyX
 2.1,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 supports basic interactions with AppleScript for normal communication through the command run.
 This command takes a direct argument (the 
\series bold
function
\series default
 to perform) and an optional argument.
 It either returns the output of the function or triggers an error with the error message and code.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Example:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
tell application "\SpecialChar LyX
"
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  try
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
    -- Stores the current file name into f
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
    set f to (run "server-get-filename" with argument "")
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
    on error the error_message number the error_number
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
      display dialog "Error:
 " & the error_number & ".
 " ¬
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
              & the error_message buttons {"OK"} default button 1
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  end try
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
end tell
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Notification
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 can notify clients of events going on asynchronously.
 Currently it will only do this if the user binds a key sequence with the function 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

notify
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 The format of the string \SpecialChar LyX
 sends is as follows:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
NOTIFY:
\end_layout

\end_inset


\emph on
key-sequence
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
where 
\emph on
key-sequence
\emph default
 is the printed representation of the key sequence that was actually typed by the user.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This mechanism can be used to extend \SpecialChar LyX
's command set and implement macros.
 Bind some key sequence to 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

notify
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 Then start a client that listens on the output pipe,
 dispatches the command according to the sequence,
 and starts a function that may use \SpecialChar LyX
 calls and \SpecialChar LyX
 requests to issue a command or a series of commands to \SpecialChar LyX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
The simple \SpecialChar LyX
 Server Protocol
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 implements a simple protocol that can be used for session management.
 All messages are of the form
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
LYXSRV:
\emph on
clientname
\emph default
:
\emph on
protocol message
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
where 
\emph on
protocol message
\emph default
 can be 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

hello
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

bye
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 If 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

hello
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 is received from a client,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 will report back to inform the client that it's listening to it's messages,
 while 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

bye
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 sent from \SpecialChar LyX
 will inform clients that \SpecialChar LyX
 is closing.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Reverse DVI/PDF search
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Some DVI/PDF viewers
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
The following viewers offer the reverse PDF search feature:
 Okular on KDE/Linux,
 Qpdfview on Unix,
 Skim on Mac OSX and SumatraPDF on Windows.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 provide 
\emph on
reverse search
\emph default
 facility (also called 
\emph on
inverse search
\emph default
).
 This means that you can tell \SpecialChar LyX
 to put the cursor to a specific line in the document by clicking at the respective position in the DVI/PDF output.
 To achieve this,
 the viewer must be able to communicate with \SpecialChar LyX
.
 This is done via the \SpecialChar LyX
 server either by using the named pipe (
\emph on
lyxpipe
\emph default
),
 or the UNIX domain socket (
\emph on
lyxsocket
\emph default
) that \SpecialChar LyX
 creates in its temporary directory (this is the way the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxclient
\end_layout

\end_inset

 program communicates with \SpecialChar LyX
).
 In some cases,
 you need a helper script that mediates between the viewer and \SpecialChar LyX
,
 in others,
 the viewer can communicate with \SpecialChar LyX
 directly.
 This depends on the selected viewer and on your operating system.
 The same applies to the way viewers need to be configured and the way the reverse search is actually performed.
 In what follows,
 we will thus describe how to setup reverse search for specific viewers.
 Before we turn to this,
 though,
 we will explain what needs to be done generally to enable reverse search in the DVI/PDF output.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Automatic setup
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:rev-search"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In most cases \SpecialChar LyX
 will do the work for you by pressing the following button in the toolbar:
 
\begin_inset Info
type  "icon"
arg   "buffer-toggle-output-sync"
\end_inset

.
 Alternatively,
 you can also enable the feature by checking 
\family sans
Synchronize with Output
\family default
 in 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Formats
\family default
.
 In such a case \SpecialChar LyX
 will automatically insert the necessary Sync\SpecialChar TeX
 macro (for PDF) or load the srcltx package (for DVI) respectively.
 This option can be easily reached also on 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
View/Update
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Toolbar.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you need a different setting,
 you can select or input a custom macro from the drop down box just below 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
Synchronize with Output
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Note that the method 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
synctex=1
\end_layout

\end_inset

 enables gzip compression.
 If your viewer does not support it,
 you should instead use 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
synctex=-1
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Please also note that including the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
srcltx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 package or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src-specials
\end_layout

\end_inset

 sometimes has an undesired impact on the typesetting.
 Thus,
 you should switch output synchronization off for the final typesetting if you use the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
srcltx
\end_layout

\end_inset

 package or 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
src-specials
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In case you need some more special settings that are not covered by the automatic settings,
 read the next section about how to set up output synchronization manually.
 If the automatic setup suits your needs,
 you can readily jump to section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:configuring-viewers"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

,
 where the necessary configuration steps in your viewer – needed both with the automatic and the manual setup – are described.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Manual setup
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LaTeX
 provides several different methods for reverse search.
 Some are built-in in the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
latex/pdflatex
\end_layout

\end_inset

 program,
 some are provided by external packages.
 Your choice depends on whether your \SpecialChar LaTeX
 distribution already provides a given method (the built-in methods are rather new) and whether your viewer can cope with it.
 The available methods are described in the following.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
Built-in DVI-search via src-specials (DVI only) 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This method provides the DVI file with the necessary information for reverse search.
 It is available in \SpecialChar LaTeX
 since quite some time (any somewhat recent \SpecialChar LaTeX
 distribution should include it),
 and it works reliably.
 To enable it,
 change the 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
La
\family sans
TeX
\family default
 (plain)->DVI
\end_layout

\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
La
\family sans
TeX
\family default
 (plain)->DraftDVI
\end_layout

\end_inset

 converter in 
\family sans
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
File Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
Converters
\family default
 to 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
latex -src-specials $$i
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 If this doesn't work,
 check if your \SpecialChar TeX
 engine needs different options (the syntax might differ in some distributions).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
External Packages (PDFSync and scrltx) 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The packages 
\emph on
pdfsync
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
scrltx
\emph default
 provide reverse search facility for PDF output (via pdflatex) and DVI output,
 respectively.
 In order to enable it,
 load the packages in the \SpecialChar LyX
 preamble:
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
usepackage{pdfsync}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 for reverse PDF search,
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash
usepackage[active]{srcltx}
\end_layout

\end_inset

 for reverse DVI search.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you want to be able to perform both DVI and PDF reverse searches,
 you can also insert in the preamble the following lines
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\backslash
usepackage{ifpdf}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\backslash
ifpdf
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

  
\backslash
usepackage{pdfsync}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\backslash
else
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

  
\backslash
usepackage[active]{srcltx}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\backslash
fi
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This way,
 you can preview the file as either DVI or PDF (pdflatex) and the right package will be used.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Note that PDFSync might affect the output layout of your document.
 It is therefore advised to disable PDFsync for final documents.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
Built-in reverse search via Sync\SpecialChar TeX
 (DVI and PDF) 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Recent versions of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
(pdf)latex
\end_layout

\end_inset

 have built-in support for both PDF and DVI reverse search.
 This so-called 
\emph on
Sync\SpecialChar TeX

\emph default
 facility is basically the result of the integration of the PDFSync package to the pdftex program and its merge with the 
\emph on
scr-specials
\emph default
 approach.
 You need at least \SpecialChar TeX
Live 2008 or a recent Mik\SpecialChar TeX
 distribution in order to use it.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
For some reason,
 Mik\SpecialChar TeX
 does not understand/obey the command \SpecialChar LyX
 inserts into the preamble when you check the "Enable Forward/Reverse Search" button in the toolbar and does not generate the necessary info.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
The generation of the required info can be forced by changing the converter "\SpecialChar LaTeX
 (pdflatex) -> PDF (pdflatex)" in Preferences->File handling->Converters from the default "pdflatex $$i" to "pdflatex -synctex=1 $$i" (i.e.,
 by adding the -synctex=1 switch).
\end_layout

\end_inset

 Also note that only a few PDF viewers (such as Okular and Qpdfview on Unix,
 Skim on the Mac,
 SumatraPDF on Windows;
 see the next section for details) already provide Sync\SpecialChar TeX
 support.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To enable Sync\SpecialChar TeX
 for DVI output,
 change the 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
La
\family sans
TeX
\family default
 (plain) -> DVI
\end_layout

\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
La
\family sans
TeX
\family default
 (plain) -> DraftDVI
\end_layout

\end_inset

 converter in 
\family sans
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
File Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
Converters 
\family default
to 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
latex -synctex=1 $$i
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 and for PDF output,
 change the 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
La
\family sans
TeX
\family default
 (pdflatex) -> PDF (pdflatex)
\end_layout

\end_inset

 converter to 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
pdflatex -synctex=1 $$i
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Should your viewer not be considered in the following description,
 or in case of missing success,
 please check the documentation of your viewer whether the viewer needs to be configured for the use with Sync\SpecialChar TeX
.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Note that the option 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-synctex=1
\end_layout

\end_inset

 option enables gzip compression.
 If your viewer does not support it,
 you should instead use 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-synctex=-1
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Configuring and using specific viewers
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:configuring-viewers"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
Xdvi (all platforms)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you use 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
xdvi
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 you don't need to do anything else for performing a reverse DVI search,
 as \SpecialChar LyX
 already provides the necessary hooks for automatically using the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxclient
\end_layout

