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[wiki-uploads.git] / Layouts / tufte-book / layoutProposal / tuftebookforwiki.lyx

#LyX 1.6.5svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/\r
\lyxformat 345\r
\begin_document\r
\begin_header\r
\textclass tufte-book\r
\options justified\r
\use_default_options true\r
\language english\r
\inputencoding auto\r
\font_roman default\r
\font_sans default\r
\font_typewriter default\r
\font_default_family default\r
\font_sc false\r
\font_osf false\r
\font_sf_scale 100\r
\font_tt_scale 100\r
\r
\graphics default\r
\paperfontsize default\r
\spacing single\r
\use_hyperref false\r
\papersize default\r
\use_geometry true\r
\use_amsmath 1\r
\use_esint 1\r
\cite_engine basic\r
\use_bibtopic false\r
\paperorientation portrait\r
\secnumdepth 2\r
\tocdepth 2\r
\paragraph_separation indent\r
\defskip medskip\r
\quotes_language english\r
\papercolumns 1\r
\papersides 1\r
\paperpagestyle default\r
\tracking_changes false\r
\output_changes false\r
\author "" \r
\author "" \r
\end_header\r
\r
\begin_body\r
\r
\begin_layout Title\r
\begin_inset Note Note\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This is the document I used to generate the .pdf file.\r
 However, I removed the pictures to limit the number of files I uploaded.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Random Tufte Examples\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Author\r
Fake Author\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset CommandInset toc\r
LatexCommand tableofcontents\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
The Features of the Tufte-book Class\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In this document, I endeavor to show some of the features of the Tufte-book\r
 class.\r
 In the first chapter, I outline their use.\r
 In the second chapter, I demonstrate their use through a handout I created\r
 in my Calculus class.\r
 For those who are viewing the .lyx file, I had to remove the figures and\r
 replace them by boxes so that the download would not become overwhelming.\r
\begin_inset Flex Sidenote\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
I created the figures with a combination of RLPlot and Inkscape.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Features\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The Tufte-book class is based on the work of Edward Tufte.\r
 His documents consist of a column of text beside a wide column of margin\r
 notes and margin figures.\r
 This is to improve readability.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Features included in this format include:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Margin figures\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Ordinary figures in text with captions in margins\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Full width figures and text when needed\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Footnotes\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 in margins\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Itemize\r
Limited layers of sections and subsections\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In this sample document, I will demonstrate some of these features.\r
 For a full demonstration, visit the webpage.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Page Layout\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Tufte's margins are \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
ragged right\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 rather than justified.\r
\begin_inset Flex Sidenote\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This document is justified.\r
 Add the option "justified" to the Custom line of the Document Class part\r
 of the Document Settings.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 The ragged right is used in most of his works, but the option exists for\r
 justified text.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Tufte also formats his pages so that they are not symmetric.\r
 Instead, each page is the same and all the marginalia appear on the right\r
 side of each page.\r
 After experimentation, I agree that this option is best.\r
 A symmetric layout appeared strange, to say the least.\r
\begin_inset Flex Sidenote\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
To create a symmetric layout, add the option "symmetric" to the Custom line\r
 of the Document Class part of the Document Settings.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Finally, by default, Tufte does not number his chapters or his sections.\r
 Since I like to refer to sections by number, I changed this section in\r
 the Document Settings by moving the slider under the Numbering and TOC\r
 section.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Figures\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Tufte uses ordinary figure floats like this:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float figure\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Box Boxed\r
position "t"\r
hor_pos "c"\r
has_inner_box 1\r
inner_pos "t"\r
use_parbox 0\r
width "100col%"\r
special "none"\r
height "1in"\r
height_special "totalheight"\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Imagine your favorite figure inside this box instead of this boring text.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Caption\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
An ordinary figure float.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Tufte also uses margin figures, a feature I wish I could apply to the Memoir\r
 class.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float marginfigure\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Box Boxed\r
position "t"\r
hor_pos "c"\r
has_inner_box 1\r
inner_pos "t"\r
use_parbox 0\r
width "100col%"\r
special "none"\r
height "1in"\r
height_special "totalheight"\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Imagine your favorite photograph of a squirrel inside this box instead of\r
 this boring text.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Caption\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
A margin figure\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Naturally, the Tufte-book class also allows the use of tables in the margins\r
 and in the text in the same way that the figures are used.\r
 I would use the margin tables for a small set of data to illustrate a concept\r
 such as \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
Look, distance-time data is quadratic when the object is falling.\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 I might put flame test results and comments in a full-width table.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
I did attempt to use the figure-wrap float with Tufte.\r
 LyX interpreted it as a figure float and sometimes didn't show it at all.\r
 With only the narrow column of text available, I think that it should probably\r
 be suppressed when someone edits the layout file!\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
