don't output ' ' after '$' unless needed

[lyx.git] / INSTALL

Note for CVS checkouts
----------------------

If you have checked this out from CVS, you need to have
automake, autoconf, and gettext installed.  Then,
type "./autogen.sh" to build the needed configuration
files and proceed as stated below.

Compiling and installing LyX
============================

Quick compilation guide
-----------------------

These four steps will compile, test and install LyX:

        1) ./configure
           configures LyX to your system.

        2) make
           compiles the program.

        3) src/lyx
           runs the program so you can check it out.

        4) make install
           will install it. You can use "make install-strip" instead
           if you want a smaller binary. 


Requirements
------------

You will need to have both an Xforms library and Xpm library to compile 
LyX.  It is imperative that you have the correct versions of these 
libraries, and their associated header files.

As of LyX version 1.1.5, you will need to have Xforms library and
header version 0.88 or 0.89.  Version 0.88 is a stable release and the
recommended version, but 0.89.6 seems to be work very well too.  On
some systems, such as linux ELF, there are shared library versions of
the Xforms library, which require an installation step to configure
the system.

Xforms is available (free) only in binary format, source code is not
available.  If it is not available for your machine, contact the Xforms
developers to request a version for your system.  You can get it from

    http://world.std.com/~xforms/
    ftp://ncmir.ucsd.edu/pub/xforms/
    ftp://ftp.lyx.org/pub/xforms/
    ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/X11/gui/xforms
    ftp://ftp.cs.ruu.nl/pub/XFORMS/

In addition, you must have libXpm version 4.7 (or newer; 4.8 rumoured
to work).

You will also probably need GNU m4 (perhaps installed as gm4).
 
libXpm can be found at:
            http://www.funet.fi/pub/Linux/sunsite/X11/libs/!INDEX.html
            (or similar locations at other sunsites like sunsite.unc.edu)

You will also need a recent C++ compiler, where recent means that the
compilers are close to C++ standard conforming.  Compilers that are
known to compile LyX are egcs 1.1.x, gcc 2.95.x and later, and Digital
C++ version 6.1 and later.  Please tell us your experience with other
compilers.  It is _not_ possible to compile LyX with gcc 2.7.x and
2.8.x, and this is not likely to change in the future.

Note that, contrary to LyX 1.0.x, LyX 1.1.x makes great use of C++
Standard Template Library (STL); this means that gcc users will have
to install the relevant libstdc++ library to be able to compile this
version.

If you make modifications to files in src/ (for example by applying a
patch), you will need to have the GNU gettext package installed, due
to some dependencies in the makefiles. You can find the latest version
from:

    ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext-0.10.xx.tar.gz.

LyX contains a hack to work around this, but you should not rely too
much on it.


Finally, the two following programs should be available at
configuration time:

  o Perl (at least 5.002) is needed for the reLyX script. reLyX will
    not be installed if perl is not found.  If the environment
    variable PERL is set to point to some program, this value will be
    used, even if the program does no exist (this can be useful if
    the machine on which LyX is built is not the one where it will
    run). 

  o LaTeX2e should be correctly setup for the user you are logged
    as. Otherwise, LyX will not be able to run a number of tests. Note
    that users can run these tests manually with Option->Configure.


Creating the Makefile
---------------------

LyX can be configured using GNU autoconf utility which attempts to guess 
the configuration needed to suit your system.  The standard way to use it 
is described in the file INSTALL.autoconf.  In most cases you will be able 
to create the Makefile by typing

  ./configure

For more complicated cases, LyX configure takes the following specific
flags:

  o --with-extra-lib=DIRECTORY that specifies the path where LyX will find
    extra libraries (Xpm, xforms) it needs.  Defaults to NONE (i.e. search 
    in standard places).  You can specify several directories, separated
    by colons.

  o --with-extra-inc=DIRECTORY that gives the place where LyX will find
    xforms headers.  Defaults to NONE (i.e.  search in standard places).
    You can specify several directories, separated by colons.

  o --with-extra-prefix[=DIRECTORY] that is equivalent to
       --with-extra-lib=DIRECTORY/lib --with-extra-inc=DIRECTORY/include
    If DIRECTORY is not specified, the current prefix is used.

  o --with-version-suffix will install LyX as lyx-<version>, e.g. lyx-1.2.0
    The LyX data directory will be something like <whatever>/lyx-1.2.0/.
    Additionally your user configuration files will be found in e.g.
    $HOME/.lyx-1.2.0

    You can use this feature to install more than one version of LyX on
    the same system. You can optionally specify a "version" of your own,
    by doing something like : ./configure --with-version-suffix=-latestcvs

  o --enable-optimization=VALUE enables you to set optimization to a
    higher level as the default (-O), for example --enable-optimization=-O3.

  o --disable-optimization - you can use this to disable compiler
    optimization of LyX. The compile may be much quicker with some
    compilers, but LyX will run more slowly. 
 