\end_inset

 program.
 Just setup your document as described above (reverse search is triggered by Ctrl-click or Alt-click on Mac OSX,
 respectively).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
However,
 if for whatever reason you want to use the named pipe instead of the socket for communicating with \SpecialChar LyX
,
 simply change the DVI viewer in 
\family sans
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
File Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
File formats
\family default
 to
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
On Mac OSX you have to use 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
DISPLAY=:0.0 xdvi -editor "lyxeditor.sh %f %l"
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
xdvi -editor "lyxeditor.sh %f %l"
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 where 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxeditor.sh
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is a suitable script.
 For example,
 a minimal shell script is the following one:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
#!/bin/sh
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

LYXPIPE="/path/to/lyxpipe"
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

COMMAND="LYXCMD:revdvi:server-goto-file-row:$1 $2"
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

echo "$COMMAND" > "${LYXPIPE}".in || exit
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

read TMP < "${LYXPIPE}".out || exit
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
where 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
/path/to/lyxpipe
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is the LyXServer pipe path specified in 
\family sans
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
Paths
\family default
.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
In the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
development/tools
\end_layout

\end_inset

 folder of a source distribution you can find a 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxeditor
\end_layout

\end_inset

 script which is able to locate the 
\emph on
lyxpipe
\emph default
 based on your preferences.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
MacDviX (Mac OSX)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
At the end of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
/Applications/MacDviX_Folder/calleditor.script
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 add the following lines:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
/Applications/LyX.app/Contents/MacOS/lyxeditor "$2" $1
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

exit 1
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Modify the lines accordingly if you install \SpecialChar LyX
 somewhere else than in the Applications folder.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Reverse search is triggered by Alt-click (OPTION-click).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
Skim (Mac OSX)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Enter 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
open -a Skim.app $$i
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to the viewer setting in 
\family sans
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
File Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
File formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
PDF (pdflatex)
\family default
,
 and then in 
\family sans
Skim\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
Sync
\family default
 choose 
\family sans
custom
\family default
 preset and enter command 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
/Applications/\SpecialChar LyX
.app/Contents/MacOS/lyxeditor
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Reverse search is triggered by COMMAND-SHIFT-click
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
Evince (GNOME)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Reverse search with evince does not work out of the box,
 but it can be achieved by means of some third party helper scripts.
 Please refer to 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "https://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/SyncTeX"
literal "false"

\end_inset

 for details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
Okular (KDE)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Go to 
\family sans
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Configure Okular\SpecialChar menuseparator
Editor
\family default
 and select LyX
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 as editor.
 This inserts the appropriate command (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxclient -g %f %l
\end_layout

\end_inset

).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Reverse search is triggered by SHIFT-click.
 Note that this only works if Okular is in 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Browse
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 mode (i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

e.,
 the hand symbol is clicked).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
Qpdfview (Unix)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Qpdfview supports Sync\SpecialChar TeX
 since version 0.3.5.
 Go to 
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Behavior
\family default
,
 click on the input field of the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Source editor
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 item and add the command 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxclient -g %1 %2
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Reverse search is triggered by double-click or,
 in more recent versions,
 by context menu.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
YAP (Windows)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Launch yap,
 choose its 
\family sans
View\SpecialChar menuseparator
Options
\family default
 menu and select the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Inverse DVI Search
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 tab.
 Click on the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

New\SpecialChar ldots

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 button and,
 in the window that opens,
 enter 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

\SpecialChar LyX
 Editor
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 (or any other name you like) in the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Name:
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 field.
 Now click on the button labeled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

\SpecialChar ldots

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 to open a file dialog and navigate to the directory containing the batch file 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxeditor.bat
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (see below).
 Select 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxeditor.bat
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and then specify the program arguments as 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
%f %l
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 The 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxeditor.bat
\end_layout

\end_inset

 wrapper is used for communicating with \SpecialChar LyX
 through the 
\emph on
lyxpipe
\emph default
 and is as follows:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
@echo off
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

echo LYXCMD:revdvi:server-goto-file-row:%~1 %2> 
\backslash

\backslash
.
\backslash
pipe
\backslash
lyxpipe.in
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

type 
\backslash

\backslash
.
\backslash
pipe
\backslash
lyxpipe.out
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Make sure that the \SpecialChar LyX
Server pipe path you specified in \SpecialChar LyX
 is 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\backslash

\backslash
.
\backslash
pipe
\backslash
lyxpipe
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 otherwise change the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxeditor.bat
\end_layout

\end_inset

 wrapper accordingly.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In yap,
 reverse search is triggered by double-click.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
SumatraPDF (Windows)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In order to use SumatraPDF for inverse search,
 enter 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
SumatraPDF -inverse-search "lyxeditor.bat "%f" %l"
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in the viewer setting in 
\family sans
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
File Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
File formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
PDF (pdflatex)
\family default
,
 where 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxeditor.bat
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is the previous wrapper.
 If SumatraPDF.exe is not in your command PATH,
 use its full file name.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Reverse search is triggered by double-click.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
YAP (Cygwin)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
First of all,
 make sure that yap is your default DVI viewer in the Windows environment,
 then launch it,
 choose its 
\family sans
View\SpecialChar menuseparator
Options
\family default
 menu and select the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Inverse DVI Search
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 tab.
 Click on the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

New\SpecialChar ldots

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 button and,
 in the window that opens,
 enter 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

\SpecialChar LyX
 Editor
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 (or any other name you like) in the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Name:
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 field.
 Now click on the button labeled 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

\SpecialChar ldots

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 to open a file dialog and navigate to the directory containing the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxeditor.exe
\end_layout

\end_inset

 program (which is installed by default on Cygwin along with the \SpecialChar LyX
 executable).
 Select 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
lyxeditor.exe
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and then specify the program arguments as 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-g %f %l
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 In this way,
 you will be using the 
\emph on
lyxsocket
\emph default
 for communicating with \SpecialChar LyX
.
 If,
 for whatever reason,
 you want to use the 
\emph on
lyxpipe
\emph default
,
 omit the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-g
\end_layout

\end_inset

 option and be sure to specify the \SpecialChar LyX
Server pipe path in the \SpecialChar LyX
 preferences.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In yap,
 reverse search is triggered by double-click.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection*
SumatraPDF (Cygwin)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In order to use SumatraPDF for inverse search,
 enter 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
SumatraPDF -inverse-search "lyxeditor -g %f %l"
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in the viewer setting in 
\family sans
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
File Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
File formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
PDF (pdflatex)
\family default
.
 If SumatraPDF.exe is not in your command PATH,
 use its full posix path.
 The 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-g
\end_layout

\end_inset

 enables communication via the 
\emph on
lyxsocket
\emph default
.
 Again,
 omit the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-g
\end_layout

\end_inset

 option if you want to use the 
\emph on
lyxpipe
\emph default
,
 and be sure to specify the \SpecialChar LyX
Server pipe path in the \SpecialChar LyX
 preferences.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Reverse search is triggered by double-click.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Forward search
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Forward search is,
 as the name implies,
 in a sense the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

opposite
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 of reverse search.
 It allows you to let the viewer jump to a given position from within \SpecialChar LyX
.
 If forward search is set up (as described in what follows),
 you can put the cursor anywhere in your \SpecialChar LyX
 document,
 and hit 
\family sans
Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
Forward search
\family default
 (or select 
\family sans
Forward search
\family default
 in the context menu via right mouse click),
 and then the viewer will jump to that position as well.
 This implies,
 of course,
 that your viewer supports this function.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To make forward search possible,
 you first need to provide the generated output PDF/DVI file with additional information about the \SpecialChar TeX
 sources.
 This can be done via the methods described in the section 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:rev-search"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Additionally,
 you need to configure \SpecialChar LyX
 for using your viewers in 
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
General
\family default
.
 We provide a range of tested configurations for some viewers,
 which you can select from the drop down list.
 If none of these configurations suits you,
 you have to find out and enter a suitable configuration yourself.
 The definition syntax uses the following placeholders:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\noindent
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
$$n
\end_layout

\end_inset

:
 row number
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\noindent
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
$$t
\end_layout

\end_inset

:
 name of the (temporary) exported .tex file (without path)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\noindent
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
$$f
\end_layout

\end_inset

:
 name of the (temporary) exported .tex file (including path)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\noindent
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
$$o
\end_layout

\end_inset

:
 name of the exported output file (either dvi or pdf,
 depending on which one exists in the temporary directory)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Note that only some of the viewers provide full and usable forward search functionality out of the box,
 among them yap,
 xdvi,
 okular
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
You might want to set 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
okular --unique
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in 
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
File Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
File
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Formats
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 qpdfview,
 and SumatraPDF
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
SumatraPDF can also use DDE commands through the external program CMCDDE —
 downloadable from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "http://www.istri.fr/spip/zip/CMCDDE.zip"
literal "false"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Others,
 such as evince
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Forward search with evince can be achieved by means of third party helper scripts.
 Please refer to 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "https://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/SyncTeX"
literal "false"