A final type of figure is a full-width figure.\r
 This is one which takes up the entire width of the page: text and margin\r
 alike.\r
 I'm proud of this because this was my one original contribution as it does\r
 not seem to be in the Tufte-handout.layout file.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float figure\r
wide true\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Box Boxed\r
position "t"\r
hor_pos "c"\r
has_inner_box 1\r
inner_pos "t"\r
use_parbox 0\r
width "100col%"\r
special "none"\r
height "1in"\r
height_special "totalheight"\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Imagine a photograph of a squirrel stretched out on its side in this box.\r
 One of the bugs in my layout is that this only works with pictures, not\r
 with frames around minipages, the way it's set up here.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Caption\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
A full-width figure.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Working with Text\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Tufte provides a number of innovations for use with his text.\r
 The first is the extensive use of margin notes.\r
\begin_inset Flex Sidenote\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This is an example of a Tufte style margin note.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Tufte's margin notes use a slightly smaller font and they have the added\r
 benefit of reference by a superscript.\r
 Ordinary margin notes do not have this.\r
 Both types are shown.\r
\begin_inset Marginal\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
This is an ordinary margin note.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Flex Newthought\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Another useful\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 innovation is Tufte's \r
\series bold\r
new thought\r
\series default\r
 command.\r
 It introduces new thoughts, such as this paragraph, with small capitals.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Finally, Tufte has a setting to print full-width text.\r
 This spreads it from margin to margin.\r
 I believe this might be useful for quoting a text.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Another available style is \r
\begin_inset Flex Allcaps\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
allcaps\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Full Width\r
This is full width text.\r
 I'm not going to quote a text because I don't want to mess with citations\r
 and I haven't yet figured out how to use BiBTeX.\r
 I thought about quoting from some of my own materials, but then I decided\r
 not to.\r
 Instead, I decided to just type for a while and fill up 3 lines on my screen\r
 with whatever nonsense came into my head.\r
 \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
I've honestly not found a use for the fullwidth setting in my own materials.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Conclusions\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
I like a lot of what Tufte has done.\r
 At the moment, however, I only use his style in my Calculus class.\r
 I have a good Calculus book, but it requires extensive notes to adapt it\r
 for the high school level.\r
 For my Physics, Chemistry, and Biology courses, the Memoir class seems\r
 more suited.\r
 I wish it were possible to take the idea of margin figures from Tufte and\r
 put it into Memoir.\r
 I also prefer Tufte's method of dealing with margin notes.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Chapter\r
Calculation of Volume: Sections 2.12-2.13\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Abstract\r
Imagine taking a function like \r
\begin_inset Formula $y=\sqrt{x}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and rotating it in 3 dimensions around the x-axis.\r
 The resulting shape would look somewhat like a cup (on its side).\r
 Interestingly, integration empowers us to do exactly this and to find out\r
 how much water that cup could hold.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Section\r
Visualizing Rotation\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float marginfigure\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Box Boxed\r
position "t"\r
hor_pos "c"\r
has_inner_box 1\r
inner_pos "t"\r
use_parbox 0\r
width "100col%"\r
special "none"\r
height "1in"\r
height_special "totalheight"\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
I had a graph of the square root function here.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Caption\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "mar:A-graph-of"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
A graph of \r
\begin_inset Formula $f(x)=\sqrt{x}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float marginfigure\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Box Boxed\r
position "t"\r
hor_pos "c"\r
has_inner_box 1\r
inner_pos "t"\r
use_parbox 0\r
width "100col%"\r
special "none"\r
height "1in"\r
height_special "totalheight"\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Here I rotated the square root function and then drew a disk on the figure\r
 to illustrate how I would calculate the volume of the figure.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Caption\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset CommandInset label\r
LatexCommand label\r
name "mar:rotated"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
A graph of \r
\begin_inset Formula $f(x)=\sqrt{x}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 rotated about the x-axis and with additional remarks for integration.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Figure \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "mar:A-graph-of"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 shows the plot of the function \r
\begin_inset Formula $f(x)=\sqrt{x}.$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Now, imagine that we rotate that function about the x-axis.\r
 The resulting figure would be somewhat like figure \r
\begin_inset CommandInset ref\r
LatexCommand ref\r
reference "mar:rotated"\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 This is akin to a cup lying on its side.\r
 For the sake of clarity, the artist (me) drew a circle on the end of the\r
 figure to show that it is indeed rotated.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
Now, suppose we wished to find the volume of the figure.\r
 When we integrated the original square root function to find its area,\r
 we imagined a series of rectangles inside the figure.\r
 Their height was \r
\begin_inset Formula $h=f(x)$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and their width was \r
\begin_inset Formula $dx$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 Since height multiplied by width was the area of each rectangle, we summed\r
 these areas and rewrote this as \r
\begin_inset Formula $\int\, f(x)\, dx$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, or, in this specific case, \r