There are also flags to control the internationalization support in
LyX:

  o --disable-nls suppresses all internationalization support,
    yielding a somewhat smaller code. 

  o --with-included-gettext forces the use of the included GNU gettext
    library, although you might have another one installed.

  o --with-catgets allows to use the catget() functions which can
    exist on your system.  This can cause problems, though. Use with
    care.

  o You can also set the environment variable LINGUAS to a list of
    language in case ou do not want to install all the translation 
    files. For example, if you are only interested in German and
    Finnish, you can type (with sh or bash)
        export LINGUAS='de fi'
    before running configure.

Moreover, the following generic configure flags may be useful:

  o --prefix=DIRECTORY specifies the root directory to use for
    installation. [defaults to where lyx has already been installed or
    /usr/local]

  o --datadir=DIRECTORY gives the directory where all extra LyX 
    files (lyxrc example, documentation, templates and layouts
    definitions) will be installed. 
    [defaults to ${prefix}/share/lyx${program_suffix}]

  o --bindir=DIRECTORY gives the directory where the lyx binary
    will be installed. [defaults to ${prefix}/bin]

  o --mandir=DIRECTORY gives the directory where the man pages will go.
    [defaults to ${prefix}/man]

Note that the --with-extra-* commands are not really robust when it
comes to use of relative paths.  If you really want to use a relative path
here, you can prepend it with "`pwd`/". 

If you do not like the default compile flags used (-g -O2 on gcc), you can 
set CXXFLAGS variable to other values as follows:

  o CXXFLAGS='-O2' (sh, bash)
  o setenv CXXFLAGS '-O2' (csh, tcsh)

Similarly, if you want to force the use of some specific compiler, you can 
give a value to the CXX variable.

If you encounter problems, please read the section 'Problems' at the end of 
this file. 

In particular, the following options could be useful in some
desperate cases:

  o --enable-warnings that make the compiler output more warnings during
    the compilation of LyX.  Opposite is --disable-warnings.  By default,
    this flag is on for development versions only.

  o --enable-assertions that make the compilier generater run-time
    code which checks that some variables have sane values. Opposite
    is --disable-assertions.  By default, this flag is on for
    development versions only. 

  o --with-broken-headers that provides prototypes to replace functions
    not correctly defined in SunOS4 and SCO header files.  Its only effect is
    to suppress a few warnings.  It is autodetected by default.

  o --without-latex-config that disables the automatic detection of your
    latex configuration.  This detection is automatically disabled if
    latex cannot be found.  If you find that you have to use this
    flag, please report it as a bug. 

  o --without-liberty suppresses the detection of the -liberty library
    (see the section 'Problems').


Compiling and installing LyX
----------------------------

Once you've got the Makefile created, you just have to type:

  make all
  make install

All should be OK ;)

Since the binaries with debug information tend to be huge (although
this does not affect the run-time memory footprint), you maight want
to strip the lyx binary. In this case replace "make install" with

  make install-strip

BTW: in the images subdirectory there is also a small icon "lyx.xpm",
that can be used to display lyx-documents in filemanagers.

If configure fails for some strange reason
------------------------------------------

Even when configure fails, it creates a Makefile.  You always can check
the contents of this file, modify it and run 'make'.

Compiling For Multiple Architectures
------------------------------------

You can compile LyX for more than one kind of computer at the same
time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their own
directory.  To do this, you must use a version of `make' that supports
the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'.  `cd' to the directory where
you want the object files and executables to go and run the
`configure' script.  `configure' automatically checks for the source
code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'.

If you have to use a `make' that does not supports the `VPATH'
variable, you have to compile LyX for one architecture at a time in
the source code directory.  After you have installed LyX for one
architecture, use `make distclean' before reconfiguring for another
architecture.

Preparing a binary distribution for the use of others
------------------------------------------------------

  o Compile LyX with the right compiler switches for your
    architecture. In particular you might want to ensure that
    libraries like xforms and xpm are statically linked. To this end,
    you can use a command like

                make LYX_LIBS='/foo/libforms.a /bar/libXpm.a'

    Moreover, make sure you use the --without-latex-config switch
    of configure, since others might not be interested by your
   configuration :-) 

  o Create a file README.bin describing your distribution and
    referring to *you* if problems arise. As a model, you can use the 
    file development/tools/README.bin.example, which can be a good
    starting point. 

  o Type `make bindist'. This will create a file
    lyx-1.xx.yy-bin.tar.gz. Rename it to reflect you architecture 
    and the peculiarities of your build (e.g. static vs. dynamic).

  o Check that everything is correct by unpacking the distribution 
    in some private place and running it. In particular, check the 
    output of `ldd lyx' to know which libraries are really needed.

  o Upload your binary file to ftp.devel.lyx.org:/pub/incoming, and
    notify larsbj@lyx.org.  