\end_inset

 for details.
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 require some extra tools in order to use forward search.
 While many of the widespread PDF viewers (most notably Adobe Reader) do not support forward search at all,
 some other viewers – e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
 xpdf – allow at least to reload the document and jump to a specific page of the file,
 so you can at least navigate 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

near
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 This latter functionality is provided by an external call of synctex (see the predefined example configurations).
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Forward search works both with DVI and PDF output.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 simply checks which preview format you have used before (i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

e.,
 which format is already there in the temporary directory) and chooses the appropriate configuration for the respective format.\SpecialChar LyX
 Features needing Extra Software
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Checking \SpecialChar TeX

\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
by 
\noun on
Asger Alstrup
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you have the 
\family typewriter
chktex
\family default
 program installed
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family typewriter
chktex
\family default
 is not yet available when you are using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 distribution MiK\SpecialChar TeX
.
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 you'll find in the 
\family sans
Tools
\family default
 menu the entry:
 
\family sans
Check
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

TeX
\family default
.
 You can get 
\family typewriter
chktex
\family default
 from CTAN,
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/chktex.html"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 package is a program that was written by 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Jens T.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Berger Thielemann
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in frustration because some constructs in \SpecialChar LaTeX
 are sometimes non-intuitive,
 and easy to forget.
 The program runs over your \SpecialChar LaTeX
 file,
 checks the integrity of the file,
 and flags some common errors.
 In other technical words,
 it is 
\family typewriter
lint
\family default
 for \SpecialChar LaTeX
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Well,
 what is a syntax checker doing in \SpecialChar LyX
 which is supposed to produce correct \SpecialChar LaTeX
 anyways?
 The answer is simple:
 Just as 
\family typewriter
Lint
\family default
 not only checks the 
\emph on
syntax
\emph default
 of C programs,
 but also does 
\emph on
semantic
\emph default
 checks for type-errors,
 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 catches some common 
\emph on
typographic
\emph default
 errors,
 in addition to the syntactical ones.
 Specifically,
 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 is capable of detecting several common errors,
 such as
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Ellipsis detection:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Use \SpecialChar ldots
 instead of ...
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
No space in front of/after parenthesis:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

( wrong spacing )
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Enforcement of normal space after common abbreviations:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

is too wide spacing.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Enforcement of end-of-sentence space when the last sentence ends with a capital letter:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

This is a TEST.
 And this is wrong spacing.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Space in front of labels and similar commands:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

The label should stick right up to the text to avoid falling to a wrong page.
 
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:chktex"

\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
This footnote is in danger of falling off to a wrong page
\end_layout

\end_inset

 The label is separated too much.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Space in front of references,
 instead of hard spaces:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

If you have bad luck,
 the text will break right between the referenced text and reference number,
 and that's a pity.
 See section 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:chktex"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Use of 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

x
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 instead of 
\begin_inset Formula $\times$
\end_inset

 between numbers:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

2x2 looks cheap compared to 
\begin_inset Formula $2\times2$
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
and more \SpecialChar ldots
 It is an invaluable tool when you are 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

finishing up
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 your document before printing,
 and you should run it right after the obligatory spelling check,
 and before you go fine tuning the typesetting.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
How to use it
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you have the program installed,
 usage is as simple as choosing 
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Check
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

TeX
\family default
.
 This will make \SpecialChar LyX
 generate a \SpecialChar LaTeX
 file of your document,
 start 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 to check it,
 and then make \SpecialChar LyX
 insert 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

error boxes
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 with the warnings from 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
,
 if there were any.
 The warnings will be placed close to the point of the mistake,
 and you can quickly find them by using the 
\family sans
Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
Error
\family default
 menu item,
 or the shortcut key 
\family sans
C-g
\family default
 from the default 
\family typewriter
cua
\family default
 bind file.
 Open the error boxes by clicking on them with the mouse,
 or use the shortcut key 
\family sans
C-i
\family default
 from 
\family typewriter
cua
\family default
 bindings,
 or the corresponding 
\family sans
C-o
\family default
 for the alternate 
\family typewriter
emacs
\family default
 bind file.
 Read the warning and correct the mistake,
 if it is a mistake.
 If you have trouble understanding what the warning is about,
 you can safely ignore it.
 Remember that there is a hidden layer between the document on screen and the technical details in invoking 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
,
 and this gap can make some warnings seem arcane or just plain silly.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This document is an excellent testing bed for the feature,
 and it should provide quite a few warnings for you to fiddle with.
 Since computers are only so smart,
 expect most of the warnings to be false alarms,
 though.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
How to fine tune it
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Sometimes,
 you'll find that 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 makes more noise than suits your mood.
 Then you can choose not to use it,
 wait until your mood changes,
 or try to customize 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 to get better along with you.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Although 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 
\emph on
is
\emph default
 very configurable and extensible,
 you should not expect to solve all problems with 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 in \SpecialChar LyX
 this way.
 Since \SpecialChar LyX
 has to generate a somewhat special \SpecialChar LaTeX
 file to be able to match the line numbers from the 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 output
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
You can inspect the specific output from 
\family sans
chktex
\family default
 by using 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
\SpecialChar LaTeX

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Log
\family default
 right after a 
\family sans
chktex
\family default
 run.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to the internal document structure,
 some of the warnings will not appear correctly.
 There are two things you can do about this:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Fine tune the 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 invocation command line in 
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
LaTeX\SpecialChar menuseparator
CheckTeX command
\family default
,
 or the global 
\family sans
Chk\SpecialChar TeX

\family default
 installation configuration file (usually with the file 
\family typewriter
chktexrc
\family default
).
 See below to learn what warnings can be enabled and disabled on the command line.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Export your document as a raw \SpecialChar LaTeX
 file using 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
\SpecialChar LaTeX

\family default
 and run 
\family typewriter
chktex
\family default
 manually on that.
 Invoked in this way,
 it can be a hassle to find the corresponding place in the document inside \SpecialChar LyX
,
 but with a little patience,
 you should be able to do it.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Here follows the warning messages that can be enabled and disabled in 
\family sans
Preferences
\family default
.
 Use 
\family typewriter
-n#
\family default
 to disable a warning,
 and 
\family typewriter
-w#
\family default
 to enable a warning.
 The emphasized entries are disabled by default,
 because the default is "
\family typewriter
chktex -n1 -n3 -n6 -n9 -n22 -n25 -n30 -n38
\family default
".
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Notice that you should only use the options that enable and disable warnings,
 because \SpecialChar LyX
 relies on some of the other command line parameters to be set in a specific way to have a chance to communicate with 
\family typewriter
chktex
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
\emph on
Command terminated with space.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Non-breaking space (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
~
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

) should have been used.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
\emph on
You should enclose the previous parenthesis with 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
{}
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Italic correction (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
/
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

) found in non-italic buffer.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Italic correction (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
/
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

) found more than once.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
\emph on
No italic correction (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
/
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

) found.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Accent command 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
cmd
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 needs use of 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
cmd
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Wrong length of dash may have been used.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
\emph on
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
%s
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 expected,
 found 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
%s
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Solo 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
%s
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 found.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
You should use 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
%s
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 to achieve an ellipsis.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Inter-word spacing (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash

\family default
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

) should perhaps be used.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Inter-sentence spacing (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter

\backslash
@
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

) should perhaps be used.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Could not find argument for command.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
No match found for 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
%s
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Math mode still on at end of \SpecialChar LaTeX
 file.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Number of 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
char
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 doesn't match the number of 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
char
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
You should use either 
\family typewriter

\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family default
 or 
\family typewriter

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\family default
 as an alternative to 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
"
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
You should use "
\family typewriter
'
\family default
" (ASCII 39) instead of "
\family typewriter
´
\family default
" (ASCII 180).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
User-specified pattern found.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
This command might not be intended.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
\emph on
Comment displayed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Either 
\family typewriter
''
\backslash
,'
\family default
 or 
\family typewriter
'
\backslash
,''
\family default
 will look better.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Delete this space to maintain correct page references.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
\emph on
You might wish to put this between a pair of 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
{}
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
You ought to remove spaces in front of punctuation.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Could not execute \SpecialChar LaTeX
 command.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Don't use 
\family typewriter

\backslash
/
\family default
 in front of small punctuation.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\family typewriter
\size small
$
\backslash
times$
\family default
 may look prettier here.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
\emph on
Multiple spaces detected in output.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
This text may be ignored.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Use 
\family typewriter

\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family default
 to begin quotation,
 not 
\family typewriter
'
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Use 
\family typewriter
'
\family default
 to end quotation,
 not 
\family typewriter

\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Don't mix quotes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
You should perhaps use 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
cmd
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 instead.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
You should put a space in front of/after parenthesis.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
You should avoid spaces in front of/after parenthesis.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
\emph on
You should not use punctuation in front of/after quotes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
Double space found.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
You should put punctuation outside inner/inside display math mode.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
You ought to not use primitive \SpecialChar TeX
 in \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
You should remove spaces in front of 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
%s
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate

\size small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
%s
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 is normally not followed by 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
%c
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In later versions of \SpecialChar LyX
,
 we hope to provide a more complete interface to this tool (and it's smaller cousin 
\family typewriter
lacheck
\family default
) to exploit the full power of it.
 But it's not exactly useless as it is now:
 go try it on one of your existing documents of a certain length and be surprised.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Version Control in \SpecialChar LyX