\begin_inset Formula $\int\,\sqrt{x}\, dx$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To find the volume of our rotated figure the prodecure is quite similar.\r
 Begin by rotating each rectangle about the x-axis.\r
 This creates a series of cylinders.\r
\begin_inset Flex Sidenote\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The text refers to these cylinders as "disks".\r
 This is standard practice in all the Calculus books I checked.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 Then, we can find the volume of each cylinder/disk.\r
 The basic formula is:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Formula \[\r
V=hA\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
where \r
\begin_inset Formula $h$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 is the height of the cylinder (width of the rectangle) \r
\begin_inset Formula $dx$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The area of each figure is a circle where \r
\begin_inset Formula $A=\pi r^{2}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 The radius in this case is the function \r
\begin_inset Formula $f(x)$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 By substitution\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Formula \[\r
A=\pi f^{2}(x)\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
In our specific case, \r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}\r
A & = & \pi\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^{2}\\\r
 & = & \pi x\end{eqnarray*}\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To calculate the volume of one disk, we have\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Formula \[\r
V=\pi x\, dx\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
or, in the general case\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Formula \[\r
V=\pi f^{2}(x)\, dx\]\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
To find the volume of the figure between points \r
\begin_inset Formula $a$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Formula $b$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 we sum the volumes by means of integration:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}\r
\int_{a}^{b}\,\pi f^{2}(x)\, dx\end{equation}\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
In the specific example, over the interval \r
\begin_inset Formula $[0,4]$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}\r
\int_{0}^{4}\,\pi x\, dx & = & \pi\int_{0}^{4}\, x\, dx\\\r
 & = & \pi\left.\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)\right|_{0}^{4}\\\r
 & = & \pi\left(\frac{4^{2}}{2}-0\right)\\\r
 & = & 8\pi\end{eqnarray*}\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Flex Newthought\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Suppose I drill\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 a special hole down the length of the cup we just worked with.\r
 It is made with a quadratic shaped bit.\r
\begin_inset Flex Sidenote\r
status collapsed\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
I have no idea how I'd do this in real life, but I'm making a point.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 I find that the hole the bit makes can be modeled with the function \r
\begin_inset Formula $g(x)=\frac{x^{2}}{16}$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 I would need to subtract the volume of the material removed from the volume\r
 of the entire \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
cup\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 Each individual cylinder would become like a \r
\begin_inset Quotes eld\r
\end_inset\r
\r
washer\r
\begin_inset Quotes erd\r
\end_inset\r
\r
.\r
 To get the area of one washer, I would use the formula\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Float marginfigure\r
wide false\r
sideways false\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
\begin_inset Box Boxed\r
position "t"\r
hor_pos "c"\r
has_inner_box 1\r
inner_pos "t"\r
use_parbox 0\r
width "100col%"\r
special "none"\r
height "1in"\r
height_special "totalheight"\r
status open\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
Here I used RLPlot to draw the square root function and the quadratic function.\r
 Then I used Inkscape to shade the area between them.\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\begin_inset Caption\r
\r
\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The functions \r
\begin_inset Formula $f(x)$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Formula $g(x)$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and the area left by \r
\begin_inset Formula $f(x)-g(x)$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}\r
A_{washer} & = & A_{cup}-A_{drill}\\\r
 & = & \pi f^{2}(x)-\pi g^{2}(x)\\\r
 & = & \pi\left(f^{2}(x)-g^{2}(x)\right)\end{eqnarray*}\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
The volume of each washer would be\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}\r
V_{washer} & = & A_{washer}\, dx\\\r
 & = & \pi\left(f^{2}(x)-g^{2}(x)\right)\, dx\end{eqnarray*}\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\noindent\r
Then, by summing the volumes of all the washers between points \r
\begin_inset Formula $a$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
 and \r
\begin_inset Formula $b$\r
\end_inset\r
\r
, the integral is derived:\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}\r
\int_{a}^{b}\,\pi\left(f^{2}(x)-g^{2}(x)\right)\, dx\end{equation}\r
\r
\end_inset\r
\r
\r
\end_layout\r
\r
\begin_layout Standard\r
In the case of our quadratic drill bit::\r
\begin_inset Float marginfigure\r
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position "t"\r
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This was the rotated set of 2 functions.\r
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\begin_inset Caption\r
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\begin_layout Plain Layout\r
The cup with a quadratic hole drilled down its length\r
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\begin_layout Standard\r
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}\r
\int_{0}^{4}\,\pi\left(\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^{2}-\left(\frac{x^{2}}{16}\right)\right)\, dx & = & \pi\int_{0}^{4}\,\left(x-\frac{x^{4}}{256}\right)\, dx\\\r
 & = & \pi\left(\int_{0}^{4}\, x\, dx-\int_{0}^{4}\,\frac{x^{4}}{256}\, dx\right)\\\r
 & = & \pi\left(\left.\left(\frac{x^{2}}{2}\right)\right|_{0}^{4}-\left.\left(\frac{x^{5}}{1280}\right)\right|_{0}^{4}\right)\\\r
 & = & \pi\left(\left(\frac{4^{2}}{2}-0\right)-\left(\frac{4^{5}}{1280}-0\right)\right)\\\r
 & = & \pi\left(8-0.8\right)\\\r
 & = & 7.2\pi\end{eqnarray*}\r
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\begin_layout Standard\r
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\begin_layout Section\r
Homework \r
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p114: 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15\r
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