Problems
--------

This section provides several hints that have been submitted by LyX
team member or users to help compiling on some particular
architectures. If you find that some of this hints are wrong, please
notify us.

  o If you have problems indicating that configure cannot find a part of
    the xforms or Xpm library, use the --with-extra-lib and --with-extra-inc 
    options of configure to specify where these libraries reside.  

  o Configure will seemingly fail to find xpm.h and forms.h on linux
    if the kernel headers are not available. Two cases are possible: 

      - you have not installed the kernel sources. Then you should
        install them or at least the kernel-headers package (or
        whatever it is called in your distribution).

      - you have the sources, but you did a 'make mrproper' in the
        kernel directory (this  this removes some symbolic links that
        are needed for compilation). A 'make symlinks' in linux kernel
        sources fixes that. 

  o if you are using RedHat Linux 7.x, you must make sure you have the
    latest updated gcc and related packages installed (at least -85),
    or LyX will not compile or will be mis-compiled.
 
  o if you get an error message when compiling LyX that looks like this :

    ../../src/minibuffer.h:17: using directive `Object' introduced
    ambiguous type `_ObjectRec *'

    then you need to upgrade the version of the xforms library you have
    installed.

  o It is possible to compile lyx with Tru64 Unix cxx compiler
    version 6.2, provided one uses
        CXX='cxx -std strict_ansi'
        CXXFLAGS='-ptr /tmp/lyx_cxx_repository -g'
        CC=cc

    Note that this will not work when compiling directly from the cvs
    repository, due to the tricks used by automake for dependencies. Ask
    Jean-Marc.Lasgouttes@inria.fr for a workaround.

  o On Tru64 Unix, you may have to compile with
    --with-included-string to work around a Tru64 linker limitation
    (the STL string template creates names which may be too long). We
    also had reports that it helps with gcc 2.95.2 on solaris 2.6. 

  o On Tru64 Unix with cxx, you may have a compilation error in
    lyx_main.C if you have GNU gettext installed. This is due to a bug
    in gettext. To solve this, you can either (1) configure with
    --with-included-gettext or (2) add -D__STDC__ to cxx flags.

  o According to John Collins <collins@phys.psu.edu>, on SunOS 4.1.3 you may 
    find two sets of X libraries, and they are of course incompatible :-)
    One is the set provided as part of OpenWindows, and one is the standard
    X distribution (e.g., X11R5).  If you encounter problems (or if, for
    some obscure reasons configure cannot find your X libraries) you can
    use the following options:

     o --x-libraries=DIRECTORY that indicates where the X libraries reside.

     o --x-includes=DIRECTORY that indicate where the X include files reside.

    The standard X11R5 libraries should work when the OpenWindows ones
    don't.

  o Some systems lack functions that LyX needs.  To fix this, configure
    tries to link against the -liberty library, if it is available. 
    If you experience problems with missing symbols at link time, you 
    could try to install libiberty.a, which comes with several GNU 
    packages (in particular libg++).  In any case, please report your 
    problems to lyx-devel@lists.lyx.org. 

    The option --without-liberty disable the detection of -liberty.  It
    is meant for debugging purpose only.

  o According to David Sundqvist <David_Sundqvist@vd.volvo.se>, some
    changes are needed to compile with aCC on HP-UX 10.20. These are the
    relevant changes in the makefile (with comments tagged on):  

    CXX = /opt/aCC/bin/aCC 
    CXXFLAGS = -O +inst_none # The aCC compiler tries to run instantiations
                             # which currently break.

    LIBS = -lforms -lXpm  -lSM -lICE -lc -lm -lX11 -lCsup # must link with Csup
    LDFLAGS = -L/opt/aCC/lib # perhaps not needed. 


  o On Digital Unix with gcc, you can get warnings like

warning, LyXFamilyNames not found in original or external symbol tables, value defaults to 0

    These concern symbols beginning with an uppercase letter and seems
    to be harmless. Similarly, the compilation can end with the
    following warning:

/bin/ld:
Warning: Linking some objects which contain exception information sections
        and some which do not. This may cause fatal runtime exception handling
        problems (last obj encountered without exceptions was ../intl/libintl.a).


    You can safely ignore it.