\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
by
\noun on
 Lars Gullik Bjønnes 
\noun default
and 
\noun on
Pavel Sanda
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 supports some of the most basic RCS/CVS/SVN/GIT commands.
 If you need something a bit more sophisticated you will have to do that manually in a terminal or your favourite client.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Also note that CVS support is not as good as subversion support,
 so we advise using SVN instead.
 A good place to start learning Subversion is the SVN Book
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "http://svnbook.red-bean.com/"
literal "false"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 In the case of RCS you should read 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

rcsintro
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 (a man file,
 read it with 
\family typewriter
man rcsintro
\family default
).
 This file describes all the basic features of RCS.
 You should especially notice the comment about a RCS directory,
 and the notion of a master RCS file (the file ending in 
\family typewriter
,v
\family default
).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Before you begin to use the version control features in \SpecialChar LyX
,
 you should be familiar with RCS/CVS/SVN/GIT usage.
 The implementation in \SpecialChar LyX
 assumes a recent version of the GNU RCS or CVS/SVN package —
 no guarantees are made for older versions.
 Most of the log messages are not currently displayed after operations —
 you can check them in the Messages pane if you are unsure.
 Regular users of version control will appreciate the VC toolbar,
 which can be enabled via 
\family sans
View\SpecialChar menuseparator
Toolbars\SpecialChar menuseparator
Version
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Control
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For introducing your own external commands consult 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
vc-command
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in the manual 
\emph on
\SpecialChar LyX
 Functions
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It is strongly recommended to store documents in uncompressed format if using version control (uncheck 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Compressed
\family default
 if it is checked):
 Uncompressed LyX documents are text files and therefore for merging two different versions by version control systems.
 Compressed LyX documents are binary files,
 which cannot be merged by version control systems.
 Also to avoid unnecessary merge conflicts we advise to disable document 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
Save transient properties
\family default
 when more users work on the same document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
RCS commands in \SpecialChar LyX

\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following sections describe the RCS commands supported by \SpecialChar LyX
.
 You can find them in the 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Version
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Control
\family default
 submenu.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 was tested against RCS 5.7/5.8/5.10.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Register
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If your document is not under revision control,
 this is the only item shown in the menu.
 And if it is under revision control,
 the 
\family sans
Register
\family default
 item is not visible.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This command registers your document with RCS (unless you are under the directory managed by CVS)\SpecialChar endofsentence
 You are asked interactively to supply an initial description of the document.
 The document is now set in Read-Only mode and you have to 
\family sans
Check
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Out
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

For
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Edit
\family default
,
 before making any changes to it.
 A document under revision control has a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

[RCS:<version> <locker>]
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 item tagged to the filename in the minibuffer.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
RCS command that is run:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\family typewriter
ci -q -u -i -t-"<initial description>" <file-name>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Read 
\family typewriter
man ci
\family default
 to understand the switches.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Check In Changes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When you are finished editing a file,
 you check in your changes.
 When you do this,
 you are asked for a description of the changes.
 This is stored in the history log.
 The version number is bumped,
 your changes are applied to the master RCS file,
 the document is unlocked and set to Read-Only mode.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
RCS command:
 
\family typewriter
ci -q -u -m"<description>" <file-name>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Check Out For Edit
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
By doing this you lock the document so that only you can edit it.
 This will also make the document Read-Write only for you.
 You will usually continue editing for a while and when you are finished you check in your changes.
 The status line is changed to reflect that you have locked the file.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
RCS command:
 
\family typewriter
co -q -l <file-name>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Revert To Repository Version
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This will discard all changes made to the document since the last check in.
 You get a warning before changes are discarded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
RCS command:
 
\family typewriter
co -f -u<version> <file-name>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Copy
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This will create a copy of the current document.
 Since RCS does not support copy operations natively,
 the version history is not preserved,
 and the copy is added as a new file.
 It requires a clean document without any changes since the last checkin.
 You are asked for a file name and a description of the copy operation.
 After that the copy is created,
 both locally and in the repository.
 If the parent directories of the copied and original document differ,
 all relative paths of included files of the copy are adjusted (like in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Save As
\family default
\SpecialChar ldots
).
 Finally,
 the copy is loaded instead of the original document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
RCS
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

commands:
 
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Copy 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family typewriter
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

 to 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\family typewriter
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<new-file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ci -q -u 
\family typewriter
-i 
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<new-file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Undo Last Checkin
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This makes as if the last check in never happened.
 No changes are made to the document loaded into \SpecialChar LyX
,
 but the last version is removed from the master RCS file.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
RCS command:
 
\family typewriter
rcs -o<version> <file-name>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Show History
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This shows the complete history of the RCS document.
 The output of 
\family typewriter
rlog <file-name>
\family default
 is shown in a browser.
 See 
\family typewriter
man rlog
\family default
 for more info.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Revision info
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 supports RCS version number,
 author name,
 date and time of last commit.
 All those are extracted from 
\family typewriter
rlog -r <file-name>
\family default
.
 See 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:VCS-Revision-Information"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

 for details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
CVS commands in \SpecialChar LyX

\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A subset of CVS operations is supported by \SpecialChar LyX
.
 You can find the commands in the 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Version
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Control
\family default
 submenu.
 The version control system SVN is more powerful,
 so please use it instead of CVS if possible.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
General CVS usage
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you start from scratch with CVS you have to create your repository and checkout the working copy with external tools.
 If you're using a client-server setup you may need to login before doing the first repository checkout.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If your documents are under revision control and others are using the same repository problems arise when different changes to the same document at the same location happen.
 Standard CVS repositories don't operate with a file locking mechanism.
 This may be surprising,
 but conflicts only occur if people disagree on the proper content of the same part of a document.
 So,
 if co-workers are used to communicate regularly,
 these conflicts occur rarely.
 If they don't communicate they have a fundamental problem anyway.
 Nevertheless some people like to work with so called 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

reserved checkouts
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 If they do so the working copy of all files is readonly when checked out first and the user starts editing after using a special command to make the working copy writable.
 When the changes are checked in the working copy returns to readonly state.
 With \SpecialChar LyX
 one has to edit the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.cvsrc
\end_layout

\end_inset

 file and add the line 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cvs -r
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to work with reserved checkouts.
 The benefit is the possibility to see who is using a writable copy of some document.
 It's not guaranteed only one user makes a copy writable.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 tries to guess if you're using reserved or non-reserved checkouts.
 If your working copy is readonly or it is writable and an additional copy of your document exists in the CVS/Base sub-directory a reserved otherwise a non-reserved checkout is assumed.
 When a reserved checkout is detected you have to use 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Check Out
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to make your working copy writable if it's readonly.
 After doing so the 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Check In
\end_layout

\end_inset

 operation is possible and that makes your working copy readonly again after transferring your changes to the repository.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
More information about CVS can be found here 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://www.nongnu.org/cvs
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and here 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://ximbiot.com/cvs
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Read 
\family typewriter
man cvs
\family default
 to understand the sub-commands and the switches mentioned below.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Register
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If your document is not under revision control,
 this is the only item shown in the menu.
 And if it is under revision control,
 the 
\family sans
Register
\family default
 item is not visible.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This command registers in CVS your document 
\begin_inset Flex Strong
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\emph on
only
\end_layout

\end_inset

 in the case you have already the documents directory under CVS control (in particular 
\family typewriter
CVS/Entries
\family default
 file exists).
 This means you have to create or checkout the archive by yourself using external tools.
 (In case you forget that step \SpecialChar LyX
 registers the document with RCS.)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Then you are asked interactively to supply an initial description of the document.
 Don't forget that registered file is not yet checked in.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
CVS command that is run:
 
\family typewriter
cvs -q add -m"<entered message>" "<file-name>"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The term 
\family typewriter
"<file-name>"
\family default
 above and for all other CVS commands is an abbreviation for 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

change the current working directory to file location and use the file name without path component as argument
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Check In Changes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When you are finished editing a file,
 you commit your changes.
 When you do this and you had changed the document,
 you are asked for a description of the changes.
 After that changes are written to the repository.
 In case you didn't change the document and a reserved checkout is detected the reservation made on 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Check Out
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is undone.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
CVS
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

command:
 
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cvs 
\family typewriter
-q commit -m"<description>" "<file-name>"
\end_layout

\end_inset

 or
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cvs -q unedit 
\family typewriter
"<file-name>"
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Check Out Changes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When you are sharing a repository with others,
 you may have to incorporate their changes into your working copy.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
CVS command:
 
\family typewriter
cvs -q update "<file-name>"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If a readonly checkout is detected the working copy is made writable and reserved.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
CVS command:
 
\family typewriter
cvs -q edit "<file-name>"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Revert To Repository Version
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This will discard all changes made to the document since the last check in.
 You get a warning before changes are discarded.
 Firstly the file is deleted,
 secondly CVS update command is run.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
CVS command:
 
\family typewriter
cvs -q update "<file-name>"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If a reserved checkout is detected and the working copy has no changes only the reservation is undone.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
CVS command:
 
\family typewriter
cvs -q unedit "<file-name>"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Copy
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This will create a copy of the current document.
 Since CVS does not support copy operations natively,
 the version history is not preserved,
 and the copy is added as a new file.
 It requires a clean document without any changes since the last checkin.
 You are asked for a file name and a description of the copy operation.
 After that the copy is created,
 both locally and in the repository.
 If the parent directories of the copied and original document differ,
 all relative paths of included files of the copy are adjusted (like in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Save As
\family default
\SpecialChar ldots
).
 Finally,
 the copy is loaded instead of the original document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
CVS
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

commands:
 
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Copy 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
"<file-name>"
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
"<new-file-name>"
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cvs -q add "<new-file-name>"
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Rename
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This will rename the current document.
 Since CVS does not support rename operations natively,
 the version history is not preserved,
 the renamed document is added as a new file,
 and the original document is deleted.
 It requires a clean document without any changes since the last checkin.
 You are asked for a file name and a description of the rename operation.
 After that the document is renamed,
 both locally and in the repository.
 If the parent directories of the new and old file names differ,
 all relative paths of included files are adjusted (like in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Save As
\family default
\SpecialChar ldots
).
 Finally,
 the document is reloaded using the new name.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
CVS
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

commands:
 
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Rename 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
"<file-name>"
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
"<new-file-name>"
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cvs -q add "<new-file-name>"
\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cvs -q remove "<file-name>"
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Update of the local directory checkout from repository
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Once your documents gets more complex,
 containing sub-documents and pictures,
 including external 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.tex
\end_layout

\end_inset

 files and so on using version control becomes more complicated.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 supports updating the whole tree in which resides the document.
 This become especially useful once you cooperate with people which neither have detailed knowledge about CVS usage nor they have ambition to commit additional material to the repository.
 You have to organize the files structure so that all external files are in the same directory or subdirectories of the document.
 It's good practice anyway to store multipart documents in an extra directory.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Update local directory from repository
\end_layout

\end_inset

 command updates the whole directory.
 If local changes are detected user is warned before update starts.
 In case of merge conflicts both versions of the conflicting document parts are placed in the final document.
 You have to review and correct the result of the merge.
 You'll find the conflicts enclosed in pairs of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
<<<<<<<
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
>>>>>>>
\end_layout

\end_inset

 separated by 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
=======
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 The first part is your version as before the update operation with the document name prepended.
 The second one is the repository version with the version number after the sequence of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
>
\end_layout

\end_inset

 signs.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
CVS
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

commands:
 
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd $path;
 cvs diff 
\family typewriter
"."
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (Ask if changes are detected.)
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd $path;
 cvs -q update 
\family typewriter
"."
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
where 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
$path
\end_layout

\end_inset

 stands for the path to the document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Show History
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This shows the complete history of the CVS document.
 The output of 
\family typewriter
cvs log "<file-name>"
\family default
 is shown in a browser.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Revision info
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 supports CVS version number,
 author name,
 date and time of last commit.
 All those are extracted from 
\family typewriter
cvs log -r <file-name>
\family default
.
 See 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:VCS-Revision-Information"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

 for details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
SVN commands in \SpecialChar LyX

\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
SVN is now partially supported by \SpecialChar LyX
.
 You can find the commands in the 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Version
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Control
\family default
 submenu.
 Please note that if you use password protected access to repository via ssh,
 you will be asked in terminal window.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 was tested against SVN 1.5,
 1.6,
 1.7 and 1.8
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Most of the commands will work with 1.4 too,
 see 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:SVN-Repo-Update"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

.
 There seems to be currently unresolved permissions problem under SVN 1.8 with reverting changes when file is locked.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Register
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If your document is not under revision control,
 this is the only item shown in the menu.
 And if it is under revision control,
 the 
\family sans
Register
\family default
 item is not visible.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This command registers in SVN your document ONLY in case you have already the documents directory under SVN control (in particular 
\family typewriter
.svn/entries
\family default
 file exists).
 This means you have to checkout the archive by yourself.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Then you are asked interactively to supply an initial description of the document.
 Don't forget that registered file is not yet commited.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
SVN command that is run:
 
\family typewriter
svn add -q 
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Read 
\family typewriter
man svn
\family default
 to understand the switches.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Check In Changes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When you are finished editing a file,
 you commit your changes.
 When you do this,
 you are asked for a description of the changes.
 After that changes are commited.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
SVN command:
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
In case locking is not enabled.
 See Section 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:SVN-File-Locking"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 
\family typewriter
svn commit -q -m"<description>" <file-name>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Check Out For Edit
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Updates the changes of this file from the repository.
 Be sure you understand SVN merging and conflicts resolving before using this function,
 because all conflicts has to be resolved manually by you!
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
SVN command:
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Ditto.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 
\family typewriter
svn update --non-interactive 
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Revert To Repository Version
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This will discard all changes made to the document since the last check in.
 You get a warning before changes are discarded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
SVN command:
 
\family typewriter
svn revert -q 
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Copy
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This will create a copy of the current document including the version history.
 It requires a clean document without any changes since the last checkin.
 You are asked for a file name and a description of the copy operation.
 After that the copy is created,
 both locally and in the repository.
 If the parent directories of the copied and original document differ,
 all relative paths of included files of the copy are adjusted (like in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Save As
\family default
\SpecialChar ldots
).
 Finally,
 the copy is loaded instead of the original document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
SVN
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

commands:
 
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
svn copy -q 
\family typewriter

\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<new-file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
svn commit
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Rename
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This will rename the current document including the version history.
 It requires a clean document without any changes since the last checkin.
 You are asked for a file name and a description of the rename operation.
 After that the document is renamed,
 both locally and in the repository.
 If the parent directories of the new and old file names differ,
 all relative paths of included files are adjusted (like in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Save As
\family default
\SpecialChar ldots
).
 Finally,
 the document is reloaded using the new name.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
SVN
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

commands:
 
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
svn move -q 
\family typewriter

\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<new-file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
svn commit
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:SVN-Repo-Update"

\end_inset

Update of the local directory checkout from repository
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Note that this command will work only with subversion 
\begin_inset Formula $\geqq1.5$
\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
All the commands above have one shortcoming – they deal with the current document only.
 Once your document contains pictures,
 includes external 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.tex
\end_layout

\end_inset

 files and so on administration becomes more complicated.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 now supports updating the whole tree in which resides the document
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
One need to organize the files structure so that all external files are in the same directory or subdirectories of the document.
 
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 This become especially useful once you cooperate with people which neither know about subversion management nor they have ambition to commit additional material to the repository.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Update local directory from repository
\end_layout

\end_inset

 command updates the whole directory and in case of merge conflicts local version of the files are left,
 so no unintended data loss occurs.
 If local changes are detected user is warned before update starts.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
SVN
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

commands:
 
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
svn diff $path
\end_layout

\end_inset

 (Ask if changes are detected.)
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
svn update --accept mine-full $path
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
where 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
$path
\end_layout

\end_inset

 stands for the path to the document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Show History
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This shows the complete history of the SVN document.
 The output of 
\family typewriter
svn log 
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\family default
 is shown in a browser.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
File Locking
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:SVN-File-Locking"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The file exchange through various revision control systems brings the problem of merge conflicts in case two different users try to edit the same (parts of) document.
 When such a conflict happens it needs manual resolving and one reasonable alternative is to provide some kind of locking mechanism,
 which guarantees that only one user is allowed to edit file at the given time.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
SVN has two such mechanisms to provide mutual exclusivity for file access – locks and automatic setting of write permissions (see sec.
 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Automatical-Locking-Property"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

) based on 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
svn:needs-lock
\end_layout

\end_inset

 file svn property
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Flex URL
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.2/svn.advanced.locking.html
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 If this property is detected for a given document \SpecialChar LyX
 starts to use SVN locks for document editing automatically and the whole check-in/out mechanism switches to the same regimen as for RCS.
 This in particular means there are two different modes of file use in \SpecialChar LyX
:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Unlocked state.
 The loaded file is in the read-only mode.
 For editing on needs to check-out.
 
\emph on
Check-out
\emph default
 consists of updating from the repository and gaining write lock.
 If the lock is not possible to obtain,
 we remain in unlocked state.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Locked state.
 The loaded file is in the 
\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset

normal
\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset

 edit mode.
 No other user is allowed to edit the file.
 
\emph on
Check-in
\emph default
 consists of commiting changes and releasing write-lock.
 If no changes have been made to the document,
 no commit will be produced
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Don't be puzzled by the fact that you will be asked for commit message anyway.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and only the write-lock will be released.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
SVN commands:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
Check-in:

\family typewriter
 svn commit -q -m"<description>" "<file-name>"
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

svn unlock "<file-name>"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
Check-out:
 
\family typewriter
svn update "<file-name>"
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

svn lock "<file-name>"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family typewriter
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Automatical-Locking-Property"

\end_inset


\family default
Automatic Locking Property
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The above mentioned automatic setting of write permissions of the .lyx file can be set through
\family sans
 File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Version
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Control\SpecialChar menuseparator
Use Locking Property
\family default
.
 This command is active only when the file is not locked on the svn server (i.e.
 you need to check-out before proceeding).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
SVN
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

commands:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
Set:

\family typewriter
 svn propset svn:needs-lock ON "<file-name>"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
Unset:
 
\family typewriter
svn propdel svn:needs-lock "<file-name>"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:VCS-Revision-Information"

\end_inset

Revision Information in Documents
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are more possibilities how to activate revision information in our document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\SpecialChar LyX
 supports directly:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
tree revision information (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
vcs-tree-revision
\end_layout

\end_inset

).
 The result is the output of the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
svnversion
\end_layout

\end_inset

 command,
 the following table gives you an idea,
 how to read the results.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Output
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Meaning
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
4123:4168
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
mixed revision working copy
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
4168M
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
modified working copy
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
4123S
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
switched working copy
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
4123P
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
partial working copy,
 from a sparse checkout
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
4123:4168MS
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
mixed revision,
 modified,
 switched working copy
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
file revision information.
 The result comes from parsing the output of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
svn
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

info
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

--xml
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

file.lyx
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Supported flags are:
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
version number of the last commit (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
vcs-revision
\end_layout

\end_inset

)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
author of the last commit (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
vcs-author
\end_layout

\end_inset

)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
date of the last commit (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
vcs-date
\end_layout

\end_inset

)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
time of the last commit (
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
vcs-time
\end_layout

\end_inset

)
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
You can obtain this info via InsetInfo (
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Field\SpecialChar menuseparator
Version Control Revision
\family default
).
 The information will be available only when you have the file stored under svn managment (i.e.
 the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.svn
\end_layout

\end_inset

 directory is available with your document).
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Another—
a hacking one—
possibility is to use svn keywords
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.4/svn.advanced.props.special.keywords.html
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 In short – you set file keywords property (e.g.
 
\family sans
svn propset svn:keywords 'Rev' file.lyx
\family default
) and then paste keyword \SpecialChar TeX
 code
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
This is an easy way how to ensure that \SpecialChar LyX
 won't break the line in the middle of keyword tag.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 tag in your document (e.g.
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
$Rev$
\end_layout

\end_inset

).
 This way svn client will automatically substitute revision number (e.g.
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
$Rev:
 59 $
\end_layout

\end_inset

) after each update and commit.
 There are more problems with this approach.
 Firstly,
 the '$' character is used in \SpecialChar TeX
 world for math equations,
 so any occurence of math formula 
\begin_inset Formula $Rev$
\end_inset

 become 
\begin_inset Formula $Rev:59$
\end_inset

 in your \SpecialChar LyX
 document.
 Similarly for other keywords like Id,
 Date,
 Author,
 etc.
 Secondly svn output is dependent on your locales,
 so its very easy that svn would produce some problematic strings once Date is used.
 Thirdly you get the whole 'Rev:
 59' string in your document instead of the plain number.
 Until subversion implements user's custom keywords it will be hard to use this approach reliably or let \SpecialChar LyX
 to support it directly.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
SVN and Windows Environment
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
My inclination is to say that if the user cannot figure out the command line operations on their own fairly quickly,
 they would be well advised to use TortoiseSVN.
 —
P.
 A.
 Rubin
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Preparation
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In addition to installing \SpecialChar LyX
,
 and having access to a Subversion repository,
 the user will need to install the Subversion client program.
 A Windows installer for the client program is available from 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "CollabNet"
target "http://www.collab.net/nonav/downloads/subversion/"
literal "false"

\end_inset

.
 The user may also want to install 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "TortoiseSVN"
target "http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/"
literal "false"

\end_inset

,
 which integrates Subversion operations into the context (rightclick) menu of Windows Explorer.
 Operations done outside \SpecialChar LyX
 will typically be more convenient using the Explorer context menu.
 Note that TortoiseSVN is not a replacement for the client program,
 which is what \SpecialChar LyX
 itself will use.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Bringing a document under Subversion control
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Before a \SpecialChar LyX
 document can be brought under version control in Subversion,
 its parent directory needs to be under version control.
 If the document is being added to a project already in the repository,
 this is accomplished by checking the project out to the directory where the new document will be placed.
 If the project itself is not yet under version control (for instance,
 if this document starts a new project),
 the directory must be imported into the repository.
 This is done outside \SpecialChar LyX
.
 Both import and checkout are easily accomplished from the Explorer context menu using TortoiseSVN,
 or alternatively can be done using the command line client at a DOS prompt.
 The procedure for importing the project using TortoiseSVN is described below,
 assuming an existing repository and a new project being started in 
\family typewriter
C:
\backslash
new project
\family default
.
 For information on using the Subversion client program,
 run 
\family typewriter
svn --help 
\family default
in a DOS shell.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Locate 
\family typewriter
C:
\backslash
new project 
\family default
in Windows Explorer,
 right click it,
 and select 
\family sans
TortoiseSVN\SpecialChar menuseparator
Repo-browser
\family default
.
 If necessary,
 adjust the URL for the repository,
 then click OK.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Right click the level of the repository under which you want to place the new project folder (typically the top level) and click 
\family sans
Create folder
\family default
 Supply a name for the project folder and click OK.
 Add a message for the log file if desired,
 then click OK again.
 The new project folder should appear in the repository.
 Finally,
 click OK again to exit the repository browser.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Once again right click 
\family typewriter
C:
\backslash
new project
\family default
,
 this time selecting SVN Checkout\SpecialChar ldots
 Select the URL of the project folder you just created in the repository,
 and set the checkout directory to 
\family typewriter
C:
\backslash
new project.

\family default
 Click OK.
 You will be warned about a non-empty folder;
 click OK to proceed.
 You should now have a 
\family typewriter
.svn
\family default
 directory under 
\family typewriter
C:
\backslash
new project.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Create or open your document in \SpecialChar LyX
 and click 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Version
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Control\SpecialChar menuseparator
Register.
 
\family default
Add a log message and click OK to commit the document to version control.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
From this point onward,
 you should have full functionality in the 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Version
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Control
\family default
 menu.
 You also have the option of checking the document in and out,
 viewing its history,
 etc.
 using the TortoiseSVN context menu in Windows Explorer or the Subversion client program from a command prompt.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
SSH tunnel used with SVN under Windows
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Compared with Linux setting up an svn client to communicate over ssh under Windows is a rather troublesome task.
 We will at least offer some hints how to setup the client side but prior knowledge about ssh and the Windows command line is needed,
 also be prepared for a great deal of frustration\SpecialChar ldots

\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Get an svn client for windows,
 as described in the previous sections.
 When it is a fresh install run some svn command (e.g.
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
svn --version
\end_layout

\end_inset

) to create config files,
 which you will need to change later on.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Choose an ssh client for Windows.
 There are several possibilities,
 we will use the one from Putty tools
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 You will need to set the connection up so that the client doesn't ask for any password from you.
 To keep things easy we will use only keys without any additional password protection etc.
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
Generate keys by 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
puttygen
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Save your private .ppk key file and put the public one on the server side.
 If the SVN server runs on Linux,
 note that the format of the public key is not compatible with Linux openssh and you will need to direcly copy-paste the key from the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\emph on
Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file
\emph default
:
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 edit field into the server's 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
\end_layout

\end_inset

 / 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
authorized_keys2
\end_layout

\end_inset

 file.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
Get the Putty's 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
plink
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 In the SVN config file
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Exact path depends on Windows version,
 usually somewhere around 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
c:
\backslash
Documents and Settings
\backslash
user
\backslash
Application Data
\backslash
Subversion
\backslash
config
\end_layout

\end_inset

 / 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
AppData
\backslash
Roaming
\backslash
Subversion
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 section [tunnels],
 setup ssh command,
 e.g.
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ssh=c:/path/plink.exe -i c:/path/private_key.ppk
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
It will usually take a lot of time to get exact command right and it depends on many things.
 For example do not have some remote server saved as a default session in Putty etc.
 If things fail,
 try to connect via plink without SVN first.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
Checkout the SVN archive,
 e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
svn co svn+ssh://user@server/repository_path
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
End-of-Line Conversions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When the collaborators are mixing Linux and Windows environments,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 will use different line endings inside the .lyx files.
 This is not a problem as far as \SpecialChar LyX
 functionality is concerned,
 but the commit diffs will be huge and merge-conflicts prone.
 Fortunately SVN itself knows
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.4/svn.advanced.props.file-portability.html
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset

 how to deal with CR/LF problems when switching .lyx files to the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
native
\end_layout

\end_inset

 mode.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
For the lazy guys:
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
svn propset svn:eol-style native FILE_NAME
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
GIT commands in \SpecialChar LyX

\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A minimal subset of GIT commands is now supported by \SpecialChar LyX
.
 You can find the commands in the 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Version
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Control
\family default
 submenu.
 Please note that if you use password protected access to repository via ssh,
 you will be asked in terminal window.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 was tested against GIT 1.7/2.30.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Windows users please note that you need to ensure that git is on the path.
 This can be set from within \SpecialChar LyX
 at 
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
Paths\SpecialChar menuseparator
PATH prefix
\family default
.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
One big difference of GIT and the other supported version control systems is the distributed nature of GIT:
 With traditional version control systems there is one central server which hosts the repository.
 Users commit their changes to the server,
 and get updates made by other users from it.
 With GIT,
 users commit to a local repository.
 The local repository can be synchronized with one or more remote repositories using the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
pull
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
push
\end_layout

\end_inset

 GIT commands.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 does not interact in any way with remote GIT repositories.
 It works exclusively with the local repository in a very similar way as with a central CVS or SVN repository.
 If you use remote GIT repositories you need to do the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
pull
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
push
\end_layout

\end_inset

 operations with your favourite GIT client.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Register
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If your document is not under revision control,
 this is the only item shown in the menu.
 And if it is under revision control,
 the 
\family sans
Register
\family default
 item is not visible.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This command registers in GIT your document ONLY in case you have already the documents directory under GIT control (in particular 
\family typewriter
.git/index
\family default
 file exists
\begin_inset Foot
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
For that both 
\family typewriter
git init
\family default
 *and* initial repository commit (or at least 
\family typewriter
git add
\family default
) needs to be manually done.
\end_layout

\end_inset

).
 This means you have to checkout the archive by yourself.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Then you are asked interactively to supply an initial description of the document.
 Don't forget that registered file is not yet committed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
GIT command that is run:
 
\family typewriter
git add 
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Read 
\family typewriter
man git
\family default
 to understand the switches.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Check In Changes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When you are finished editing a file,
 you commit your changes.
 When you do this,
 you are asked for a description of the changes.
 After that changes are committed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
GIT command:
 
\family typewriter
git commit -q -m"<description>" <file-name>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Revert To Repository Version
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This will discard all changes made to the document since the last check in.
 You get a warning before changes are discarded.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
GIT command:
 
\family typewriter
git checkout -q 
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Rename
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This will rename the current document including the version history.
 It requires a clean document without any changes since the last checkin.
 You are asked for a file name and a description of the rename operation.
 After that the document is renamed,
 both locally and in the repository.
 If the parent directories of the new and old file names differ,
 all relative paths of included files are adjusted (like in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Save As
\family default
\SpecialChar ldots
).
 Finally,
 the document is reloaded using the new name.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
GIT
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

commands:
 
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
git mv 
\family typewriter

\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<new-file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
git commit
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection

\family sans
Show History
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This shows the complete history of the GIT document.
 The output of 
\family typewriter
git log 
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset

<file-name>
\begin_inset Quotes qld
\end_inset


\family default
 is shown in a browser.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Version Info
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 supports GIT hash number of the last commit to the file,
 its abbreviated form,
 author name,
 date and time of last commit.
 All those are extracted from 
\family typewriter
git log -n 1 --pretty=format:%H%n%h%n%an%n%ai
\family default
.
 Tree version information is obtained via 
\family typewriter
git describe --abbrev --dirty --long
\family default
.
 See 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:VCS-Revision-Information"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

 for other details.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Further tuning
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
With the recent addition of the 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
vc-command
\end_layout

\end_inset

 function \SpecialChar LyX
 power users are allowed to create their own commands for revision control.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As an example you can see how two TortoiseSVN commands could be integrated directly:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Commit:
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
vc-command DR "." "TortoiseProc /command:commit /path:$$p"
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Revert:
 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
vc-command DR "." "TortoiseProc /command:revert /path:$$p"
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Version control and Document comparison
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
One of the typical uses of version control is to inspect the changes between revisions,
 usually by creating 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
diff
\end_layout

\end_inset

 dumps.
 While this is useful for plain text files,
 it is much less useful in the case of \SpecialChar LyX
 files,
 which have more a complicated structure.
 Hence we provide binding to the Document comparison feature.
 There are two ways of calling this feature – either by direct call of 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
vc-compare
\end_layout

\end_inset

 \SpecialChar LyX
 function (for details see \SpecialChar LyX
 functions manual) or by the toolbar icon 
\begin_inset Info
type  "icon"
arg   "vc-compare"
\end_inset

 or the menu item 
\begin_inset Info
type  "menu"
arg   "vc-compare"
\end_inset

,
 respectively.
 One can either compare two chosen revisions of the document or he can simply compare the current version of edited text with older revisions (where '
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
0
\end_layout

\end_inset

' revisions back means comparison of the edited file with last commited revision).
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This feature is supported for SVN and RCS though due to the more complicated versioning scheme of RCS there is a constraint – when addressing the revisions in dialog,
 numbers always point to the last number in RCS revision number,
 i.e.
 '35' in '1.2.35'.
 We don't currently support GIT addressing of revisions,
 one can just compare edited document with its revision X steps backs,
 where X is addressed as 
\begin_inset Flex Code
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
HEAD~X
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:Literate-Programming"

\end_inset

Literate Programming
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Updated by 
\noun on
Kayvan Sylvan 
\noun default
(kayvan@sylvan.com)
\noun on
,
 
\noun default
original documentation written by 
\noun on
Edmar Wienskoski Jr.

\noun default
 (edmar-w-jr@technologist.com)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The main purpose of this documentation is to show you how to use \SpecialChar LyX
 for literate programming,
 where it is assumed that you are familiar with this programming technique,
 and know what 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

tangling
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 and 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

weaving
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 means.
 If that is not the case,
 please follow the web links provided in the following sections.
 There is a lot of good documentation out there covering old development history to the latest tools tips.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
It is also assumed that you are familiar with \SpecialChar LyX
 itself to a point that you are comfortable changing your \SpecialChar LyX
 preferences,
 and X resources file.
 If that is not the case please refer to other \SpecialChar LyX
 documentation to cover your specific needs.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Literate Programming
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
From the Literate Programming FAQ:
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quotation
Literate programming is the combination of documentation and source together in a fashion suited for reading by human beings.
 In fact,
 literate programs should be enjoyable reading,
 even inviting!
 (Sorry Bob,
 I couldn't resist!) In general,
 literate programs combine source and documentation in a single file.
 Literate programming tools then parse the file to produce either readable documentation or compilable source.
 The WEB style of literate programming was created by D.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

E.
 Knuth during the development of his \SpecialChar TeX
 typesetting software.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Another excerpt says:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quotation

\emph on
How is literate programming different from verbose commenting?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quotation
There are three distinguishing characteristics.
 In order of importance,
 they are:
 
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
flexible order of elaboration 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
automatic support for browsing 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
typeset documentation,
 especially diagrams and mathematics 
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Now that I sparked your curiosity,
 take a look in the references.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
References
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The complete Literate Programming FAQ can be found at:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
Literate Programming FAQ 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

http://www.literateprogramming.com/lpfaq.pdf
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The FAQ lists 23 (twenty three!) different literate programming tools.
 Where some are specialized or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

tailored
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 for particular programming languages,
 while other have general scope.
 I selected 
\noun on
Noweb
\noun default
 for my own use for several reasons:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
It can generate the documentation either in \SpecialChar LaTeX
 or HTML.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
It has a open architecture,
 i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

e.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

it is easy to plug in new filters
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\emph on
Filters 
\emph default
are programs that read a given data stream and output a manipulated data stream.
 That way,
 a WEB file (consisting of literate code) can be turned into a file consisting only of C program code or \SpecialChar LaTeX
 code.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 and to perform special processing that you may need.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
There is a good selection of filters available already (the HTML is one of them).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
It is free.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The Noweb web page can be found at:
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
Noweb home page 
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

https://www.cs.tufts.edu/~nr/noweb/
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Starting from there you can reach many other interesting links and even some literate program examples.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\SpecialChar LyX
 and Literate Programming with Noweb
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The \SpecialChar LyX
 support for Literate Programming is provided by using the generic \SpecialChar LyX
 converters mechanism.
 This support is provided in a 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Noweb independent
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 way,
 i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

e.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

you will be able to use this new \SpecialChar LyX
 feature with some other literate programming tool of your choice by just changing your \SpecialChar LyX
 preferences.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Generating documents and code (weaving and tangling)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Using the noweb module
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you have installed Noweb and \SpecialChar LyX
 successfully,
 whenever you open a new document,
 after you have chosen its document class,
 use the 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
 menu to add the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

noweb
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 module.
 If Noweb is correctly installed,
 when you click on the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Modules
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 link,
 you will see the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

noweb
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 module in the available list and you can add it to your document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Typing code in
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 enables you to write code with a custom inset named 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Chunk
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 Noweb delimits chunks like this:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
<<My code>>=
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  code
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  more code
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  even more code
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  @
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The problem is that whatever is written in between the << and the 
\family typewriter
@
\family default
 must be taken literally,
 i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

e.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

\SpecialChar LyX
 should be prevented from making any special interpretation of what has been written.
 This is also handled by 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Chunk
\end_layout

\end_inset

,
 that works like a normal text inset but has a free spacing capability.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As a special note,
 you can also use the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

%def
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 construct of Noweb in your chunks to add items to Noweb's identifier cross-reference:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
<<My chunk>>=
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
def some_function(args):
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
   "This is the doc string for this function."
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
   print "My args:
 ",
 args
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
@ %def some_function
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For an example of this usage and the resulting cross-reference output,
 look at the Literate python program in 
\emph on
LIBDIR/examples/listerrors.lyx
\emph default
 which should make this all clear.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Generating the documentation
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
At this point you already have a new document file with a proper document class,
 and with some code and text on it.
 How do I print it?
 The answer is simple,
 you select 
\family sans
View\SpecialChar menuseparator
DVI,

\family default
 etc.
 Just like you would do for a plain document.
 No special procedure is required.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To help orientate you,
 I will now explain what happens inside \SpecialChar LyX
:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
When the 
\family sans
Update\SpecialChar menuseparator
DVI
\family default
 menu option is chosen,
 a \SpecialChar LaTeX
 file is generated.
 
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
If the document is of any literate class the generated file will be named with an extension name defined by the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

literate
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 format (defined in the Preferences panel),
 otherwise the file will have the usual 
\family typewriter
.tex
\family default
 extension.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
Note that the only difference so far is in the name of the file,
 no special processing is required by \SpecialChar LyX
.
 Given that you formatted the code using the 
\begin_inset Flex Noun
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Chunk
\end_layout

\end_inset

 inset that,
 by itself,
 takes care of the business.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
If the document is of any literate class \SpecialChar LyX
 will then use the internal \SpecialChar LyX
 to Noweb converter,
 followed by the Noweb to \SpecialChar LaTeX
 converter
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout
The converters are defined in the 
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences
\family default
 panel,
 under the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Conversion
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 tab.
 See section 
\emph on
Converters
\emph default
 of the 
\emph on
Customization
\emph default
 manual for general information about converters.
\end_layout

\end_inset

 to generate the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 file.
\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Otherwise it will just skip this step.
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
Finally,
 \SpecialChar LaTeX
 is invoked and the regular post processing continues as in a plain document.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Independence from a particular 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

literate tool
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 is easily achieved by changing the commands that are run by the various converters.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Generating the code
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When the build menu option is chosen or the corresponding button in the toolbar is pressed,
 a \SpecialChar LaTeX
 file is generated just like step 1 above.
 Next,
 \SpecialChar LyX
 invokes the 
\family typewriter
Noweb->Program
\family default
 converter.
 This converter needs to be defined by the user and is not installed by default,
 though the Program format is.
 This converter (like any other converter) will have two parts:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
The converter program itself.
 This program performs the conversion from the one format to the other (in this case,
 from the Noweb format to the Program pseudo-format).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
The error log parser.
 This is a program whose sole purpose is to rewrite error messages in a format that \SpecialChar LyX
 understands.
 This makes it possible for \SpecialChar LyX
 to place error boxes in the right places in the file buffer.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The first part,
 the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Converter
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 setting,
 should be set to
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\family typewriter
build-script $$i
\family default
 $$r
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This basically means that \SpecialChar LyX
 will call 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

build-script
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 (a program or script) with the name of the Noweb file (normally a file in the \SpecialChar LyX
 temp directory) and the directory path of the original \SpecialChar LyX
 file.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This is an implementation of 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

build-script
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 that you can place in a directory on your path:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\family sans
#!/bin/sh
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\family sans
#
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\family sans
notangle -Rbuild-script $1 | env NOWEB_SOURCE=$1 NOWEB_OUTPUT_DIR=$2 sh
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The next part of the converter setting is the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Flags
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 which is to be set to
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code

\family typewriter
parselog=$$s/scripts/listerrors
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This will run any errors that are generated by the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

build-script
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 process through the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

listerrors
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 program.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The build will normally take place in \SpecialChar LyX
's temporary directory,
 so the files produced by the conversion will be in that directory.
 \SpecialChar LyX
 will copy out what it regards as the `main' file,
 but the 
\family typewriter
Noweb->Program
\family default
 conversion may produce several files,
 and so most of these would then be deleted when \SpecialChar LyX
 was closed.
 This is why we pass in the NOWEB_OUTPUT_DIR environment variable so that the build-script chunk can place the generated files in that location.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Build instructions in the document
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The last piece of the integration between \SpecialChar LyX
 and noweb is the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

build-script
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 chunk.
 Generally,
 the instructions for building your program should be embedded in a chunk of its own.
 The noweb-specific 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

build-script
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 above uses the notangle command to look for this chunk (called 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

build-script
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

) and runs its contents through 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

sh
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Typically,
 such a chunk would look something like this:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
<<build-script>>=
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
#!/bin/sh
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

if [ -z "${NOWEB_SOURCE}" ]
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

then
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
NOWEB_SOURCE=myfile.nw
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

fi
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

[...
 code to extract files ...
 use NOWEB_OUTPUT_DIR here ...]
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

[...
 code to compile files ...]
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

@
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Look in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Noweb Listerrors
\family default
 or in 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Noweb2LyX
\family default
 which implement versions of the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

listerrors
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 program for some illustrations of how all of these pieces go together 
\emph on
.

\emph default
 Interestingly,
 these files show off the language-indepence of the \SpecialChar LyX
 literate programming support since they are written in Python and Perl respectively.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Configuring \SpecialChar LyX

\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
All the Literate Programming support is configured by the 
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences
\family default
 panel in the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

File Handling
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 tab.
 The important parts are:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
the
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

NoWeb
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

format Set up via the File Formats tab,
 this is where the Noweb-specific pieces are set up.
 The 
\family sans
GUI Name
\family default
 is set to 
\family typewriter
NoWeb
\family default
,
 the file extension is set to 
\family typewriter
.nw
\family default
.
 This tells \SpecialChar LyX
 to create a file with a 
\family typewriter
.nw
\family default
 extension in the first step of the conversion process.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
the
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\family sans
Program
\family default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

format This is an empty format whose sole purpose is to be the endpoint of a conversion (which then allows us to set up a converter for it).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family sans
NoWeb
\family default
->
\family sans
\SpecialChar LaTeX

\family default
 This converter performs the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

weaving
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 of the literate document.
 For Noweb,
 it is set to 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
noweave -delay -index $$i > $$o
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family sans
NoWeb
\family default
->
\family sans
Program
\family default
 This performs the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

tangling step
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 As stated above,
 the Converter is set to 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
build-script $$i
\family default
 $$r
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

,
 with Flags set to
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\family typewriter
parselog=$$s/scripts/listerrors
\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Debug extensions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There is also a new function implemented in the \SpecialChar LyX
 server,
 the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

server-goto-file-row" function,
 to be used with ddd/gdb or other debugger.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When debugging code with ddd/gdb,
 it is possible to invoke a text editor at the current execution position with a single key stroke.
 The default ddd configuration for that is shift-ctrl-V.
 It happens that you can define the editor command line invocation in ddd by accessing the 
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
Helpers
\family default
 dialog and changing the "Edit Sources" entry.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
I take advantage of the newly created \SpecialChar LyX
 server function and this ddd feature,
 and set 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Edit Sources
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 to:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
echo "LYXCMD:monitor:server-goto-file-row:@FILE@ @LINE@" >~/.lyxpipe.in
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
With this,
 whenever you are using ddd and find a point in the program that you want to edit,
 you just press shift-ctrl-V (in the ddd window),
 and ddd will forward this information to \SpecialChar LyX
 through the \SpecialChar LyX
 server and then the \SpecialChar LyX
 window will show the same file with the cursor at the same position ddd was pointing to.
 No more guessing or long scrolling to locate a point in the program back from debugging !
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Note however that you must enable the \SpecialChar LyX
 server to get this feature working (it is disabled by default).
 Sec.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Starting-the-Server"
nolink "false"

\end_inset

 explains how to do that.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Toolbar extensions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are six new buttons that can be added to your \SpecialChar LyX
 toolbar.
 Four of these buttons are short cuts to layout styles:
 
\family sans
Standard
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Section
\family default
,
 
\family sans
\SpecialChar LaTeX

\family default
,
 and 
\family sans
\SpecialChar LyX
-Code
\family default
,
 one for the custom inset 
\family sans
Chunk
\family default
.
 The last one is a short cut to the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

Build Program
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 File menu entry.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
 has a range of buttons that are available for tool bar customization.
 In my toolbar I like to combine the six short cuts above with two more:
 One for 
\family sans
Document
\family default
\SpecialChar menuseparator

\family sans
Update
\family default
\SpecialChar menuseparator

\family sans
DVI
\family default
 and the other for 
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
View\SpecialChar menuseparator
DVI
\family default
 File menu entries.
 Here is how it looks like:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
Toolbar
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  Layouts
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  Icon "layout Standard"
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  Icon "layout Section"
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  Icon "layout \SpecialChar LaTeX
"
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  Icon "layout \SpecialChar LyX
-Code"
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  Icon "flex.insert Chunk"
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  Separator
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  Icon "buffer-view"
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  Icon "buffer-typeset"
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  Icon "build-program"
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
  Separator
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
End
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Colors customization
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There are a number of colors in \SpecialChar LyX
 that can be customized in 
\family sans
Preferences
\family default
.
 One of the things that bothers people is the \SpecialChar LaTeX
 font color.
 The default color is red,
 since the chunks uses \SpecialChar LaTeX
 font,
 and there is a lot of chunks in literate documents,
 you may get tired of seeing everything in red.
 You can change it by going to the tabs 
\family sans
Look&Feel
\family default
,
 
\family sans
Colors.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The next thing is the visible presence of the newline character in the screen.
 You can choose the color of this particular character and make it blend in the background.
 I recommend you choosing a color that is close to the background but not equal,
 that way you still can see it is there,
 but it is not bothering you anymore.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\SpecialChar LyX
 and knitr/Sweave
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Support for 
\family sans
knitr
\family default
 and 
\family sans
Sweave
\family default
 is documented in 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator
Knitr
\family default
 and 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rnw (knitr)
\family default
 and in 
\family sans
Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific Manuals\SpecialChar menuseparator
Sweave
\family default
 and 
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open Example\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules\SpecialChar menuseparator
Sweave
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
LatexCommand printindex
type "idx"
name "Index"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_body
\end_document